جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ژرم پلاسم » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

Identification and selection of superior genotypes in different regions of the country is a useful breeding method in walnut. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity among some selected walnut genotypes using 19 quantitative and qualitative traits related to morphological and pomological characteristics based on the IPGRI description (with some modifications) on 28 walnut genotypes during years of 2018 and 2019 in Reseach Station of Department of Horticulture, Unversity of Tehran. The results showed that the highest kernel percentage (69.12 and 67.14) belonged to UTW10 and UTW09 genotypes, respectively. The UTW05 and UTW07 genotypes were the latest leafing date. The UTW09 and UTW05 genotypes had the highest kernel weights of 8.05 and 7.87 g, respectively. UTW22 and UTW05 genotypes with 14.48 and 13.93 g, respectively, had the highest nut weight. Based on cluster analysis, genotypes with desirable traits were grouped from other genotypes. Among the factors that play a role in separating the main clusters were nut dry weight, kernel weight, length, diameter and width of nut, kernel percentage, Kernel plumpness, Kernel fillness and Leaf Abscission of genotypes. The results of simple correlation analysis of traits showed a significant positive and negative correlation between some important traits. In general, UTW01, UTW04, UTW06, UTW07, UTW08, UTW20, and UTW22 genotypes were selected as superior genotypes due to closed-shell seal, light kernel color, ease of kernel removal from nuts, lateral bearing, and high kernel percentage.

Spinach, due to high nutrition and economic value, highly regarded by the breeders. In this research, 40 populations belonging to three species of Spinacia oleracea, S. turkestanica, and S. tetrandra from most parts of Iran, along with a wild population from Afghanistan and two commercial cultivars Viroflay and Baby spinach, formed the studied germplasm. Thirty-three traits were classified under three groups of morphological, physiological, and biochemical. The results showed that the germplasm had a rich genetic structural diversity for the studied traits. The average coefficient variance of the studied traits was 29.8%. Oxalate accumulation showed a significant difference in the studied populations. The minimum oxalate accumulation was observed in the Karaj population of S. oleracea with 682 mg per 100 g FW. The maximum accumulation was found in the Bazangan population, the wild species of S. turkestanica, with 2902 mg per 100 g FW. The cluster analysis results put the two wild species populations in the same group and separated from the other ones. The coefficients of correlation were ranged from -0.83 to 0.99. In total, 43.1% out of all trait's interactions had a significant correlation (α = 0.01 or 0.05). The correlation results showed that the plant with a higher performance index had more freshness after harvesting. Also, the blistering was the only trait of among of all that had a significant negative correlation with oxalate accumulation.

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the variation of blackberry accession of Iran in terms of antioxidant activity, phenolic components, fruit quantitative traits and photosynthesis pigments. For this regards, four accessions of wild blackberry including Babolsar, Naharkhoran, BandarGaz and NamakAbroud belongs to Rubus sanctus species, which collected from the northern area of Iran and has been kept in Blackberry Collection of Horticulture Department of Shiraz University were selected and subjected to factorial design based on randomized complete block designs with four replications in two consecutive years. Then, the fruit sanmples were collected in three fruit maturity stages (Black, Red and Green). The results indicated significant differences between accessions in terms of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) (range, 46.25-65.50 %), total phenolic content (TPC) (range, 224.67-350.53 mg/100 g DW), flavonoid (range, 531.71-812.37 mg/100 g DW), flavanone (range, 18.47-75.55 mg/100 g DW), anthocyanin (range, 92.23-281.57 mg/100 g FW) along with other traits. Furthermore, the highest quantity of abtioxidant and phenolic compounds were observed in complete fruit maturity stages (Black) compared to other maturity stages. There was a positive and significant association between antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds. Babolsar genotype with highest quantity of phenol (350.53 mg/100 g DW), anthocyanin (281.57 mg/100 g FW), flavanone (75.55 mg/100 g DW), flavonoids (812.37 mg/100 g DW) and lowest amount of IC50 (46.25 %) identified as the best genotype in terms of nutritional value.

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is cultivated for a long time in Iran, which has medicinal and economic value. In order to effective management of genetic sources, identifying species and determination on the genetic relationships between them, knowledge of genetic diversity will be helpful. To evaluate genetic diversity of 25 trees collected from South Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Collection, 16 RAPD and 22 SSR primers were used. Both the markers showed highly polymorphic. Distinctive power of two markers were compared using percent of polymorphism, polymorphic information content (PIC), resolving power (RP), marker index (MI) and effective multiplex ratio (EMR). RAPDs produced 108 polymorphic bands, while SSRs amplified 118 polymorphic bands. SSRs showed higher PIC, EMR and MI (0.47, 5.36, 2.58, respectively) than RAPDs (0.19, 3.55, 0.76, respectively). However, RP of RAPDs (9.92) higher than to SSRs (2.10). The dendrogram drawn with UPGMA cluster analysis showed that root-suckers of the same rootstock were separated from each other, which is indicative of the occurrence of somatic mutation among them. Dendrogram derived from the combination of SSR and RAPD datas, divided most of root-suckers from the same rootstock into same clusters.

In order to investigate the morphological and phytochemical variations of 17 populations of the genus Allium, a medicinal plant, from different regions of Iran, 13 morphological traits, as well as total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were evaluated. The highest and the lowest coefficient of variation belonged to scape length (59.04 mm) and leaf thickness (15.4 mm), respectively. The highest leaf number, leaf length, and scape length belonged to Dehdasht population and Pir baba ali had the highest leaf width, flower number in umbel, bulb weight, bulb diameter, and stem width. Results of simple correlation analysis showed the existence of significant positive correlations among some traits such as bulb weight with flower number in umbel (0.85), leaf width with scape diameter (0.86) and stem width with bulb diameter (0.82). Principal component analysis showed the cumulative proportion of the first three components explained 72 percent of total variation. According to the cluster analysis the studied populations were separated into four groups. Among the studied plants, the highest antioxidant activity (85.36%) and total phenolic content (6.76 mg GAE/g fresh weight) were observed in Abnik and Dareh Oson populations, respectively. The results showed that there was a suitable diversity in morphological and biochemical traits in studied populations which have the potential to be used in breeding programs.

Bidaneh sefid is one of major cultivars that grow in West Azerbaijan province. Due to high production and mid ripening, every year huge problems occurs for its fruit marketing. For replacement and establishment of new vineyards, it is essential to use commercial cultivars with acceptable yield and early fruit ripening. To evaluate and compare quantitative and qualitative traits of some Iranian grapevine cultivars (Bidane sefid Qazvin, Khalili sefid) with six foreign cultivars (Thompson seedless, Flame seedless, Perllete, Fiesta, Ruby seedless and Black seedless) this study was carried out from 2010-2012 as RCBD design with four replications in Kahriz Horticulture Research Station, Urmia. Cultivars were prorogated in 2004-2005. Rooted cutting were transferred to the vineyard and trained as high bi lateral cordon system. The measured traits included, yield, berry and bunch length, width and weight, Total Soluble Solid (TSS), Titrable Acidy (TA), pH, shot berry and Bunch Stem Necrosis (BSN) incidence rate and phonological time. In the most measured traits there were significant differences among cultivars and studied years. The maximum mean of fruit yield were recorded in Khalili Sefid, Thompson seedless, flame seedless and Fiesta in three years, respectively. They showed high yield as compared to other grape cultivars. Maximum bunch and berry weight were observed in Fiesta and Ruby seedless cultivars, respectively. The most and the least TSS was recorded in Bidaneh Sefid and Khalili, respectively. Shot berry incidence rate was different among cultivars and studied years. Perllete cultivar was prone to shot berry production. Based on these results, Thompson seedless was acceptable because of earliness in ripening, higher yield with better fruit quality for marketing and is recommended as adapted and more suitable cultivar for cultivation in the Urmia region.

Apple (Malus Miller) belongs to Rosacease family and Pomoideae subfamily. Current apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is a complex hybrid of the apple species. Chromosomal basis of this subfamily are x = 17 and the ploidy levels have been reported for diploid (2n = 34), triploid (2n = 51) and tetraploid (2n = 68). Since Iran is close to the apple diversity regoin (Central Asia), it enjoys a good variation in apple varieties. Despite the high variation in apple cultivars and species in Iran, there is not still a database of genome size. Classification of plants according to their genome size, especially at lower taxonomic levels is important for breeders. Over the past years, several methods for estimation of nuclear DNA content (genome size) was common, but recently, the use of flow cytometry (FCM) has been increasingly used. Flow cytometry is the best method to estimate DNA c-value and ploidy levels in apples. In this study, DNA c-Value and ploidy level of Iranian apple varieties has been estimated by flow cytometry and Propidum iodide staining. Also, given the high levels of phenolic compounds in apples, treating with PVP and PVP1% were performed to evaluate the effect of phenolic compounds on genome size. Finally, Histogram analysis and DNA c-value estimation were done with two software, Partec FlowMax and Flowing software. The difference between means was obtained using SAS software ver. 9.2 and LSD tests. The results showed that all studied cultivars were diploid and genome size obtained from Partec FlowMax ranged from 1.73 to 1.57 pg.

Indigenous genetic resources of every country are the result of millions of years of evolution and adaptation to special climatic conditions. These resources are valuable and necessary to breed and use beneficial genes in current and future research plans. There are many wild flowers and ornamental plants available in Iran’s vast region such as Tulips, Fritillaria, Rose, Poppy, Narcissus, Lily, Iris, Carnation, Gladiolus, Primula and Cyclamens which most of them also have medicinal properties. Extreme climatic changes caused by excessive modern human interference, the development of modern cultivars with a limited genetic base and the development of gene transfer techniques are important factors causing a sharp decline in biodiversity in the past few years. Preservation and reproduction of the available variation in Iran’s flowers and ornamental plants are the initial and necessary steps for the development and implementation of the next major steps in ornamental plants industry.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a multipurpose plant that is important as nutrition, medical, horticulture, landscape and environment. The plant has been cultivated since old Iran and Egypt which is mentioned in Bible and Quran. Origin of the plant is Iran and some neighbour countries, although it is cultivated in many countries, now a day. Botanically, it is classified in Punicaceae and has various varieties and cultivars those known as different names in the countries. Germplasm collections have developed in some countries that help genetic resources while germplasm evaluation has been studied by various methods, but determining distinct number of cultivars is not yet possible because of lacking close and distinct characteristics that are acceptable for scientists. In this review, therefore, origin, dispersion, collections and cultivars were investigated to introduce biodiversity and genetic resources of the plant.

Lily (Lilium L.) is a perennial plant of Liliaceae family ranking as one of the three top bulbaceous flowers of floriculture industry due to its large and attractive flowers. Susan-e-Chelcheragh (Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Boiss.) is the rarest species of the genus naturally occuring only in some limited parts of Iran including Damash، Kalardasht، Asalem، Kojur، Dorfak، Ardebil and in one part of Azerbaijan Republic، namely Lankaran. Kojur region was first recognized throughout this research with no report having previously proved the existence of this plant in this region. This species، which benefits from a great potential of development as an ornamental plant، is presently and unfortunately faced with the risk of species loss. Agro-morphological evaluation of wild relatives of crop plants as valuable genetic pools، beside an accurate estimate of the level and distribution pattern of their genetic diversity، provide information useful not only for the establishment of effective conservation strategies، but also for future breeding programs. Therefore، the present study was aimed at evaluating different populations of L. ledebourii، employing agro-morphological characteristics and multivariate analyses. The results indicated that there existed considerable variations among the studied characteristics which can be taken into account for the selection of plants of desirable traits. In addition، high and significant correlation coefficients were observed between most of the assessed characters with the highest value (r=0. 930) recorded between plant height and stem diameter. Factor analysis led to an identification of characters with high degrees of discrimination، in which the most effective ones were gathered in some five major factors that explained 81. 13% of the total variance. On the other hand، cluster analysis led to classification of genotypes in question into different groups which corresponded mainly to their geographical origins. Plotting of the studied genotypes in three dimensions by use of three main factors resulted in formation of two main groups and five sub-groups in agreement with the results of cluster analysis in most cases. Finally، the eight different populations were grouped into two main clusters including cultivated Dorfak، Ardebil and Damash plants as well as wild growing plants of Kojur، as against the wild populations of Ardebil، Damash، Kalardasht and Asalem as judged through the results obtained from cluster analysis.

Persian Cumin, a medicinal and aromatic plant, belongs to Apiaceae family. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variation in germplasm of Persian Cumin collected from Kerman province using RAPD molecular markers. The Persian Cumin fruits were collected from 43 various regions in Kerman province. DNA was extracted from fruits using modified CTAB method. From the 27 used primers in PCR, 19 primers with better bands were selected for analysis. The 446 polymorphic bands obtained by these primers were scored. The binary matrix was converted to distance matrix by applying Dice similarity coefficient in NTSYS-pc (Ver 2.02) software. Then, the distance matrix was analyzed using UPGMA and the phyllogenic dendrogram was plotted. Based on the results, investigated populations were clustered in 7 groups. The obtained clusters based on RAPD markers to some extent matched with the geographical origin of the studied populations of Persian Cumin. Furthermore, the obtained results of principal component analysis method were similar to the results of cluster analysis. The results indicated that RAPD technique is an efficient tool for assessing genetic diversity in these populations.