جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Cadmium » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

Recently, with the rapid growth of industry and agriculture, the contamination of agricultural soils with the cadmium (Cd) and microplastic particles has become a serious issue. Simultaneous presence of microplastics and Cd in soil can cause various biological effects, especially in the early stages of plant growth. In this research, the effect of Cd stress in the presence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastic particles was investigated in the early stages of the growth of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L., cv. Bastan). The experiment was arranged in a factorial according to the completely randomized design with three replicates based on five concentrations of Cd (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 µM) and PVC microplastic (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6%). The studied traits included percentage and inhibition of germination, rate and mean germination time, seedling vigor index, weight of mobilized seed reserve, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seed reserve depletion percentage, relative seed germination, seedling toxicity level, germination tolerance index and root tolerance index. The results showed that both pollutants led to the decrease of most germination indices, however, certain concentrations of PVC with Cd stress improved the desired indices. So that germination percentage and seed reserve utilization efficiency in 200 µM Cd concentration with 1% of PVC increased by 43.2 and 206%, respectively, compared to the concentration of 200 µM Cd alone. The highest inhibition of germination percentage belonged to 200 μM Cd concentration, which was reduced by 52.4% with the application of 1% microplastic. Although PVC microplastic particles had adverse effects on the germination process of foxtail millet seeds, but in the presence of Cd in the soil, low concentrations of PVC can have some moderating effects on Cd toxicity.

Confronting the crisis of water scarcity and the looming challenge of dwindling water resources is undeniably a grave concern. Consequently, the focus of agricultural science researchers has shifted towards the utilization of wastewater. One of the notable advantages of incorporating wastewater in agriculture is the potential to curtail the expenses associated with procuring irrigation water and employing chemical fertilizers.
 
Sari has a longitude and latitude of 53°01′ E and 36°33′ N, respectively, and its weather conditions are humid according to De-marten's climate classification. Its elevation is 21 above sea level and average annual temperature and precipitation, are17.9 ºC and 650 mm, respectively). In order to evaluate the effect of water stress and urban wastewater on the concentration of heavy metals, yield and some characteristics of basil, an experiment in a factorial format based on a completely randomized design with experimental treatments including; The first factor is the source of irrigation (I): [treated wastewater (TWW) and well water (WW)], and the second factor is water stress (S): [the lowest stress (S1, S2), medium stress (S3, S4) and severe stress (S5, S6)] were performed in three replications at the research farm of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (SANRU), Iran. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using ANOVA of SAS9.2, and the SNK post hoc test was employed to compare treatment means.
 
Based on the findings, Irrigation with wastewater increased plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight compared to irrigation with well water. So that the highest plant height, stem diameter, wet and dry weight were related to irrigation with wastewater with 44.3 cm, 3.1 mm, 8.5 and 3.3 g, respectively. Also, the effect of using treated wastewater on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids was significant (P ≤ 0.01). while it did not have significant effect on flavonoid, phenol and antioxidant activity. In the lowest stress, especially the S1 level, the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid, phenol and antioxidant activity compared to the S6 level decreased by 63.3, 32.8, 40.7, 45.8, 46.3, 55.5, and 9.8%, respectively. while the highest amount of plant height, fresh weight, dry weight and stem diameter at the S1 level was observed with 48.6 cm, 11.5 g, 3.51 g and 3.4 mm, respectively. The result shown that the Pb and Cd concentration in basil under irrigation with wastewater was 3.4 and 2.5 mg.kg-1, respectively, which increased by 13 and 9% compared to well water. Water stress affected the Pb and Cd concentration, but the Cr and Ni concentration did not change significantly. The highest Pb and Cd concentration was related to high stress level S5 and medium stress level S4 and the lowest level was observed in the lowest stress levels (S1 and S2). Also, the results showed that the Pb and Cd concentration was affected by the interaction effect of irrigation source and water stress. Thus, the highest Pb concentration was observed in irrigation with wastewater and water stress levels S4 and S5 with 3.41 and 3.40 mg.kg-1, respectively, and the lowest was related to irrigation with well water and water stress level S1 with 2.2 mg.kg-1. The highest Cd concentration was related to irrigation with wastewater and stress levels S4 and S5 with 2.6 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively, and the lowest amount were observed in well water irrigation and stress levels S1 and S2, with 1.51 and 1.50 mg.kg-1, respectively. while the Cr and Ni concentrations did not significant.
 
Based on the findings of this research, irrigation with treated wastewater and application of water stress had significant effect on the morphological and phytochemical characteristics of basil. while the use of treated wastewater was ineffective on the biochemical characteristics of basil and only water stress conditions affected their levels. The Pb and Cd concentration in basil increased under the influence of irrigation with wastewater and water stress levels. But this increase was lower than the standards authorized reported by the researchers and did not cause much concern. the results shown that the water stress levels S4 and S5 can be considered appropriate in water efficiency and recommend the use of treated wastewater in basil irrigation considering the authorized standards.

Biochar is a new environmental technology that can be used to reduce the accumulation of soil contamination. To evaluate the effects of biochar of cutflower glayolon growth characteristics and the accumulation of heavy metals of lead and cadmium in lettuce, a factorial experiment as a completely randomized design with four replications was conducted and amount of glayol biochar at three levels (0, 5, 10 g/kgsoil), cadmium (0, 10, 20 mg/kg soil) and lead (0, 300, 600 mg/kg soil) were tested. The results showed that the highest amount of lettuce traits including leaf area, height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and fresh and dry weight of root were found at the rate of 5 g glayol biochar /kg soil. Increment of glayol biochar levels from 5 to 10 g/kg soil decreased all mentioned traits. Application of 5 g biochar /kg soil of at the highest concentrations of lead and cadmium decreased the concentration of lead and cadmium in the plant (shoot+root) up to 27.38 and 21.87 %. The highest rate of biochar, lead and cadmium reduced growth traits, and increased the uptake of lead and cadmium in plant tissues and their concentrations in soil. In fact, glayol biochar (5g /kg soil), because of high specific surface area, adsorbed lead and cadmium on their surfaces and cause to reduce the absorption of these two elements and improved growth characteristics in lettuce.

This study in order to investigate the purification of forage safflower plant under heavy cadmium metal contamination conditions by foliar application using of dalgin growth stimulant in a completely randomized design with four replications in the Faculty of Agriculture of Islamic Azad University, Varamin - Pishva Branch in 2019 was conducted.  The applied factors in this study were included cadmium at zero (control), 50 and 100 mg/kg soil levels and dalgin foliar application at zero (control) levels was 1 and 2 per thousand. The results showed that cadmium was decreased shoot length (%31.28), root length (%41.35), wet and dry weight of shoot (%60.46 and %44.69), wet and dry weight of root (%26.77 and %58.11), leaf surface index (%52.05), relative leaf water content (%39.74), chlorophyll (%22.54) and catalase enzyme activity (%10.73) and was increased proline (%164.38), malondialdehyde (%88.1) and cadmium of aerial and root organs concentrations. The most effect of cadmium was obtained in the treatment of 100 mg.kg of soil. It was also observed that the using of dalgin could increase shoot length, root length, wet and dry weight of the shoot and root, leaf surface index, relative leaf water content, chlorophyll and cadmium concentration of aerial and root organs and could decrease proline and malondialdehyde. In general, the most positive effect in using of one per thousand of dalgin was obtained. From the obtained results, it can be found the positive effects of dalgin, especially in the presence of cadmium, and the reduction of the negative effects of stress in the forage safflower. Therefore, the using of one per thousand of dalgin to increase the plant refining of heavy metal cadmium stress by forage safflower is recommended.

Rice is one of the main staple foods which is at the risk of contamination with elements and heavy metals. Given the fact that the entry of heavy metals into the food chain and reaching critical concentrations has adverse metabolic and physiological effects on human beings, assessment of healthiness of produced rice is necessary. The present study aimed to evaluate cadmium, lead and nitrogen elements amount in the rice of the Abraj region of Marvdasht county in Fars province in comparison with national standard. The samples were collected randomly from soil and rice plant (root and grain) in four studied stations in three consecutive months of August, September and October, 2016. The results showed that cadmium and lead content in soil and rice grain were lower than national agricultural standards, which means that the produced rice is not contaminated with cadmium and lead. On the other hand, nitrogen content in soil and rice grain was higher than national agricultural standards, which showed nitrogen-contaminated soil and extra accumulation of nitrogen in the produced rice in this region. Therefore, cadmium and lead-containing fertilizers were adequately used however use of nitrate-containing fertilizers was excessive in this region.

In order to study of lead and cadmium effects onseed germination and enzyme activities an experiment was conducted in seed laboratory of department of agronomy in Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran in 2015 on seed corn. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme with five levels of lead (0, 10, 40, 700 and 100 μM.Lit-1) by five levels cadmium application (0, 10, 40, 700 and 100 μM.Lit-1), with three replicates. The results showed that lead and cadmium effects treatment significantly for all experimental traits. Also with increased concentrations of heavy metals decreased germination percentage, germination rate , plumule dry weight, radicle dry weight, α-amylase enzyme and phosphatase enzyme activity, by contrast catalase enzyme activity was increased. Also interaction between lead and cadmium effect showed the lowest and greatest germination rate respectively 5.68 and 8.92 (Seed per day), radicle dry weight 0.34 and 0.66 (g), α-amylase enzyme 3.3 and 5.9 (IU. g FW-1) and phosphatase enzyme 0.9 and 4.3 (IU. g FW-1) activity was obtained when seed corn was exposure in 100 μM.Lit-1 to lead and cadmium used together respectively.

The present research was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of different amounts of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on the morpho- physiological and biochemical aspects of sweet basil. Pre-treatments of the soil with different concentrations of Cd and Pb was applied two months before starting the experiment in the greenhouse, and then seeds were sown in pots containing contaminated soil, under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that application of cadmium and lead have led to significant changes in morphological traits and reduction in physiological and quality traits including number of lateral shoots, flowering intensities and stem diameter. By increasing concentrations of Cd from 0 to 20 mg. kg-1 soils, the amount of basil cadmium from 0.71 to 3.6 mg. g-1DW and with increasing concentrations of Pb from 0 to 400mg. kg-1 soil, the amount of basil Pb from 0.93 to 4.95 mg. g-1DWwas increased. Different levels of both heavy metals have resulted in significant reduction of SPAD value (22.95 to 13.98) as well as in the amount of chlorophyll a (0.755 to 0.333 mg. g-1 FW) chlorophyll b (0.330 to 0.125 mg. g-1 FW) and carotenoids (0.228 to 0.095 mg.g-1 FW) and photosystem II in chloroplasts (0.834 to 0.422) decreased compared to control plants. According to the increase of Cd and Pb in the plants is harmful and associated with the serious human health, therefore preventing culturing vegetable crops in the heavy metal contaminated soils should be considered.

Biochar reduces the bioavailability of a wide range of pollutants, especially heavy metals (HMs).To evaluate the effects of waste biochar of cutflower rose on growth characteristics and accumulation of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) HMs of in lettuce, a factorial experiment, based on completely randomized design, with four replications was conducted. The amount of rose biochar at 3 levels (0, 5 and 10 g/kg), Cd at 3 levels (0, 10 and 20 mg/kg) and Pb at 3 levels (0, 300, 600 mg/kg) were tested. Results showed that the highest amount of leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoots, and root volume were observed at 5 g/kg level of rose biochar. Increasing the rose-biochar level from 5 to 10 g/kg decreased all traits except height and diameter of shoots. Application of 600 mg/kg Pb decreased the number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of the shoots, fresh and dry weights of roots, and root length by 6.92, 13.38, 18.04, 22.44, 12.66 and 8.61%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The highest amount of fresh and dry weight of shoots and root volume was observed in 5 g/kg rose biochar and 300 mg/kg Pb treatment, and the least amount of all of the abovementioned traits was observed at the highest levels of biochar and Pb. Increasing the level of biochar from zero to 5 and 10 g/kg and 20 mg/kg of Cd reduced the loss of root Cd by 92.9 and 24.17 percent, respectively. In fact, rose biochar (especially at 5 g/kg level) has improved the lettuce growth characteristics by reducing the bioavailability of Pb and Cd in the soil.

To investigate the effect of applying different amounts of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and sewage sludge (SS) on yield and concentration of some heavy metals including nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in organs of green pepper plant, a pot experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. Treatments included control, 5% MSWC, 10% MSWC, 5% SS, 10% SS, 5% MSWC SS, and 10% MSWC SS. Results showed that addition of MSWC and SS increased the yield of pepper (fresh and dry weights). The highest amount of fruit fresh weight was in 10% MSWC SS treatment and the highest amount of fruit dry weight was in 5% SS treatment, such that this increase was about 3.5 times in fresh weight and about 3 times in dry weight, as compared to the control. The shoot yield showed significant increase in fresh and dry weight, too. Application of these fertilizers increased plant height as compared to control. The highest increase was about 28% in 5% SS, as compared to control. Also, adding MSWC and SS caused significant increase in concentration of heavy metals in fruits, leaves, shoots and roots of pepper plant. Increasing the level of fertilizers caused an increase in concentration of heavy metals in the plants. Concentration of Ni of fruits was maximum in all the treatments, except in control and 5% MSWC, and concentration of Cd exceeded the critical level for human in all the treatments, except in control, 10% MSWC and 5% SS. Calculation of transfer index showed that accumulation of heavy metals in pepper plants is mainly in roots and not in the shoots. Cadmium, with transfer index of 0.52, has more mobility in plants, as compared to Pb (index of 0.44) and Ni (index of 0.14).

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the Effects of manure and zeolite on heavy metal (cadmium) adsorption and chlorophyll content of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) an experiment in Factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 at varamin were performed. Treatments were: first factor manure in three levels including 0, 20 and 40 kg/ha and the second factor zeolite in three levels including 0, 10 and 20 kg/ha. Results showed a significant effect of manure and zeolite on stems Cd content, roots Cd content, grain Cd content, absorption factor of Cd, chlorophyll content a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, had a significant effect, but the effect of manure and zeolite on transmission factor was not significant. Interaction between manure and zeolite on chlorophyll content a, total chlorophyll was significant. The maximum and minimum total chlorophyll to 20 ton/ha of zeolite 40 ton/ha of manure and control treatments with 1.153 and 0.852 mg.gfw-1 respectively. Generally, application of manure and zeolite on chlorophyll content and also reduce the absorption of cadmium was significant.

To evaluate the effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soil by plant sunflower, an experiment in the greenhouse, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin in 2013. Factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design experiment consisted of first factor is soil contamination with cadmium at four levels: 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil salinity and the second factor of four levels of NaCl: 0, 2, 4 and 6 dS m. The highest cadmium leaves and stems of treatment (90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and 6 dS m) with an average of 6.33 mg per kg of dry matter and the lowest related to treatment (90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and control) with 13.13 mg per kg and the highest cadmium absorption coefficient in saline (6 dS m 30 mg of cadmium per kg soil) with 0.199 and with the treatment (control 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil 0.095), the highest and lowest percentage of protein and 90 milligrams of cadmium per kilogram of soil control respectively 32 and 23 percent, respectively. The highest percentage of protein in the treatment 6 (dS m) with an average of 38 percent was achieved. The protein content of the control (salinity), respectively. The highest amount of chlorophyll a to control the salinity of 6 dS m with an average of 1.096 and 0.767 mg per gram of fresh weight, respectively. The highest and lowest proline content in 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and control with an average of 621 and 523 micromoles per fresh weight, respectively .Hieghest and lowest relative water content in irrigation and 90 mg of cadmium per kg soil respectively by 76 and 60 percent, respectively. Most RWC control (salinity) with an average of 74 percent was achieved. Lowest levels in treatments 6 (dS m). The result showed that salinity and cadmium on relative water content, proline content, the content of cadmium in leaves and stems, the absorption coefficient of Cd, protein, chlorophyll a significant effect, but the effect EC on oil percent was not significant. Interaction between cadmium and salinity on cadmium content in leaves and stems, cadmium absorption coefficient, chlorophyll A was significant. Salinity increased plant availability and cadmium so that the cadmium content in wheat increased significantly with increasing salinity.

In this research, the interactive effect of cadmium and mycorrhzal symbiosis was studied on growth, nutrients uptake and mycorrhizal colonization percentage in ‘Qazvini’ pistachio seedlings. The experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design as factorial with two factors of mycorrhiza at two levels (with or without mycorrhiza) and cadmium (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 mg l-1). Cadmium caused a reduction in vegetative parameters and increase in leaf abscission percentage. Nutrients uptake was also affected by cadmium where root P, Mg, Fe and Mn reduced. Stem Ca and Zn were increased primarily and then decreased. Leaf Zn, Stem and leaf Mn and root, stem and leaf Cd were increased. Moreover, mycorrhizal colonization of pistachio seedlings improved vegetative parameters under cadmium stress in comparison with non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Cd uptake and translocation was significantly higher in non-mycorrhizal seedlins in comparison with mycorrhizal ones. Mycorrhizal colonization percentage was increased with increasing cadmium levels. In conclusion, mycorrhizal symbiosis with ‘Qazvini’ pistachio seedlings in the presence of Cd, improved nutrients uptake like Mg, Fe and P and reduced Cd uptake and as a result, it reduced the toxicity effects of Cd on plants and maintained their growth.

The current research has been carried out to evaluate the effect of zinc and cadmium on the yield of white radish plant in a calcareous soil using factorial experiments based on completely randomized design with different zinc (0¡ 20 and 50 mg/kg) and cadmium (0¡ 10 and 20 mg/kg) levels and three replications. The results showed that there is no significant difference on shoot dry and wet weight¡ plant height¡ length and number of leaves by pollution increment¡ unlike root of plant. Moreover¡ it has been found that the amount of zinc and cadmium uptake by plant is directly dependent on their concentration in root environment. However¡ the negative interaction of zinc and cadmium was observed in the studied soil and plant. In addition¡ the amount of transfer and accumulation of the aforementioned elements was not the same in different parts of the plant which represents a reduction in transfer coefficient of the metals from root to shoot as one of defensive mechanisms of plant against high densities of heavy metals in soil. Therefore¡ white radish plantation either in polluted soil or its irrigation with polluted water by zinc and cadmium is not recommended due to more accumulation of these metals in the edible parts of plants than other parts examined.

Information of heavy metal toxicity about physiological aspect of lettuce is limited. Therefore an experiment was conducted in CRD designed with 7 replications on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Treatments were cadmium in 3 concentration (0، 2 and 4 mg/L) added to Hoagland solution. Results were shown that increasing in cadmium of nutrient solution caused increasing in SOD، POD antioxidant and proline contents of leaf tissues، in addition، cadmium decreased the amount of fresh weight and organic acid. Applying 2 and 4 mg/L cadmium in nutrient solution produced POD، SOD and Proline around 8 and 53%، 55 and 106%، 39 and 119% in 2 and 4 mg/L cadmium، respectively. Whereas in the same concentrations of cadmium protein decreased 25 and 5 %، respectively. Under cadmium stress، toxic effects decline photosynthesis more than chlorophyll content.

Increasing levels of heavy metal compounds produced as the mining and industrial activities of human are the important source of environmental pollution. In urban areas, ornamental plants can be considered as a tool to remove these pollutants. However, the responses of this group of plants to high concentrations of these pollutants should be determined. This study was performed as a factorial experiment in a CRD. The treatments consisting of cadmium at four levels (0, 20, 40 or 80 mg kg-1 soil) and four doses of Cu (, 20, 40 or 80 mg kg-1 soil). One month after treating the soils inside the pots, hollyhock seedlings were transplanted. Plants were grown for a period of four months and then sampled for content of Cd, Cu, proline content, ion leakage, photosynthetic pigments and some growth parameters determination. The highest concentration of cadmium belonged to 20 and 4 mg kg-1 in the case of roots and to 80 mg kg-1 in the case of shoot parts. The highest values of Cu accumulation in both roots and shoot parts were obtained with application of the highest level of Cu. Increasing Cd and Cu levels, significantly increased proline content and ion leakage but decreased photosynthetic pigments. Generally, it can be suggested that hollyhock plant can be used as a phytoremediator to remove mild levels of Cd and Cu pollutions.

To study the effects of Dioxcid Titanium and nitrogen fertilizer on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Triticale under filtering by plant and cadmium pollution, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on RCBD with three replications at research field and greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch, in 2012. Experimental factors were spraying (normal, balk, 0.01% Dioxcid Titanium and 0.02% Dioxcid Titanium) and Nitrogen Biological fertilizer (lack of fertilizer, Azetobacter, Azosprilium, Azorizobium). Analysis of variance showed significant differences for CAT, SOD, RWC, Grain yield under Dioxcid Titanium and Nitrogen fertilizer and it didn’t show significant differences for CAT, SOD, RWC under interaction between Dioxcid Titanium and Nitrogen fertilizer.

In order to eavaluted the some Crop species for Remedation of Heavy metal Cadmium (Cd) In Contaminated soils under Greenhouse condition, an experiment was conducted in experimental Greenhouse of Islamic Azad University of Karaj branch in 2009-2010 year. The studies were carried out in a Factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replactions.The factors were Cadmium doses into soil at three levels (0, 40 and 80 mg/kg) and Crop species at three levels (Annual alfalfa (Medicago rigidula), Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) and Canola (Barassica napus)). Results showed that Cadmium doses into soil had significant effect on all of Experiment characteristics. Whereas Crop species only had significant effect on Cadmium concentration in Shoot parts, Biochemical Biomarker Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Chlorophyll (a). Between deferent Crop species, Canola with 34.19 (mg/kg.dw) and Hairy vetch with 19.23 (mg/kg.dw) were highest and lowest Cadmium concentration in Shoot parts, respectively. Hairy vetch with 4.02 (mg/g.Fw) and Alfalfa with 3.76 (mg/g.Fw) were highest and lowest Chlorophyll (a) Contents, respectively. Olso, Canola with 37.13 (μMol/g.Fw) and Alfalfa with 33.70 (μMol/g.Fw) were highest and lowest Biochemical Biomarker Malondialdehyde (MDA) Contents, respectively. Results showed that Cadmium dose 80 (mg/kg.dw) have highest Cd concentration in Shoot parts and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Contents with 55.51 (mg/kg.dw) and 38.72 (μMol/g.Fw), respectively and Cadmium dose 0 (mg/kg.dw) have lowest their traits. With increase Cd doses into soil, content of Chlorophyll (a), (b) and (a+b) and Antioxidant Enzyme Superoxid Dismutase was decreased.

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal which is toxic to human، plants and all other organisms. Among heavy metals، Cd mobility and phytoavailability in soils is of great concern due to the fact that even at low concentrations may cause toxicity. Thus its behavior in soils needs further investigation. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to examine the effect of Cd and two zinc (Zn) sources (sulfate and chelate) on spinach growth and some nutrients concentration، in a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of three Cd levels (5، 10 and 20 mg/kg soil as cadmium sulfate) and four Zn levels (0، 5، 10 and 20 mg/kg soil either sulfate or chelate) in three replicates. The results indicated that Cd application significantly decreased dry weight of spinach while Zn decreased the adverse effects of Cd. Increasing Cd level increased the concentration of this element in spinach shoot. Both sources of Zn significantly decreased Cd concentration in spinach aerial part. Cadmium application significantly decreased Zn and manganese (Mn) concentration in spinach shoot، but had no significant effect on iron (Fe) concentration. Both Zn sources decreased Mn and Fe concentration in spinach shoot. Based on achieved results of this study، it seems that Zn fertilizers application، especially Zn-sulfate، is useful to reduce the adverse effects of Cd on plants in soils contaminated with Cd.

Cadmium is one of the contaminant elements which inter to the soil in different ways like fertilizer. Many researchers reported the beneficial effects of zeolite on soil remediation. For this purpose a factorial experiment in complete randomized block design with two treatment, zeolite at three levels (0,1 and 2 ton.ha-1) and Cadmium at three levels (0,3 and 6 mg/kg) with three replication on lettuce plant was conducted. The results showed that to enhancing Zeolite application, Cadmium concentration declined in root and shoot. This result demonstrated that Cd had negative effect on growth of plants, however Zeloite had positive effect Also, it concluded that the most effective treatment on decreasing Cadmium concentration was obtained with 2 ton.ha-1 zeolite.