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Leptin

در نشریات گروه پزشکی
  • Yudith Escobar-Zuñiga, Francisco Delgado-Vargas, José Angel López-Valenzuela, Jesús Ricardo Parra-Unda, José Geovanni Romero-Quintana, Guadalupe Loarca-Piña, Margarita Del Socorro Dávila-Paredes, Karen Virginia Pineda-Hidalto, Gabriela López-Angulo *
    Background

    Treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are not universally effective, underscoring the need for new therapeutic alternatives. Extracts of Echeveria subrigida have demonstrated potent in vitro activities, such as antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, as well as in vivo activities, including hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic, immunomodulatory, and adaptogenic effects.

    Objectives

    The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic mechanisms of ethanolic (EEEs) and methanolic (MEEs) extracts of E. subrigida , standardized for isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (I3G), in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

    Methods

    The E. subrigida extracts, EEEs and MEEs, were obtained by maceration and standardized for the content of I3G. The antidiabetic effect was evaluated using STZ-induced diabetic rats, which were randomly allocated to experimental groups (n = 6). Isorhamnetin (ISO) and metformin (MET) treatments served as positive controls. Parameters were measured at least in triplicate, and means were compared using the Fisher test (P < 0.05). The following evaluations were conducted: Levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), leptin, and inflammatory-related cytokines in serum; expression of proteins in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways; transcriptional expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) in liver tissue; and histology of the liver and pancreas.

    Results

    All treatments, except ISO, demonstrated antidiabetic effects, with glucose levels in MET (183.75 ± 61.89 mg/dL) and MEEs (168.00 ± 48.10 mg/dL) rats comparable to healthy control (HC) rats (109.25 ± 6.11 mg/dL). Leptin levels decreased in diabetic control (DC) rats (0.17 ± 0.07 ng/mL), while levels in the EEEs (0.65 ± 0.06 ng/mL) and MEEs (0.77 ± 0.09 ng/mL) groups were similar to those of the HC group (0.71 ± 0.19 ng/mL). The levels (pg/mL) of cytokines (IL-10, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-4) were elevated in DC rats (72.26 ± 12.91, 36.72 ± 2.91, 4.56 ± 0.63, and 16.34 ± 2.06, respectively), but were effectively reduced in rats treated with EEEs (29.64 ± 2.86, 9.85 ± 2.92, 1.11 ± 0.24, and 6.71 ± 1.15, respectively) and MEEs (26.65 ± 5.31, 7.30 ± 1.89, 1.25 ± 0.28, and 5.55 ± 0.43, respectively). Liver histology showed nearly normal structures, although pancreatic histology revealed hypertrophied Langerhans islets across all DM2 groups. The Akt activation and inactivation of AS160 by phosphorylation were detected in the livers of EEEs and MEEs rats without AMPK activation. Additionally, these groups expressed the SREBP-1c mRNA.

    Conclusions

    The EEEs and MEEs exhibited antidiabetic activity via the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting E. subrigida as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes.

    Keywords: Diabetes, Antidiabetic Mechanism, PI3K, Akt Pathway, Crassulaceae, Leptin, Cytokines
  • سعید رضایی، مهتاب معظمی*، ناهید بیژه، علیرضا حسینی کاخک، محمد مسافری ضیاءالدینی
    مقدمه و هدف
    بافت چربی با آزادسازی آدیپوکاین ها نقش مهمی در متابولیسم و التهاب بدن دارد و محدودیت کالری و تمرین تداومی با تاثیر بر بافت چربی می تواند بر التهاب و روند پیری تاثیر بگذارد، لذا هدف این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر محدودیت کالریک و تمرین تداومی بر بیان ژن لپتین، آدیپونکتین، نسبت آدیپونکتین به لپتین و مقاومت به انسولین در موش های سفید بزرگ آزمایشگاهی های سالمند بود.
    مواد و روش ها
    36 موش های سفید بزرگ آزمایشگاهی سالمند (26 ماه) ویستار نر به طور تصادفی به چهار گروه تقسیم شدند: کنترل، محدودیت کالریک، تمرین تداومی و محدودیت کالریک+ تمرین تداومی. پروتکل تمرین تداومی و محدودیت کالری به مدت شش هفته و هر هفته 5 جلسه انجام شد. سپس از بافت چربی اپیدیدیم موش های سفید بزرگ آزمایشگاهی نمونه برداری انجام شد و از روش Real Time PCR برای اندازه گیری بیان ژن های آدیپونکتین و لپتین استفاده شد. برای مقاومت به انسولین، شاخص HOMA-IR گزارش شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری با استفاده از آزمون آنالیز کروسکال-والیس و یومن ویتنی و در سطح معنادار 05/0 صورت پذیرفت.
    نتایج
    نتایج نشان داد که بیان ژن آدیپونکتین در گروه های محدودیت کالری و تمرین تداومی افزایش معنی داری یافته است اما در گروه محدودیت کالری به همراه تمرین تداومی بیان ژن آدیپونکتین کاهش یافته است. از سوی دیگر، نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنی داری بین گروه‎ ها در بیان ژن لپتین، نسبت بیان ژن آدیپونکتین به لپتین و مقاومت به انسولین در بافت چربی وجود ندارد.
    نتیجه گیری
    نشان دادند که در حالی که محدودیت کالری و تمرین تداومی اثرات مفیدی بر افزایش بیان ژن آدیپونکتین دارند اما ترکیب آنها ممکن است همیشه به هم افزایی منجر نشود.
    کلید واژگان: تمرین تداومی، محدودیت کالری، سالمندی، آدیپونکتین، لپتین، مقاومت به انسولین
    Saeed Rezaee, Mahtab Moazzami *, Nahid Bijeh, Alireza Hosseini Kakhk, Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini
    Background and Objective
    Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in body metabolism and inflammation by releasing adipokines. Both caloric restriction and continuous exercise can impact adipose tissue and affect inflammation and the aging process. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the effect of caloric restriction and continuous exercise on the expression of the leptin gene, adiponectin, the ratio of adiponectin to leptin, and insulin resistance in aged rats.
    Materials and Methods
    The study included a total of 36 aged male Wistar rats (26 months old), randomly divided into four groups: control, restriction, caloric, and continuous exercise, as well as caloric restriction+continuous exercise. The rats underwent a six-week continuous training protocol, with five sessions per week. Samples were then taken from the epididymal fat tissue of the rats, and Real-Time PCR was used to measure the expression of the adiponectin and leptin genes. Statistical analysis was conducted using non-parametric statistics.
    Results
    The statistical tests showed that the expression of the adiponectin gene significantly increased in the caloric restriction and continuous exercise groups. However, in the caloric restriction+continuous exercise group, the expression of the adiponectin gene decreased. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in leptin gene expression, the ratio of adiponectin to leptin gene expression, or insulin resistance in fat tissue among the groups.
    Conclusion
    These findings suggest that while caloric restriction and continuous exercise have beneficial effects on increasing adiponectin gene expression, their combination may not always result in synergy.
    Keywords: Continuous Training, Calorie Restriction, Aging, Adiponectin, Leptin, Insulin Resistance
  • Sen Lin, Yuzhi Hu, Shuqiao Ding, Yazhe Hu *
    Objective (s)

    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-conditioning exercise on body lipid metabolism, leptin secretion, and the downstream pathways at the early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

    Materials and Methods

    The T2DM model was established using an 8-week high-sugar, high-fat diet combined. The T2DM model was established using an 8-week high-sugar, high-fat diet combined with streptozocin (STZ) injection. Two exercise interventions, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) were performed during the model-building process. One week following the STZ injection, rats were euthanized. Blood, gastrocnemius muscle, and epididymal fat pad were collected. Plasma leptin content was measured by ELISA. The expression of leptin-mRNA in epididymal adipose tissue was measured using RT-qPCR, and its protein expression was detected by a western blot. Leptin, leptin-R, and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) - ACC (Acetyl-CoA carboxylase) expression in gastrocnemius muscle was also detected by western blot. Free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) contents in gastrocnemius muscle were measured using a biochemical assay.

    Results

    In the HIIT group, glucose tolerance and leptin receptor expression increased, as did the expression and phosphorylation of AMPK protein. At the early stage of T2DM, it increased significantly in the gastrocnemius muscle in the MICT group.

    Conclusion

    At the early stage of T2DM, pre-conditioning exercise in the form of HIIT was found to inhibit the leptin-mRNA expression in adipose tissue, suppress leptin synthesis, up-regulate AMPK-ACC signaling pathway, and promote lipid decomposition in skeletal muscle tissue. Pre-conditioning of MICT led to the accumulation of FFA and TG in skeletal muscle, likely due to exercise adaptation rather than ectopic deposition of lipids.

    Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, High-Intensity Interval Training, Leptin, Lipid Metabolism, Sports Medicine
  • Gisou Barid Oliaei, Leila Mirzaeian, Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah, Mahdiyeh Sarabadani, Parichehreh Yaghmaei, Shahryar Farahmand Giglou, Paul Mozdziak, Ehsan Ehsani*, Seyed Shamsadin Athari
    Introduction

    Many studies have shown that asthma is characterized by inflammation of the airway and infiltration of eosinophil cells (EOSCs). It has also shown that during pregnancy, the level of leptin, as a regulator of immune responses, increases with the progression of the pregnancy process. In this study, the effect of asthma on inflammatory factors was evaluated in the lung and uterine tissues of asthmatic pregnant or non-pregnant mice.

    Methods

    In this experimental study, 40 female Balb/c mice (8 weeks old) were classified into 4 groups, and asthma by ovalbumin (OVA) at a concentration of 20 μg/100μl was induced. Lung and uterus tissues were histopathologically evaluated for the presence of inflammation. The level of leptin hormone in blood serum was investigated using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, Interleukin-8 (IL-8), forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3), eosinophil chemotactic protein (eotaxin), and mucin 5AC (Muc5ac) gene expression were measured in respiratory and uterine cells by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001). 

    Results

    Morphological assessment of inflammation in lung tissue showed a significant increase in asthmatic groups compared to healthy groups. Hormone measurement revealed a significant rise in leptin levels in pregnant groups compared to non-pregnant groups. Also, the expression level of IL-8, Foxp3, eotaxin, and Muc5ac genes increased in pregnancy compared to negative control.

    Conclusion

    In asthma, inflammation rate increases at the cellular and molecular levels, and the leptin increment might have an influence on the inflammation.

    Keywords: Asthma, Pregnancy, Eosinophils Cell, Leptin, Inflammatory Factors
  • Nafiseh Amani-Ekhtesar, Parichehreh Yaghmaei, Azadeh Ebrahim Habibi, Leyla Karkhaneh*
    Introduction

    The objective of the study was to find out the influence of Thioflavin-T (ThT) on obesity and fatty liver by investigating the adipokine hormones, and insulin serum level of male NMRI mice which were exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD).

    Methods

    50 adult male NMRI mice were separated into five groups: n=10. The control group was given a standard diet at twelve-week intervals. The sham group was nourished with HFD that lasted for 8 weeks, afterwards, the group received a standard diet and solvent water (0.5ml) by gavage (4 weeks). The experimental groups 1-3 were nourished with HFD (4% cholesterol, 60% fat) eight-week period. Then, the treatment period started in experimental groups by receiving a normal diet in addition to ThT with three doses (5,10 and 15 mg/kg, 0.5ml), via gavage (4 weeks). 

    Results

    HFD contributed to a substantial reduction in serum adiponectin levels and increased leptin serum in the sham group opposite to the control group (P< 0.001). However, the concentration of both adipokine hormones was significantly modified under the treatment of ThT in a dose-dependent manner. Insulin serum increased in the sham group significantly (P< 0.001), meanwhile, a significant decrease was shown in experimental groups 2, and 3 than in the sham group (P<0.01). ThT also reduced HOMA-IR in experimental groups. The introduction of ThT in varying doses led to the induction of polymorphonuclear cells in the liver tissue.

    Conclusion

    Our findings propose that ThT can affect liver function and body weight by modulating the serum levels of adipokine hormones besides decreasing the level of insulin and HOMA-IR in mice fed with HFD.

    Keywords: Adiponectin, Leptin, Fatty Liver, Obesity, Thioflavin-T
  • Fatemeh Khademi, Parimah Pournaghi, Ali Vafaei, Kamyab Hassanpour, Mitra Bakhiari, Kamran Mansouri, Bijan Soleymani*
    Background

    Infertility affects about 15% of couples during reproductive age and male factor infertility accounts for half of these cases. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of leptin, KISS1, leptin receptor, and HOTAIR genes in blood and semen samples of individuals diagnosed with oligospermia in comparison to healthy controls.

    Methods

    In the current investigation, we studied 36 semen and 30 blood samples from fertile oligospermic men as well as the same number of healthy controls. RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to assess the gene expression levels. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph Pad Prism software. The results were reported as mean±SEM and any P< 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

    Results

    A significant increase in the expression of the leptin gene in infertile males, particularly in semen samples (P< 0.001) was found when compared to the healthy controls. On the other hand, significant decrease in the expression of the KISS1 (P< 0.0001) and HOTAIR (P< 0.001) genes, particularly in semen samples were found when compared to the controls. As it was shown, the expression of leptin receptor had no significant effects on male infertility. Additionally, there may be a potential correlation between the expression of HOTAIR and the leptin and KISS1 genes, with a negative correlation observed between HOTAIR and leptin, and a positive correlation between HOTAIR and KISS1 in both blood and semen samples. However, further investigations are necessary to establish the statistical significance of these correlations.

    Conclusion

    According to the results, leptin, KISS1, and HOTAIR genes seem to be affected in oligospermia, however, further studies with higher sample sizes are necessary.

    Keywords: Ene Expression, HOTAIR Long Non-Coding RNA, Infertility, Kiss1, Leptin, Leptin Receptor
  • امید ظفرمند*، مهرزاد مقدسی، مهدی مقرنسی
    مقدمه

     لپتین و آدیپونکتین دو هورمون پپتیدی تنظیم کننده تعادل انرژی هستند. فعالیت بدنی می تواند موجب بهبود مقادیر پلاسمایی لپتین و آدیپونکتین شود. هدف مطالعه حاضر، تاثیر تمرین هوازی بر مقادیر پلاسمایی لپتین و آدیپونکتین در کودکان و نوجوانان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق بود. 

    مواد و روش ها

    جستجو در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی پابمد، وب آو ساینس، اسکوپوس، جهاد دانشگاهی و مگیران؛ تا ژانویه سال  2024  انجام شد. فراتحلیل حاضر برای بررسی اثر تمرین هوازی بر مقادیر پلاسمایی لپتین و آدیپونکتین در کودکان و نوجوانان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق انجام شد. تفاوت میانگین و فاصله اطمینان 95% (CI) با استفاده از مدل اثر تصادفی محاسبه شد. ناهمگونی با استفاده از آزمون I2 و سوگیری انتشار با تحلیل بصری فونل پلات و آزمون Egger بررسی شدند. 

    یافته ها

    در مجموع 21 مطالعه با (28 نوع مداخله ورزشی) 816  کودک و نوجوان دارای اضافه وزن و یا چاقی فراتحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تمرین هوازی سبب کاهش معنادار لپتین سرمی [0/001=P، (0/57- الی  0/19-) 0/387-=SMD] و افزایش معنادار آدیپونکتین سرمی [0/001=P، (0/25  الی  0/60) 0/430= WMD] نسبت به گروه شاهد در کودکان و نوجوانان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق شد. 

    نتیجه گیری

    به طور کلی نتایج فراتحلیل حاضر نشان داد که اجرای تمرین هوازی روشی موثر و سودمند برای کاهش سطوح گردش خونی لپتین و افزایش آدیپونکتین در کودکان و نوجوانان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق است. بنابراین به نظر می رسد که اجرای انواع تمرین هوازی می تواند یک مداخله غیردارویی و کاربردی برای تنظیم آدیپوکاین ها و کاهش اختلالات مرتبط با اضافه وزن و چاقی در کودکان و نوجوانان باشد.

    کلید واژگان: تمرین هوازی، لپتین، آدیپونکتین، کودکان و نوجوانان، چاق
    O. Zafarmand*, M. Moghadasi, M .Mogharnasi
    Introduction

    Leptin and adiponectin are two peptide hormones that regulate energy balance. Physical activity can improve plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic training on plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin in overweight and obese children and adolescents. 

    Materials and Methods

    The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, and Magiran databases until January 2024. The present meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic training on plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Mean difference and %95 confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test and publication bias was evaluated by visual analysis of the funnel plot and Egger's test. 

    Results

    A total of 21 studies with (28 interventions) 816 overweight or obese children and adolescents were meta-analyzed. The results showed that aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in serum leptin [P=0.001, (-0.57 to -0.19) SMD=-0.387] and a significant increase in serum adiponectin [P=0.001, (0.25 to 0.60) WMD=0.430] became overweight and obese compared to the control group. 

    Conclusion

    In general, the results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that aerobic exercise is an effective and beneficial exercise method for reducing leptin blood circulation and increasing adiponectin in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Therefore, it seems that types of aerobic exercise may be a non-pharmacological and practical intervention to regulate adipokines and reduce disorders related to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

    Keywords: Aerobic Training, Leptin, Adiponectin, Children, Adolescents, Obesity
  • Shaymaa Abd Hasan *, Basma Salman Abdul Hammed, Qasim Mohammed Banjah
    Background & Objective

    Primary infertility affects a significant proportion of couples and is often attributed to female factors. Obesity, which is associated with increased levels of the hormone leptin, is a known risk factor for female infertility. The present study was conducted with aim to investigate the association between BMI and leptin levels in females with primary infertility.

    Materials & Methods

    This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 women with primary infertility at Al-Nuaman Hospital and Al-Salama private hospital from September 2022 to March 2023. The participants were divided into four groups: Group 1 (normal weight, fertile), Group 2 (overweight infertile), Group 3 (obese infertile), and Group 4 (severely obese infertile) women, each consisting of 25 participants, categorized based on their BMI: normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m²), overweight BMI (25–29.9 kg/m²), obesity BMI (≥30 kg/m²), and severely obese BMI (35-40 kg/m²). The mean leptin levels were compared between the four groups using ANOVA, and the association between BMI and leptin levels was assessed using Pearson''s correlation coefficient.

    Results

    There was a highly significant correlation between primary infertility and the parameters (BMI and leptin) (P

    Keywords: Body Mass Index, Leptin, Primary Infertility, Female Infertility
  • سجاد رمضانی، معرفت سیاه کوهیان*
    مقدمه

    هدف مطالعه مروری حاضر بررسی و تحلیل مطالعات اخیر در ارتباط با اثر تمرین های ورزشی مختلف بر آدیپوکاین های مترشحه از بافت چربی در بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو است.

    روش ها

    جستجو در بانک های اطلاعاتی فارسی و لاتین PubMed، ScienceDirect،Google scholar، Magiran و SID با کلیدواژه های Aerobic Training، Resistance Training، High- Intensity Interval Training،Diabetes ، Adipokine، Leptin، Adiponectin و Resistin، تمرین مقاومتی، تمرین تناوبی شدید، تمرین استقامتی، تمرین ترکیبی، آدیپوکاین، لپتین، آدیپونکتین و رزیستین برای بازیابی مقالات منتشر شده در بازه زمانی 2010 تا 2023 انجام شد.

    یافته ها

    نتایج به دست آمده از بررسی مطالعات نشان داد، تمرین هوازی با شدت های (50 تا 80 درصد) باعث کاهش سطوح لپتین بیماران دیابتی می شود، با این حال اثر تمرین های ترکیبی (هوازی و مقاومتی) نسبت به سایر انواع تمرین ها به مراتب بیشتر است. علاوه بر این تمرین های هوازی با شدت های (50 تا 70 درصد) منجر به افزایش سطوح آدیپونکتین در بیماران دیابتی می شود، با این حال تمرین های تناوبی شدید (HIIT) نسبت به سایر تمرین ها اثر بیشتری در آفزایش سطوح آدیپونکتین داشت. همچنین مطالعات نشان داد که هر سه نوع تمرین هوازی (با شدت 50 تا 70 درصد)، تناوبی شدید و تمرین مقاومتی (30 تا 70 درصد 1RM) اثرات یکسانی در کاهش سطوح رزستین بیماران دیابتی دارد.

    نتیجه گیری

    تمرین های هوازی با شدت متوسط و بالا و به خصوص تمرین های ترکیبی (هوازی و مقاومتی) ضمن بهبود آدیپوکاین ها، باعث کاهش سطوح لپتین و رزیستین، و همچنین افزایش آدیپونکتین در بیماران دیابتی می شود.

    کلید واژگان: تمرین ورزشی، لپتین، رزیستین، ادیپونکتین، آدیپوکاین، دیابت نوع دو
    Sajjad Ramezani, Marefat Siahkouhian*
    Background

    This review aims to investigate and analyze recent studies related to the effects of various exercise training on adipokines secreted from adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Methods

    Search in Persian and Latin databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID with the keywords aerobic exercise, resistance training, High-intensity interval training, diabetes, Adipokine, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Resistin, resistance training, intense interval training, aerobic exercise, combined exercise, adipokine, leptin, adiponectin and resistin were performed to retrieve articles published in the period from 2010 to 2023.

    Results

    The results obtained from the study showed that aerobic exercise with moderate intensity (60 to 80%) reduces the leptin levels of diabetic patients, however, the effect of combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) is much greater than other types of exercises. In addition, aerobic exercises with moderate intensity (50 to 70%) lead to an increase in adiponectin levels in diabetic patients, however, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) had a greater effect in increasing adiponectin levels than other exercises. Also, studies showed that all three types of activities, aerobic exercise (50-70% intensity), intense intermittent exercise, and resistance exercise (30-70% 1RM) have the same effects in reducing the resistance levels of diabetic patients.

    Conclusion

    Aerobic exercises with medium and high intensity and especially combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) while improving adipokines, decreasing leptin and resistin levels, and also increasing adiponectin in diabetic patients.

    Keywords: Exercise Training, Leptin, Resistin, Adiponectin, Adipokine, Type 2 Diabetes
  • فاطمه کااظمی نسب*، نفیسه حسن پور
    مقدمه

    لپتین و آدیپونکتین، آدیپوکین هایی هستند که توسط سلول های چربی تولید می شوند و در بیماری چاقی نقش مهمی دارند. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی مقایسه اثر رژیم غذایی کم کالری (LCD) و تمرین ورزشی (Exe) بر لپتین و آدیپونکتین در میانسالان و سالمندان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق بود.

    روش ها

    جستجوی سیستماتیک در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی PubMed، Web of Science، SID، Magiran و Google scholar برای مقالات انگلیسی و فارسی منتشر شده تا مرداد ماه سال 1402 انجام شد. اندازه اثر و فاصله اطمینان 95 درصد با استفاده از مدل اثر تصادفی محاسبه شد.

    یافته ها

    نتایج 25 مطالعه با 2063 میانسال و سالمند دارای اضافه وزن و چاق نشان داد که ترکیب تمرین ورزشی و رژیم غذایی نسبت به Exe سبب کاهش معنادار لپتین]001/0P=  ،4/0- = [SMDو افزایش معنادار آدیپونکتین]02/0P= ، 17/0 = [SMDدر میانسالان و سالمندان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق شد. در مقابل LCD نسبت به Exe سبب تغییر معنادار لپتین سرمی]1/0P=  ،16/0- =[SMD و آدیپونکتین]7/0P= ، 05/0 = [SMDدر میانسالان و سالمندان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق نشد. همچنین ترکیب تمرین ورزشی و رژیم غذایی نسبت به LCD سبب تغییر معنادار لپتین]2/0P= ، 11/0- = [SMDو آدیپونکتین]8/0P= ، 02/0 =[SMD در میانسالان و سالمندان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق نشد.

    نتیجه گیری

    پیشنهاد می شود میانسالان و سالمندان برای دستیابی هیپولپتینمی و هایپرآدیپونکتینمی، ترکیبی از مداخلات تمرین ورزشی و رژیم غذایی کم کالری را در سبک زندگی خود قرار دهند.

    کلید واژگان: رژیم غذایی کم کالری، لپتین، آدیپونکتین، تمرین ورزشی، سالمندی
    Fatemeh Kazeminasab*, Nafiseh Hasanpour
    Background

    Leptin and adiponectin are adipokines produced by fat cells and play an important role in obesity. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of low-calorie diet (LCD) and exercise (Exe) on leptin and adiponectin in middle-aged and elderly adults with overweight and obesity.

    Methods

    A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, and Google scholar databases for English and Persian articles published until August 2023. The effect size and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random effect model.

    Results

    The results of 25 studies with 2063 middle-aged and elderly people with overweight and obesity showed that the combination of exercise and diet compared to exercise alone causes a significant decrease in serum leptin [SMD=-0.4, P=0.001], and a significant increase in serum adiponectin [SMD=0.17, P=0.02] in middle-aged and elderly adults with overweight and obesity. Also, findings showed that the diet compared to exercise alone causes a decrease in serum leptin [SMD=-0.16, P=0.1], and a significant increase in serum adiponectin [SMD=0.05, P=0.7] in middle-aged and elderly adults with overweight and obesity. Also, diet compared to exercise alone does not cause a significant change in serum leptin [SMD=-0.11, P=0.2], and serum adiponectin [SMD=0.02, P=0.8] in middle-aged and elderly adults with overweight and obesity.

    Conclusion

    It is suggested that middle-aged and elderly people to achieve hypoleptinemia and hyperadiponectinemia, use a combination Include exercise training and low-calorie diet in your lifestyle.

    Keywords: low-calorie diet, leptin, Adiponectin, Exercise, Aging
  • Fatemeh Poodineh, Abbas Salehikia*, Maryam Banparvari, Zahra Raghi
    Introduction

    Osteoporosis, characterized by diminished bone mass and increased fracture susceptibility, prompts the investigation into the impact of a four-month TRX training regimen on femur neck bone mineral density (BMD) and its correlation with serum leptin levels in women with osteopenia.

    Material & Methods

    In this quasi-experimental study, 30 women with osteopenia were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to TRX training (n = 15) or control (n = 15) groups. The intervention group underwent TRX exercises thrice weekly for 45-60 minutes per session for four months. Blood samples collected at baseline and post-intervention measured serum leptin levels via ELISA kit (Bio vendor, Czech Republic), while Dexa Lexxos Digital (2D model, USA) determined femur neck BMD. SPSS 20 software, dependent/independent samples t-tests, and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis.

    Results

    TRX training significantly increased femur neck BMD, reducing serum adiponectin levels versus the control group (P = 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively). Compared to baseline, TRX training raised femur neck BMD and lowered serum leptin levels (P = 0.000 and P = 0.01, respectively). A significant inverse correlation emerged between femoral neck BMD and serum leptin levels in women with osteopenia (P = 0.00).

    Conclusion

    Findings suggest that TRX resistance training holds promise for enhancing the rehabilitation of women with osteopenia

    Keywords: Osteopenia, TRX Exercise, Femur Neck Bone Mineral Density, Leptin
  • مریم صالحی، فهیمه اسفرجانی*، ستار گرگانی فیروزجایی
    زمینه و هدف اختلالات متابولیکی ناشی از چاقی در ارتباط با سندرم متابولیک است. هدف تحقیق حاضر تعیین اثر تمرینات تناوبی شدتبالا بر شاخص تودهی بدن و سطوح سرمی لپتین، آسپروسین، انسولین و گلوکز ناشتا در زنان چاق غیرفعال است.روش بررسی در تحقیق نیمهتجربی حاضر، 24 زن چاق کمتحرک بهصورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند و بهصورت تصادفی، به 2 گروه 12 نفرهشامل گروه های تمرینات تناوبی شدت بالا و کنترل تقسیم شدند. مداخلهی ورزشی به مدت 10 هفته، 3 جلسه در هفته بهصورت تمریناتتناوبی شدت بالا بود و در طول دورهی تحقیق، گروه کنترل مداخلهی ورزشی دریافت نکرد. 24 ساعت قبل از شروع مداخله و 72 ساعتپس از آخرین جلسهی تمرین، خونگیری بهصورت ناشتا انجام شد. بهمنظور تجزیهوتحلیل آماری از آزمونهای تی وابسته و تحلیلکوواریانس استفاده شد.یافته ها نتایج نشان داد که پس از دورهی مداخلات، کاهش معنیداری در آسپروسین) 003 / 0 = P ، 390 / 0 = F ، 352 / 0 = 2η(، لپتین(001 / 0 > P ، 229 / 19 = F ، 478 / 0 = η2 (و انسولین) 001 / 0 > P ، 828 / 44 = F ، 681 / 0 = η2 (در گروه تمرینات تناوبی شدت بالا نسبت بهگروه کنترل مشاهده شد) 05 / 0 > P (. ولی تفاوت معنیداری در شاخص تودهی بدن و قند خون ناشتا مشاهده نشد) 05 / 0 < P .)نتیجه گیری در مجموع، نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که تمرینات تناوبی شدت بالا بدون تغییر وزن، اثرهای مثبتی بر سایتوکینهایمرتبط با متابولیسم انرژی و هیپرانسولینمی در زنان چاق دارد.
    کلید واژگان: چاقی، تمرین ورزشی، آسپروسین، لپتین، انسولین
    Maryam Salehi, Fahimeh Esfarjani *, Sattar Gorgani Firoozjaei
    Background and Objectives Obesity-induced metabolic disorders are related to the metabolic syndrome. The present study aimed to assess the effect of high-intensity interval training on body mass index (BMI) and serum levels of leptin, asprosin, insulin, and fasting glucose in inactive obese women. Subjects and Methods In this quasi-experimental research, 24 sedentary obese women were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two groups of exercise and control(n=12 in each group). The intervention involved three sessions of high-intensity weekly interval training per week for 10 weeks. The control group did not receive any exercise intervention. Fasting blood samples were obtained 24 hours before the commencement of the intervention and 72 hours after the last training session. Statistical analysis involved paired sample t-tests and covariance analysis. Results Based on the results, after the intervention, there was a significant decrease in asprosin (η2=0.352; F=0.390; P=0.003), leptin (η2=0.478; F=19.229; P< 0.001) and insulin (η2=0.681; F=44.828; P<0.001) levels in the intervention group compared to the control group. Nonetheless, no significant difference was observed in BMI and fasting blood glucose (P>0.05). Conclusion As evidenced by the results of this research, high-intensity interval training had positive effects on cytokines related to energy homeostasis and hyperinsulinemia in obese women without causing any weight change.
    Keywords: Asprosin, Exercise training, insulin, leptin, Obesity
  • حمیرا شیخ امینی، کاظم خدائی*
    مقدمه و هدف

    ورزش و رژیم غذایی دو مداخله ی اصلی برای کنترل چاقی هستند. هدف مطالعه ی حاضر بررسی تاثیر تمرین اینتروال شدید طی رژیم کتوژنیک (HIIT-KD) و تمرین هوازی مداوم با شدت متوسط طی رژیم کتوژنیک (MICT-KD) بر اشتها و هورمون های اشتها و ترکیب بدنی زنان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق بود.

    روش کار

    پژوهش حاضر از نوع نیمه تجربی است. 36  زن غیرفعال دارای اضافه وزن یا چاق در مطالعه شرکت کردند و به طور تصادفی، به سه گروه رژیم غذایی کتوژنیک (KD)، MICT-KD و HIIT-KD تقسیم شدند. گروه های تمرینی به مدت شش هفته و هر هفته، سه جلسه تمرین دویدن به صورت اینتروال با شدت 85 تا 95 درصد ضربان قلب بیشینه و مداوم  با شدت 60 تا 70 درصد ضربان قلب بیشینه همراه با پیروی از رژیم کتوژیک انجام دادند. برای اندازه گیری هورمون ها، خون گیری ناشتا در قبل و بعد از مداخله انجام شد. ترکیب بدنی با روش بیوایمپدنس الکتریکی و اشتها با مقیاس آنالوگ بصری اندازه گیری شد. از آزمون ANOVA دوراهه ی ترکیبی به همراه آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی برای آنالیز آماری استفاده شد.

    یافته ها

    در سطح سرمی لپتین، گرلین آسیل دار، نسبت لپتین به گرلین بین سه گروه تفاوت معنی داری مشاهده نشد (05/0> P). احساس گرسنگی، سیری و میزان سیری بین سه گروه تفاوت معنی داری نداشت (05/0> P). تمایل به خوردن غذا در گروه MICT-KD نسبت به دیگر گروه ها کاهش معنی داری نشان داد (001/0=P). وزن بدن، درصد چربی بدن، آب بدن و حجم عضلات بین گروه ها تفاوت معنی داری نداشت (05/0> P).

    نتیجه گیری

    بین دو نوع تمرین طی رژیم کتوژنیک، تفاوتی در هورمون های اشتها و ترکیب بدنی در زنان دارای اضافه وزن یا چاق وجود نداشت. همچنین، هر دو نوع تمرین طی رژیم کتوژنیک هیچ گونه برتری نسبت به رژیم کتوژنیک به تنهایی نداشتند. تمایل به خوردن در گروه MICT-KD نسبت به دو گروه دیگر کاهش یافته بود.

    کلید واژگان: رژیم غذایی کتوژنیک، ورزش هوازی، گرلین، لپتین، چاقی، ترکیب بدنی
    Homeyra Sheykhamini, Kazem Khodaei*
    Introduction and purpose

    Exercise and diet are two major interventions that control obesity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training during the ketogenic diet (HIIT-KD) and moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training during the ketogenic diet (MICT-KD) on the appetite, appetite hormones, and body composition in overweight and obese females.

    Methods

    In this semi-experimental research, 36 overweight or obese inactive women participated in this study and were randomly divided into three groups, including ketogenic diet (KD), MICT-KD, and HIIT-KD. The training groups exercised six weeks and three sessions per week interval running with 85-95 % HRmax or continuous running with 60-70 % HRmax along with following KD. Fasting blood sampling was performed before and after the intervention to measure hormones. Body composition was measured by the electrical bioimpedance method, and appetite was measured by visual analog scale. The mixed two-way ANOVA test, Bonferroni’s test, and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis.

    Results

    No significant differences were observed in the serum level of leptin, acylated ghrelin, and leptin to ghrelin ratio between the three groups (P>0.05). The feeling of hunger, satiety, and fullness did not differ significantly between the three groups (P>0.05). The Prospective food consumption in the MICT-KD group showed a significant decrease compared to other groups (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in body weight, body fat percent, body water, and muscle volume between the groups (P>0.05).

    Conclusion

    There were no differences between the two types of exercise during a ketogenic diet on appetite hormones and body composition in overweight or obese women. Furthermore, both types of exercise during a ketogenic diet had no superiority over the ketogenic diet alone. Prospective food consumption was reduced in the MICT-KD group compared to the other two groups.

    Keywords: Aerobic exercise, Body composition, Ghrelin, Ketogenic diet, Leptin, Obesity
  • Chandralekshmy Chandrika*, Archana Jayan, Fathima Beevi Osman
    Background

    Type 2 DM is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, increased glucose production, and abnormal fat metabolism. Diabetes mortality primarily results from microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, as well as macrovascular complications like coronary artery, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. Patients with diabetes usually have changes in adipose tissue metabolism and abnormalities in the secretion of adipokines such as leptin. The present study aims to study the relationship between serum leptin levels and lipid profile parameters among non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetic individuals.

    Methods

    This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 41 type 2 diabetic patients and 41 non-diabetic individuals of both sexes between the ages of 40 and 70. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), serum leptin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were assayed.

    Results

    The mean serum leptin levels among diabetic patients were lower than those of non-diabetic individuals, and this difference in mean was statistically significant. The study showed a significant negative correlation between serum leptin, TC, TG, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and a positive correlation with HDL. In the final regression model, serum leptin showed a statistically significant association with FBS and HDL.

    Conclusion

    This study demonstrated that serum leptin levels can be a strong predictor of low HDL levels in diabetic patients. It can also contribute to raised levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL, which are responsible for macrovascular complications in diabetics.

    Keywords: Leptin, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, High-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-Beta
  • Bahareh Nikooyeh*, Mohammadesmail Motlagh, Tirang Neyestani
    Background and Objectives

    Vitamin D, crucial for bone health and calcium homeostasis, also impacts metabolic processes and endocrine functions. It may influence leptin, a key hormone regulating energy balance. This meta-analysis evaluates the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum leptin concentrations, addressing inconsistencies and exploring its potential role in metabolic health.

    Materials and Methods

    This review examined supplementation with vitamin D, alone or with calcium, as an intervention for its effects on serum leptin concentrations. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of electronic databases up to March 2024 identified eligible trials. Eleven randomized clinical trials were included, assessing vitamin D supplementation versus placebo or control. The meta-analysis, registered in PROSPERO (www.crd.york.ac.uk/ PROSPERO/ CRD42020177472), used STATA for statistical analysis, with outcomes reported as mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

    Results

    Initially, 503 studies were identified, with 366 excluded after screening. Ultimately, 11 studies with 819 participants were included. Trials varied in vitamin D dosage, frequency, and whether calcium was included. Pooled analysis found no significant effect of vitamin D on leptin concentrations (MD: -0.13, 95% CI -1.12 to 0.87). Subgroup analyses showed no differences based on intervention duration or calcium inclusion.

    Conclusions

    Our meta-analysis demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation does not significantly affect serum leptin levels, adding to the existing evidence on vitamin D metabolic roles. Further research is crucial to unravel the interaction between vitamin D and adipokines like leptin, given widespread vitamin D deficiency and its metabolic implications.

    Keywords: Vitamin D, Leptin, Meta-Analysis
  • مریم صالحی*، فهیمه اسفرجانی، ستار گرگانی فیروزجایی
    اهداف

    آسپروسین و لپتین دو آدیپوکین مرتبط با اشتها و اختلالات متابولیک هستند. هدف تحقیق حاضر تعیین اثر ده هفته تمرینات تداومی با شدت متوسط بر شاخص توده بدن و سطوح سرمی لپتین، آسپروسین، انسولین و قند خون ناشتا در زنان چاق غیرفعال بود.

    مواد و روش ها

    در تحقیق نیمه تجربی حاضر که در سال 1402 در شهر تهران روی زنان چاق انجام شد، 24 زن چاق کم تحرک به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه 12نفره شامل گروه های تمرین و کنترل تقسیم شدند. در گروه تمرین، مداخله ورزشی به مدت 10 هفته و 3 جلسه در هفته انجام شد و در طول دوره تحقیق، گروه کنترل مداخله ورزشی دریافت نکردند. به منظور ارزیابی متغیرهای مورد بررسی در دو نوبت، 24 ساعت قبل از شروع مداخلات تمرین و 72 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه تمرین، خونگیری به صورت ناشتا انجام شد. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل آماری از آزمون های تی وابسته و تحلیل کواریانس استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری با نرم افزار SPSS 26 و سطح معناداری (0/05>p) انجام شد.

    یافته ها

    میانگین سن و شاخص توده بدن در گروه تمرین به ترتیب 2/74±41/33 سال و 2/53±32/46 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع و در گروه کنترل به ترتیب 3/19±41/0 سال و 3/48±32/21 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع بود. پس از دوره مداخلات، کاهش معناداری در شاخص توده بدنی (0/951 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع)، آسپروسین (0/116 نانوگرم بر میلی لیتر)، لپتین (2/816 نانوگرم بر میلی لیتر) و انسولین (14/34 واحد بر لیتر) در گروه تمرین نسبت به گروه کنترل مشاهده شد (0/05>p). ولی تفاوت معناداری در FBS مشاهده نشد (0/05<p).

    نتیجه گیری

    با توجه به نتایج می توان گفت که تمرینات تداومی با شدت متوسط با تعدیل آسپروسین و لپتین ناشتا، اثرات مثبتی بر وضعیت متابولیکی زنان چاق غیرفعال دارد.

    کلید واژگان: چاقی، تمرین ورزشی، لپتین، انسولین
    Fahimeh Maryam Salehi*, Fahimeh Esfarjani, Sattar Gorgani Firoozjaei
    Aims

    Asprosin and leptin are two adipokines related to appetite and metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to determine the effect of ten weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training on body mass index and serum levels of leptin, asprosin, insulin, and fasting blood sugar in sedentary obese women.

    Materials and Methods

    In the current semi-experimental research that was conducted on obese women in 2023 in Tehran, Iran, 24 sedentary obese women were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of 12, including training and control groups. In the training group, sports intervention was performed for ten weeks and three sessions per week, and during the research, the control group did not receive sports intervention. To evaluate the investigated variables on two occasions, 24 hours before the start of training interventions and 72 hours after the last training session, fasting blood was taken. For statistical analysis, dependent t-tests and covariance analysis were used. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 26 software and significance level (p<0.05).

    Findings

    The average age and body mass index in the training group were 41.33±2.74 years and 32.46±2.53 kg/m2, and in the control group, was 41.0±3.19 years and 32.21±3.48 kg/m2, respectively. After the intervention period, a significant decrease in body mass index (0.951 kg/m2), asprosin (0.116 ng/ml), leptin (2.816 ng/ml), and insulin (14.34 units/l) was observed in the training group compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in FBS (p>0.05).

    Conclusion

    According to the results, moderate-intensity continuous training with asprosin and fasting leptin modulation has positive effects on the metabolic status of sedentary obese women.

    Keywords: Obesity, Exercise Training, Leptin, Insulin
  • علی علی نیا، اکبر معین*
    سابقه و هدف

    با توجه به نقش رزیستین، لپتین و آدیپونکتین در فعالیت های سوخت و سازی به ویژه در ارتباط با فعالیت ورزشی و بافت چربی و تحقیق های اندک در این زمینه،  تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر یک دوره فعالیت ورزشی هوازی به همراه رژیم غذایی پر چرب بر سطوح سرمی استراحتی رزیستین و نسبت لپتین به آدیپونکتین رت های نر انجام شد.

    روش کار

    نوع پژوهش در مطالعه حاضر، تجربی بود. تعداد 28 سر رت نر نوجوان در سن چهار هفتگی به طور تصادفی به چهار گروه: رژیم معمولی کنترل (N = 7)، رژیم معمولی تمرین (N = 7)، رژیم پرچرب کنترل (N = 7) و رژیم پرچرب+  تمرین (N = 7) تقسیم شدند. گروه تغذیه پر چرب به مدت 30 روز تحت رژیم غذایی پرچرب (kcal/g 5/817  :HF) قرار گرفتند. از شصتمین روز زندگی رژیم غذایی با چربی معمولی (kcal/g 3/801 :NF) اعمال شد. برنامه فعالیت ورزشی هوازی به مدت چهار هفته سه بار در هفته (12 جلسه و از روز هفتادم تا نود و هشتم زندگی) و 40 دقیقه با سرعت (cm/s50) به مدت 40 دقیقه انجام شد. برای سنجش پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی رزیستین، آدیپونکتین و لپتین از روش الایزا استفاده شد. از آزمون تحلیل واریانس عاملی برای آنالیز آماری استفاده شد. در صورت نیاز به مقایسه های تعقیبی برای مقایسه دو به دوی گروه ها، با توجه به نتایج آزمون لون، از آزمون تعقیبی توکی استفاده شد.

    یافته ها

    نتایج نشان داد رژیم غذایی پرچرب سبب افزایش معنادار (0/001=P) سطوح سرمی لپتین (1/12 ± 12/77)، نسبت لپتین به آدیپونکتین (0/13 ± 0/62) و رزیستین (0/58 ± 4/22) و کاهش معنا دار (0/01=P) آدیپونکتین (4/28 ± 21/12) رت های نر شد؛ با این حال، فعالیت ورزشی هوازی با افزایش معنادار (0/003=P)  سطوح سرمی لپتین (0/96 ± 6/17)، نسبت لپتین به آدیپونکتین (0/03 ± 14/0) و رزیستین (0/69 ± 2/42) و افزایش معنا دار (0/001=P=) آدیپونکتین (4/9 ± 42/74) رت های نر همراه شد.

    نتیجه گیری

    به نظر می رسد مداخله فعالیت ورزشی هوازی آثار مفیدی بر سطوح آدیپونکتین، لپتین و رزیستین و نسبت لپتین به آدیپونکتین در کنار رژیم غذایی پرچرب دارد. از سویی، رژیم غذایی پرچرب با آثار سوء بر سطوح این سایتوکاین ها و رزیستین همراه است.

    کلید واژگان: رژیم غذایی پرچرب، تمرین هوازی، لپتین، آدیپونکتین، نسبت لپتین به آدیپونکتین، رزیستین
    Ali Alinia, Akbar Moein*
    Background and Aim

    Considering the roles of resistin, leptin and adiponectin in metabolic activities, especially in relationship with exercise and adipose tissue, and the lack of research in a related context this study was carried out to examine the effect of aerobic training and high-fat diet on leptin, adiponectin and resting serum levels of resistin in male rats.

    Methods

    This research was conducted using an experimental method. For this purpose, 28 male rats with an average weight of 152 ± 5g and the age of four weeks were divided into four groups: normal diet (N = 7), high-fat diet (N = 7), training (N = 7) and high-fat diet+ training (N = 7) groups. High-fat diet groups underwent high-fat diet (HF: 5/817 kcal/g) for 30 days. From the 60th day of life, a normal fat diet (NF: 3/801 Kcal/g) was applied Aerobic exercise wascarries out on a treadmill, for four weeks, three times a week (12 weeks from 60th to 98th days of life), 40 minutes with 50 cm/s speed. ELISA method was used to measure the biochemical markers including resistin, adiponectin and leptin. Factorial analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. If post hoc comparisons were needed to compare groups two by two, Turkey’s post hoc test was used according to the results of Levine’s test.

    Results

    The resultes showed that high fat diets cause a significant increase (p = 0/001) in serum levels of leptin (12/77 ± 1/12), leptin to adiponectin ratio (0/62 ± 0/13) and resistin (4/22 ± 0/58), and a decrease in (p = 0/01) adiponectin (21/12 ± 4/28) in male rats. However, aerobic exercise was accompanied by a significantdecrease(p = 0/003) in serum levels of leptin (6/17 ± 0/96), leptin to adiponectin ratio (0/14 ± 0/03), and resistin (2/42 ± 0/69). Moreover, an increase in (p = 0/001) adiponectin serum levels (42/74 ± 4/9) was observed.

    Conclusion

    Aerobic exercise might have beneficial effects on adiponectin, leptin, and leptin toadiponectin ratio in people with high-fat diet. On the other hand, high-fat diet is associated with detrimental effects on these cytokines and resistin.

    Keywords: Resistin, Leptin, Adiponectin, Adiponectin ratio, Aerobic exercise, high fat diet
  • Seyed Mohammad Mohammadi, Nadia Saniee, Tara Borzoo, Esmat Radmanesh *
    Background

    Leptin has a great effect on bone through direct or indirect involvement in bone remodeling. Considering the ambiguities that exist regarding the effect of leptin on bone and bone-related diseases including osteoporosis, in this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of various studies on the effect of leptin on osteoporosis, which may find an answer to the existing ambiguities.

    Methods

    The search was performed to review studies on the effects of leptin on osteoporosis by using several databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Electronic searches were conducted on 5 Jan 2023. There was no limit on the publication date of the articles. The risk of bias for the animal study was assessed with the CAMARADES checklist, and the study quality assessment was also assessed based on the guidelines for in vivo experiments (ARRIVE). In this study, the risk of bias (quality) of human studies was assessed using the quality assessment checklists by NHLBI.

    Results

    Overall, 34 articles were included for data extraction and quality assessment. Overall, 27 human studies and seven animal studies were included in the article. The results of most of the studies conducted in this study showed that leptin has a physiological role in maintaining bone mass and better bone quality and reduces bone marrow adipogenesis and increases bone mineral density (BMD). As plasma leptin levels increased, BMD values or bone formation biomarkers increased.

    Conclusion

    Leptin has an inhibitory role against bone resorption and increasing osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, which, as a result, maintains bone density and reduces osteoclast activity, and has a positive relationship with increasing osteocalcin.

    Keywords: Leptin, Bone losses, Bone resorption
  • مژگان اسکندری، مهدی مقرنسی*، سعید ایل بیگی
    مقدمه

    سیتوکاین های پیش التهابی مانند لپتین نقش مهمی در پاتوژنز چاقی و سندروم متابولیک دارند. فعالیت های ورزشی و مکمل های غذایی دو رویکرد مناسب برای پیشگیری از پدیده اضافه وزن و چاقی هستند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تاثیر هشت هفته تمرین مقاومت کل بدن (TRX) و مکمل دهی امگا-3 بر مقادیر سرمی لپتین و درصد چربی بدن در زنان دارای اضافه وزن و چاق بود.

    روش کار

    در این پژوهش نیمه تجربی، 48 زن دارای اضافه وزن و چاق به شکل هدفمند به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در چهار گروه 12 نفره 1) تمرین 2) مکمل 3) تمرین+ مکمل و 4) کنترل تقسیم شدند. آزمودنی های گروه اول و سوم به مدت هشت هفته (سه جلسه در هفته) به اجرای پروتکل تمرین ورزشی (TRX) پرداختند. همچنین آزمودنی های گروه دوم و سوم روزانه دو عدد کپسول 1000 میلی گرمی مکمل امگا-3 را در دو نوبت و گروه اول و چهارم به همان میزان دارونما (پارافین خوراکی) دریافت کردند. در ابتدا و انتهای پژوهش، سنجش درصد چربی بدن با استفاده از دستگاه سنجش ترکیب بدن و نمونه خون وریدی برای اندازه گیری مقادیر بیوشیمیایی جمع آوری شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون تعقیبی توکی در سطح معناداری کمتر از 05/0 تجزیه و تحلیل شد.

    کلید واژگان: تمرین TRX، مکمل امگا-3، لپتین، اضافه وزن و چاق
    Mozhgan Eskandari, Mehdi Mogharnasi *, Saeed Ilbeigi
    Background

    Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as leptin play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Exercise and food supplements are two suitable approaches to prevent the phenomenon of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of total body resistance training (TRX) and omega-3 supplementation on serum leptin levels and body fat percentage in overweight and obese women.

    Method

    In this semi-experimental research, 48 overweight and obese women were purposefully selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into four groups of 12 people: 1) training, 2) supplement, 3) training +supplement, and 4) control. The subjects of the first and third groups performed the exercise training protocol (TRX) for eight weeks (Three sessions per week). Also, the subjects of the second and third groups received two 1000 mg capsules of omega-3 supplement daily, and the first and fourth groups received the same amount of placebo (Oral paraffin). At the beginning and end of the study, measuring body fat percentage using a body composition measuring device and venous blood samples were collected to measure biochemical values. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of less than 0.05.

    Keywords: TRX training, omega-3 supplement, Leptin, overweight, obese
  • Ensieh Yazdkhasti, Farnaz Seifi Skishahr*, Reza Farzizadeh
    Objective

    Adipose tissue-derived adipokines affect cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of interval resistance training with different intensities on leptin, adiponectin, and acrosin levels in obese males.

    Materials and Methods

    Fourty-four obese males (27.70± 3.02 years) were randomly allocated into four groups: high intensity (HI), moderate intensity (MI), low intensity (LI), and control (C). Subjects of the HI, MI, and LI groups implemented the training program for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with intensities corresponding 80% 1RM, 60% 1RM, and 40% 1RM,, respectively. Body composition and plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, and asprosin were evaluated before and after interval resistance training at different intensities.

    Results

    Following exercise, serum levels of leptin and asporin were significantly reduced in all groups (P< 0.01). The greatest reduction of leptin and asporin levels was recorded in the HI group (P= 0.001, P= 0.01) for leptin and asporsin levels, respectively. The level of adiponectin significantly decreased after exercise in all groups (P< 0.001, F= 12.44). The greatest reduction was observed in the HI group compared with the MI and UI group (P= 0.001).

    Conclusion

    Interval resistance training with different intensities can cause significant changes in leptin, asprosin, and adiponectin levels in obese men, and this improvement was better at high intensities.

    Keywords: Obesity, Leptin, Adiponectin, Asprosin, Interval resistance training
نکته
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