مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 49 (زمستان 1398)

Due to the umbrella-like nature of tourism industry, it has various types and is divided to different parts that agricultural tourism is one of its subsets. One of the most crucial factors of planning and development of tourism is the recognition of effective factors on its development. Mahalat County enjoys many potentialities in agritourist due to having scenic and exotic agricultural attractions particularly farms and gardens growing plants and flowers. Therefore, planning and development of plants and flowers of this province needs attention to various effective aspects on development of this type of tourism one of which is effective factors on development of agricultural tourism. In line with this matter, the aim of the present study is recognizing the effective factors on the development of agricultural tourism of Mahalat County. The study is descriptive-analytic and it is a practical study regarding its aim. The sample of the study consists of the officials and intellects in tourism field in Mahalt County. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was used for the data analysis. The findings of the research indicate that social-cultural factors with an index of (%768) are the most influential factors on the development of agricultural tourism. From this perspective, agricultural pivot with the effect index of (%768), culturing with effect index of (%768), and advertisement with the effect index of (%768) have the most roles in the development of agricultural tourism in Mahalat County.

Nowadays, Agricultural Entrepreneurship is one of the most important strategies ways of rural development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector of rural areas. Considering the purpose, this research is an applied one, and in nature, it is a descriptive-analytic type. Data and information were gathered by means of library and field method and for data analysis; factor analysis was used in an exploratory manner. The rural area, which was under the study, consists of 15 villages, and due to the low number of villages, all villages have been studied. The statistical population of the study has been 987 benefactor farmers, Which 276 benefactors were selected by using Cochran formula as the sample size. The validity of the items was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach,s alpha at a rate of 0.712. The results of the factor analysis test show that among the known seven factors the most effective factor in terms of agricultural entrepreneurship in the study area is the economic factor with a special value of 5/731, which accounts for 12.831% of the total variance by itself. The least impact is related to the factor of access to physical infrastructure with the special value of 1,445 that is accounted for 5.412% of the total variance.

today, one of the most important and complex issues for urban programmers and decision making is locating suitable places for future development of cities and determining suitable lands, which this objective will obtain with a comprehensive view on all the effective factors on the physical urban development. To do this, the present research which is a developmental-applicable type, with the purpose of determining suitable locations for future development of Bonab city, has studied this issue by descriptive- analytical method. About eight factors were identified in order to study and evaluate land suitability for urban development. To determine the importance of target indicators to assess land suitability, first the relative importance of each criterion was determined through analytical hierarchy model using Expert Choice software. Then, each of them was fuzzy using GIS and IDRIS software and was placed in the numerical range of zero to one. In the next step, all fuzzed layers were multiplied in each weights resulted from analytical hierarchy model with integrating AHP model and Fuzzy model and thereby the weighted fuzzy layer was prepared. Then operators of multiplying, adding and fuzzy gamma of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 were carried out and layer overlapping is done. The results indicate that the fuzzy gamma of 0.9 has the best overlapping. Determined by divided Gamma 9/0, that 66.24% of study region (511.412 km2) is located in the class of totally inappropriate and 9.56% of that (73.8124 km2) is located in the class of totally appropriate

By studying urban systems, it becomes more specific the condition distribution and measure balance of population distribution. This article is being Compilation by aim the study changes in the urban system of the northern region to determine its equilibrium situation. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the basis of statistical data is the results of general census of population and housing in the past 8 years. In this paper, classifying the cities of the region over the past 60 years, used of indexes urban primacy includes primate city, tow city, Ginsberg, Mehta, moomaw and alwosabi, dominance mosavi and indexes centralization includes herfindahl, Henderson and indexes Balance includes entropy, coefficient of variation, rank-size to study the urban system of the region. The results perquisite from urban primary indexes and centralization it shows the measure urban primacy and centralization from 1335 to 1365 the trend has been decreasing but from 1365 to 1390 the trend has been on the upside until it in 1395 rebounds Slightly trend has been declines. The results of the indexes Balance also show the imbalance in the spatial distribution of the population in the urban system of the region from 1335 to 1395 has always increased. The results of the rank-size index also is indicate a relatively large difference between the actual population and the desirable population of the cities of region during the studied years and also, the relative importance of middle cities from 1335 to 1355 and domination of urban primary from 1355 to 1395.

In recent decades, along with urbanization, various models have been used to urban growth prediction. In this regard, Urban models based on the automata technique have emerged under the paradigm of a self-organizing system, with cellular automata (CA) being the simplest but most popular in action What happens to each grid cell is defined by a transition rule or transition rules.If the transition rule requires that the state of a grid cell is only dependent on its state at a previous time step, such a model is called a Markov model, and is not considered a CA model. Cellular automata models have one additional feature: the transition rules operate on cells based on the local neighborhood of those cells. In this research, the spatial expansion of Maragheh city was simulated using Cellular automata- Markov chain hybrid model. Satellite images (Landsat) were used for land cover mapping, urban growth monitoring, and modeling land cover changes. Results represent high efficiency of Cellular automata- Markov chain in the urban spatial growth simulation. In the past three decades,development trend of Maragheh city has been more towards barren lands.According to the output of the model,this trend will continue over the next 17 years. So that, the city will be expended due to the transition of barren lands cells state to urban cells state,and 774 hectares from surrounding barren lands will be converted to urban lands. However, with continue of the previous trend, nearly 417 hectares of good agricultural lands will also change to urban lands.

The present research seeks to explore the meaning of the architecture of the native houses of the Mukherian region of Iran, which is based on the sense of experience and perceptual experience. The ultimate goal of the research, the pure attitude toward the senses and the intent to discover their deep relationship and the expression of a scientific method for the visualization of the sensory perception of architecture and the perceptual experience of the home, with the disclosure and disclosure of the degree of conflict between senses and the importance of the characteristics of the perceptual experience in the Mokrian homes. The research was initially conducted using a phenomenological approach and then a descriptive-analytical method. The seven-step method and the MAXQDA software were used to analyze the information and provide the core category and SPSS software was used to measure it. The researcher conducted open and deep interviews and field entries in the following sections of the experience of life and characteristics of the information gathering about one of the premises of the house called "Medbaq (bread baking area)" and made important interpretations with the participation of residents and emphasis On "sensory perception of the subject" and "the nature of human experiences", under 45 important terms and then finally nine themes of meaning were identified and developed. Then, a core category called "Mokrian House": the identity of man, the space of man and the environment "was chosen as the true meaning of the houses of the Mokrian region of Iran.

Development and establishment of settlements in direct contact with the natural base and geomorphology effects. Because of the topography and geology of the study area has certain limitations in terms of localization and development of their human settlements. In order to reduce the risks of the South West province of Khorasan Razavi and modify future plans of development and human settlements, to assess the feasibility of the study area was investigated. After studies and library and a selection of appropriate measures, using phase logic models, and GIS software to help, areas prone to develop settlements were determined. In this study was to identify suitable areas for development and the creation of settlements in the study area based on Landform, from eleven parameters, slope, aspect, elevation, soil, land use, elevation, distance to fault, distance from the river, away from the road distance from settlements, geomorphology as independent variables in recognizing the potential and geomorphological constraints in the region were selected. Finally, after zoning based on phase model, the results showed that about 61 percent of the study area is located on the floors very poor and poor, which means unfavorable geomorphological conditions in this part of the study area to develop settlements are human. About 16.40% of the study area has average conditions for the development and creation of new human settlements respectively. And about 23 percent of the area under study geomorphological area of favorable conditions for construction activity and the construction of new residential areas are.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of urban sprawl on development of integrated villages from the perspective of the local community. This research from the perspective of purpose is applied, descriptive - analytic method and for data collection and information is used the library and field studies. Local domain of research is the 16 integrated villages in the skeletal contexture of Urmia city in the years 1335 to 1395. According to statistics of the Statistics Center of Iran in 1390 in total are 27 940 people and 6804 households that based on the Cochran formula were selected number of 151 households as statistical population. Questionnaire reliability was calculated 0.789 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and to data analyze were used of descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and variance) and inferential statistics (structural equation, Friedman and regression). The results showed that the proposed model for research in structural equation has the optimal level in compliance with the experimental data and indicators have suitable goodness of fit. Also one of the most important effects of urban creep in Urmia was the land price increases on the periphery of city, if the meter of land has increased to 2100000 toman during recent years. Also sprawl of Orumiyeh city has the most positive impact on the skeletal dimension with the beta value 0.926.

Close proximity to the fault of Tabriz in the Region two of the Municipality of Tabriz, increasing the number of areas and densely populated areas, increasing the load on the environment, Complexity and the multitude of factors in the earthquake hazard zoning and the spatial role of them make necessary applying multivariate decision maker, to determine the degree of vulnerability. The main objective of this paper is to determine the vulnerability in SAW and TOPSIS methods. For this purpose, multi-criteria assessment methods based on the TOPSIS and SAW used for produce and analysis of different layers of land use map. Natural and human factors influencing in Vulnerability zonation map identified and was overlaid with the land use map. Based on the TOPSIS and SAW, from the total area of 2104.83 hectares, about 729.61 hectares of vulnerability in areas with very low to low in the southern parts, 350.08 hectares in the vulnerabilities average in the center and 1025.14 hectares of vulnerability high to Very high in the northern and northwestern parts of the Region two. Land use map overlaps with hazard zonation map, show 400 hectares of residential use in the high to very high class risk. So, the plan to locate the temporary housing sites, Retrofit construction during the time and modify sensitive land use location to other land uses on the final map of hazard zonation map.

Nowdays, multiple factors affect the livability of a place, of which can note transportion, the presence of people, mixed use, housing, safety and security, sense of belonging, efficiency and the environment. The subject of transportation is potentially a reflection of the importance transport plays in day-to-day life. transportation is necessary for a functioning society as it enables people to access employment, education, food, health and social services, and meet with family and friends. The main goal of this research is the analysis of urban livability with emphasis on transportation indicator in Mashhad metropolis. The research method of this research is practical in terms of goal, and is descriptive – analytical in terms of methodology. By using the GIS Software, maps related to the status of each of objective sub-indicators based on the limits of Mashhad metropolis's zones were drawn. For mental indicator, which includes 6 questions, questionnaire was used for a sample size of 402 persons in all zones of Mashhad. The results of this research show the zone 11 of Mashhad metropolis is the best zone in terms of transportation indicator, followed by zones 1 and 8, respectively. By contrast, zones 6, 5 and 2 had the worst conditions in terms of transportation indicator, respectively. About 54 % of Mashhad's zones are at transportation very unfavorable level with respect to the urban livability.

Today, the problem of the lack of a place to stop vehicles, especially in the central regions of the city, is encountered in most large cities. Public parking as one of the most important components of a modern urban transport system is responsible for providing a level of urban traffic blocking, and thus reduced bustle and traffic jams downtown are responsible.the purpose of this research is to rank the public parking of region 1th of Ahvaz metropolis from the viewpoint of citizens. to achieve this goal, the prioritization control method has been used by TOPSIS technique. the research method is applied in terms of its purpose, its field of study and the nature of the descriptive method. the sample size is 380 according to the Cochran formula. In this research, the central tissue of the metropolitan of Ahvaz has been selected. after identifying and selecting six indicators, beauty, cost, security, accessibility, dispersion and area are ranked by the TOPSIS public parking technique in this region. the results of this research show that Karoon class parking is in the high level in terms of indicators and Nakhl parking, Shahed, Baghmoein, Shahid Fahmidah are in the middle level and Khaligfars Parking, Refah, SahelKaroon, Ghaem, Mahzyar are on the lower level.

Passive defense means reducing vulnerability during a crisis, without using military action, and is using of unmilitary active and managical and technical. Live and Sustainable vocation and human activities depend on security in all dimensions of any society, natural and human hazards, always threaten the life, and urban and village infrastructures. Particularly in the village border of country is serious injuries probable in extreme environments Crisis times are like war. Therefore, rural protection is vital for reducing the potential damage caused by the dangers of war with method of passive defense. By reviewing the subject literature based on the natural hazard model - geographical location - human risks and demographic - geographical location - natural hazards models 16 sub-criteria were identified in terms of four main factors. These factors and sub-criteria were ranked by survey of 60 experts, university professors and experts with use of the fuzzy hierarchy process analysis. During the review of existing literature it became clear that, given the novelty of the subject, no internal or external study identified this number of criteria. The results of the research show that when considering the factors affecting the critical location in the planning of non-operational defenses of the border villages of Ardebil province, the factors of natural, human, demographic and human hazards should be considered respectively.

Energy sustainability is realized within the framework of sustainable development. Considering the major share of energy consumption of residential buildings in Iran, this study aimed to identify and compare the external walls of Sanandaj housing as the most effective energy consumption factor in the life cycle of the building, and was sought to assess the embodied Energy and environmental pollutants in the production period as well as the operational cycle. Considering the analytical-descriptive approach, after describing the related principles, Delphi method and analytical hierarchy of Fuzzy AHP were used to identify and zonate the frequency of common external walls in three areas of Sanandaj. Then, the energy consumption of the embodid period was assessed with the existing data and using modeling and simulation of a city block in Design Builder software the energy of the operational cycle was assesed considering the relevant variables. Interpretation of the findings was conducted using SPSS, ANOVA and Duncan's test for comparing the classifications and indicated a significant relationship between the embodied energy levels of production and operational cycle between the walls and its extent in the three regions of Sanandaj city. The very low contribution of primary energy of the embodied period compared to the operational cycle for three metropolitan areas was 2.01, 1.87 and 1.86, respectively, of life cycle of the building. The results of the research in regions of Sanandaj indicated the unfavorable condition of energy consumption in the widespread use of the walls during the life cycle stages of the building.

Although traditional bazaars have long been considered as one of the components of the identity of the Iranian cities, but today, with the expansion of stores and shopping centers, the role of traditional bazaars in many cities and especially in metropolitan areas of Iran has declined, which if not planned properly, the likelihood of the deterioration of some of these markets will be strengthened. This research seeks to study effective factors on the prosperity of traditional bazaars (Case Study: Rasht Metropolis), with a structural equation modeling approach. Today, in spite of various shopping malls and shopping centers, multi-purpose commercial complexes, megamals, chain stores, etc., the role of traditional bazaars has decreased in many cities of Iran. In the absence of attention to existing weaknesses, some of these traditional bazaars are lacking in prosperity and even complete destruction. The need to pay attention to this issue becomes more and more obvious when we know that the traditional bazaars is operating in many cities of Iran as one of the constructive and identifiable elements of the city, which in the event of a weakening of the vital role of the bazaars, the identity of that city is disturbed. This research seeks to investigate the factors affecting the prosperity of traditional bazaars (Case Study: Rasht Metropolis) with the approach of structural equation modeling. In order to achieve this goal, it has been attempted to answer the following question: What are the most important Effective Factors on the Prosperity of Traditional Bazaars (Case Study: Rasht Metropolis)?

This research is a survey based on research design and is applicable to the research purpose. The statistical population of this study is 956971 people and the sample size is 384 people. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling approach was applied using SPSS and Mplus software. In this research, the exploratory factor analysis and then the confirmatory factor analysis method were used. Finally, fitting indexes were used to assess the fit of the final model.

In the first step, exploratory factor analysis has been used to extract the main factors affecting the Prosperity of traditional bazaars. The most important application of factor analysis is the reduction of a relatively large number of variables to limited factors that are usually indirectly and indirectly affected by the main variable. In this research, after interviews and field surveys, 33 factors influencing the prosperity of traditional bazaars were identified. These factors were reduced to 5 main factors by varimax method. These factors are: sellers attraction, physical attraction, economic attractions, welfare attractions and social attractions. After performing exploratory factor analysis using SPSS software and extracting the main factors affecting the prosperity of traditional bazaars, Mplus software has been used to model structural equations. Different fitness indices have been used with the use of Mplus. These indicators include the Chi-square index for assessing the overall fitness of the model (X2/df), comparative or comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker Lewis's index (TLI), root mean square error (RMSEA), approximation and index error Average left squared (SRMR). This chart consists of 10 structural models and 5 measuring models. Structural models include the communication of five hidden variables together, and the measurement models include the separate measurement of each of these five hidden variables (the relationship between each hidden variable and the observed variables).

The results of this study indicate that the five main factors driving traditional bazaars are: sellers’ attraction, physical attraction, economic attractions, welfare attractions and social attractions. Overall account for 86% of variance of all variables by this the main factors are covered. Also, the results of this study indicate that the structural model of this research has a good fit and the features of this research have had good explanatory power.

Urban tissues as urban ranges which they create during different periods can locate some sectors in their heart and they are regarded as city creator organs or structures and it is necessary to measure for reaching stable city before every planning. So, the aim of current study in measuring stability of Ardebil city tissues and sectors. Study statistical society include citizens which they were selected as samples with 390 persons based on Cochrane’s formulae. Sampling method was simple randomized case and questionnaire was distributed and completed for their. In order to field operations obtained data analysis; One Sample t-test was used to stability position measuring; one –way Anova Analysis was used for urban tissues comparison at SPSS software framework and, Electer, Vicor, Topsis and Copland multiple criteria decision models (MCDM) were used to urban tissues ranking in EXCEL framework. One Sample t-test results showed that sector stability with 3/01 mean is in middle level and one –way Anova analysis showed difference between urban tissues according to stability level which in sheffe’s pursue test; Ardebil city tissues were located in non-stable and relative stable classes. At last; Topsis, Electer, Vicor model and Copland combined model showed that planned, organic, semi-organic, combined villages to city and outskirts villages are located at first to fifth ranks.

Tourism is a media and tourists are the best media for touristic regions. The purpose of this paper is study of economic, social and environmental impacts and its effects on local's quality of life by the role of social advertising modifier. In this research, a descriptive-correlation method was used. Statistical population was Dasht e Arjan in Shiraz city, which 4 villages were selected. To collect data, questionnaire was used and its validity and reliability were examined by fuzzy- Delphi approach and internal consistency. For investigating Modifier Effect of social advertising, it used LISREL software. Statistical sample divided into 2 group and structural modeling was investigate by considering modifier role and not considering modifier role. Results showed that without considering modifier role, there is a positive relationship between local people attitude with tourism impacts and these impacts has positive and significant relationship with local's quality of life. But by considering modifier role, social advertising just modify relationship between local's people attitude with economic impacts. Social advertising could not modify relationship between social and environmental impacts with local's attitude and also between economic and social with quality of life.

With attention to the importance of the tourism industry and its dependence on the climate as a determinant factor for the planning of tourists, the need to understand the desirable and desirable weather conditions for domestic and foreign tourists is necessary so that the applicant can adapt to it, planning In terms of travel time, type of clothing and equipment required. Guilan province, in terms of geographical conditions and having natural features such as coastal, plain and mountainous areas, as one of the most volatile areas of the country, requires a timetable for tourism, and by providing this comprehensive calendar can Take an important step on the basis of the climate of the environment Tourism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the thermal comfort climate of Guilan province based on weather stations of synoptic stations in time interval (1980 - 2016) using PET model) and analyze it based on maps obtained from GIS software. Its assistance could provide the necessary planning for the development of tourism in the province and the appropriate location and timing. The results show that the past 37 years in July, which coincided with the solar date from July 10 to August 10, the index of the PET index has been decreasing, and the climate condition has improved in this month and the heat stress has declined. Also, October and May (May and October) are among the most suitable periods for tourism in terms of comfort climate.

Today, local communities are struggling to find conditions that will allow them to return quickly to the pre-crisis situation in the event of a crisis. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on the issue of resilience rather than vulnerability. resilience is the ability of a system to absorb perturbation, or the magnitude of disturbance that can be absorbed before a system changes its structure by changing the variables. Shiraz is located in the Zagros seismic zone with high seismicity. Considering the importance of existing land uses in the 3rd municipal district of Shiraz city, the aim of this study was an evaluation of social and economic resilience in this district. This applied research is using descriptive and analytical methods. The indicators of social and economic resilience were identified from the literature, and then data were collected through a field study using questionnaires. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression and feedforward multilayer perceptron artificial neural network. Linear regression indicated that a decrease in share of income spent on necessities could result in an increase in social and economic resilience of the households under study. Neural network analysis revealed that social capital and employment recovery are the most and least effective factors. In the population under study, social component, was the most important determinant of resilience.

The present research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical and library and field methods have been used for collecting data. The statistical population of the study is 11 villages with second homes tourism in Ijrud township. According to the census of 1390, the total number of households in these villages is 1849; that, using the Cochran formula, the number of samples needed to complete the questionnaire has been calculated 282. With regard to access to local authorities, 60 questionnaires were completed among them. The formal validity of the questionnaire was examined from experts' point of view and the reliability of the variables was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 77%. For quantitative analysis of data, statistical tests such as one-sample and two groups t, one-way ANOVA and factor analysis have been used. The results show that the development of second homes tourism in sample villages has had a positive effect on economic indicators. Also, the result of variance between the two groups is significant in the indicators of land price, housing and employment creation. In addition, based on the results of factor analysis, which were categorized into 6 factors, the first factor, according to its constituent variables, was named the investment factor and by explaining (19.237) percent of variance was introduced as the most important factor. This factor, along with the factors of variability of economic activities, land use changes, population growth, tourism services improvement and technology transfer, explained 67% of the variance in total.

The rural- urban links are considered as a part of realities of everyday life in an inhabitant family in rural regions. Thus, rural- urban links are emphasized in regulation and expression of development policies by aiming at reduction of poverty and supporting from positive role of urban centers to expand surrounding rural areas. Therefore, the current research has analyzed the village- city relations to determine field of influence of Ilam city. The methodology is combinatory type and both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The data have been collected by special questionnaire for the public people in this survey so that thereby one could test hypotheses by T- statistical exams, AHP and VIKOR models. The given results indicate that among 5 research variables, variables of economic trends (Mean-value=2.1959) and migratory trends (Mean – value= 2.5518) are lower than the base and standard limits. The results of this survey show that given average limit of 3, this model enjoys strong relationship in terms of three variables in which political-administrative variable (0.398) is placed at first rank in terms of importance and parameter of migratory trends (0.095) was ranked in four rural groups and VIKOR results were placed at the last rank. Similarly, using of this model; finally indicates the rate of influence is reduced by rising distance. Finally, with respect to result of study, it can be implied Ilam city plays a polar goal through this city but the level of influence of this city is also reduced by rising distance between them.