مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی و سوم شماره 7 (مهر 1401)

Timely diagnosis and differentiation of benign and malignant tumors of the upper respiratory tract can be effectual on more effective treatment and increase the quality of life of the patients. Therefore, in this study we investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of the upper respiratory tract lesions during the years 2006 to 2016 in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran.

This descriptive, analytical and retrospective study was conducted by using the census method. The information of the patients who were diagnosed with a lesion of the upper respiratory tract and underwent biopsy and included the variables of age, sex, anatomical location, clinical symptoms, and pathology reports were extracted from their files and entered into a pre-prepared checklist. The information then entered into SPSS version 21 software were analyzed with the necessary statistical tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Out of 2141 cases examined, 1715 cases (80.1%) were benign and 426 (19.9%) were malignant lesions. 1500 samples (70%) were related to male and 641 samples (30%) were related to female patients. There was a significant relationship between benign and malignant tumors of the upper respiratory tract with age, sex, and clinical symptoms as well as their site of involvement (P<0.05). Distribution of the frequency of malignant lesions was higher in older age and also in males. In terms of location of involvement, the most abundant malignant lesions were seen in the larynx area and the most abundant benign lesions were seen in the nasal area. The most common clinical symptom reported in benign lesions was nasal congestion, and in malignant lesions were voice violence and dysphagia.

Based on this study, if a tumor, especially in the larynx, occurs in a male as well as in old age, its malignancy should be considered and fast acts must be done to diagnose and treat it.

Laparoscopic surgery has been developed recently. In this method, CO2 is insufflated in peritoneal space, rises intra-abdominal pressure, and causes hemodynamic changes. Capnography and non-invasive end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) measurement are the most important and helpful monitoring methods.

In this semi-experimental study, 60 patients candidated for laparoscopic gynecological surgery were included. After induction of anesthesia by the same method, end-tidal CO2 monitoring was performed using capnography. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) of the patients were measured in these intervals: Immediately after intratracheal intubation, before blowing CO2 into the abdominal cavity, immediately after blowing CO2 into the abdominal cavity, 10 minutes and 20 minutes after blowing gas into the abdominal cavity, 10 minutes after CO2 gas exits the abdominal cavity, and before extubation of the patient.

ETCO2, MAP, and HR in the 10th and 20th minutes after gas blowing, as well as before extubation were statistically higher compared to other times (P <0.05).

According to the present study, it was concluded that end-tidal CO2 changes during laparoscopic surgery are helpful in the early diagnosis of complications, and the highest increase in end-tidal CO2 and hemodynamic changes are evident in the 10th and 20th minutes after blowing CO2 into the abdominal cavity.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory disease of the epidermis. In this study, we examined the frequency of factors affecting the incidence and clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis.

In this descriptive-analytic study, all children under 5 years old referred to the allergy clinic of Motahhari Hospital in Urmia were examined. To diagnose the disease, standard criteria of Hanifin-Rajka in the form of a 25-item questionnaire were used. The obtained data were analyzed by using (SPSS) software.

In this study, 106 patients with atopic dermatitis (69 males and 37 females) with a mean age of 14.13 ±11.64 months were studied. 49 patients (46.2%) were less and 57 patients (53.8%) are more than one-year-old. Countries of atopic dermatitis were 1.4%. Flexor surface involvement was significantly higher in males than females (P= 0.004). Involvement of flexor levels in patients over 1 year of age was significantly higher than patients under 1 year of age (P= 0.006). Personal or family atopy sample was significantly higher in the patients under 1 year of age than patients over 1 year of age (P=0.005). Itching during sweating was significantly higher in males than females (P =0.016). Danny Morgan line was significantly higher in patients under 1 year than patients over 1 year (P = 0.001). Food intolerance (P=0.016) and skin infections (P = 0.047) were significantly higher in patients over 1 year of age than patients under 1 year of age.

Since we are not able to change some of the risk factors related to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, it is better to focus on other risk factors that are modifiable. This approach can be effective in preventing atopic dermatitis.

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus is the most important bacterial pathogen in pharyngitis. Although the disease is seen in all age groups, it is one of the most common bacterial infections in children. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Beta Hemolytic Group a Streptococcus colonization in the throat of 5 to 15 year-old children without respiratory symptoms, referred to children’s Clinics in Urmia, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was performed on children aged 5 to 15 years, referring to specialized pediatric clinics at Urmia University of Medical Sciences on 260 people from Jun 2021 to June 2022 in a row and available has been taken. Demographic information and clinical status were evaluated and then while taking a throat swab sample, the results were evaluated with positive culture in terms of sensitivity to common antibiotics.

The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of health carriers was 7.3%. There was a significant relationship between the father's job and the frequency of health carriers P=0.039. The most sensitive antibiotics were penicillin and ceftriaxone, and high resistance to erythromycin and chloramphenicol were observed.

Despite all the limitations of the present study, it seems that the prevalence of health carriers was moderate to low. The presence of antibiotic resistance indicates the lack of proper management of consumption, and the necessary measures should be taken to further control and monitor prescription and usage of antibiotics.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences between laboratory indices and angiographic characteristics of the patients with coronary artery disease in two groups of metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome.

In this retrospective cohort study, 180 patients who were hospitalized due to coronary artery occlusion were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups of with and without metabolic syndrome. The patients were then divided based on the number of coronary artery occlusions into four subgroups, in terms of cardiac output into 4 subgroups, and in terms of BMI into three subgroups. Finally, the studied variables were compared between these two groups and the analysis of this information was done using SPSS 20 software.

In this study, 84 patients (46.7%) had metabolic syndrome. All of these patients had coronary artery disease, 81(45%) with stenosis in one vessel, 53(29.4%) in 2 vessels, 33(18.3%) in 3 vessels, and 13(7.2%) with stenosis in 4 vessels. 147 patients (81.7%) were male, and the mean age of the participants was 57.24±12.52 years. The mean age and HDL in the group with metabolic syndrome were lower than those without it. However, the mean count of Hb, WBC, and Neutrophils in the group with metabolic syndrome was higher than the group without it.

Patients with metabolic syndrome who had been hospitalized for heart disease had lower age and HDL but higher BMI than the patients without metabolic syndrome. There was no difference between patients with and without metabolic syndrome in terms of left ventricular output and the number of coronary arteries involved. In general, simultaneously having metabolic syndrome affects the laboratory and angiographic indices of the patients with coronary artery disease.

Long-term exposure to glucocorticosteroids is associated with brain damage through augmenting oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. Due to the anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of ferulic acid (FA), its effect on learning, memory, and protection of the hippocampus in dexamethasone (DEX) treated rats were investigated in this study.

This experimental study was conducted on 32 male Wistar rats. Neural injury was induced by injection of 500 µg/kg/day of DEX for 3 weeks. Treatment groups received oral FA (50 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. At the end of 3rd week and following evaluation of learning and memory by passive avoidance and novel object discrimination (NOD) tests, some related factors of oxidative stress and apoptosis in hippocampal homogenate were measured and number of neurons in hippocampal CA1 area was also counted.

Step-through latency and discrimination index were significantly higher in FA-treated DEX group than DEX group. FA-treatment of DEX group was associated with lower levels of MDA, caspase 1, and caspase 3 but higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Meanwhile, CA1 neuronal density was significantly higher in FA-treated DEX group.

Taking ferulic acid simultaneously with long-term administration of dexamethasone prevents the occurrence of learning and memory disorders and hippocampus damage, and part of its beneficial effect is done through reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a term used to describe pain that originates in the patellofemoral joint or the soft tissues surrouning it. This study compared the effects of relaxation tones and mindfulness-based breathing on the magnitude of the ground reaction force experienced by patellar femoris patients while walking to those of transcranial stimulation of the primary motor cortex.

Thirty men with patellofemoral pain participated in this semi-experimental study. With the aid of a force plate device, ground reaction force variables were assessed before and after transcranial stimulation, relaxation, and mindfulness-based breathing. The data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance with a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that the effect of the time factor was statistically significant on the peak internal-external force during heel contact (P=0.049), when the foot leaves the ground (P=0.001), the peak anterior-posterior force during heel separation from the ground (P=0.044), and the peak vertical ground reaction force during heel separation from the ground (P=0.011). The effect of the time factor was statistically significant on peak internal-external forces during heel contact (P=0.004), peak anterior-posterior forces when the foot leaves the ground (P=0.017), peak vertical forces during heel contact with the ground (P=0.009), and peak vertical forces during foot separation from the ground (P=0.047).

Based on the findings, it can be inferred that transcranial stimulation of the primary motor cortex, as well as body relaxation and mindfulness-based breathing awareness may be effective in reducing patellofemoral pain.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common neurocognitive disorder that has been one of the most extensive research fields and also one of the largest sources of referrals to mental health centers in recent decades. The aim of the present study was to compare muscular frequency content in healthy children and children with overactive/attention deficient during walking.

The present study was a case-control type. The statistical sample included 20 boys with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 20 healthy boys with an age range of 7-9 years, who were selected by convenient sampling method. A bipolar EMG system with 8 paires of electrodes was used to record EMG data of tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius while walking. Independent sample t-test was used for statistical analysis.

The results indicated that the frequency of the medial gastrocnemius muscle during the loading phase is higher in the hyperactive group than the healthy group (p<0.001). Also, results demonstrated that frequency continent of vastus medialis during loading phase and frequency continent of gluteus medius during mid-stance phase were lower in overactive group than healthy group (p<0.001).

Lower vastus medialis and gluteus medius activities in overactive group may be due to weal postural control in sagittal and frontal planes.