فهرست مطالب احمد محمودی

This research investigated the reproductive isolation of Branchinecta orientalis populations from three different geographical locations in Azerbaijan, Iran. The collected eggs of Anostraca were tested for biometry and hybridization studies. Based on the obtained results, the diameter of hydrated cysts, the diameter of decapsulated cysts and the chorion thickness of eggs in the Aigher Goli (AIG) habitat were observed to be larger than other groups. The percentage of hatching in the eggs obtained from crossbreed populations showed a significant decrease compared to pure populations (P<0.05). The lowest hatching rate was observed in the eggs produced by the AIG population (8.99±1.70). Also, the mortality rate of newly hatched nauplius from crossbreed populations was significantly higher than other studied samples (P>0.05). Thus, the highest early mortality was observed in AIG-KAS(L) (%8.27±2.87) and the lowest in KHS(F). The growth rates of different populations were almost the same and no significant difference was observed between them at the end of the breeding period (P>0.05). In general, it can be concluded that the difference in reproductive performance among B. orientalis populations is due to relative reproductive isolation due to geographic isolation and environmental adaptation.

Globalization and change in financial structures have had a significant impact on the clothing industry. Sportswear manufacturing is also a subcategory of the clothing industry. The aim of present study was to understand the sport clothing industry environment by using the PEST model to recognize the affecting factors on development of sport clothing industry.

This is a qualitative research by using thematic analysis method. Data were also collected in semi-structured interviews based on the literature of the research. The statistical population of this study consisted of founders, managers, board members and sales managers, active manufacturers of clothing industry inside Iran. Purposive sampling method was used for sampling.

The results showed that the political factor with developmental, supportive and communication subcategories, economic factor with sub-categories of raw materials, communication and optimization, social factor with subcategories of perceptual, human resources and culture, and the factor of technology with developmental and infrastructure sub-categories on industrial development clothing are impressive. 

According to research findings, environmental factors from the perspective of activists in this field have a crucial role in the development and growth of Iranian apparel industry and managers, officials, entrepreneurs and investors in this field should pay attention to these factors before making a decision and entering this area.

The significant effects of the corona infectious disease require fundamental changes in various fields such as the health tourism industry, which are more and more important in the post-corona era. Health tourism is one of the most important types of tourism in our country. Now, it should be checked what the status of this important industry will be in the post-corona era. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to analyze the health tourism situation of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the post-corona era, which takes a futuristic view. The method of the current research is mixed that investigates the issue using a sequential exploratory approach. In this research, two methods of "scope review and scenario planning" have been used, respectively. According to the findings of the first phase, 6 components and 55 main indicators were extracted from among 58 qualified researches, and 25 main indicators were considered as the drivers of this field in the review through the expert panel process. In the second phase, using the quantitative method of scenario planning, four main scenarios were compiled, which are in the form of the health tourism situation of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the post-corona era. From the results of the current research, we can point out the role of each of the scenarios in different situations, which can create sustainable health tourism in the country in the best and most favorable possible state.

Today, the place of sports and sports efforts has gone beyond physical effort and mere entertainment and has especially found a political and international aspect. The internationalization of a sizable chunk of sports has caused countries to turn to international sports coordination in order to achieve national interests and reach their political and international goals. In this regard, the concept of sports diplomacy has emerged along with other diplomacy. Smart power diplomacy means using all diplomatic mechanisms in all fields to secure national interests, including the power mechanism of sports. Given this, the critical question has been raised that In line with sports diplomacy in the framework of smart power, what position has sports enjoyed in the diplomatic system of Iran and America?

In this study, the descriptive-analytical method was used in the framework of Suzan Nasel's smart power theory and Joseph Nye's soft power theory.

Despite having an efficient capacity in the field of sports and using it optimally, in line with sports diplomacy, Iran has a marginal perspective and a secluded life attitude towards sports, whilst American considers sports as a tool so that sports was used to sanction and delegitimize or a tool to establish relations between two countries.

The United States of America, from the lens of smart power in sports diplomacy, has been seeking to achieve its long-term political goals in sports by presenting a coherent program regarding the use of athletes, coaches, referees, and sports companies, but Iran's political officials think of sports as a pastime and have not thought about the effectiveness of sports in the international arena, yet.

The purpose of the present study was to Pathology of legal cases arising from sports activities. The current research is a type of applied research and is considered as exploratory research in terms of nature. The current research was a type of mixed research that used Q methodology as the main research method. The statistical population of the research was sports law experts, sports management, sports litigation lawyers, professors and active experts in the field of sports law in Tehran. Theoretical saturation was achieved by interviewing 21 Pundits, experts and specialists. The results showed six mental patterns regarding the injuries of the accident files caused by sports activities were discovered and identified with the aim of Q methodology and the criterion of interpretability of the factors. The six mental patterns that were identified were unethical mental pattern, managerial mental pattern, underwork mental pattern, human power mental pattern, facilities mental pattern and supportive mental pattern. In order to reduce the damages caused by sports activities, it is necessary to take measures to minimize these damages and provide a healthy atmosphere in these environments. By clarifying and creating the field of sports law, creating a sports law publication, raising the awareness of sports litigation lawyers, we can take a small step in this field.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the type of content and method of teaching physical education on the quality of leisure timespent by elementary school students in Iraq. The research method, in terms of practical purpose and in terms of type, is descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. Data was collected in the field. The statistical population includes the students of Basra city in Iraq, and to determine the sample size in this research, the method of 10 times the number of items of the research tool was used, and based on this, 470 students were selected as a statistical sample. Three standard questionnaires on the quality of students’ leisure time (Qasmi et al., 2013), the type of physical education content (Kokonen et al., 2018) and the physical education method (Kokonen et al., 2018) were used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the type of physical education content and its components (except fair play and cooperation) with the quality of leisure time (P<0.05). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the physical education teaching method and its components (except the student-centered education component) with the quality of leisure time (P<0.05). Finally, the structural equation model of the relationship between the three main research variables has a significant fit. It can be said that physical education teachers can attract these people to sports and physical activities by using appropriate content and suitable for each age group and using appropriate educational methods, especially by actively participating students in the process of teaching physical education lessons. Keywords: Teaching physical education؛ quality of leisure time؛ spending leisure time؛ Elementary school students 1. IntroductionSchool exercise provides an effective framework for skills training to reduce highrisk behaviors and improve well-being (Mendes & Ruiz Esteban, 2020; Appstol et al., 2020). The school is a good place for interventions and allows students to develop strategies for coping with life challenges in the best possible way, with a high level of physical and mental well-being (Cronin et al., 2020; Patchman et al., 2020). Therefore, the promotion of a dynamic lifestyle as the main programs should be considered by the drafters of student sports policies to implement the document of fundamental transformation of education and achieve the student to consider the document of fundamental transformation of education as the future manpower of the country (Hamidi et al., 2021). Therefore, doing physical activity in schools, as a place where students spend most of their time, can have significant effects on the physical and mental health of this group, and therefore holding formal and regular programs is a part of physical education teachers and school officials. The participation of students in physical education is very important, and also the type of selected content and the way of teaching physical education by teachers can affect the experience of students from these activities. Especially at times, their free time should be effective and overshadow the quality of these times. Moreover, this study by identifying the signs to recognize the driving force of common thinking in this field can provide a good perspective for better analysis of this issue in future. Therefore, in the present research, an attempt is made to investigate Does the type of content and teaching of physical education have an effect on the quality of free time of primary school students? 2. Literature ReviewSchools, as one of the main organizations providing free time in a healthy way, can provide observation-based physical education programs, daily breaks, class breaks, modifying school playgrounds to promote active play, and later physical education programs. help students from school (Bassett et al., 2013). The study of Best et al. (2013) showed that physical education is the most effective school-based strategy for involving students in health-promoting physical activities. When mandatory daily physical education was combined with the standard curriculum, the recommended 29 minutes of daily physical activity was achieved. Implementation of model-based physical education practices has gained increasing acceptance in physical education, for example, comprehensive school-based physical activity program (Erwin et al., 2013), health optimization physical education (Metzler et al. , 2013), individual and social responsibility training (Hellison et al., 2003) and sports training (Hastie, 2011). However, there is limited evidence of the ways in which these model-based practices influence student participation in physical activity. Patterns are useful teaching tools, but they should not be accepted uncritically. As Landi et al. (2016) have emphasized citing Geot and Bain and (1985), physical education teachers must be aware that each model makes assumptions about humans, the role of education in society, and the nature of the subject in physical education. he does. A model developed from a theoretical position that takes these considerations directly into account is creative physical education (Choi et al., 2016). Creative physical education is based on an existential framework that engages with phenomenological-ontological and pragmatic interpretations of experience and applies this to education (Choi et al., 2016). This ontological framework enables creative physical education to offer a more developed concept of child-centred education that integrates both curriculum and pedagogy into the ontology. Considering that physical education teachers tend to use teacher-centered education, it is assumed that creative physical education can have a positive effect on students' participation in physical education. Based on this, Kokonen et al. (2018), by examining the effectiveness of creative physical education intervention on the motivation to do physical activity in free time and general physical activity of primary school students, found that this intervention has a positive effect on students' understanding of the homework-supportive atmosphere. It has a negative effect on physical education and on students' self-esteem. Also, students' perception of the task-support environment had a positive effect on their motivation to do physical activity in their free time, which in turn has a positive effect on their overall physical activity. Petrovich (2018) in his research titled "Exercise and physical activity of elementary school students in free time" found that families and schools should play an important role in increasing awareness about the importance of physical activity and sports participation in unstructured free time of students. There is a need to support rural schools in the development and continuation of school sports. And finally, family participation in sports and recreational activities should be supported to provide a model for more student participation in sports and physical activities. Mansoori et al. (2019) found that the use of the Internet has a negative effect on the satisfaction of leisure time by compiling the leisure time model of the country's students. Also, the existence of recreational facilities, increased participation in sports activities and high level of well-being are associated with increased satisfaction with leisure time. Finally, the leisure time model was formulated with six factors influencing the choice of leisure activities (including motivations, personal factors, social and environmental factors, management factors, government factors and challenges) and the consequences of spending leisure time. 3. MethodologyThis research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling whose data was collected in the field. The statistical population of this research includes the students of the city of Basra, Iraq, and to determine the sample size in this research, the method of 10 times the number of items of the research tool was used, and based on this, 470 students were selected. As a statistical sample, after distributing the questionnaires in person and online among these people and collecting them and removing incomplete questionnaires, 436 questionnaires without defects were selected and entered into the relevant software for analysis. In order to analyze the research data Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Descriptive statistics were used to classify raw scores, calculate frequencies and calculate dispersion indices such as mean and standard deviation. In the inferential statistics section, first the skewness and kurtosis test for data distribution, and after confirming the normality of the data distribution, the one-sample t-test to determine the importance of the investigated variable and its components in terms of the sample, Kendall's W test to prioritize the components, correlation test Pearson was used to determine the relationship between variables, simultaneous regression test was used to predict the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable and structural equation modeling. In this research, SPSS 23, SMART PLS 3 and Excel 2010 software were used for data analysis. 4. ResultsThe results of the research showed that the average scores of the content type of physical education and all its components indicate a favorable situation, so that their average score was reported to be more than 3. The significance levels, which are all less than 0.01, can be said that there is a significant difference between the average type of physical education content and its components with the hypothetical average. It was also found that there is a significant priority between the components of the type of physical education content, according to which, the most important priority is related to the component of "related skills in ball games" and the components of "indigenous local games, fair play and cooperation", "active lifestyle and Healthy", "explaining the rules of sports" and "coordination, strength and agility" are in the second to sixth priorities. It was also found that there is a significant priority among the components of the physical education teaching method, and accordingly, the most important priority related to It consists of "student-centered education" and "teacher-centered education". "Technology-oriented" education and "using educational aid tools" are in the second to fourth priorities. It was also found that there is a significant priority among the components of the quality of leisure time, according to which, the most important priority is related to the "religious activity" component. and the components of "educational classes". Unscheduled activities, "sports activity", "recreational activity", "artistic activity", "study" and "face-to-face communication" are in the second to eighth priorities. Finally, the structural equation model of the relationship between the type of content and the teaching method of physical education with The quality of free time of Iraqi elementary school students has a significant fit 5. ConclusionAs a result, by enriching their free time, through various sports, useful and valuable achievements can be provided for students and their families so that we can witness a healthy society and a productive generation. Therefore, according to this finding, it can be said that physical education teachers can use appropriate content for each age group and use appropriate teaching methods, especially with the active participation of students in the process of teaching physical education courses. Helping to attract these people to sports and physical activities and increasing the quality of students' free time is the future capital of the country.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the entrepreneurial attitude of sports science students. In terms of purpose, the current research was applied and descriptive survey of correlation and structural equations. The studied community included all students of physical education and sports sciences of Tehran University in the four majors of sports management, sports physiology, pathology and corrective movements and movement behavior in the academic year of 1400-1401. Using Morgan and Krejcie sample size determination table and random sampling method, were selected 217 students. In order to collect data, the personality characteristics questionnaire of Kurd naij et al. (2016) was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the research findings. For this purpose, SPSS version 26 and Amos version 24 software were used. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the dimension of need for success between students of different orientations, and no significant difference was observed in attitude and other dimensions. A significant difference was observed between sports management students and sports physiology students and between sports management students and motor behavior students in the dimension of need for success. Also, the average need for success of sports management students was higher than that of sports physiology and movement behavior students. The findings of the present research can lead to the improvement of economic conditions and increase of national welfare by applying and using entrepreneurship in different sectors including small and medium companies, education, finance and industry sectors.

Today, spin-offs are considered as a major commercial and economic value in the mission of the new generation of most universities in developed countries. But these companies have not been able to fulfill greatly their main mission in Iranian universities, especially in the field of sport. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying strategies and consequences of establishing university spin-offs in the field of sport in the country. The present study was conducted using a qualitative method with an exploration-fundamental nature. The research data were collected through subjective sampling and based on deep semi-structured interviews with experts in this field (university professors, knowledge-based companies' managers, startups, university Spin-Offs, science and technology parks, growth centers, elites in the field of sport entrepreneurship). The number of participants in this study reached 22 using the theoretical saturation index and the findings were analyzed in open, axial and selective coding. Findings indicate that categories such as human, environmental, legal infrastructure, environmental links, sport mother Spin-Offs, educational developments, consulting teams, financial resources, technical resources, central idea, creativity et e were among the strategies for of this study that can help to country economic self-sufficiency, employment creation, new sport businesses, extend university spin-offs in the field of Sport, comprehensive growth of sport, commercialization of sport findings and entrepreneurship of sport science colleges in Iran.

The aim of the current research was to provide a model of student recruitment in physical education conservatories. The current research is qualitative with thematic analysis strategy and of an exploratory type, which collects data using documentary studies and then with 17 experts in this field, including managers, supervisors, art students and physical education teachers of conservatories, staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. and education, university professors of sports management and experts in the field of physical education were interviewed and data analysis was done through coding in this research in an open, central and selective manner. Also, Max QDA software version 2020 was used to analyze the qualitative data of the research. After reviewing the interviews and analyzing the opinions of experts and specialists, finally, 57 indicators were identified in the recruitment of physical education schools, which were categorized into six main factors and 13 sub-factors. The way of selecting students to enter physical education conservatories is in an unfavorable condition, which can be improved with the careful planning and supervision of the responsible institutions, especially education, and to attract talented personnel and prepare them to enter the university and specialized labor market of physical education.

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the effective factors in the development of children's sports and physical activity -a contextual model and was conducted using the qualitative research method and data-based strategy based on Strauss and Corbin's approach (systematic method).

The method of conducting the current research was qualitative, which was used to build the conceptual model of the research using the foundational data theory method and a systematic design. The statistical population of the research was all the experts who were knowledgeable in the field of children's sports development and physical activities, who were in two scientific and executive groups. Sampling was done in a targeted manner, and theoretical saturation was achieved with 16 interviews. Finally, the information obtained from the interview was analyzed in MAXQDA software version 2020.

The results of this research indicate the identification of 3 main categories in the field of causal conditions (family factor, health factor and social relations factor) and 5 cases in contextual conditions (individual and family, infrastructural and equipment, support, economic and managerial conditions). Intervenor (manpower, organization, media activities, control and evaluation and legislation) 7 strategies (sports facilities and equipment, evaluation and control, human power, culture and information, encouragement and motivation, financial and organization) and 5 consequences (physical and mental, social, educational, educational and development of championship sports).

It seems that considering the identified factors in the development of sports and children's activities in childhood and trying to promote sports culture, it can solve some problems in the field of children's sports and lead the society to a healthy life.

The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers to optimal energy management in Tehran's arenas. This research was done in a qualitative method and a thematic analysis approach. Research participants included sports facilities managers and experts in sports facilities energy management. We Interviewed 15 subjects by a purposive sampling method. The results showed that the barriers to optimal energy management in Tehran's arenas include inadequate energy management, lack of economic management, lack of optimal energy management infrastructure, community neglect of optimal energy management, lack of new technologies that can be used in places. Sports is the lack of attention to climate design, lack of practical management of sports facilities, lack of attention to environmental pollution control, lack of attention to sustainable development and environmental protection in optimal energy management. According to the results, proper and principled planning and application of energy management principles in these places can play an important role in increasing productivity and efficiency.

 In the third millennium, political, economic, geographical, and technological changes have had a profound effect on organizations. The speed of these changes, along with the increase in global competition, has forced organizations to reorganize their activities by rethinking new marketing methods (Veynberg et al, 2018). In this regard, sports organizations to increase their competitiveness, need to use various tools to be able to facilitate the achievement of predetermined goals and results (Hautbois, 2019). Among these sports organizations are federations, which play an important role in developing and developed countries. Sports federations operate in a competitive and dynamic environment; An environment in which internal and external variables are constantly changing and it is very difficult to predict these changes (Shamounian et al, 2019). Due to the high sensitivity in the current sports industry and in order to achieve effectiveness in marketing programs, recognizing the dimensions of managerial competencies has become a vital factor in sports success. In fact, strong managerial competencies in contemporary sports management can be a source of significant competitive advantage (Frawley et al, 2018). On the other hand, another component that provides the necessary context for the emergence of managerial competencies is structural capital (Matos et al, 2017). In this regard Swanson et al (2020) in their research, they concluded that managerial competencies have a significant positive effect on knowledge sharing and job performance of employees. Neumeyer & Liu (2021) also concluded that the adoption of new (digital) technologies can significantly contribute to a company's short-term and long-term competitive advantages. In the new era, the professionalization of sports and the performance of sports organizations, along with the increase in organizational and non-organizational areas of sports, has forced managers and employees of sports organizations to seek new processes in their field of performance beyond traditional concepts (Dellitalia, 2018). In addition, sports federations, especially the Karate Federation, have faced many problems in purchasing equipment and supplies, sending their teams to international competitions, holding training camps, holding training competitions, and so on. Given the above, the researcher seeks to answer this question: Is there a relationship between managerial competencies and structural capital with the effectiveness of marketing programs of the Karate Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran?
The research is an applied one and in terms of data collection method is a correlational research based on structural equation modeling which was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study includes all members of the Karate Federation (president, vice president, vice president of women, secretary of the federation, staff of the federation (various committees and staff of other departments) (43 people), members of provincial karate boards (presidents, vice president, finance officer, teachers The provincial karate boards (124 people) and experts in the field of karate included first-class coaches, judges, and national athletes (56 people). All members of the community were identified as a total of 223 people. In this study, the Cutler and Keller (2006) marketing program effectiveness questionnaire, Nwokah, & Ahiauzu (2008) and Shakarian (2013) structural capital questionnaires were used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors and the construct validity was confirmed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
According to the results of Pearson correlation test, it is observed that between managerial competencies and structural capital (Sig = 0.001, r = 0.873), between managerial competencies and the effectiveness of marketing programs (Sig = 0.001, 0.778). r) And there is a significant positive relationship between structural capital and the effectiveness of marketing programs (Sig = 0.001, r = 0.894). After examining the relationship between research variables, the research model was designed in AMOS software version 24.
The results of structural equation modeling showed that managerial competencies have a significant positive effect on the effectiveness of Karate Federation marketing programs. Also, based on the findings of the structural equation model, it was observed that structural capital has a significant positive effect on the effectiveness of the marketing programs of the Karate Federation. The research findings are in line with the results of Neumeyer & Liu (2021) research. In addition, based on the findings of the research model, it was observed that managerial competencies have a significant positive effect on the structural assets of the Karate Federation. This research finding is in line with the results of Swanson et al (2020) research. Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that the marketing director of the Karate Federation coordinate with the director of research, production, procurement, physical and financial distribution, etc., so that different marketing opportunities serve the needs of important marketing departments, territories and presentation. Design services. In addition, it is recommended that the unit manager in the Karate Sports Federation have the appropriate information to plan and properly allocate resources in different markets, products, domains and marketing tools to create effective marketing.

 In today's world, change and dynamism of organizations is one of the basic principles that managers according to the principle must modify the systems in such a way as to be compatible with environmental conditions. Process automation and the use of standard methodologies for process design in large organizations lead to the achievement of strategic business goals such as reducing total costs, controlling risk and protecting intellectual property. The business process management system is presented with the aim of automating the workflow of organizational processes and the possibility of creating monitoring and management of processes. These systems try to manage the entire life cycle of processes from definition and modeling to execution and optimization under IT-based tools. The risky nature of business process management requires a careful examination of the key factors of success and failure. As the name implies, the goal of any key success approach is to identify the set of factors that the manager has considered for his or her success. The key success factors identified for business process management are often specific. The key to the success of a country's or an industry's operating companies is seldom acknowledged by other countries. Organizations have many potential technologies and operational factors that can play an important role in the success and failure of business process management projects. Limiting this set of factors, which are crucial, is necessary to reduce the complexities of decision-making and management. Given these complexities, organizations need to focus on key success factors, especially to implement business process management. By better understanding the key success factors of the business process, an organization can easily identify similar solutions to eliminate or prevent the most common causes of implementation failure. According to what was stated, in this study, we tried to identify the key factors of success in the process of sports businesses in Iran and then provide a model for classifying these factors so that Iranian sports businesses can use it specifically to implement the process management system. Evaluate the business in your organization and in addition, due to the lack of extensive and correct use of this system in organizations, this model can be a guide for suppliers and users in the country. 

This research is applied in terms of purpose and due to the combination of qualitative and quantitative research is part of mixed research. The interviewees in the study included managers, marketing professors, business owners, startups, and sports entrepreneurs across the country. The statistical population was a small part of the same people in addition to graduate students in the field of physical education and the final questionnaire was given to them. 275 questionnaires were answered correctly. In this research, grounded theory was used. Data analysis was performed in two sections: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using Smart PLS and SPSS software. 

The data were divided into 10 concepts by examining open codes and analyzing them. These concepts include infrastructure and supportive (5 codes), business plan (7 codes), access to capital (4 codes), legality (5 codes), branding (3 codes), networking (5 codes), entrepreneurship readiness (3 codes), technology (4 codes), demanding (5 codes) and advertising and marketing (5 codes). The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the research model has a good fit and its validity and reliability were confirmed and the key factors of success in sports businesses derive from the identified components. Finally, the results of Friedman ranking test showed that there is a significant difference among the components of key factors of success of sports businesses, and the highest average and 1st rank is related to access to capital and the lowest average and 10th rank is related to technology.

From the research sample point of view, the existence of capital is the most important factor for the development and success of a sports business; This result also seems logical because despite the initial and large capital, the development of businesses is accelerating, and on the other hand, many sports businesses require high initial costs that are beyond the ability of everyone. So this finding is justified. The second priority is related to the business plan. In all the findings, it was directly stated that a sports startup without a preliminary plan is a useless and already failed task, because despite today's volatile market, one cannot succeed without planning and business plan. So it is not surprising that the second priority from the perspective of the research sample is related to this factor. The third priority is related to the component of legality. As in the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, legitimacy was highly correlated with the success of sports businesses; it is also a priority here. Legality specifically refers to sports business owners making sure that they have the right to own their idea, that the rules are not rigid, that they prevent corruption, and that they contribute to success in general. The fourth priority was the networking component, which ensures the long-term success of a sports business. Networking must be embedded in all the principles of a sports business in order to envision operational plans for the future and lead to the development of the sports business. Therefore, this component should be one of the most important priorities. The fifth priority is related to the advertising and marketing component. It is obvious that many of the products and services consumed are due to modern advertising and marketing practices. Therefore, advertising and marketing for any sports business should be one of their main programs that can be successful in its shadow. Next, the priority was related to the components of demanding, entrepreneurship readiness, infrastructure and supportive, branding and technology, each of which in turn has a great impact on the success of sports businesses.

Nowadays, the security process is among the most important and essential planning issues in the realm of the activity of the football competitions’ organizers; because football is the center of attention and many people belonging to various classes of society presence are interested in watching football matches in stadiums. In this regard, maintaining security and peace in the society is the most important task of the police force. Therefore, the present research was carried out with the aim of identifying strategies to combat vandalism in the stadiums of the Premier Football League of Iran.

The present research aims to achieve applied outcomes and was of exploratory type. For this purpose, theoretical saturation was achieved with 19 experts in a purposeful judgment and using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The data was collected using an exploratory approach through the identification process and its analysis using the qualitative software: MaxQD. Also, the validity of the research was taken into consideration by using issues such as the accurate selection of samples, simultaneous data collection and analysis, consistency in the research methodology, and the repeated reliability of the test.

According to the findings of the research, the monitoring and security, educational, technical, managerial, safety, communication, and environmental components were recognized as the main strategies to combat the occurrence of vandalism. Also, according to the observed frequency, the concept of security with an importance factor of 133, event management with an importance factor of 114, infrastructure and communication networks each with an importance factor of 102, and risk assessment with an importance factor of 101 had the highest importance coefficients among other concepts.
The results of the current research emphasize the attention paid to the supervisory and security, educational, technical, managerial, safety, communication, and environmental approaches in combating the occurrence of vandalism in the stadiums of the Premier Football League of Iran. In this context, attention should be paid to factors such as the provision of facilities, control the stadium by digital cameras, the presence of trained police before and after the match, security measures of the external environment around the sports stadium, special supervision of the security team in decisive games, protection of sports venues against poisonous substances, the appropriate price of the ticket is suggested taking into account the conditions of society and the management of information conditions and the reflection of public opinion in order to prevent the occurrence of vandalism in sports stadiums.

The present study was conducted with the purpose of identifying the solutions and consequences of preventing Students' Hate and Leaving of Sport.

The purpose of the research was applied and the research method was qualitative. For this purpose, theoretical saturation was achieved with 21 experts in a purposeful judgment and using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The data was collected using an exploratory approach through the identification process and its analysis using the qualitative software MaxQD. Also the retest reliability of the test was used.

In the current research, 104 indicators in the form of 14 concepts (use of knowledge and practice science, attention to personality-psychological characteristics, development of public sports, elimination of inappropriate habits in sports environments, advertising and promotion, economic, facilitating access, role of government and officials, Increasing participation, increasing awareness, improving the physical-psychological condition of society, changing beliefs, professional development, educational development) were identified.

The current research emphasizes on the factors of motivational strategies, culture building, structural strategies, acculturation of sports in the society, increase of public health and development of sports infrastructures in preventing students from hating and practicing sports. In this context, paying attention to factors such as the construction and location of sports facilities in the school environment, increasing the hours of physical education in schools, preparation of sports programs on radio and television, holding morning sport programs, invite famous sport figures and offer discounts to teenagers in order to prevent students from hating and leaving of sport it is suggested.

The study is to identify consequences and providing solutions to social responsibility development of famous athlete. The research was descriptive and applied which utilized a thematic analysis. The population included all of the experts in the field of social responsibility in sport, in three scientific, executive and sports groups. The researchers interviewed 16 subjects by a purposive sampling method.  In the section of providing solutions, 50 open codes were obtained which put in 9 categories. Finally, we obtained seven categories of advertising-media, policy making, research, motivation, culture making, individual development, and communication. In the section of the consequences of social responsibility development, 52 open codes were obtained in 13 categories which ranked in 13 categories. Finally, five categories were obtained: sustainable development, sports development, political development, cultural development, and individual-organizational development. According to the valuable consequences of athletes' social responsibilities for society, it is recommended to form a social responsibility association in all sports organizations.

The purpose of the present study was to The Role of Ethical Values of TV Advertising of Sports Products on customer behavioral intentions. This research is a descriptive-correlational study in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study includes all customers of sporting goods in Tehran. Due to the unlimited research population (N <100,000) according to Morgan table, 384 customers of sporting goods customers were selected by simple random sampling. Questionnaires of Customer Intentions Behavior Questionnaires and Advertising Ethics questionnaires were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics (tables and frequency distribution charts) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, path analysis, structural equation modeling) were used for data analysis. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between honesty in advertising, attention to human dignity, attention to health and health, attention to healthy economic competition, and transparency of information provided with customer behavioral intentions. Explain 66% of the variance in customer behavioral intentions. Among the principles of ethical values of honesty in advertising has the most influence on customer behavioral intentions.

This study was conducted with the purpose of identifying The Causes of Hatred of Sports and Overtraining in Students. The purpose of the research was applied and the research method was qualitative. Theoretical saturation was achieved with 21 experts in a purposeful judgment and using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The data was collected using an exploratory approach through the identification process and its analysis using the qualitative software MAXQDA. In the current research, there are 107 indicators in the form of 11 concepts (physical, psychological, educational-cognitive elements, individual experiences, informational-knowledge, transpersonal, teachers' professional weakness, security-safety, beliefs, support and economic-scientific) and 4 categories (intrapersonal, extrapersonal, environmental-physical and structural-organizational factors were identified. The current research emphasizes on the factors of the intra-personal, extra-personal, environmental-physical and structural-organizational levels in preventing students from hating and Overtraining sports. In this context, attention should be paid to factors such as the implementation of the sports fields that students like in schools, making the sports fields attractive in schools, increasing the hours of physical education in schools, providing sports spaces and sufficient facilities to schools, preparing programs on radio and television in order to familiarize students with knowledge. Students with the benefits of sports, reducing the rent of gyms, showing successful sports people who did not interfere with their studies, identifying the sports talent of students by parents and coaches, using experienced and tested teachers, and holding counseling sessions for sports coaches and parents. In order to prevent students from hating and practicing sports, it is suggested.

The purpose of this study was to model the personality and popularity brand on the behavior of sport products consumers. The research method was correlational with the structural equation model approach. The study population included customers of sport stores in Tehran, 384 of whom were selected as a sample using the random-cluster method. To collect data, the Brand Personality Questionnaire of Jones et al. (2009), the Brand Popularity Questionnaire of Kim and Ku (2012), and the Instrumental Purchase Intention et al. (2014) were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and their reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha above 0.7. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson’s Correlation and SEM were used to analyze the data. The results of the research model showed that brand personality had a significant positive effect on consumer behavior and on brand popularity; and brand popularityhad a significant impact on consumer behavior. Brand popularity also had a mediating role in the relationship between brand personality and consumer behavior. The results of this study emphasized the need for managers to pay attention to attractiveness, uniqueness, dynamics, boldness, simplicity, transparency, value, responsibility, credibility and reliability of the sport brand to achieve new marketing in the sport industry.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of marketing capabilities on creating competitive advantage for sport clubs in the days of the COVID_ 19 pandemic. The research method was correlation with the SEM approach. The statistical population was the customers of bodybuilding sport clubs in Tehran, of which 411 people were selected by cluster-random sampling. In order to collect data, Atuahene‐Gima (1993) and Porter's Competitive Advantage Questionnaire (2002) were used. In data analysis, descriptive statistics (frequency tables and graphs) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and path analysis) were used. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between marketing capabilities and competitive advantage of clubs in the days of the COVID_ 19 pandemic. Also it was found that the marketing capabilities of 76% of the total variance explain the changes in the competitive advantage of sport clubs. The results of this study emphasize the strengthen of indicators such as promotion activities, customer service, distinctive service, marketing research, customer relationship in sport marketing policies in order to achieve competitive advantage in the days of the COVID_ 19 pandemic, especially sustainable and homogeneous competitive advantage.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of green marketing mixes and mental image on the intention of students to return to sport Olympiads. The research method was correlation with the structural equation model approach. The statistical population included all managers, physical education teachers and high school students in Tehran, 331 of them selected as a sample by random-cluster method. To collect data from 3 questionnaires Ranaei Green Marketing (2012), the mental image of Boo et al (2009) and intention to return Mohammadi (2017) were used. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and their reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha of 0.806, 0.856 and 0.800, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze. It was found that the green marketing mixes and mental image had a significant positive effect on students 'intention to return to Olympiads and green marketing mixes had a significant positive effect on students' mental image. The results emphasize the need to improve the quality of the Olympiad by moving towards green sport services, green advertising, environmentally friendly sport fields, mental image creating environmental attitudes and suitable environmental space for maximum participation of students in sport Olympiads.

Sports parks are one of the places that can help facilitate public sports in the community. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of physical factors and security of sports parks in promoting the nostalgia of Tehran citizens to public sports.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and based on structural equation modeling in terms of research method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens participating in public sports in Tehran who had at least 3 months of continuous presence in parks in Tehran. Morgan table was used to obtain the sample size and the sample size was estimated to be 382 people. In this study, cluster random sampling method was used. All statistical calculations of this study were performed using SPSS statistical software and analyzes related to structural equation modeling using Amos software.

Upon completion of the coding, the security-social consequences of the event in the two areas of positive and constructive social impacts, including infrastructure and urban development, economic benefits, community solidarity, social and cultural exchanges, improved positive attitudes to society, learning opportunities and social interactions, and The categories of adverse effects and security-social disadvantages were categorized as economic costs, traffic hazards, security risks, environmental concerns and social disturbances.

Appropriate physical factors, if present in a safe and secure environment, create positive emotions for participants in sports and lead to a sense of satisfaction from participating in sports activities. It is in this way that the memories of interacting with others and dating in sports activities become positive and people's desire for sports increases.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the amount of sports walking (case study of police force employees).

The statistical population included all the male employees of the Khorasan Razavi police force, of which 384 were selected as a sample by stratified sampling. The Face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha above 0.7. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Friedman's test and t-test were used in SPSS version 26 software.

The results of the research showed that internal motivations and external motivations were recognized as factors driving the participation of police command staff in sports walking. Also, according to psychological-personal factors, not having access to facilities, facilities and facilities and lack of interest were among the factors preventing the participation of police command staff in sports walking.

The results of the current research on the need to strengthen indicators such as strengthening the internal and external motivations of employees, suitable sports facilities and equipment, preparing arrangements for the movement of military forces during work or leisure time, establishing organizational rules, determining rewards, creating social connections, holding competitions. Sports and introduction of selected athletes, holding sports workshops and conferences, examining the psychological and individual issues of employees and using various sports activities in order to make employees interested in sports are emphasized.

Having a good image of the destination is a very important place in tourism development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of personal and environmental information sources on the image gap of sports tourists.  The present study was applied and in terms of purpose was descriptive-correlational researches thatdata have been collected in the field. The statistical population of the study consisted of all tourists of Tochal, Dizin Shemshak and Abali ski resorts with at least 6 months of continuous presence or at least five times per year. To obtain the sample size, the Cochran's unlimited community sample size was used The sample size was estimated N=272. In this study, purposive random sampling method was used. All statistical calculations of this study were performed using SPSS statistical software and analyzes related to structural equation modeling using Amos software. The results showed that the mean score of the status of personal information resources, environmental information resources and the image gap of sports tourists and all its components indicated an unfavorable situation. There is a positive and significant relationship between personal and environmental information sources and the image gap of the destination of sports tourists, which means that with the improvement and increase of personal and environmental information sources, the level of the image gap of the destination of sports tourists will improve relatively well. Destination managers need to make sure that the information transmitted from different sources of information is attractive enough to attract potential tourists and provide an image that is close to reality.

Background and Violence in sports (both on and off the field) has been seen as a major social problem. in recent years, the concept of social violence has become more important in research. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of virtual social networks on the incidence of social violence in football stadiums. In terms of purpose, the present research was practical and in terms of research strategy was a correlational research with a structural equation model approach. The statistical population of the research consisted of all sports fans. According to the approaches of determining the sample size in structural equation modeling, 220 people were determined as samples, and they were selected as samples. In data analysis, descriptive statistics were used for data classification, and in inferential statistics, Pearson correlation test, regression and structural equation model were used in Amos and SPSS software. The results of Pearson's correlation test showed that there is a significant positive relationship between virtual social networks and social violence in football stadiums. The results of regression and path analysis showed that social influence and perceived enjoyment have a significant positive effect on social violence in football stadiums. The results of the structural equation model showed that virtual social networks have a significant positive effect on social violence in football stadiums. There is no proper training and supervision in the field of using virtual networks in the country; For this reason, inappropriate behaviors are formed in virtual networks and these inappropriate behaviors take place in the form of social violence when watching sports in sports environments.