فهرست مطالب حمید ملاحسینی

In a two-year field experiment, the effects of combined application of manure and trace elements of iron, zinc and boron on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cantaloupe cultivar Semsouri in a calcareous soil was studied. Application of manure and trace elements increased yield, yield components and TSS (Total soluble solids). The highest cantaloupe yield(43.9 tons per hectare) and the highest average number of fruits per cantaloupe plant (4.45) were obtained from the application of 40 tons per hectare of manure and foliar application of iron, zinc and boron that increased 36 and 41% compared to the control treatment, respectively. Also, the percentage of TSS increased with the application of manure and foliar application of microelements, especially boron. The highest TSS (sugar) of cantaloupe was obtained at 9% from the application of 40 tons per hectare of manure and foliar application of iron, zinc and boron, which was 49% more than the control treatment. Data indicated that there was a significant correlation between the percentage of soluble solids in fruit and the concentration of cantaloupe leaf boron that the equation of this regression model followed the linear model.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of coated nanosilicon oxide with humic acid (coHA-nSi) on yield, ion composition and salt tolerance of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in 2017-2018. The experiment was performed in the form of split-plot based on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates under greenhouse condition. The main plot was salinity levels including 2 (control), 3.5 and 5 dS/m. The sub plots was SiO2-nanoparticles including Control (without nanosilicon oxide), uncoated nanosilicon oxide (0.5 g/l) and coated nanosilicon oxide (0.5 g/l) which were applied in multi leave stage (15 days after planting) and flowering stages (50 days after planting). The results demonstrated that the salinity stress decreased yield and its compouents significantly. The application of coated nano silicon oxide increased significantly the seed weight (18.9%) and biomass dry weight (8.9%), dry root weight (23.7), number of capsules (24%) and number of seed (15.9%), harvest index (10.5%) and relative leaf moisture content (20.7%) and decreased significantly the ionic leakage (IL, 18.1%) compared to the uncoated nanoparticles. Also, it increased the uptake of leaf nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium and calcium. Therefore, it is concluded that the silicon nanooxide coated with humic acid could increase the effect of this nanoparticle on salinity tolerance indices, quantitative and qualitative traits of black seed under saline conditions.

to investigate the efficiency of Phytoremediation with sunflower corn and turnip, a study was conducted in 2016-2017 in agricultural lands in the south of Tehran using a complete randomized block design. Cadmium was present in all three parts of the leaves stems and sunflower seeds. the highest concentrations were observed in the leaves (0.54 mg / kg dry matter). The highest levels of iron uptake were in all three sunflower corn and turnip plants in the root zone, and its concentration in the root was significantly higher than in other parts of the plant. Cadmium biomass in sunflower and corn was 0.59 and 0.12, respectively. The manganese transfer factor in sunflower, corn and turnip was 1.88, 1.30 and 2.30, respectively. Among the three studied plants, the transfer of zinc, manganese and copper elements in the sunflower plant was 4.99, 1.88 and 2.21 respectively, which indicates the strength of its Phytoremediation . In most cases, the concentration of elements in the aerial parts of the studied plants was sufficient, but the use of plants with high adsorption capacity at the same time with wastewater consumption prevents the accumulation of these elements in the soil and the product will be usable.

In order to evaluate the effects of silicone nano oxide coated with humic acid and salicylic acid on some morphological parameters and ionic composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under salinity stress, two set of experiments were conducted (in lab. and greenhouse) during 2016-2017. First, silicone nano oxide was coated by different concentrations of humic acid (40-1600 mg l-1) in the presence of salicylic acid (pH=4) and at different times (0.5 to 120 hours) to maximize the coverage and energy absorption. Then, the effects of coated silicone nano oxide were evaluated in salinity stress in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. The salinity treatment was applied in three levels including 2 ds m-1 as control, 3.5 and 5 ds m-1 with irrigation. The coated silicone nano oxide treatments included 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 g l-1, applied via irrigation at two growth stages of black cumin (vegetative and reproductive). The results of laboratory experiment showed that by increasing humic acid concentration and exposure time (in presence of salicylic acid), the carbon adsorption rate increased from 6.6 to 11.9 mg g-1. However, the size of silicone nano oxide was not significantly different (20 to 30 nanometers). Results of analysis of variance showed that changes in dry weight of shoot, root, plant height, shoot/root ratio, number of branches, relative water content, and potassium in the salinity treatments and coated nanoparticles were independently significant. It is concluded that the silicone nano oxide coated with humic acid and salicylic acid can result in increased salinity tolerance of the black cumin through reducing the amount and frequency of these materials.

IntroductionThe potato of commerce (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an annual dicot species. It is an autotetraploid with 4x=48 chromosomes. In Iran the consumption per capita of potato is over the 35 kg. Potato production is usually done without reducing yield in the irrigation water salinity 1-2 dS m-1, but 4.2 dS m-1 salinity reduces yield by 26 percent. 10, 25 and 50 percent yield reduction have been reported in soil electrical conductivity 2.5, 3.8 and 5.9 dS m-1, respectively . Between the ability of plant species to maintain potassium levels and their tolerance to salinity is positive correlation and on this basis nutritional irregularity due to increased salinity can be compensated by increasing of potassium fertilizer. In tolerant plant species, during times of increased salinity, selective absorption of potassium increased. The ability of plants to maintain a certain level of K/Na within the cell is essential for salt tolerance and sometimes of these ratios is used as indicators of salinity tolerance. Potato yield in response to salt stress, according to a variety of uses, can be reduced from 20 to 85 percent. Harmful effects of salinity in the beginning stages of tubers and tuber growth stage are important, therefore, tuber number and tuber size are two important components of yield which may reduce in the effect of salinity. Accelerate the aging process of the shoot, unwanted earliness, are of the reasons for the reduction in tuber size.
Materials and MethodsA field experiment was conducted in the agricultural and natural resources research center (31° 32´ N, 51° 51´ E), Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. According to twenty years statistics, rainfall and temperature means for experiment location were 110 mm and 25 °C, respectively. The experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were three levels of foliar K application (control, K sulphate 10 ppm, and 2.5 ppm of potassium oxide), and the number of times foliar spray were included in one (start flowering), two (full emergence of flowers), and three (two weeks after full flowering stage) times. Potato (CV. Ramus) was planted in plots 1.5 × 6 m in February 24 and harvested in 24 May in the both years. Row and plant spacing’s were 75 and 20 cm, respectively. Irrigation (furrow) was applied when the soil moisture in the root zone declined to 60-65 percent of field capacity. To determine the irrigation time tensiometers placed at 15- and 30-cm depths responded to changes in soil water. To measure the tuber yield (after eliminating the edges), the whole tuber yield was measured on each plot. Tubers with size less than 35 mm were considered as non-salable tuber yield. An irrigation water productivity index based on the formula Tanner and Sinclair (1983) was calculated. Irrigation Water Productivity = Y/WC. In this formula, Y is the product of economic performance and WC is the consumed water. During the interval between the first and last spray, pressure chamber apparatus(Arimad-2 Japan) for measuring the youngest leaves water potential was used (hours 8-6 am). During the growing season, weeds were hand-weeding. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by SAS and means Fisher’s Protected LSD (5%) was used for mean separation.
Result and DiscussionsThe results of this study showed that salable yield with three times K sulfate spraying (Ps×3S), and potassium oxide treatments sprayed with two and three times (Po×2S and Po×3S) were significantly more than to other treatments, but did not find statistically significant differences among these three treatments. Tuber weight was the most important component that significantly affected by the interaction of potassium sprayed and its frequency. Three times foliar sprays of potassium sulfate (Ps×3S) and two and three times potassium oxide foliar application (Po×2S and Po×3S), showed 19, 17 and 21% increase in compared to the control treatment, respectively. Control, and even once treated by foliar potassium (Sulphate or potassium oxide) had lower harvest index values than the other treatments. The negative effect of irrigation with saline water on assimilate partitioning to the tuber is cause of the reduction of harvest index. Water use efficiency with foliar application of three times potassium sulfate or potassium oxide was 27% higher than the control treatment (4.5 kg m-3). The use of sufficient potassium in such a situation is not only necessary to maintain osmotic potency, the continuation of assimilates in phloem, and loading these vessels but also plays an important role in detoxification of sodium ions. In salinity stress, accelerated aging and earliness shoot unintentionally, are the reasons for the reduction in tuber size.
ConclusionsThe results showed that foliar application of potassium, especially in two or three times (depending on the type of fertilizer application) can result in harmful effects of salinity and leads to an increase in tuber yield. In relation to foliar K application, some cases are necessary: First, due to the sensitivity of potato to fungal diseases, foliar application of fungicides and K fertilizers can be simultaneously tested in salt stress conditions. Second, the salinity considered for this study was 6.1 dS m-1. This amount of salinity to the potatoes is too much so it may be recommendable to spray less frequently at lower salinity levels.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen and plant density on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of silage maize (cv. SC704) in Varamin experimental field station in three consecutive growing seasons (2000-2002). The experiment was arranged in split plot, using randomizd compble block design (RCBD) with three replications. Four levels of nitrogen induding; No nitrogen fertilizer (N0), nitrogen fertilizer equal to the recommended rate based on soil test (N180), nitrogen fertilizer 30% more than recommended rate and nitrogen fertilizer 30% less than recommended rate (N230 and N130, respectively) assigned to main plots and plant density at four levels; 70 thousand plant/ha (D70), 90 thousand plants/ha (D90), 110 thousand plants/ha (D110) and 130 thousand plants/ha (D130) randomized in sub-plots. Combined analysis of variance showed that different nitrogen levels did not significantly affect total dry matter yield, stem, leaf, cobb, protein yield, diameter and plant height. Plant density significantly affected ear and leaf dry matter yield at 5% probability level, and interaction of nitrogen and plant density was significant on ear dry matter yield at 1% probability level. The highest dry matter 10.2 T/ha was produced in D130, treatment. Total dry matter 11.4, 11.3 and 10.2 T/ha, leaf dry matter yield of 2.2, 1.2 and 1.3 T/ha, cobb dry matter yield 3.3, 3.4 and 3.4 T/ha and protein yield 0.9, 0.8 and 0.7 Kg/ha were recorded in N230D110, N230D130, N180D130, respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that by increasing plant density to more than 50% of recommended and using of nitrogen fertilizer equal to the recommended rates based on soil test, can increase yield of silage maize and its quality.