فهرست مطالب مریم عابدی

According to the structural ideology of the Shi’a, the Imam fulfills the role of guidance that is in line with his abilities for involving the mankind and the masses to the extent of the world by provoking hearts and souls in aims of leading people to their divine destination while he holds religious and political authority. The following impact of the Imam’s leadership is what is known as Wilāyat-e-Takvīnī (Formative Authority) which manifests as a practical form while also emotionally manifesting itself by affecting people’s hearts. The purpose of Wilāyat-e-Takvīnī is the power to hold tenure in the existing universe if Allah grants so; however, with compliance to Allah’s regards, this power becomes abundant and most reliably trusted for tenure in land. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical method with dependence on a library-like research method to render the realizations and impacts of such authoritativeness and ways to obtain it. Studies reveal that Wilāyat-e-Takvīnī is undoubtedly a definite attribute of the infallible Imams (as) and is not independent of Allah’s will and approbation, therefore, this principle is in agreement with both Tawḥīd and Wilāyat of Allah (Allah’s oneness and righteous propriety.) Following the previously elaborated doctrine, the principle of Allah’s Tawḥīd and Wilāyat encompasses both convictions of Wilāyat-e-Takvīnī and Hidāyat-e-Bātinī (inner guidance) while it establishes them in three separate domains; finally, it sheds light on the impactful fruition of Hidāyat (guidance) on the “heart” and “knowledge” while it presents itself in deeds, answers to prayers and increased abundance of blessings.

Since cultivation time have important role on wheat yield in Khuzestan province, calibrated AquaCrop was used in this study to determine the effect of cultivation time in three pilots in Kosar irrigation network. Considering that wheat is cultivated on November, three dates in each decade were chosen for simulation. The results showed that AquaCrop had good accuracy for simulation of wheat yield and water use efficiency. EF and d values for yield (0.6 and 0.99) and water use efficiency (0.08 and 0.99) revealed that this model had acceptable efficiency. Results showed that wheat yield for first, second and third decade were 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7 ton.ha-1, respectively. Average yield in pilot 1, 2 and 3 were 3.9, 3.6 and 3.2 ton.ha-1, respectively. Water use efficiency for first, second and third decade were 1.06, 1.05 and 1.05 kg.m-3, respectively. Average water use efficiency for pilot 1, 2 and 3 were 0.94, 1.07 and 1.15 kg.m-3, respectively. If it is necessary to increase yield, it is necessary to cultivate wheat in third decade of November. Beside this, it is recommended to manage irrigation use and decrease irrigation applied when it is raining. This leads us to increase water use efficiency.

Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. So, use of crop models helps to have an acceptable estimation of its grain yield in different conditions. Regarding that, in order to evaluate AquaCrop, as one of the most useful crop model, under different irrigation water condition in farm, this research was conducted in Kosar irrigation network located at Khuzistan province. Regarding that, long term data in three farms were collected. Then, 70 percent of data were used for calibration. AquaCrop validation results showed that this model had low error and good efficiency. AquaCrop were evaluated using the remaining 30 percent of data. Results showed that the difference between observed and simulated results for wheat grain yield and water use efficiency were 0.45 ton.ha-1 and 0.05 kg.m-3, respectively. In addition, MBE, RMSE and NRMSE results for wheat grain yield were 0.14 ton.ha-1, 0.52 ton.ha-1 and 0.13, respectively. Those results for water use efficiency were 0.01 kg.m-3, 0.06 kg.m-3 and 0.10, respectively. EF and d values for wheat grain yield 0.3 and 0.99, respectively, and those values for water use efficiency were 0.1 and 0.99, respectively. So, AquaCrop accuracy was acceptable for simulation of both parameters and it is recommended to use this model for simulation of mentioned parameters.

The purpose of this study Prognosis of academic achievement based on coping strategies, test anxiety and documentary styleswas to predict academic achievement based on coping strategies, test anxiety and documentary styles of Esfarayne Secondary High School in the academic year of 97-96. The research method was correlation type of predictor. The statistical population of this study was all girls in the second high school of Esfarayne city in the academic year of 97-96, which was 1000 students. Of this sample, 250 individuals were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collection was done by a lightweight questionnaire Seligman et al. Documents were used, coplanational strategies and a clean mathematical academic achievement questionnaire were used. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were also used to analyze the data using SPSS software. The results showed that academic achievement is predictable due to coping strategies, document styles , test anxiety and test anxiety.

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent malignant bone tumor with a peak incidence in the second and third decades of life. Diagnosis of patients with osteosarcoma is limited to clinico-pathological parameters whereas molecular markers of tumor initiation and promotion have not yet been identified. We aimed to study the expression of the anti-apoptotic survivin gene in osteosarcoma specimens. A total of 35 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens including 25 tumoral and 20 non-tumoral paired-margins were collected. The expression of survivin was evaluated by employing real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Our data showed that survivin is differently expressed in osteosarcoma samples rather than non-tumoral margins. Real-time PCR showed that survivin is up-regulated in osteosarcoma specimens compared to margins (p<0.01). Furthermore, IHC confirmed that the survivin protein is significantly found in malignant parts of paraffin blocks. Our data show that survivin expression is modulated in osteosarcoma and may be considered as a diagnostic marker for further studies. Our data showed that survivin is differently expressed in osteosarcoma samples rather than non-tumoral margins. Real-time PCR showed that survivin is up-regulated in osteosarcoma specimens compared to margins (p<0.01). Furthermore, IHC confirmed that the survivin protein is significantly found in malignant parts of paraffin blocks. Our data show that survivin expression is modulated in osteosarcoma and could be considered as a diagnostic marker for further studies.

Various chemical compounds are used in industry. Many industries maintain the results of chemical compounds. In this case, maintaining and using existing chemical data poses a challenge. If the amount of this chemical data increases, a model for data clustering is needed to be able to separate the data of different compounds. Clustering Finds data with similar properties in separate clusters without having prior knowledge of the available data. In the chemical industry, it is not possible to label all chemical composition data because they may occur or change at any time. In this case, clustering should be used, which divides the chemical data into a number of subsets. From a data mining point of view, chemical data detection is one of the issues of data marginalization. By introducing appropriate algorithms in this field and then trying to increase the efficiency and accuracy of chemical information, we can take steps to create highly reliable mechanized systems with the ability to detect complex patterns. Here, a series of data on the chemical composition of different industries are collected and clustering is performed with the help of a suitable hybrid model. The proposed method is a hybrid model of the nearest neighborhood using fuzzy clustering. In this model, the existing chemical data is subjected to a preprocessing operation to remove inappropriate and empty data from the system. The clustering operation is then performed with the nearest neighbor model.

Trapezoidal fiber reinforced composite plates are important structural elements in modern engineering industries. In this paper and for the first time, the free vibration analysis of laminated composite trapezoidal plate resting on the Pasternak type foundation has been presented. First, the kinetic and strain potential energies of the laminated composite plate based on the classical plate theory are formed. Then by using the change of variables, the trapezoidal plate is mapped into the rectangular one. Next, we have assumed the deflection of the plate as a series having orthogonal terms and unknown coefficients. It is worth mentioning that the admissible polynomials for all possible combinations of classical boundary conditions have been presented in the paper. The deflection is approximated by a set of beam characteristic orthogonal polynomials generated using the Gram-Schmidt procedure. A sufficiently large number of truncated series have been worked out to make sure the convergence criteria. These polynomials have to satisfy the essential boundary conditions of the plate. Upon substituting the above stated response in the energies terms, they have been rewritten in terms of the unknown coefficients. At the end by applying the Ritz method, a standard eigenvalues problem is obtained out of which the frequencies and corresponding mode shapes can be obtained. The obtained algorithm is very general and it is attractive regarding its versatility in handling any classic boundary conditions. Besides, it allows taking into account a great variety of anisotropic characteristics and geometric planforms. In order to establish the validity, accuracy and applicability of the described approach and self-developed computer program, numerical results have been computed for a number of plate problems for which comparison values are available in the literature. Excellent agreements are observed. Additionally, new results are also presented for plates under different conditions to investigate the influences of different parameters on the vibrational characteristics of the plate. For some plates, mode shapes of free vibration are also shown.

How to provide sustainable and clean sources of energy is probably the most vital question of our world today. The population growth and technology development are leading to an increase in the world energy demand and fast depletion of fuel resources. Our environment is facing critical challenges and there are serious uncertainties with the future availability of fossil fuel. The only possible remedy is to increase the share of clean and renewable energies in total energy use and to make our technology more energy efficient. Marine and offshore renewable energies are from the cleanest types that are available from the boundless energy of fluid flow in the oceans, seas, rivers and channels. In the present study, the wave energy absorption in a channel has been studied. A plate with infinite length and finite width and thickness that is placed at the bottom of a channel has been investigated to absorb the energy of gravity waves. The plate is on a viscoelastic foundation which displays linear behavior. The coupled equations of fluid and plate have been investigated to calculate the vibration characteristics of fluid surface and plate. Subsequently, a proper analysis has been done for the plate's ability to absorb wave energy.

Importance of renewable-energy resources because of scarcity, greenhouse-gas emissions, and their fundamental roles in production and sustainable development, has made governments to reduce energy consumption and improving energy efficiency. In this regard, targeting subsidies rule was running in Iran since 2010. Since energy additionaly to labor and capital is one of the important inputs in production, running this rule with increasing energy price, affects manufacturing industries due to the type of energy and industry. In this research, the impacts of price liberalization on electricity efficiency have evaluated. Partial adjustment model, generalized method of moment and energy intensity measure are applied to this purpose. Data are collected from Statistical Center of Iran during 1995-2013. The research innovations are: using a partial adjustment model in evaluating efficiency, assessment whole industrial groups, and the period of research. The results show that in 95 percent level of confidence, the Iranian manufacturing industries are significantly flexible for changing the use of electricity. But the electricity efficiency has gotten worse after running the rule. In general, apposite of expectations, targeting subsidies rule has failed to improve electricity efficiency at least in short run.

In this study, the hydrostatic vibration analysis of an isotropic rectangular microplate in partial contact with a bounded fluid is studied. Modified couple stress theory based on the Kirchhoff plate assumptions are used to mathematically model the problem. The extended Hamilton’s principle is employed to drive the governing differential equation of motion and the corresponding boundary conditions. The transverse displacement of the microplate is approximated by a set of admissible functions which must satisfy the geometric boundary conditions. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible, inviscid and irrotational and the fluid velocity potential is obtained using the boundary and compatibility conditions. Natural frequencies of the microplate are calculated using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. To validate the present results, the natural frequencies of an isotropic macroplate in contact with fluid are compared with the available data in the literature and very good agreements are observed. Finally using the numerical data, the effect of different parameters such as thickness to length scale parameter, aspect ratio, length to thickness ratio and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies of the microplate are discussed in detail. We have observed that the difference between the natural frequencies predicted using the classical theory and the one evaluated by the modified couple stress theory is significant when thickness of the microplate is small, but diminishes as thickness increases.

Pregnancy of a woman is one of the most stressful periods during her life. Stress in pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding time can cause adverse results of pregnancy. Considering the importance of the mental health of pregnancy period, that can have significant impact on mother health and also on mental and physical health of baby, we decided to do a study to determine the relationship between stress in pregnancy and its outcomes on pregnant mothers in Miandoab.
This longitudinal study was done on110 pregnant women in Fatimazahra hospital, and health care centers in miandoab from November 2015 to late March 2016. All available mothers, who were on 24-28weeks of their pregnancy were selected for the study. Cohen perceived stress questionnaires and demographical information were completed by mothers in their 28-32 and 32-36 weeks of their pregnancy. In their delivertime, Cohen Perceived Stress questionnaires and questions about pregnancy outcomes in each follow-up were completed by mothers again. All obtained data were analyzed statistically (by spss version 23 and P There was a significant relationship between the average of perceived stress score by mothers and preeclampsia (P=0.008) and also spotting and bleeding during pregnancy (P=0.03). There was a negative significant relationship between perceived stress score by mothers score and newborns weight (P=0.039), and newborns height (P=0.014). A significant relationship between the stress score in 32-36 weeks and soaking up the baby with meconium was also found (P=0.018).
According to undesirable results that stress can have in pregnancy and delivery and also on the newborn, it is recommended to apply mental health screening in pregnancy and stress reduction techniques at this period.

Curcumin with the scientific name of diferuloylmethane، is the main component of turmeric (curcuma longa) that has anti-cancer properties such as inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis activation. However، its poor absorption and low stability in the body، has limited its pharmaceutical application. The aim of current study، is the evaluation of apoptotic potential of dendrosomal nano-curcumin compared to void curcumin. Gastric cancer cell lines (AGS) were treated with 10، 20، 30 µΜ of dendrosomal nano-curcumin at intervals of 24 ad 48 h. Then، the quantitative expression of genes Bax، Bcl2 and B2m as internal control were evaluated by Real Time PCR. Dendrosomal nano-curcumin relatively downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 gene and meaningfully upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic BAX gene in a time and dose dependent manner. Therfore، the relative expression of BAX/Bcl2 showed a meaningful increase in concentration of 30 µΜ and 48 hours compared to void curcumin. The results show that the death of cancerous cells treated with nano-curcumin is due to the increase in expression ratio of BAX/Bcl2 and apoptosis that beside our previous reports، strengthen the therapeutic potential of this new nano compound of curcumin.

Intestinal parasitic infections are amongst the most common infections worldwide. Epidemiological research carried out in different countries has shown that the social and economical situation of the individual is an important cause، due to the importance of epidemiological studies as first pace to identify and control the variety ofparasitical contaminations as well as lack of exact statistical information in this case، it is essential to be done among person asking for health card. This is a cross sectional study done using simple sampling from 210 persons that came to take health care in central laboratory in Zabol city. Data were collected by means of questionnaire consisting of information such as age، sex and job. Stool specimens were examined microscopically for the presence of parasite eggs، cysts and trophozoites using direct and formalin-ether concentration methods. The results showed that Incidence was 25/4%. Infection rate in men 25/5%and womens it wa 24/6%. protozoic Infection were Giardia (56/6%)، Enthamoeba Coli (28/30%)، Enthamoeba histolitica (1/89%) and helminth in infections were Hymenolips nana (1/89%)، Ascaris (9/43%)، Teania (1/89%). The was no significan differene incidence and sex، gob. To reduce the pollution in the maple، where Three months، a high stool method like formaldehyde concentration، Monitor and enforce strict health regulations by health experts، Direct instruction in social hygiene and parasite transmission mode of education is proposed.

It is a fact that poets are distinguished from others due to their inner gift of art notwithstanding، poets have praised and exaggerated themselves in their verses. Since boastfulness or narcissism is important to psychologists، in an artistic comparative study the researcher has analyzed narcissism in both Hafez and Mutaneby. What distinguishes the two poets is where Hafez solely admires his artistic character through abstraction and it is approved by the reader due to its artistic delicateness; Mutaneby employs the personal pronoun to praise both his real and artistic character indicating his ego and pride. This boastfulness approved by the addressee categorized as an artistic narcissism is different from the psychological disorder.

Potential field data (gravity and magnetic data) are usually analyzed by means of lineartransformations, spectral methods, inversion techniques and analytic signal methods.Nowadays, there are diverse methods of modeling the gravity data, but each has some limitations. One of the limitations of these methods is the assumption of a simple shapefor buried structures, whereas the actual shape could be entirely different. The presentstudy uses two-dimensional 4-sided polygons (prisms) to resolve these limitations,because with these it is possible to make any shape for an unknown underground structure by arranging these prisms.Within the context of this study, the 2D inversion method proposed by Last and Kubik(1983) is reused. For this purpose, a Matlab-based 2D inversion code was developed. Thiscode uses an iterative least squares procedure, which allows the weights to depend on the densities of the previous iteration. Therefore, the solution minimizes both the area of the underground structures or deposits and the weighted sum of squared residuals.According to Last and Kubik, the iterative procedure stops when a minimum area ofthe density distribution is reached. The stopping criteria in inversion algorithms areusually based on the fit between the observed data and theoretical data produced by theproposed model. Typically, a misfit function estimator is used.In the inversion of potential field data, the number of observations is often less thanthe number of unknowns (underdetermined problem). To overcome this problem, thisstudy uses a new method proposed by Ekinci, wherein the density variation is used as anew stopping criterion to find the required number of iterations for convergence themodel. The focusing inversion method proposed by Last and Kubik was modified in orderto produce a compact final model. For this model, the difference between the blockdensities at the last successive iteration is minimal. This method minimizes the volume ofdeposit, which is equivalent to maximizing its compactness. Here, the method for noisefree and noise-corruption synthetic data was used and after obtaining satisfactory results it was applied to real data.The Dehloran Bitumen map in Iran is chosen as a real data application. The area underconsideration is located in the Zagros tectonic zone, in western Iran, where a search forBitumen is under way. Layers of medium bedded limestone with intermediate marllimestoneare the dominant formations in the area, and the hydrocarbon zone is one of themost important characteristics of the area.By using the method for noise-free and noise-corruption synthetic data, the presentstudy produced a program for the Dehloran Bitumen map. Anomaly modeling was usedbecause the anomaly value of the cross section, which is taken from the gravity anomalymap of Dehloran Bitumen, is very close to those obtained from this method.The final result of these methods shows that the deposit starts from the depth of 10meters to about 35 meters. This modeling was a satisfactory representation of the resultsof actual drilling in the region. The results of the drillings show that the lowest depth ofthe deposit varies from 7 to 10 meters. This 2D modeling of gravity data with the compact inversion method and density variation can easily be applied for gravity, microgravity and magnetic data.