a. fathi

Experts believe that motivation plays an important role in the academic performance of students and according to the current conditions, various factors can improve it. Among these factors, psychological and social well-being is considered as effective variables. Therefore, this study was conducted with the purpose of determining the role of psychological and social well-being on the academic motivation of nursing students through the mediation of academic civic behaviors.

This is a correlational descriptive study. The statistical population consisted of nursing students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during the academic year of 1400-1401 (2021-2022). The number of 250 people was selected out of available 700 nursing students based on Morgan's table using stratified random sampling method. Harter's academic motivation questionnaire (1981), Rief's psychological well-being (1989), Keyes' social well-being scale (2004) and Gol Parvar's academic civic behavior questionnaire (2019) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation analysis using SPSS-21 and Amos-22.

The results of showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social well-being and its components (including prosperity, correlation, cohesion, acceptance and social participation) and psychological well-being and its components (including self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, control over the environment, purposeful life, and personal growth) and academic motivation (p<0.05). Furthermore, academic civic behaviors have a mediating role in the relationship between psychological well-being and its components and social well-being and its components and academic motivation (p<0.01).

Based on the study findings, due to the influencing role of psychological and social well-being on variables such as academic motivation and civic academic behaviors in nursing students, universities should make efforts to hold consultation centers inorder to increase psychological well-being and academic motivation of their students

Positive interventions are clinical approaches using the principles of positive psychology that help people live a quality, enjoyable and meaningful life. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of positive psychology on the quality of life of patients with diabetes in Shahriar city.

This research was a semi-experimental study based on a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with diabetes who referred to comprehensive health service centers of Shahriar city in 1400, from which 30 people were randomly selected and placed in two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. Then, the principles of positive psychological skills were presented to the participants in the experimental group in 8 two-hour sessions over a period of 2 months, while the control group did not receive these trainings. Both groups completed the World Health Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO-QOL-BREF) once before the intervention and once after the intervention. The data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measures and SPSS version 28 software.

The average scores of the intervention group were 42.33 in the pre-test, 78.33 in the post-test, and 77.87 in the follow-up.The result showed that positive psychological education had a significant effect on the components of quality of life, including physical health, mental health, the health of social relationships, and environmental in patients with diabetes (p<0.005).

Positive psychological education can help diabetic patients to improve their potential capabilities through having positive emotions, nobility, control and goal seeking, and in this way, their quality of life in the areas of physical, mental, social and environmental relations.

The Covid-19 virus is one of the most important threats currently facing many countries around the world. Most research focuses on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of this disease and the threats posed by this disease to mental health have been neglected. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on depression, anxiety and stress in people at risk for COVID-19.

For this purpose, a multiple-baseline single-subject design with follow-up was used and from the clients of Aramesh Andisheh Psychological Services Center in Tabriz, between July and September 2020, three people were selected by purposive sampling. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21) were used to collect data at baseline, intervention and follow-up stages. The intervention was performed using mindfulness-based stress reduction method in the form of 8 sessions. Recovery percentage, effect size and graphical analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction training had a clinically significant effect on reducing depression, anxiety and stress in high-risk individuals, and the effect of training on these variables in all three subjects was higher than the effect size (1.15). This effect persisted at the end of the follow-up phase.

Therefore, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based stress reduction can be included as an effective intervention in the psychological services of people at risk for Covid-19 disease.

In the present study, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils of marjoram, basil, and mint were evaluated on P. operculella. Also, the parasitism percentage of T. brassicae was assessed on the eggs of P. operculella treated with sublethal concentration (LC30) of these essential oils under laboratory conditions. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis indicated that carvacrol (26.02%), estragole (62.27%), and carvotanacetone (57.47%) were the major constituents of the studied essential oils, respectively. Based on the LC50 values of marjoram, basil, and mint essential oils (3.59, 2.53, and 2.37 µl/liter air, respectively), the mint essential oil had the highest fumigant toxicity on the eggs of P. operculella compared to other essential oils. The LC30 values of essential oils (2.61, 1.20, and 1.81 µl/liter air, respectively) were used to evaluate the sublethal effects. The sublethal concentrations of essential oils significantly affected the parameters of P. operculella. The shortest and longest total pre-oviposition period (TPOP) were observed on control (19.60 days) and O. basilicum essential oil (22.19 days). The values estimated for intrinsic rate of increase (r) in the control and marjoram, basil, and mint essential oils were 0.19, 0.11, 0.12, 0.10 day, respectively. Also, the parasitism rate of T. brassicae was recorded on control (81.11%) followed by basil essential oil (64.44%). These results suggested simultaneous usage of essential oils and parasitic wasps as a reliable option for sustainable managementofpotato tuber worm in the storage facilities.

Diabetes is as a chronic disorder, which produce lots of limitation in patients' activities and psychological quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on Lazarus's multimodal approach to psychological weakness and thoughts fusion among diabetic patients with wounds.

The present study was a semi-experimental (pre-test, post-test) with a control and experimental group. The statistical population of study consisted of 50 diabetic patients with wounds in Tabriz Sina Hospital, 24 patients with Purposive sampling selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each group was 12). The experimental group participated in group sessions for 8 sessions of 120 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Subjects in both experimental and control groups were assessed with the Minnesota Multiplier Questionnaire (MMPI) Questionnaire (Pt sub-scale) and Thought Fusion Inventory (TFI) before and after treatment. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (such as mean and standard deviation), ANCOVA and MANCOVA

Results indicated that there were significant differences in post-test mean scores of experimental and control groups and cognitive behavior therapy could significantly reduce psychological weakness (F=41/138, p=0.01) and increase thought fusion (F=9/306, P<0.007).

Cognitive behavioral therapy with changing maladaptive thought and helping to accept disease, resulted in behavior change in diabetic patients.

Covid-19 is a new virus that the human immune system is not immune to. In addition to physical problems, the virus also has negative psychological consequences. The aim of the present study was to compare resilience, happiness and lifestyle in patients with covid-19 and healthy individuals.

This descriptive-analytical case study was conducted in 2020. The statistical population of the study was all patients with coronavirus hospitalized and healthy patients in Al-Ghadir Hospital in Tabriz in April 2020. Thirty patients with Covid-19 were hospitalized and 30 healthy individuals were selected from the hospital with accessibility and Connor and Davidson resilience, Oxford happiness and Miller and Smith lifestyle questionnaires were administered among them. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and Levin test. 

The mean and standard deviation of reproductive scores in patients with Covid -19 was 71/90 ±22/35 and in healthy people was 96/70 ±17/20; The mean and standard deviation of happiness scores in patients with Covid -19 was 21/40±3/81 and in healthy people 23/33±2/80 and the mean and standard deviation of lifestyle scores in patients with Covid -19 equal to 68/53 ± 9/78 and in healthy people was 73/43±9/36. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the scores of resilience, happiness and lifestyle were lower among people with Quaid-19 than healthy people (P <0.05).

Given the increasing prevalence of coronary heart disease, it is better for the countrychr('39')s authorities to take psychological measures to increase resilience, happiness and a healthy lifestyle in patients with Covid-19 who have been exposed to mental and emotional disorde

Positive psychology, along with the repair of injuries, aims to improve the quality of life. The treatment staff's quality of life is very important. A high level of treatment staff's burnout can affect their quality of life and, consequently, the quality and quantity of care for the patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluation the relationship of job burnout, job motivation and resilience with the treatment staff's quality of life in one of the armed forces hospitals.

This descriptive-correlation study was carried out on all hospital treatment staff in one of the armed forces hospitals in 2018. Using a random sampling method, 300 persons were selected as samples. Questionnaires for quality of life, burnout, job motivation and resilience were used for data collection. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure scales' reliability. Data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression tests in SPSS 20 software.

There was a negative correlation between the components of emotional exhaustion and de-personalization with quality of work life (p<0.05) and There was a positive relationship between personal status and quality of work life (p <0.05). There was a positive relationship between components of skill diversity, task identity and feedback with quality of work life (p<0.05). There was a positive relationship between resilience and quality of work life (p<0.05).

Job burnout, job motivation and resilience of employees are effective in their quality of work life.

Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is one of the approaches based on cognitive reconstruction in the treatment of marital maladjustment. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of group-based REBT on family function, Incompatible schemas, and couple burnout in Tabriz city.

This is a semi experimental study in which pretest-posttest design with control group was used. The research population consisted of all couples referring to Tabriz's Green Life Counseling and Psychological Services Center in 2018. Among them, 30 subjects who were classified according to the cutoff criteria were selected randomly in two groups of 15 subjects and tested. The intervention based on REBT training was performed in 12 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week and a week after the end of the sessions; McMaster's family practice test, Yang's incomplete maladaptive short form and marital maladaptive schemas were performed on the two groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA covariance analysis.

Data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of post test scores of the experimental and control groups in family function and couple burnout (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in maladaptive schemas (p<0.01).

Considering the positive effect of REBT approach on improving family function and couple burnout, it is recommended to use this educational method in planning mental health measures for maladapted couples.

Moving sand and deposit them on existing tracks in the desert is one of the problems of traditional ballasted rail tracks. This problem resulted in Sand deposition on the railway lines and blocked, trains stopping, derailing, damaging to the structure and flexibility of the track and electrical signals and rolling stock. The thought of this research was to open the path of sand dunes using slab tracks hump , to do so we Analysis the effect of geometry hump in sand transport, optimize the previous plan form, determine the optimum distance of the rails and the floor slab and provide optimum design for sand easy movement with doing fluids essential analysis by software(using numerical model method) and on the basis of the least time that sand deposits on the slab in the direction and wind speed and set to obtain the optimum geometrical dimensions . In this context we have designed and simulated with the knowledge of mechanical fluids (aerodynamics), limits and requirements of designing and loading sleeper railway and also designed slabs, various geometrical shapes hump with the good aerodynamic behavior by using Rhaino software. These figures designed on the size, dimensions and height of the various modeling, such as circular model, minimized model, etc. and stimulated with the fluent simulation software. In this study ,the model parameters which used in assessment analyzing was included Vf (volume of fraction), Mass(sand weight ) and Q( flow of sand ) and V (volume of sand) that resulted in knowing a circular form conical shape with a height of 20 cm (M-C20) as one of the forms with better performance. It sended out the circular cross sections in the first stage of the sand entrance much faster than other forms of combination of normal oval (M-tnx) and minimumed elliptical (M-tmix) and based on the analysis done and study the diagrams, increasing the height of the hump does not necessarily increase the rate of sand passing that showed should be doubly careful in determining the height of the hump.

Judging about continuing or lack of continuing the process of caretaking for some patients the end of their lives has led to the emergence of a new concept as ''futile care'' in medicine. Making decision about what kind of caring is entitled as futile care requires the presentation of a clear definition of such caretaking. Hence¡ with regard to so many ambiguities in this realm¡ the researcher decided to invest on analysing the concept of futile care.

The analysis in this research was carried out through Walker and Avant method. The review over the available literature was carried out by searching the databases of SCOPUS¡ PUBMED¡ PROQUEST SCIENCE¡ ISC¡ IRANDOC¡and MAGIRAN by using the phrases of Infectively Care¡ Futile Care¡ Infectively Care¡ Futility in during 1992-2012.

In reviewing the studies¡ 119 English and 1 Persian title were obtained in initial search which were reduced to 30 papers after going over the headings. Based on the literature review include the lack of good care¡ medical care consistent with the goals of the back not help patient care that don’t improves the quality of life of patients under the care been futile.

It seems that this study has been somehow able to aide us in clarifying the concept of futile care in our culture. Futile care consists giving clinical cares irrelevant to a nurse''s job and giving cares through which the return of patient would be impossible both physiologically and qualitatively.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the influence of the two techniques of distraction through watching a cartoon and bubble manufacturing /producing on chemotherapy pain reduction in children suffering from cancer.

The method of the study was pretest and post test experimentation with the control group. The study population included all children with cancer hospitalized in Buali hospital in Ardabil. The subjects were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly placed in three groups (16 in distraction group watching a cartoon, 16 in bubble manufacturing and 16 in the control group).To collect the data, the Oucher pain tools and fur the more, to create distraction a bubble manufacturing tool and a cartoon CD were used. To analyze the research hypotheses, ANOVA was applied.

Toki test results show that the average score of pain " making bubbles from the group watching cartoons," and mean scores of "both experimental groups in witness group" was significantly higher (p

Generally the results showed that the distraction includes none pharmacologic interventions are effective in pain relief. In addition this method has the little or even no complications than medicinal methods, and also has low cost. This method has no physical and psychological devastating effects for children, has easy application, requires less training and does not need a lot of time to execute for kids and more importantly is that this method is attractive to children and by using this children will have less perceived of pain. Finally the findings of this study suggest that the possibility of using distraction methods as effective non- Pharmaceutical treatments in different parts of the hospital will help to reduce pain.

The objective of the current research is carrying out the evaluation of the distribution,source, and environmental health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds in soil samples taken from the vicinity of Tehran-Semnan road, Iran. This road is a densely populated one in central northern part of Iran with a heavy load of vehicular traffics and several industrial complexes. Four different sampling sites (S1 to S4) were selected in the studied area and then a concentration of 16 PAHs compounds in taken soil samples were measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Total PAHs concentrations varied significantly from 148.4 ng g-1 to 721 ng g-1. The Siman-e Tehran (S1) site has the highest average total PAHs concentrations (654.55 ng g-1) and Dehenamak (S4) has the lowest average total PAHs concentrations (168.7 ng g-1) among the studied sites. The obtained total PAH concentrations in the studied soil samples are relatively lower than those reported in the literature for similar areas. The diagnostic ratios of fluoranthene to pyrene (Flu/Pyr) and phenanthrene to anthracene (Phe/Ant) were used to determine the petrogenic and pyrogenic sources of PAHs, respectively. The derived results indicated that PAHs contamination in the majority of studied soil samples was caused by both petrogenic and pyrogenic process.

Executive functions describe as higher level processes that controlling and monitoring elementary (object) mental operations Neuroimaging studies have identified some of cortical areas involved in executive functions، frontal and prefrontal mostly. Because of these processing occur in a proportional second، those couldn’t be tested by traditional paper-pencil tools exactly. With introducing computers as a valuable tool for psychological and neuropsychological assessment، developing computerized version of tests to be extensive. Since according to researches، the wisconsin card sorting test is one of the most distinctive test for frontal and prefrontal executive functions، in present study، we effort to design and developing wisconsin computerized version based on a standard version. For differential validity، according to scores of Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R)، 2 groups including high anxiety (Anx+) and low anxiety (Anx-) were selected and performed computerized version of wisconsin. The results indicated that means of outputs differ in 2 groups. Also، cronbach’s alpha and split-half coefficients of computerized version showed that it has suitable reliability in Iranian subjects.

Stepped spillways are of most important hydraulic constructions to dissipation energy of water flow. These constructions are used in opening channel to transfer water from upper level to lower level. Because of considerable effect of steps on flow dissipation energy and also the resulted developments in construction of roller competed concrete RCC, the mentioned constructions have drawn hydraulic engineers’ attention. In this research, physical models with three water chute slope in downstream face were used to survey natural air entrainment point in skimming flow. So three different slopes 1:1, 1:0/9, 1:0/7 (vertical & horizontal) were used in chute section after the standard crest parabola and before the steps start. Then the models were installed in hydraulic lab flume of Shahid Chamran University. The experiments were taken for 5 different flows per unit width (with amplitude 0.036 to 0.072 m2/s). The observations show that entrainment happens in water surface at certain distance from crest during the flow passes over the crest (Li). Results showed that crest downstream face geometry can cause change in flow hydraulics leading to change in boundary layer development because of different created (Li). Also it was seen that the 1:1 crest in comparison with other slopes, performs better hydraulically and creates a shorter entrainment point length (Li). In this paper the important results have been shown in the form of different tables and curves.