abolfazl meshkini

In the process of urban space creation, there exists a continuous exchange of ideas concerning the current state of that space and the desired conditions as articulated by its inhabitants. Improvements in the challenging realities of urban environments are often manifested through physical changes, one of which is urban regeneration. Given the proliferation of urban regeneration projects in recent decades, it is imperative to consider the social dimensions inherent in these initiatives. In this context, social capital, recognized as a significant social asset within neighborhoods, has assumed particular importance in the discourse surrounding regeneration. This research examines the role of social capital in the regeneration of urban neighborhoods, with a specific focus on the Islamabad Karaj neighborhood. The methodological approach employed in this investigation is descriptive-analytical. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the influence of social capital on the regeneration processes within the Islamabad Karaj neighborhood as perceived by its residents. Data collection for the theoretical framework was conducted using documentary analysis, while the empirical component involved a survey utilizing a questionnaire. The statistical population comprises individuals aged 15 years and older residing in a neighborhood of over 25,000 inhabitants, from which a sample of 410 respondents was selected through simple random sampling, employing Cochran's formula. For data analysis, Spearman's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS software. The findings indicate a strong correlation between social capital and urban regeneration within the Karaj neighborhood of Islamabad. The implications of this research highlight the necessity to focus on the components of social capital and to implement policies aimed at its maintenance and enhancement to facilitate successful urban regeneration in the Islamabad Karaj neighborhood.

The urban heat island (UHI) is the most visible manifestation of climate change in cities, which has generated a lot of research interest in recent years. Despite the high importance of UHI and the large volume of studies conducted in this field, this issue has not been systematically analyzed in domestic research. The present study was developed with the aim of meta-analyzing previous studies in the field of UHI and, by focusing on domestic studies, it aims to examine the research process, analyze their nature in terms of different dimensions and extract research gaps. The statistical population of the study includes reputable domestic publications and articles indexed in the databases of Magiran, Normagz, and Jihad Daneshgahi, which includes a total of 213 studies. The findings of the study indicate an upward trend in studies, and their dimensions and depth have gradually increased in this field. So far, UHI has been studied in more than 40 cities in the country, with the majority conducted in the cities of Tehran (33%), Isfahan (8.25%), and Mashhad (7.28%). These studies have been published in more than 88 domestic journals, with geographers and climatologists playing the largest role in their compilation. About 90% of the studies are of an applied type and have been written with a quantitative approach. In addition, satellite images and meteorological data have been used more than other methods in data collection (more than 70%). Four main thematic areas were identified in UHI studies, of which “measuring UHI and the impact of various factors on them” is the dominant theme. Finally, the present study extracts the gaps in the topic of UHI and highlights that a reasonable amount of knowledge has been produced in the field of measuring UHI to date; However, it is not enough, and future studies should move towards providing mitigation and adaptation solutions and strategies, thereby increasing the climate resilience of cities against this phenomenon.

The possibility of the Tehran metropolis's vulnerability due to seismic activities, location near fault lines, dense population, and various environmental factors is undeniable. Accordingly, this study investigated the resilience of housing in the southern regions of the Tehran metropolis (Regions 15, 16, 19, and 20) against seismic activities. This research is practical and descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and method, respectively. The required data and information were collected through library and survey methods and analyzed using the best-worst (BWM) method and Excel and Arc GIS software. For this purpose, by studying the background of the research, 24 critical criteria were identified, then using the (BWM) weighting method, and their importance coefficient was determined. Finally, the layers were combined using the fuzzy gamma operator to create a resilience map for the studied regions. The results showed that 43% of southern regions showed very low resilience, and 12% showed low resilience. On the contrary, in the physical-environmental index, 7% of the regions had very low resilience, and 22% had very high resilience. Overall, 50% of the regions showed low resilience, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing socio-economic factors in resilience planning and suggest that a comprehensive approach, a combination of socio-economic and physical-environmental indicators, is necessary to increase housing resilience against earthquakes in southern regions of Tehran.

In the annals of Iran's past, the control of land ownership as a means of authority has perpetually resided within the realm of governmental oversight, leading to encroachments upon private possessions. This quandary emanates from a flawed theoretical framework, instigating a state of perplexity across all strata of Iranian society, encompassing urban centers. The present manuscript delves into the precarious nature of property rights concerning urban landscapes in Iran subsequent to the Islamic Revolution, elucidating the transformative impact of this instability on the architectural configuration of Iranian municipalities. The investigative framework is characterized as descriptive-analytical. Data were gathered from various sources such as programs, legislation, interviews, studies, and relevant records spanning from the year 1979 to 2013. The outcomes of the study illustrate that subsequent to the success of the Iranian revolution and the government's ideological stance, there has been a significant transformation in the land ownership pattern along with the enactment of laws that, while restricting private ownership, establish a new form of ownership under government control. The government possesses extensive land holdings, leading to a shift in urban land ownership from a conventional structure to an ideological one. Within the ideological narrative of post-revolution administrations, ownership is sometimes viewed as a solution, while in other instances, it is deemed a problem; the government perceives ownership as a factor contributing to the exclusion of the underprivileged, while others argue in favor of its necessity to support vulnerable segments of society. Consequently, a coherent system of ownership fails to materialize, resulting in detrimental impacts on the urban landscape of Iranian cities, particularly Tehran.

The damage caused by the earthquake includes the physical, social, and economic systems of the city. Social resilience against crisis is defined as the ability of a system or part of a system to recover after a disaster. Social resilience indicators have been extracted through content analysis and final evaluation from professors' point of view. The research aims to measure the level of social resilience in two hypothetical conditions with the same indicators and extract influential factors and elements from the citizens' point of view. The statistical population of the research is 20 neighborhoods in District 15 of Tehran. The statistical sample with the results of Cochran's formula is 401 cases in 20 neighborhoods. Analyzing the information according to the questions and type of data using GIS and SPSS statistics software and the statistical method of exploratory factor analysis to determine the number of factors and the extent of the effects of factors and elements and the TOPSIS method is also used to stratify the localities. The results and findings indicate that the region does not have a good state of resilience, and the residents do not have a good assessment of the resilience of themselves and the environment. Nevertheless, in the pre-crisis questionnaire, Mazaheri neighborhood has the first rank of good condition, and in the post-crisis questionnaire, Shush neighborhood has the first rank of good resilience. In both situations, the Masoudiyeh neighborhood, with the last rank, has the most unfavorable resilience. Also, the factors of active population, the number of households and the number of women and children have had the most significant effect on the level of resilience before and after the earthquake

The metropolis of Tehran is one of the most vulnerable cities in the world against the danger of earthquakes, which, in addition to being located around numerous faults, faces rapid urbanization, high population density, and weak infrastructure. The present study seeks to analyze the physical resilience of urban housing in the northern neighborhoods and regions of the Tehran metropolis (regions 1-5 and 22), which are directly adjacent to the northern fault of Tehran. Therefore, this study is practical in terms of descriptive-analytical methods and terms of purpose. The data and information needed in the research have been collected from two library and survey methods and analyzed using the SWARA model and Excel and ArcGIS-Pro software. For this purpose, first, by studying the background of the research, 13 key criteria were identified, and then by using the SWARA model, their weighting and importance coefficient were determined; respectively, the criteria of "type of structure", "distance from the fault" and "access to the road network" were assigned the highest importance. The findings of the research indicate the poor condition of urban housing in the study area in terms of physical resilience against earthquakes, where more than 60% of the localities have low or very low resilience. Only, about 19% of the neighborhoods have favorable conditions and can withstand possible earthquakes. In this survey, "Golha", "Hazarsang" and "Moradabad" neighborhoods had the lowest level of resilience, and "Tehran Pars West", "Hakimieh" and "Javadieh" neighborhoods had the highest level of resilience. Among the six investigated regions, Region One showed the lowest and Region Four the highest level of resilience against earthquakes. The research results indicate the high instability and vulnerability of the studied area. In the meantime, the northern and western parts of the range are less resilient and therefore more vulnerable; on the contrary, the more we move towards the south and southeast areas of the range, the physical resilience of the housing against earthquakes increases.

The present study aims to introduce a suitable housing investment model in Ahvaz city based on barriers and incentive policies. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, exploratory-explanatory in nature, and descriptive-analytical in terms of implementation method. Documentary and field studies and interviews with experts (Delphi method) were used to collect data. Content analysis method and ATLAS TI software were used to analyze the data. Based on the findings the most important challenges and obstacles to achieve the desired housing investment model are environmental issues and water and drought crises. On the other hand, some policies and opportunities such as changing the way real estate firms receive transaction fees to a fixed transaction fee, acquiring brownfield land, and transferring their warehouse and industrial sectors outside the city limits to create the city's internal capacity for housing development are policies and opportunities that, if implemented and recognized, can somehow control the housing market. While in other countries there are various criteria for appropriate housing location; one of the most successful ones is affordability criteria. In these criteria, in addition to physical criteria, attention is also paid to social, cultural, and ecological sustainability of supportive complexes, improving the quality of life of residents, and ultimately establishing spatial social justice.

With the beginning of the era of urbanization and its increasing development, other cities are known as the most important human settlements.Therefore, research needs assessment and prioritization of research, according to the problems of the cities, can be an effective step in recognizing and solving the existing problems. The aim of this research is to assess the research needs of geography and urban planning and prioritize them. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the research includes 15 professors and doctoral students in the field of geography and urban planning in Yoda, whose opinions have been used. The results obtained from the opinions of the statistical community led to the compilation of 58 research titles, each of these titles in the form of five groups ((socio-cultural), ((ecology and environment), ((financial and economic)), ((physical and spatial) and infrastructure) and (politics, management and technology) were categorized. In order to weight and rank these issues, Shannon's entropy method has been used. In the following, after the weight ranking, each of the subjects was examined in terms of the frequency of publication of articles during the period of 1390-1399 in the indexing database of scientific articles .The results of prioritizing and weighting the subjects and examining the number of published articles showed that the economic subject category with a weighted average of 0.01729 has the highest weight, and among the subjects independently, the highest weight is related to the subject of public participation and urban democracy in management. It was a city with a weight of 0.01740.In terms of the number of articles, the most published articles are related to political, managerial and technological topics with 433,014 articles and the least articles are related to economic topics with 103,436 articles

Introduction :

The pursuit of happiness is a universal human aspiration, yet it often remains overlooked in urban planning and development, particularly in developing countries. Among the factors contributing to a happy city are planning for leisure management and improving access to recreational land uses, including cinemas, music concerts, sports facilities, parks, and more, across cities. However, in Iran, access to public spaces and opportunities for recreation is limited and these spaces are not equitably distributed across Iranian cities, citizens face challenges in accessing these spaces. This issue contributes to increased stress and anxiety, driving joy and vibrancy away from cities. According to Martin, the government should increase the level of happiness in society by establishing regulatory and adjustment mechanisms, reducing the gap between the rich and the poor, reducing inequality in access to welfare facilities, and creating satisfaction among members of society. Therefore, achieving spatial balance and equity in cities is one of the primary goals of urban planning. A happy city should also allocate space, services, facilities, enjoyment, recreation, and costs fairly to its residents. Large-scale management institutions are responsible for providing the necessary standards for all members of society; thus, creating the necessary conditions for satisfaction and happiness. Urban management influences the vibrancy of citizens through the equitable distribution of joy-generating land uses. Attention to the aspects of spatial justice has a coherent system that consists of various components and elements, and the instability of any of these elements (such as recreational land uses, parks, and green spaces, etc.), affects the entire system. The connection between justice and happiness has been established, and three types of justice: distributive, procedural, and interactional, are interconnected and all three contribute to social happiness, among which the impact of distributive justice on social happiness is greater than the other two types of justice. Therefore, urban management in a happy city should strive to make all facilities and services, especially joy-generating land uses, equitably accessible to all citizens. Therefore, analyzing equitable access to joy-generating land uses at the city level is particularly crucial in developing countries facing systematic inequalities. Moreover, considering that adequate and equitable access to joy-generating land uses is a fundamental principle for creating suitable living conditions in a happy city, and given the limited research on analyzing equitable access to joy-generating land uses in urban spaces, conducting research in this field becomes essential. The Babol City, due to its population growth over the past decades and uncontrolled construction, has experienced injustice in the distribution of public services, including joy-generating land uses, across the city. As a result, access to green spaces and recreational and welfare facilities across the city is highly inadequate. Despite being located in a tourist region, this city does not have enough spaces that bring joy and happiness to both residents and tourists. This problem may stem from the lack of sufficient diversity in recreational and cultural facilities or the lack of diversity in recreational and leisure activities in the city. This issue can hurt both tourist attractions and the satisfaction of residents with their living environment. This issue can hurt both tourist attractions and the satisfaction of residents with their living environment. Therefore, the present research aims to analyze and visualize the state of equity in the distribution and access to joy-generating land uses across Babol City to determine the extent of the inadequacy of access to joy-generating land uses in the spaces of Babol City. Therefore, the present research seeks to answer the following question: What is the state of spatial justice in the distribution and access to joy-generating land uses in Babol City?

In terms of its purpose, this research is applied, and in terms of its method, it is descriptive-analytical. The research population includes all joy-generating land uses in Babol City, including restaurants and cafes, museums and historical sites, markets and shopping centers, cultural and religious places, children’s parks and playgrounds, sports fields and gyms, parks equipped with sports equipment, and urban wetlands. The theoretical framework of the research has been collected using the documentary and library methods. To analyze the access to joy-generating land uses in Babol City, first, the spatial statistics information related to these land uses has been extracted using the OpenStreetMap (OSM) website and QGIS software and then updated and matched using Google Earth software and field observation. Next, by transferring this information to ArcGIS software and using network analysis and spatial statistics methods, maps of the distribution and access to joy-generating land use in Babol City have been prepared. To perform network analysis, the road network must first be called up in ArcGIS software. Therefore, the road network of Babol City was extracted using the OpenStreetMap website and QGIS software and then called up in ArcGIS software. Next, a Network Dataset file was created based on the shapefile layer of Babol City’s road network, and then the Network Analyst extension was activated in ArcGIS software. Access analysis to joy-generating land uses in Babol City was performed using this extension and following route Network Analyst- New Service Area- Load Location- Solve. Additionally, the spatial distribution of joy-generating land uses was examined using the spatial statistics available in the ArcToolbox extension, including the methods of mean center, directional distribution, nearest neighbor mean, and multi-distance spatial cluster analysis in ArcGIS software.

The results of the network analysis and spatial statistics methods have shown that joy-generating land uses, including restaurants and cafes, museums and historical sites, markets and shopping centers, cultural and religious places, children’s parks and playgrounds, sports fields, and gyms, parks equipped with sports equipment, and urban wetlands, are more concentrated in the city center and inner areas and residents living in the peripheral areas of the city do not have adequate access to these joy-generating land uses. Consequently, residents of the peripheral areas of Babol City compare their living conditions based on their lack of access to joy-generating land uses with the living conditions of residents in the central and inner areas who have better access to these amenities and feel dissatisfied and frustrated with their living conditions. A unique finding of this research is the disparity in access to joy-generating land uses within an urban neighborhood. For instance, Neighborhood 15 has relatively good access to five other joy-generating land uses, even though it has no access to three land uses children’s parks and playgrounds, parks equipped with sports equipment, and urban wetlands.

Spatial justice analysis of the distribution and access to joy-generating land uses identifies the opportunities for joy in urban spaces for citizens and by being aware of this, it is possible to create more just and happy cities. This research was conducted in line with the aforementioned goal of analyzing and visualizing the state of justice in the distribution and access to joy-generating land uses across Babol City to reveal the extent of the deficiencies in access to joy-generating land uses in the urban spaces of Babol. The findings of this research contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of identifying joy-generating land uses in urban spaces and also provide a method as a model for examining and analyzing spatial justice in the distribution and access to these land uses. As Montgomery argues in his book ‘Happy City: Transforming Our Lives Through Urban Design’ (2013), urban management and urban planning can help citizens live healthier and happier lives in cities. In this context, urban management in Babol City should make every effort to improve citizens’ access to joy-generating land uses to create a happy city in Babol. In this context, city managers should strive to create and develop joy-generating land uses in the impoverished areas of Babol City as well to eliminate the feelings of deprivation and injustice among citizens living in the marginalized areas of the city and to foster a better sense of well-being regarding their living conditions in the city and to eliminate the feelings of deprivation and injustice in the minds of citizens living in the peripheral areas of the city and have a better feeling about their living conditions in the city, and as a result, will increase their sense of Joy and happiness. Therefore, in planning to create a happy city, creating new joy-generating land uses in the marginalized areas of Babol City is one of the most important actions that should be taken by urban managers and planners.

The rapid growth of the urban population in Shiraz over the past few decades has caused the physical expansion of the city and its enchroschment on sorrounding villages and settlemnts leading to numerous challenges and inadequacies in the pheripheral regions there. Some of these problems are poverty, marginalization, rising housing prices, lack of adequate facilities and welfare services, environmental pollution and overcrowding. Using different indicators, the present study tries to evaluate the inadequacy of peripheral settlements of Shiraz metropolis. Thus, in order to manage urban growth and its related difficulties, developing countries have decided to implement various policies such as family planning, rural development, controlling rural-urban migration, limiting the growth of large cities, symmetrical urbanization and new city development. Nevertheless, most developing countries have witnessed rapid population displacement to mega cities in recent decades.On the other side, despite metropolis’ role in national development, increasing process of metropolitanization in most developing countries has cussed many problems which resulted in many challenges in the end. City sprawl and relocation of activities and populations from centre to outskirts of the city as well as the population distribution is one of the most important sustainable challenges in metropolitan areas. In developing countries, growth and expansion of metropolis space has been associated with various issues and resulted in different types of environmental problems such as reduction of life quality, rapid growth and mis-management of low-income settlements on the outskirts and continuation of such problems will worsen the existing situation in the not too far future.

This study seeks to find the financial and economic consequences of urban sprawl on urban management. For this purpose, it uses an interpretive approach and a systematic Meta-synthesis method. The statistical population is the findings of other researchers in the field of urban sprawl in the period 1970-2022. The data were encoded and interpreted using MAXQDA software. The results show that the financial and economic benefits of urban sprawl fall into seven categories: 'real Estate Income; business, sales and services; government subsidies; reduction in security costs; reduction in the cost of environment and urban services; reduction in physical costs and urban development; and reduction in the cost of transportation and traffic. But the costs of urban sprawl include "social and cultural costs; transportation and traffic costs; physical and urban development costs; environmental and urban services costs; current and administrative services costs; security and emergency services costs”. Most researchers have acknowledged that the sprawl costs far more than the financial and economic benefits to the city, with most of the costs being borne by the environment and urban services, as well as transportation and traffic. Regarding the benefits of urban sprawl, researchers have emphasized the benefits of real estate. In many cities around the world, including cities in developing countries, extensive urban land ownership and physical assets mean that taxes and charges on them can significantly increase public revenues, which can continue to increase as urban productivity increases. It seems that until there is not a fundamental change in the financial structure of urban management; the process of urban sprawl is inevitable

Today, the rapid growth of urbanization causes various problems for the citizens in the urban space, and the issue of security as the background of a healthy society has gained a special importance in urban issues. The feeling of security is considered as one of the basic needs of citizens in urban spaces, which is the basis for the development of human societies. Meanwhile, women, as a part of the vulnerable sections of society, need a sense of security for their presence in urban spaces. The presence of women in safe spaces promotes the model of effective and better participatory social activities in the community scene. The present research is of an applied type, which was carried out in the statistical population of the 2nd and 5th regions of Shiraz city with a descriptive and analytical method. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the sense of security of women living in the statistical community. The process of collecting information is in the form of library and documentary studies, and the data is obtained from field surveys and questionnaires. In order to analyze the data and create sufficient scientific evidence needed to achieve the goal of the research, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression statistical analyzes were used in SPSS software.The findings indicate that region 5 has better social, physical and psychological conditions than region 2 and women feel more secure. Also, the results indicate that the social, physical and psychological dimensions have a direct relationship with each other, in other words, these dimensions have a direct relationship with women's sense of security in urban public spaces, that is, the higher the indicators of these dimensions are, the more secure women feel.

      Man and the environment in which he lives are inseparable from each other. The rapid growth of Man and the environment in which he lives are inseparable from each other. The rapid growth of urbanization and the ever-increasing population of urban dwellers, which brings with it the mixing and mixing of people in the urban space, has caused the discussion of security to gain special importance in urban issues, urban security. It means peace of mind and lack of fear of citizens from any threat and danger against the city, citizens, urban spaces, buildings and organizations, facilities and urban infrastructures and other important elements in urban life that cause concern and feeling of insecurity in citizens. brought The feeling of security is considered as one of the important indicators of the quality of urban life, and it is considered as one of the basic needs of citizens in urban structures, and it is of special importance due to the inclusion of a sense of peace and comfort in the environment for citizens. . Various factors affect citizens' sense of security; the security of women in the urban society will result in many social and economic benefits. The feeling of security in women can be effective in improving the pattern of social activities and bring about a better participation in the community scene

      This research is of a practical and practical type, which was collected using the questionnaire tool, the required data in different periods of time in the fall of 2022. In this research, the statistical population of women over 15 years of age is 102,212 people. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, which was 382 people by Cochran's method and taking into account the sample error rate of 0.5% compared to sampling from the target statistical population by stratified and random method. In the current research, the descriptive and analytical method was used and the process of collecting research information was collected in the form of library and document studies, and the findings were obtained from field surveys and questionnaires. Statistical analysis and questionnaire data are collected in such a way that for each index, a question is asked, and according to the five-scale Likert scale, answers including very weak, weak, average, good and very good are considered, which citizens according to They have answered the questions of the questionnaire and in the analysis of the data T and Pearson correlation tests have been used in the SPSS software format.

       The calculation of the difference test in the indicators related to the social dimension of the sense of security in the two studied regions shows that the overall average of the index in the fifth region is 3.36 and the second region is 2.35, which indicates the difference in the level of security in the studied regions. Based on the obtained information, the indicators of neighborhood relations and the dynamics and activity of the population are more than the significance level (0.05) and the rest of the indicators are less than the significance level. It can be argued that there is an average difference between the two communities in question regarding the social dimension. The calculation of the mean difference test in the indicators related to the physical dimension shows the sense of security. Based on the analysis, region 5 shows a better physical quality than region 2. As we can see in this table, the level of significance of these two areas in terms of the indicators of lighting condition and face detection at night and the condition of urban furniture is calculated to be less than the level of significance (0.05). From the calculated value (0.05), which shows that there is no equality between the variances. The sig value of the T-test item 4 is more than the significant limit, which means that the average difference of the two communities in question is not significant in terms of this variable from the citizens' point of view. It can be argued that there is an average difference between the two communities in question regarding the physical dimension. The calculation of the test shows the average difference in the indices related to the security index, as it can be seen that the sig value of the T test in terms of the gender justice index is greater than the calculated significance level (0.05), which can be argued that the average difference of the two communities in question in terms of this index is meaningful from the point of view of the citizens. is not And the sig value of the T-test of other dimensions is less than the calculated significance limit value, which can be argued that the average difference between the population is significant.

      According to the results obtained, region 5 has better conditions than region 2 in terms of social, physical and psychological dimensions, and women feel more secure, and from the conducted tests, it can be concluded that social, physical and psychological dimensions are related to each other. They have a direct relationship and also these dimensions have a direct relationship with women's sense of security in urban public spaces, that is, as the indicators of these dimensions increase, women feel more secure. In this regard, some of the proposals presented in the research are such that it is possible to create people's organizations and form social and cultural institutions, especially institutions centered on women, in order to include as many women as possible and increase the interaction and social support of citizens from each other; Using waste and unused spaces in order to create interactive spaces and the participation of all classes for the dynamism and activity of the population and the increase and improvement of neighborhood relations; Private sector investment in temporary commercial activities on different days, including bazaars and bazaars with a focus on supporting women, such as bazaars for the supply of home business goods, such as handicrafts, etc.; Preventing the game exchange and land speculation, building the aggregation of small parts and increasing mixed and mixed uses for diversity of use and easier access for women in the area; Increasing awareness and civic participation by holding public meetings and consultations through the convergence and integration of residents and the use of cultural commonalities to control social harms at the neighborhood level in order to give citizens a sense of belonging to their place of residence.

During the last half-century, the rapid growth of urbanization has exceeded the possibilities and measures of urban development in Iran, creating extensive social, economic, environmental and physical problems. Facing the challenges of the current cities of the country requires the transformation of the current dominant routine and the use of a new approach in urban planning. The inefficiency of the country's urban planning system has caused cities to be caught in the cycle of underdevelopment for several reasons. Planning in worn-out urban areas has always been the most significant urban planning issue. Recently, many policies and programs have been implemented to improve the quality and re-creation of disordered urban textures. The worn-out and disordered texture of Kermanshah city covers 1228 hectares, about 12.33% of the total texture of Kermanshah. The problem of this research is the instability and poverty in the disorganized and inferior textures, which are associated with challenges and problems of livability, poverty and deprivation in all dimensions, decline of human dignity, identity crisis, lack of access to urban services, degradation of the quality of life, the crisis of security and resilience, insecurity and social anomalies, crimes and delinquency, and the lack of citizenship rights. Therefore, the main question is as following:-Why have the policies and measures of urban management and urban development plans not improved the quality of urban life in these neighborhoods?

In terms of subject and purpose, the current research is of applied-developmental type of research. In terms of analysis, it is placed in the framework of explanatory and descriptive-analytical research methods. In order to collect and analyze data, survey, documentary and analytical methods have been exerted. The research method is mixed (quantitative and qualitative). In this research, the data analysis and modelling method has been used according to the goals and possibilities. In order to analyze the collected data, the statistical techniques of path analysis, SPSS, and PLS have been exploited. According to the level of analysis (neighborhoods of disordered tissues in Kermanshah city), it is necessary to distribute the designed questionnaire according to the population of each neighborhood. In general, 92,033 households with a population of 290,214 people live in the chaotic neighborhoods of Kermanshah, which are located in the form of 4 types of textures. Cronbach's alpha statistic and factor analysis were used to measure the internal relationships and validity and reliability of the questionnaire and its items, the results of which are as follows:-Cronbach's alpha value of all dimensions is more than 0.5, which means that the scale in question has high validity.

The direct and indirect effects of the dimensions of sustainable regeneration are as the social dimension with a direct effect of 0.76, the physical dimension with a direct effect of 0.51 and an indirect effect of 0.21 and a total effect of 0.72, the economic dimension with a direct effect of 0.41 and an indirect effect of 0.30 with the effect total 0.71, the cultural dimension with direct effect 0.21 and indirect effect 0.45 and total effect 0.66, the management dimension with direct effect 0.25 and indirect effect0.27 with total effect 0.52, and the environmental dimension with direct effect 0.17 and indirect effect 0.10 with total effect 0.27.In the quality of urban life component, the direct and indirect effects are as follows: the physical-infrastructure dimension with a direct effect of 0.66 has the highest effect, the social-cultural dimension with a direct effect of 0.42 and an indirect effect of 0.28 and a total effect of 0.70, the well-being dimension with a direct effect of 0.39 and Indirect effect 0.19 and overall effect 0.58, health and environment dimension with direct effect 0.21 and indirect effect 0.37 with overall effect 0.58, economic dimension with direct effect 0.20 and indirect effect 0.53 with overall effect 0.73 and managerial-institutional dimension with direct effect 0.18 and indirect effect of 0.42 with a total effect of 0.59. The physical-infrastructural dimension has the most direct effect, and the economic dimension has the most overall effect in the form of direct and indirect effects on the quality of urban life. The overall effect of all dimensions of sustainable regeneration on urban well-being is 0.594, and its R2 value is equal to 0.352, which shows that with an increase of one standard deviation in sustainable urban regeneration, the quality of urban life increases by 0.352 standard deviations. Therefore, sustainable regeneration significantly improves the quality of urban life in the chaotic texture of Kermanshah.

sustainable urban welfare-oriented regeneration with a comprehensive and integrated approach in procedural dimensions (discursive, communication-network, and local governance) and content (strategic, integrated, comprehensive, and neighborhood-oriented) and policies to empower and support worn-out and disordered neighborhoods With a participatory, endogenous approach, community-oriented development and the right to the city in the chaotic textures of Kermanshah, it is a suitable model for the realization of urban welfare. No development of welfare will happen in the environment unless the residents of the worn-out and disordered texture are empowered. Also, in addition to the basic needs, attention should be paid to the emotional and psychological needs of the citizens. Changing the approach in urban plans will undoubtedly be the basis for valuable measures to improve citizens' quality of life and urban welfare. If the approach to regeneration is humane, community-oriented, integrated, comprehensive and strategic, collaborative, city-oriented and discursive, then a sustainable welfare-oriented regeneration approach will be achieved by itself.

Urban development goes beyond understanding the city as a physical and economic product. Lefebvre's theory of the right to the city is a call to understand the city beyond a material product and believes that urban development requires socio-spatial transformations of the city that both belong to and are the result of its inhabitants. This research has a fundamental-developmental purpose and a qualitative content analysis type, which is adopted to expand the theoretical framework of the right to the city. In this research, the theoretical lens of the right to the city has been used as an analytical framework to explain urban development. Urban development from the point of view of  Lefebvre space production consists of three objective, mental and social spaces, which have three fundamental rights with dialectical orientations, including: the right to appropriation (possession in production and consumption), the right to participation (transformative and reproductive participation) and it forms the right to difference (social and spatial). The right to the city includes the three principles of spatial justice, democracy, and urban vitality, which in urban development, they form content, procedural and diagnostic dimension. Urban development based on the right to the city is an objectively, subjectively and sensibly integrated thing that simultaneously refers to the condemnation of exchange value and prioritizing the value of using urban space. This theoretical framework enables us to dialectically identify the constituents of each city realm and work towards "cities for people, not for profit" and this is a start. A point to change ourselves by changing the city.

Dilapidated urban tissues are one of the problems of today's metropolises due to non-compliance with the primary standards and criteria. A significant issue that is more influential in worn-out urban contexts than other social issues and problems is the issue of social security. This research aims to provide a model for improving social security by examining the dos and don'ts of urban security in the worn-out tissues of the 12th district of Tehran. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. MICMAC software and pairwise comparisons were used to analyze the findings and weight and rank indicators. Sampling was purposeful, and 15 urban experts were selected by the Delphi method for questioning and scoring indicators. The research results showed that the variables of physical dimensions with a total weighted average of 0.0234 had the most influence, and the dimensions of judgment with 0.0153 had the least influence on the region’s social security. Moreover, among the final key drivers identified (Table 9), indicators of physical attention to unsustainable buildings, time spent at the place of residence, the presence of abandoned lands and abandoned buildings, residents' satisfaction with environmental health, and people's satisfaction with the safety of streets and sidewalks, with the numerical values of 232, 232, 230, 219, and 219, respectively, had the most direct effect on social security in worn-out tissues

Happy City is a solution proposed by Charles Montgomery that can be used as a suitable approach to solve the challenges of depression and lack of happiness in cities. This article aims is identify the factors and components affecting the happy city in Babol city. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and combined methods are used in terms of research method. The information required for the study to identify the factors and components of a happy city was obtained by studying library and documentary sources and the fuzzy Delphi method. The statistical population of the study consists of urban science specialists and 28 people have been selected as the sample using the judgmental and available method. First, with library and documentary studies, 5 physical, economical, social, environmental and managerial factors have been identified along with 54 components affecting the happy city. Then, with the two-step fuzzy Delphi method, 42 components affecting the happy city in Babol city have been approved by experts. According to the results of Fuzzy Delphi, the component of urban furniture and artistic elements has the highest and the satisfaction of car ownership has the lowest impact on the happy city in Babol city. Also, physical and social factors respectively have the highest and lowest impact on the happy city in Babol city.

Many of the world's prestigious scientific researches that have been conducted in the field of housing planning show that housing provision and related policies in developing countries, especially for low-income urban groups, have become one of the most important urban challenges and have numerous economic consequences. It has also had its negative social and political consequences. The increasing growth of published researches and articles in this field makes a comprehensive and systematic review of studies in this field necessary, transparency and justice.

In this regard, the aim of this article is to portray the prevailing situation in the study of the field of housing planning and policy through descriptive and comparative analysis of English articles published in the period from 2000 to 2022 in this field, including international and Iranian authors who adapt it portrays world studies and Iran. For this purpose, first, frequently used keywords related to housing planning were searched in Web of Science and Science Direct databases and retrieved as research data. The analysis of these articles was done using scientometric methods as well as micro and macro indicators of social network analysis and using VOSviewer software.

In this research, while introducing authors and universities that had a relatively high degree of centrality, it was found that the most emphasis of these articles was on themes such as Poverty, Facility, Price, Income, Market, Housing Affordability, Quantity and Quality. In Iran, in addition to these 10 fields, researchers have also been widely active in other fields such as physical resilience, natural resilience, housing policy, etc.

In addition to helping to better understand the specialized literature of housing planning, the finding of this research help to identify the existing research gaps in Iraninan and World studies in this field and can also open the way for the future study and research paths of researches in this field.

Physical security in residential areas and neighborhoods has led to an increase in the quantitative and qualitative level of well-being and provides the basis for the formation of residents' interaction in the urban environment. However, usually in urban environments, sustainable housing plays the greatest role in increasing and realizing physical security. In this regard, the aim of this research is to investigate and analyze the indicators of sustainable housing and their role in the realization and promotion of physical security in the neighborhoods of the 17th district of Tehran metropolis. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The method of data collection was done in the library and field, and the sampling was purposeful, and 20 urban specialists and experts were selected for questioning. Weighting and determining the value of subjective indicators (33 sub-indices in 6 categories of equitable distribution of residential services, efficient transportation, vitality, healthy environment, fair housing, and dynamic cultural heritage) and objective (14 sub-indices in 3 categories of design-architecture, technical indicators - Engineering and accessibility), using the methods of pairwise comparisons and fuzzy AHP, and the desirability of each of the indicators and their role in physical security, separated by localities, are displayed in the GIS environment. The results of the research showed that Yaftabad and East Abuzar neighborhoods have a favorable situation in terms of physical security with weight (0.132 and 0.084), respectively. Golchin (0.078) and Boloursazi (0.076) locations are in acceptable condition; Bagh Khazaneh (0.074) and Emamzadeh Hasan (0.073) neighborhoods are in average condition; The localities of Jalili (0.066), West Abuzar (0.064), Zehtabi (0.063) and Emam Sajjad (AS) (0.062) are in poor condition and the localities of Vesfanard (0.060), Azari (0.058) ), Moghadam (0.057) and Zamzam (0.050) are in unfavorable conditions.

At the same time, housing is the main factor of people's socialization towards the world and the major and decisive capital in the social organization of space, which plays a very decisive role in the formation of individual identity, social relations, and collective goals of people. Housing is more than a physical structure, it is an institution with a multi-dimensional function, which has different spatial, architectural, physical, economic, social, financial, psychological, and medical dimensions. Housing is the most important element of the city, and in the sustainable development of the city, paying attention to its sustainability is known as its most essential aspect. Therefore, the relationship between sustainability and housing is two-way. In this regard, man has different needs during his life, which he plans to fulfill. In today's world, in terms of the expansion of urbanization and the special interactions of citizens with each other, as well as from the perspective of urban design and architecture, security in cities has gained special importance. The need for security in cities has brought spatial and physical reflections as an important and vital principle. Therefore, establishing security in the urban structure and giving citizens a sense of security is increasingly important. In fact, the basis of urban life is based on this axis.

The research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The method of data collection has been carried out in the form of the library (examination of documents, statistics information, and research related to the subject) and field (interview and questionnaire distribution). Sampling was purposeful and 20 urban experts were selected for questioning. In this research, to analyze the indicators (two categories of mental and objective indicators); In the analysis of subjective indicators, scoring was done using the opinions of specialists and urban experts, and finally, using the "pairwise comparison" method, the indicators were weighted, and the effects of each of them (indicators) were determined with different intensity and weakness in the localities. For the objective indicators, weighting and ranking were done using Fuzzy AHP, and the layers related to each of their dimensions and sub-indices were prepared in the GIS environment, finally, the neighborhoods in terms of the impact of sustainable housing on physical security were divided into neighborhoods and stratified into three Weak, medium and favorable categories were identified.

The results show from the objective indicators aspect, in terms of design-architecture dimension indicators such as the number of building floors, area (smallness), population density, indefensible spaces (lack of lighting), and residential density; The neighborhoods of the 17th district of Tehran are not very different from each other. Only "Yaftabad neighborhood" is in a favorable situation in this regard. "Emamzadeh Hasan neighborhood" is also in an average condition and the rest of the neighborhoods are also in an unfavorable condition. In this regard, the physical texture of area 17 has the following characteristics: extremely worn and dense, incoherent and disjointed, irregular in terms of the type of use and having strong interference of use, having granularity with an increase in fine-grained elements, compactness of the texture and their location on Mainly narrow and long passages, high wear and tear of residential and non-residential units, construction of buildings using non-resistant and non-standard materials, old buildings, etc. Finally, by scoring and summarizing the weight of all the indicators related to the physical security of the neighborhoods of the 17th region, they were categorized into 3 categories with favorable, medium, and weak spectra. The localities of Yaftabad and East Abuzar, Boloursazi, and Golchin have a favorable situation in terms of physical security. Bagh Khazaneh and Eemamzadeh Hassan and Jalili neighborhoods are in average condition and West Abuzar, emam Sajjad, Zehtabi, Azari, Moghadam, Wesfanard and Zamzam neighborhoods are in unfavorable conditions. From the metal indicators aspect, "Azari, Moghadam, Golchin, Wesfanard and Zehtabi" localities are in poor condition; "Boloursazi, Eemamzadeh Hasan and Yaftabad" localities are in average condition and "Bagh Khazaneh, East Abuzar , West Abuzar, Emam Sajjad" localities ), Jalili and Zamzam" are in the ideal state of stable housing in order to achieve physical security. It should be noted that this classification is based on the scoring of selected experts on subjective indicators.

In this research, after stating the features of sustainable housing in the target area and checking the normality or abnormality of the indicators, the most important features affecting the promotion of physical security in the said area were determined. In this regard, the selected indicators were divided into two subjective and objective categories. Subjective indicators were scored and validated by urban experts. For this purpose, 33 sub-indices were identified and extracted in 6 categories of fair distribution of residential services, efficient transportation, vitality, healthy environment, fair housing, and dynamic cultural heritage, and the "paired comparisons" method was used to weight and normalize them. Also, in the objective indicators section, 14 sub-indices were selected in 3 categories of design-architecture, technical-engineering, and accessibility indicators, and for their weighting and normalization, the fuzzy AHP model was used in the GIS environment. The results showed that the neighborhoods identified based on the degree of desirability of having stable housing in order to achieve physical security based on subjective and objective indicators are very different from each other.

various factors and a wide range of variables, including: supply and demand structure, money and capital market, currency and gold, oil income, price of energy carriers, household income, demographic factors, liquidity and inflation, housing purchase facilities, the input market for housing production, government policies, urban planning laws, etc., have undeniable effects on investment in the housing market.

The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing the factors affecting the circulation pattern of residential investment in Ahvaz city.

The present study is considered to be a descriptive-analytical research in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of its nature, and it was conducted by survey, field and interview methods. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis models and structural equations were used.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical territory of the current research is Ahvaz metropolis.

Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, 4 economic factors with a specific value of 11.078, physical-infrastructure factor with a specific value of 6.352, managerial-institutional factor with a specific value of 5.17 and finally social-demographic factor with a specific value of 4.19 as effective factors in developing investment model Housing were categorized. These factors, with their explanatory variables, have both positively and negatively affected the housing investment process in the metropolis of Ahvaz. The first factor with 38.19% and the specific value of 11,078 and the fourth factor with 15.239% explained the total changes of 33 items, respectively.

The housing capital market is influenced by economic, political, physical and social factors and elements, which means that the approach of political economy is space, which considers space under the shadow of the capitalist system, which is forced to develop unbalanced for its survival. is The results of this study contribute to a general understanding of investment and housing in the metropolis of Ahvaz as the capital of the strategic province of Khuzestan and provide a useful analysis of the examples of investments made in this metropolis.

Housing planning and policy-making is one of the main concerns of urban planners due to its wide dimensions, especially for the homeless and appropriate pattern for its residents. Homelessness is a type of housing that does not meet the basic housing standards of that community. The purpose of this research is to provide a pattern for the homeless housing planning based on the pattern of right to adequate housing. The present paper is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive - analytical in terms of method and content analysis. The adequate housing pattern was provided by theoretical literature in 6 indicators (Security of tenure, availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure, habitability, affordability, accessible housing and cultural adequacy). An electronic questionnaire was prepared and sent to university professors, managers and experts in the field of housing and urban planning and also PhD and MSc students that were chosen by available judgmental sampling. To provide a pattern for the homeless housing planning in Tehran metropolis, confirmatory factor analysis by Amos software was implemented. The results indicate that the security of tenure index with 0.83 factor loading, availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure with 0.80 and affordability with 0.63 have the highest factor loading and importance in providing a pattern for housing planning, respectively. The results show that the developed factor model has a good fit with the data and there is a significant relationship between adequate housing indices in Tehran metropolis. To solve the housing problem of the homeless, it is necessary to use a housing planning pattern based on the right to adequate housing in the country's housing policies and planning in accordance with the nature of the constitution.

The right to the city in urban development goes beyond the physical form and, at the same time, has a mental and social meaning, which has been popularized in planning theory and urban studies after its proposal by Lefebvre. This theory focuses on the residents and the distinctive features of the space and believes that the right to the city can only be formulated as the right to the evolved and renewed urban life. Based on descriptive-explanatory purpose, this research seeks to spatially analyze the components of right to the city in Bandar Abbas. Therefore, after collecting 77 subjective and objective measures around the research components, the multi-criteria decision-making technique of COPRAS has been exploited to integrate the data in the ArcMap Tools. The findings show that in the current state of urban development in Bandar Abbas, the right to the city in all its aspects, the right to ownership, the right to participation and the right to difference for the residents have been weakened and ignored. A share of up to 20.7% of the city space, which is mainly directed to the wealthy neighborhoods and parts of the central areas of the city, as well as parts of new developments, the right to the city has been more manifested, and in about 19.8% of the city spaces. Mainly applicable to informal settlements and slums of the city, this right has been undermined and ignored.

Introduction :

Housing is one of the important parts of development in a society. This sector with its multifaceted dimensions has many effects in presenting the features of the society. Planning in this sector, on the one hand, has economic and social importance, and on the other hand, due to the employment generation of this sector and its connection with other economic sectors, it is considered a suitable tool for the realization of economic policies. At present, when the depth of the financial market is very low and it has little capacity to absorb a large amount of liquidity in the country, there are few options for keeping people’s savings. These options include bank investment deposits, stocks, currency, gold, coins, and real estate. Since housing is only one form of asset storage, the demand for housing will be affected by the demand for other markets. Fluctuations in the markets of other assets affect the housing market. In this study, an attempt has been made to determine the effect of the presence of housing and its share of investment in Iran by emphasizing the role of substitute assets such as (the gold market, exchange rate, stock price, and interest rate of bank deposits) in the period of prosperity and recession.

In terms of its nature, the current research is descriptive-analytical, and its purpose is considered applied research. In this research, the data used were collected quarterly from the central bank’s balance sheet, economic indicators, and statistics of private sector construction activities. The Delphi method was used to survey and receive the opinions of experts and specialists. In this case, 20 experts and specialists in the housing and urban planning field were selected and their opinions were asked through a virtual questionnaire about the research topics. For data analysis, a multivariate covariance test, mean-variance model, and self-explanation method with distribution intervals (ARDL) were used to analyze data covariance.

Based on research findings, there is a significant relationship between housing and parallel markets. So the housing yield has the highest correlation coefficient with the exchange rate and the lowest correlation coefficient with the interest rate of bank deposits. The non-significance of the interest rate of bank deposits indicates that this asset has not been able to play an effective role in the amount of housing investment as a housing competitor. Exchange rate variables and stocks have negative returns with housing, which means that housing has a substitution relationship with these two assets in the asset portfolio. Stocks with a yield of 40.43 and a risk of 58.09 have been volatile assets in recent decades, which have gone through many ups and downs. The estimation of the short-term model shows that the coefficients of the stock price index variables have a negative and significant effect on the investment of the housing sector at the confidence level of 95 and with 2 intervals. The effect of the exchange rate is at a meaningless level with 4 positive and significant intervals. The effect of coin price on residential investment is significant at the level of 5 intervals and with a coefficient of 2.03 In the short term, the interest variable of bank deposits does not have a significant effect on residential investment, but it has a significant effect with a break. According to the long-term equilibrium relationship between research variables, the results show that the elasticity of housing investment to the exchange rate is 28. The elasticity of housing investment to the stock price index is 0.21 The indices of coin price and interest rate of bank deposits affect residential investment with coefficients of 0.11 and 0.9, respectively.

The results of the research show that people with low income levels and risk aversion allocate more of their investments to bank deposits. The analysis of the results shows that the yield of the stock market is higher than other markets, but the risk of this type of asset is also higher than other assets. That is, housing has a substitution relationship with stocks in the portfolio of assets in two investment periods. During the housing recession season, people tend to invest in the stock market, and during the stock market decline, investments tend toward housing. On the other hand, with the prosperity of the housing market, the capital motivation of the housing market also increases and the funds are attracted to this market, which shows the positive and significant relationship between the exchange rate variable and residential investment. The non-significance of coin price in long-term and short-term patterns indicates that coin has not been a significant competitor for housing during the last decade due to price stability and low profitability, and its increase or decrease has not had a significant impact on housing investment. Due to their almost constant rate, long-term bank deposits have not been able to play a significant role as a housing competitor in housing investment fluctuations. The coefficient of the exchange rate has also been significant and has a positive sign in all the fulfilled models, although in the short term, this result may be defensible due to the existence of speculative motives, but in the long term based on the asset portfolio theory and considering the relationship between housing and currency substitution, the economic justification of this relationship is difficult.

Access to decent housing is the right of every person and all countries have put it on their agenda. In Iran, despite the emphasis on decent housing in Article 31 of the Constitution, the right to decent housing has not been realized in practice. Therefore, the current research seeks to develop a model to achieve the right to decent housing. The research is guided by a qualitative method. The structural-interpretive modeling has been used to present the model of the right to decent housing, and the mix-and-match analysis has been used to cluster the factors. The sampling method is purposeful and the statistical population is housing experts. The findings show that factors such as 1) keeping pace with the ideology and beliefs of the society, 2) relationships related to the governance structure, 3) relationships related to the social structure, 4) improving the security of possession, 5) justice in possession and 6) local requirements have the greatest influence in realizing the right to decent housing. The findings inform the housing trustees about their policies and remind them that they should reconsider their procedures. Instead of centralized policymaking, they should turn to local policymaking (provincialization of housing policy .

Housing is considered the most important asset of the household and it is a basic and irreplaceable commodity that, due to its price, accounts for a significant share of the household's income, and its owners, in order not to accept higher risks in other financial markets, They take care of it. Therefore, housing is considered a consumable and a capital item that cannot be removed from the budget of households. Turning housing into a capital good instead of a consumer good is one of the problems in the field of housing at the moment, which brings to mind the question, why has housing become a capital good in Iran? The answer to this question is the main goal pursued in this article. In order to answer this question, the study of documents is the basis, and by analyzing and describing the available materials, regarding the commodification of housing in Iran, as the statistical community of the research, it has been investigated. Since the housing price and most of the considered variables are endogenous, therefore, in this research, the vector self-explanatory model (VAR) has been used. Surveys show that; The matrix of correlation coefficients between the variables is positive, but it has a negative relationship with the exchange rate and the bank interest rate, and the highest correlation coefficient with the housing price is the gross domestic product. Also, the cause and effect relationship between the variables shows that housing prices have a mutual cause and effect relationship with stock variables (S), bank interest rate (R), sector credits function (CRE) and gross domestic product function (GDP) and with rate variables. Currency (EX) and coin price (G) do not have a clear cause and effect relationship, and they also have a one-way relationship with the variables of construction cost (C), liquidity volume (M) and inflation rate (INF), which shows that the investigated variables They affect the price of housing and its transformation into a capital good, and by managing each of these indicators, housing can be turned into a consumer good.

Among the different areas of Tehran, the distinctive and colorful role of several thriving and high-income areas in the north with high volume of construction and sales, the role of price drivers as the first hypothesis of the present study and factors affecting the level of demand and supply. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In this research, using spatial statistics technique in Arc GIS environment, the subject was analyzed and studied. To extract the data used in this section from the statistics and information of the Statistics Center of the country and studies of detailed plans of regions (urban land use) as well as reports of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, General Directorate of Economic Statistics (2006-2017), economic and social situation report. The results of the study of construction activities in urban areas of Tehran and the results of statistics on the cost and income of urban households and the authors' calculations and its conversion into cross-sectional data have been used. According to the results of Moran test, the existence of spatial effects on the difference in housing prices in the 22 districts of Tehran metropolis with three factors of distance, degree of concentration and topographic factor is confirmed at a high level of significance. According to the results of the spatial autocorrelation coefficient, the price fluctuation shock in one area has spread to other areas of Tehran metropolis. In other words, in spatial autocorrelation coefficient, among 521556 residential land use units in the neighborhoods and areas of Tehran metropolis, its price fluctuation and amplitude is strongly a function of the topography and stereotype of Balashahr-Paeinshahr in the popular literature of urban economics. So that among the 374 neighborhoods surveyed in the 22 regions of regions 1, 3, 2, 6, 5 and 4, the highest housing prices and regions 12, 15, 18, 11 and 16 have the lowest range of fluctuations and the lowest housing prices in the decade. Experimented 85-95.