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The aim of the present study was to investigate transplantation of MSCs and their- derived Neural like progenitors (NLPs) into the spinal cord after injury and evaluate the survival, migration, differentiation properties of these cells in Rat spinal cord.

NLPs were derived from MSCs (induced by bFGF(Fibroblast growth factor b), hEGF (Human Epidermal growth factor) and RA (Retinoic Acid)), and analyzed by flowcytometry and immuno fluorescence staining. MSCs and NLPs injected into model animals vein and collagen scaffold implanted into injured site. Behavioral testing was performed weekly for 5 weeks.

Improvement of transplanted animals evaluated after 5 weeks. Unfortunately, Substantial changes were not observed among the rats after the transplantation. Immuno fluorescence staining analysis using human nuclei and BrdU antibodies confirmed survival and migration of hMSCs and NLPs into the injury site. Transplanted cells were found to adjacent segments located rostro-caudaly to the injury epicenter.

Our findings indicate that hMSCs and NLPs couldnt facilitate recovery from spinal cord injury. However, these cells can express specific neuronal markers in injured site. There are many questions to be answered regarding this mechanism.

Animal modeling is a crucial necessity in clinical studies of liver diseases. Authenticity of the data which are produced using this tool under different conditions and accuracy of the analyses and assessments which would be based on such data sets is completely dependent on the adoption of a standardized methodology for analyzes and assessment of these data sets. Cirrhosis and Fibrosis are among the most important diseases which are studied by animals modeling due to the fact that their final structure is usually similar among a verity of patients and also because they are the common end stage of most chronic liver diseases. Up to now different approaches such as hepatotoxicity and surgical methods have been utilized to obtain cirrhotic or fibrotic models that either of which has its especial advantages and disadvantages. It is obvious that using models could indicate the production and treatment mechanisms of disease which we elucidate Fibrosis and cirrhosis here. Considering several animal models which were used for liver disease in the world in this survey we try to explain why what and how an animal must be choosen for modeling and how could be evaluated.

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can differentiate into several types of mesenchymal cells, including osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, but can also differentiate into non-mesenchymal cells, such as neural cells, under appropriate experimental conditions. Until now, many protocols for inducing neuro-differentiation in MSCs in vitro have been reported. In this study, we induced differentiation into neural phenotype in the hMSCs population by new protocol. In this treatment, hMSCs could express neural markers more than other reports, associating with remarkable morphological modifications

The study of mammalian cardiac tissue development is hampered by the lack of a suitable in vitro model. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells able to differentiate into derivatives of the three primary germ layers including cardiomyocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ES-derived cardiomyocytes react in respect to the chronotropic activities of adrenergic and cholinergic agents. Mateirals and

Embryonic stem cells of line Royan B1 were cultivated to produce embryoid bodies in hanging drops for 2 days and in bacterial dish for 5 days, then in tissue culture dish for 14 days. Chronotropic characteristics of spontaneously differentiated cardiomyocytes evaluated by isoprenaline (b1- adrenergic receptor agonist), phenylephrine (a1-adrenergic reaptor agonist), propanolol, (b-aderergic receptor antagonist), carbacol (muscarinic receptor agonist) and Bay K (Ca+2 channel activator) during 3 steps of differentiation (early, intermediate and terminal stages). Immunocytochemistry evaluated with antibodies against a-actinin, desmin, troponin I, and connexin 43.

Isopernalin, phenylephrin and Bay K increased the beats/min-1 and carbacol and propanolol reduced the beats/min during different steps. Immunocytochemistry of the cells showed a-actinin, desmin, troponin I and gap jucntion proteins.

These results showed this system can be useful as a test procedure for investigating the action of chrotropic drugs thus avoiding the use of alive animals for the prepartion of primary cultures of neonatal cardiac myocytes and a suitable system for developmental biology studies.