hossaini

Bimrocks are complex geomaterials that are defined as mixtures of rocks composed of geotechnically significant blocks within a matrix of finer texture. Bimslopes are made from bimrocks and are usually seen in weathered and shallow environments. Some characteristics of blocks affecting the strength of bimrocks include VBP (Volumetric Block Proportion), orientation, and arrangement, which have important roles in the stability of bimslopes. Previous studies show that bimrocks usually have a specific block size distribution, and for a bimslope with height of “H”, the size of blocks is changed from 0.05H to 0.75H. In this paper, the influence of large blocks position on bimslope stability was investigated by the physical and numerical models. The blocks that had a dimension larger than 0.5H were considered as “large blocks”. In this work, first, thirty physical models were created and tested using a titling table machine. These models have a specific block size distribution and VBP with ellipsoidal blocks. The main variable of the models is large blocks position, where three categories including lower part of bimslope, upper part of bimslope, and sporadic state are considered. Based on the results of physical trials, thirty numerical models at the laboratory scale were generated using the finite element method. After comparing the physical and numerical models, which showed a good accordance, the numerical models were developed to the natural scale. The theoretical bimslopes investigated in this work showed that the position of large blocks had a significant influence on the stability of bimslopes.

Barley cultivar Goharan with pedigree of "Rhn-03//L.527/NK1272", was selected among barley genotypes from ICARDA and was identified as is a suitable cultivar for temperate regions under both terminal drought stress and non-stress conditions with different irrigation water management. Preliminary, advanced and elite yield trialsof this cultivar under two conditions (terminal droughtstress and non-stress) were carried out at Karaj, Birjand, Isfahan and Varamin stations. The results of the experiments showed that under non stress conditions, Goharan cultivar had a mean grain yield of 6269 kgha-1 versus 5244 kgha-1 of Rihane ( 20% increase), and under terminal drought stress had mean yield of 4720 kgha-1 versus 4035 kgha-1 of Rihane ( 17% increase). This cultivar, had a mean protein content of 12 percent which indicates its good quality. Study on status of irrigation water use productivity in some drought tolerance barley genotypes showed that cultivar Goharan had the highest amount of water use productivity among genotypes. Results of on-farm trials showed that in average Goharan had 1196 and 623 kgha-1 higher grain yield than Nosrat and Yousef cultivars, respectively under both drought stress and non-stress conditions.Based on importance of water in recent years, drought and lowering of groundwater resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the country,where, there is a competition for irrigation water to cultivate spring products,cultivar Goharan was released for cultivation in non- stress areas and under drought stress in the temperate zone of the country for the sustainability of the barley production.

The Sahandi savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) is a native medicinal species of Iran, which is exposed to extinction. Organic farming of this species in low input systems has an important role to protect this valuable genetic reserve. To evaluate the essential oil content and components of the savory in natural habitat and field conditions, an experiment was conducted to investigate the plant growth responses to different fertilizer and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) density (0, 6, 12 and 18 plants/m2) in two planting patterns (rectangles, zigzag). The experiment was carried out in factorial based on RCBD with three replications at the Qazvin Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center during 2010 to 2012. The nutrient treatments included NPK plus foliar application of micronutrients, four tons/ha vermicompost, two tons/ha vermicompost plus 40 liters/ha vermi-tea (liquid formulation of vermicompost). At the flowering stage, the essential oil content and compounds were measured in both samples of field and natural habitats. The effect of planting pattern was not significant. The highest content of essential oils in first harvest (28.38%) and in second harvest (46.04%) were obtained from organic fertilizer treatments, two tons vermicompost 40 liters vermin-tea and four tons vermicompost, respectively. These treatments were superior to the savory harvested from natural habitats. The essential oil content of savory under competition of redroot pigweed at all densities were higher than the natural habitats and the highest content in first and second harvest (30.41% and 51.80%) was obtained at 18 plants/m2 pigweed density. In all fertilizer treatments, the content of thymol in comparison to natural habitats (38.49%) was superior and the highest content (42.95%) was obtained with application of four tons vermicompost. In the absence of weed, the Sahandi savory produced the greatest content of thymol (45.18%) compared to the savory grown in natural habitats.

The geospatial data quality validation is building an effort to develop quality standards for geospatial information. The growth of Volunteer Geospatial Information (VGI) raises many issues regarding quality control or quality assurance. The lack of metadata and standards combined with an unknown motivation and used credibility lead to heterogeneous datasets with unknown quality. Thus¡ two main approaches have been suggested for assessing the quality of VGI: first approach is based on comparing VGI with authorized data and second approach tries to validate VGI without using authorized data.
The methods based on first approach need the authorized information and this information is not always accessible or in case of existence might be expensive. Moreover¡ the method with global efficiency is not reachable. The methods based on second approach generally are three types: reviewing and correction by volunteers¡ using the general rules of geospatial data and extracting information from VGI to validate itself. The methods for reviewing and correction by volunteers argue that crowdsourcing data converges on the truth if people have the opportunity to review and correct errors. But features that many people have an interest will be more accurate than features that are of interest only to a few. In second methods¡ general rules for geospatial data like logical consistency used for VGI validation. The last method tries to use information from VGI to validate itself. For example a method determines information trust just by using the data history like production¡ change or removing of data to validate VGI just with itself.
In this article we try to present a method for validation of quality of VGI without using authorized data and by using of other VGI. In this article¡ calculable characteristics of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data¡ as one of the important sources of VGI¡ are used for validate the quality of its VGI data. Specially¡ we analysis the accuracy of classification of OSM roads network as part of semantic data of VGI. Roads¡ such as motorway and residential¡ have different design and characteristics according to their function in street network. It is tried to classify these roads by finding and learning these distinguish characteristics of each road class.
Machine learning models with decision tree and neural network algorithms are used to learn roads characteristics from OSM street network data. Decision tree and artificial neural network with multilayer perceptron are usable for data that contains errors and we have to assume VGI data always have errors. These two Statistical analysis¡ precision and recall are used for assessing final models. In accordance with the result¡ Decision tree model have 84.1% weighted average accuracy and represent a suitable model for this method. These methods are based on extractable information from VGI and could be used for any street network to classify the streets.

Pap smear test is an effective screening method for diagnosis of cervical cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of individual and group trainings based on Health Belief Model on belief and practice of Bushehr women regarding Pap smear test.
This controlled clinical trial study was performed on 150 women in three groups of; Individual training, group training, and control group. The group training was performed in two sessions and personal training in one session. Three groups received a training booklet on the first visit. Data were collected by a Questionnaire which was completed by three groups before training, one week, and three months after the training course. Pap smear performance was evaluated at the beginning and three months later the intervention among three groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using appropriate statistical tests.
Before the study, three groups had no significant differences on all demographic variables and mean score of knowledge and all the constructs. The mean of knowledge (p Education based on Health Belief Model to both individuals and groups training is effective to encourage women to do Pap test. With regard to cost- effectiveness, implementation of group training seems to be more appropriate.

Pharmaceutical wastes are in group of emerging contaminants. These materials cannot be removed completely with conventional treatment methods of water and wastewater. Drug and its metabolites, due to the potential risks toxic and toxicity potential to humans and environment should be removed from the water resources. In this study, Acetaminophen photo catalytic removal from aqueous solutions was investigated by X zeolite modified with TiO2 (TiO2/ X zeolite).
This study was experimental and carried out on a laboratory scale. To remove acetaminophen from aqueous solution, TiO2/X zeolite photo-catalyst under UV-C radiation (UV/TiO2-X process) was used. Acetaminophen concentration of soluble was measured using by spectrophotometer UV/Vis in λmax ~ 243nm. The optimal conditions of pH, catalyst dosage, acetaminophen initial concentration and reaction time were determined and also acetaminophen disintegration reaction kinetics was studied by TiO2-X catalyst. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics.
The results indicated that maximum removal of acetaminophen(95.45%) was related to 1 mg/L of initial concentration in the neutral pH and a catalyst concentration of 500 mg/L after 75min of start of photo-catalytic reaction. By decreasing concentration of acetaminophen its removal rates will increase. The Acetaminophen degradation kinetic with UV/TiO2-X process followed a pseudo-first order reaction with rate constants of 0.01446 min-1.
The Photocatalytic method of UV/TiO2-X to remove acetaminophen from aqueous solutions has a high efficiency and is recommended.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotional intelligence group training (EIGT) on cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) in students as the victims of parent's emotional abuse. Children of victim of emotional abuse have many problems in emotional regulation. This research did base on an experimental design. Fifty students screening from first grade of middle school in second region of Shiraz with emotional abuse problems and randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=25) or a control group (n=25). The participations completed the emotional abuse and emotion cognition regulation questionnaire. Finally, data were analyzed by statistical methods of covariance analyses. The results indicated that in contrast with control group, experimental group demonstrated significant increase in emotional regulation strategies. Data didnt confirm the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on negative emotional regulation strategies. The final result of this study was that emotional intelligence training affected on emotional regulation.

Introduction and Elder abuse is an important health problem that is becoming a major social issue in the near future due to increase number of older population. The purpose of this study was to assess elder abuse and its dimensions in day care centers.This cross sectional study was conducted among elderly utilizing day care services in rehabilitation institute of Mohhamad Shahr city. The elder abuse questionnaire was used to collect data from 65 seniors and data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from this study confirmed existence of elder abuse in seniors utilizing day care services. The most prevalent type of elder abuse attributed to mental abuse followed by financial abuse, neglect and lastly physical abuse. Our findings revealed that single elderly women are more vulnerable to abuse. Additionally, we found that the likelihood of becoming a victim of elder abuse increases with age (P< 0.05). Elder abuse exists in the society but victims are often hidden because of cultural reasons. There is no official statistics on magnitude of the elder abuse due to lack of formal institutes to disseminate such information. Rehabilitation centers are places where different types and extent of possible abuse can be recognized. Caring professions such as nursing, social work, psychology and medicine can implement three level of prevention. Furthermore, interdisciplinary interaction of such professions plays an effective role on interventions of elderly rehabilitation team.

the use of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost in agriculture as a soil conditioner is increasing day by day because of its positive effects on biological, physical, and chemical soil properties. However, some of the composts because of contamination with heavy metals and other impurities can have deleterious effects on groundwater quality, agricultural environment, food chain, plant growth and activity of soil microorganisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties, fertilizing potential and heavy metal polluting potential of two types of municipal solid waste composts with processing time between 4 to 8 years (type A) and between1 to 4 years (type B) produced in Sanandaj city with the aim of using it as an organic fertilizer.
Sanadaj city, the center of Kurdistan province, with a population of about 335,000 is located in the west of Iran. The current solid waste generation from the city is about 320 t/day, which are not separated at source of generation. About 200 t of the total produced wastes are composted using an open windrows system at the Sanandaj MSW Composting Plant, which is located in 10 km of Sanadaj-Kamiaran road and the rest are disposed at the landfill site. The compost manufactured by the composting plant has been collected around it in two different locations. The first belonges to the product of 2004-2008 (type A) and the second belonges to the product of 2009-2013 (type B). Till now, due to lack of quality information associated with these products, they have remained unused. Therefore, in this study, we sampled 3 samples composed of six subsamples (each containing 2 kg) from the products in March 2013. The samples were analyzed to determine the physical properties (including undesirable impurities, initial moisture content, particle size distribution, particle density, bulk density (ρb), porosity, and maximum water holding capacity), and the chemical properties (including organic carbon, ash content, pH and salinity) and total amounts of N, P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cd using standard methods.
The results showed that bulk density, ash content, and the amounts of elements based on the dry weight of compost increased with composting time, however particle size decreased. It is well known that dry bulk density increased with composting time as ash content increased and particle size decreased by decomposition, turning and screening. The decreases of particle size with composting time cause an enrichment of metals based on the dry weight of compost. It is likely due to solubilization of metals in waste by organic acid produced during the microbial decomposition of organic matter and their subsequent adsorption on finer particles due to the higher surface area and the higher ion exchangeable capacity. The evaluation of the fertilizing potential of the surveyed composts by comparing their properties with different standard sets showed that the both composts under test in this study were failed to meet the standard permissible limits with regard to glass content (on average, 21.7 times over the permissible limit), gravel content (on average, 1.4 times over the permissible limit), lead content (on average, 1.6 times over the permissible limit), and salinity content (on average, 1.4 times over the permissible limit). Furthermore, compost type B also failed to meet the standard permissible limits with regard to initial moisture content (on average, 1.4 times over the permissible limit) and ρb (0.2 gcm-3, less than permissible limit) for agricultural purposes. The results showed that excessive amount of glass impurity bigger than 2 mm, salinity and lead contents are the major problems in the use of the composts for agricultural purposes. It should be noted that according to the maximum permissible limit of lead (150-300 mg kg-1) for compost C1 quality class described by Australian standard; both the composts can be used as fertilizers or soil amendments. In order to eliminate glass impurity, remediation approaches such as fine milling and pelleting is needed to disguise the residual glasses and render it as relatively harmless. A feasible approach to eliminate these problems is probably physical fractionation of the studied composts. It allows us to assess the distribution of nutrients and contaminants values in the different physical fractions of the composts, which is useful to detect and to eliminate of the particle sizes which are the responsible for these impurities.
The assessment of MSW-based compost for use in agricultural soil as fertilizer or conditioner is a sustainable recycling practice owing to its nutrient content and its positive effects on soil physico-chemical properties. Thus, we evaluated the fertilizing potential of two MSW composts produced in Sanandaj city for agricultural purposes. Altogether, the results of the study showed that excessive amount of glass impurity bigger than 2 mm and salinity were the major problems in the use of the composts for agricultural purpose. As a result, the quality of the surveyed composts was not suitable for agricultural purposes without appropriate remediation of these restrictions.

Regarding to the important role of weed management، soil fertility and organic farming of the medicinal plants، in this research، the effect of different levels of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexux L.) density on growth and yield of sahendi savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) was studied in several fertility regimes including vermicompost with complete and decreased amount of conventional fertilizers. Experiment was carried out using randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments with three replicates in Esmaeil Abad Station of Agriculture and Natural Resoursec Research Organization of the Qazvin province during 2010-2012. Fertility factors included NPK plus micro nutrients spraying in first and second year (CF)، vermicompost (4 t/ha) in first year (V4)، vermicompost (2 t/ha) in first year plus liquid vermitea (40 L/ha) in second year (V2T). Redroot pigweed density levels included 0، 6، 12، and 18 plants per square meter (W0، W6، W12 and W18). Results showed that in first year main effect of fertilizer on shoot weight، and main effect of weed interference on essential oil (p<0. 05) and shoot weight (p<0. 01) were significant. Weed dry weight significantly (p<0. 01) was influenced by weed density in both years of the experiment. The highest percentage of savory essential oil was obtained at 2 t/ha vermicompost+vermitea in no weed treatment. Sixteen compounds were identified in the essential oil of savory of which thymol، р-cymene and γ-trepinene were the most important ones. According to the results of the essential oil analysis، treatment of 4 t/ha vermicompost in weed free condition increased thymol production. However، thymol decreased and р-cymene increased in response to the existence of weeds.

Two separate experiments were carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of drought stress on of germination, morphological and biochemical traits of Oryza sativa L. cv.Hashemi in vegetative growth at the Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, in 2011. At first experiment, different level of drought stress (0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10 bar) by polyethylenglycol 6000 were studied on germination of rice. The number of germinated seeds was counted each day and was sampled after ten days. Then, the percentage and rate of germination and length and dry weight of shoot and root were determined. The next experiment, levels of drought stress including control (field capacity), 20, 40, 60, 80 of field capacity on vegetative growth rice plantlets were investigated. Plantlets were transferred to the plastic pots and the sampling of seedlings was carried out 22 days after planting. Both experiments were conducted in Completely Random Design with three replications. The results showed that levels of drought had a negative effect on the percentage and rate of germination and length and dry weight of shoot and root. In vegetative stage, height, leaf area and root only in 20% field capacity treatment and amount of prolin and potassium in shoot in all drought levels were significantly decreased. We concluded the level of drought stress in 40, 60, 80 field capacity have not sensible effect on vegetative growth Oryza sativa L. cv.Hashemi.

The aim of this research was to determine a epidemiology of abnormal eating habits and its relationship with big five personality factors in a population of high school girls. Research method was sectional survey and correlation. Statistical populations of this study were girl students between first and precollege grades in Boushehr city that selected 710 people with use multistage cluster sampling. For collective data used Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and Neuroticism Extraversion Openness-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-FFI-R). Results indicated 2.25 percent of girl students have a like eating disorder. In prediction of atrophy’s regime behavior in basis of the big five personality factor with use multivariate regression results indicated only Openness to experience can predict positively the Dieting behavior in girl students. Also, in prediction of Binge eating behavior and food preoccupation results showed only Neuroticism can predict positively, but none the big five personality factor can’t predict oral’s control behavior in girl students. This research showed that measure of like eating disorder in girl students noticeable and two personality’s factors of Openness to experience and Neuroticism related with eating disorders in girl students.

Many devices and methods are available for the measurement and control of flow rate in open irrigation channels. Among, these devices, sharp crested weirs and sluice gates are commonlyused. In order to minimize the disadvantages of weir and gate, they can be combined together in one device yielding a simultaneous flow over the weir and below the gate. In this study the hydraulic characteristics of combined device of weir-gate such as coefficient of discharge and effective parameter on simultaneous discharge were investigated. The relationship between the experimental and theoretical results of the geometric and hydraulic parameters in the function of the flow statistically was analyzed and a coefficient discharge for combinational flow was presented. The error from the application of equation for 95% of data was ±2.5 percent.

Sleep quality has neurobehavioral consequences that impact academic performance. Irregular and insufficient sleep habits and time inevitably leads to sleep problems. The aim of this survey was to understand of correlation between sleep quality with sleep habits and times among college students. Simple random sampling was used to select 80 students from the entire Iranshahr faculty of medical sciences for this cross sectional study. Bed time، sleep latency، waking time and nap time of participants during 1 month recorded. In the end of month، students were asked to complete Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires. Then، all of them interviewed by the someone. Individuals with good sleep quality went to bed at 23:12، awoke at 6:14 and had 8. 05 h total sleep time (TST). There were positive and significant correlation between sleep quality with sleep latency and bed time. And also، there were a negative correlation (p<0. 005، r=-0. 33) between sleep quality and TST. Rise time and nap time were not correlated with sleep quality. Selecting appropriate sleep time and following sufficient and regular sleep habits increase the sleep quality.

To find an accurate and rapid method of estimating herbage standing crop, clipping and weighing, double sampling, and comparative yield methods were compared in two vegetation types of grasslands and one cushion shrub land in Sar-Ali abad summer rangelands of Golestan province. In representative stands of each vegetation type, eighty 1-m2 plots were clipped and weighted. In double sampling, 16 plots were estimated and clipped. In comparative yield method, standard (reference) plots were used as the highest and the lowest yield were recorded for the reference plot 5 and reference plot 1, respectively. There was high correlation between estimated and clipped plots in double sampling. There was also high correlation between reference plots and their weights; therefore, the estimation of double sampling and the ranks of comparative yield method were corrected by using regression equations. There were no significant differences among 3 methods, but the time consumption of double sampling was better than the other methods. Given the widespread use of double sampling method in grasslands and shrub lands and also its high accuracy and precision, this method is recommended for the study area.

In present study، Re concentration determined in 30 hexagonal (2H) and trigonal (3R) molybdenite samples belong to veinlets of different stages of hypogene mineralization from 7 porphyry Cu and Mo deposits from Kerman region. Re concentration in molybdenites of these ore deposits varied from 49 g/t to 1449 g/t which are in Re concentration range of other porphyry Cu and Mo deposits around the world. In general، 3R molybdenites show the higher Re concentration (average ~ 563 g/t) than those of 2H molybdenites (average ~ 479 g/t). Variations of Re concentration in molybdenite types deposited during different stages of hypogene mineralization indicate more concentration of Re in molybdenites precipitated with transitional (B-type veins) and late (D-type veins) stages of mineralization than those of early stage veinlets (A-type veins). This distribution suggest that Re with more acidic and cooler hydrothermal fluids at the transitional and the late stages of porphyry system evolution is more concentrated with silicification، sericitization، and argillization alterations. Present study indicated that molybdenites with high Re content are associated with porphyry copper deposits which are characterized by low average grade of Mo، limited contents of molybdenite، and also their productive intrusive is resulted from significant contribution of mantle-derived magmas respect to crustal materials. In addition to abovementioned signatures، frequency of 3R poly-type of molybdenite in ore deposits، less fractionated and more calcic composition of productive intrusive of ore deposits with their less radiogenic of Sr and Pb isotope ratios، as well as occurrence of late stages of acidic and low temperature hydrothermal alteration and mineralization processes in formation and evolution history of ore deposits are signatures of porphyry copper and molybdenum deposits with high Re contents.

To find an accurate and rapid method of estimating herbage standing crop, clipping and weighing, double sampling, and comparative yield methods were compared in two vegetation types of grasslands and one cushion shrubland in Sar-Aliabad summer rangelands of Golestan province. In representative stands of each vegetation type, eighty 1-m2 plots were clipped and weighed. In double sampling method, 16 plots were estimated and clipped. In comparative yield method, standard (reference) plots were used as the highest yield belonged to the reference plot 5 and the lowest yield belonged to the reference plot 1. A high correlation was found between estimated and clipped plot in double sampling method. There was also high correlation between reference plots and their weights, so estimation of double sampling and ranks of comparative yield method were corrected by using regression equations. There were no significant differences among 3 methods, but time consumption of double sampling was better than the other methods. So, because of extensive application of double sampling method in grasslands and shrublands and its high accuracy and precision this method of yield estimation is recommended for the study area.

The purpose followed in this descriptive-correlational study was to identify factors affecting Saffron farmer's knowledge regarding scientific principles of saffron's cultivation. The research instrument was structural questionnaire with close-ended questions, the validity and reliability of which was confirmed. The target population of the study consisted of all Saffron farmers in Torbat-e-Jam township, Razavi Khorasan province, (N=2253) out of whom and according to Cochran formula, a number of 169 individuals were selected, using statistical sampling in a cluster randomization method. Finally, 152 questionnaires were recollected and analyzed (n=152). Descriptive results of the research indicated that the majority of saffron farmer's knowledge (78 or 51.30%) stood at a "moderate" level. Furthermore, the results indicated that the highest vs. the highest level of knowledge amount of saffron farmers was respectively related to their familiarity with harvest operations vs. choice of and proper varieties. There was a statistically significant observed relationship between "farmers’ personal and economical characteristics", and their "technical knowledge". The results of the Bivariate Regression revealed that 78.5 percent of variability in technical knowledge of Saffron farmers stemmed from their “use of information resources, educational level, access to agricultural inputs and credits, farm size, as well as their maximum annual production”.

Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial plant and belongs to Cannabinaceae family, cultivated in many parts of the world for medicinal and industrial uses. It’s native to Golestan Province. This survey was carried out during 2000-2003 to achieve the best method for cultivation of H. lupulus in Gorgan. In this research, four methods of cultivation (seeding, cutting, underbrush, and layering) were performed in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Results showed significant differences with regard to the plant's establishment between the methods of underbrush, layering and seeding with cutting (p < 0/01). Significant differences were also observed with regard to the yield of Humulus lupulus under different cultivation methods as underbrush and layering methods respectively with a yield of 1610 and 1338 kgha-1 showed higher yield than that of seeding and cutting methods with 687 and 28.5 kgha-1 respectively (p < 0/01). Totally, underbrush method is recommended for Gorgan region due to the suitable establishment and high yield in comparison with three other methods.

Status of fish consumption was analyzed by completing the 295 questionnaires in all 22 metropolitan regions of Tehran from different households in 2008. After reviewing the descriptive and statistics analysis along with the non-parametric statistics, the fish consumption per capita was extracted through formulas. The average and mode of purchasing of each household occurs 11 times per year with 5.1 Kg in each time. Considering the higher fish consumption growth rate in Iran, the sequence of interest in all kinds of protein is as follows: poultry, mutton, beef, Trout, wild fishes and Chinese carps. The highest interest of households to buy fish more than other protein resources is due to the nutrient value of it. An average of 33.2% purchasing is dedicated to the farmed fish. 59% of purchasers are interested to buy packed up fish products and pay attention to the label of nutrient values on the product package. Fish consumption per capita is 13.3 Kg, which is divided to 6.4 kg for farmed fishes, 5.8 Kg for wild fishes and 1.1 Kg for canned fish. The higher consumption per capita of Tehran citizens in comparison with other people from other cities, who are living in Tehran, is because of their tendency and freshness of farmed fishes. In contrast, the consumption of canned and wild fishes among people of littoral regions who live in Tehran is higher than others.

Today cities with the rapid growth and developed, so that the urban development process is now one of the most important issue for urban researchers. Moreover, growth of cities, for how changes in the macro level is also considered. In the present study provide a framework for mapping and analyzing patterns of predictability in the development of differences spatial scales - physical has been provided the processes of growth and expansion of Tabriz. In this paper with using of multi-temporal Landsat satellite imagery and using image processing techniques land use change trend has been evaluated in 1984-2010 with emphasis to Tabriz city growth and also with forecasting techniques such cellular automata and Markov chain Tabriz city growth would be assessment till 2021. Based on the results of this study it was found that the city of Tabriz in the size and scale of operation, respectively, Agricultural Land, pasture, water, and arid, mountainous terrain surrounding the expansion of space has its own physical. According to results of the Tabriz area of 5,768 hectares in 1984 to 11,853 hectares in 2010 and has performed with the trend will be predicted till 2021 to more than 14,312 hectares. Also in development is the tendency to develop physical - space along the eastern and western city of Tabriz is the quality of agricultural lands around the city.

Soil samples were collected from rhizosphere of tomato and olive plants in Golestan, Gilan, Zanjan and Qom provinces (Iran). Fluorescent pseudomonas bacterial strains were isolated on King’s B medium and their phenotypic features were characterized. For all tested strains production of fluorescent pigments on King’s B medium, arginine dihydrolase, growth at four and 41 ºC and oxidase were positive. Most of them reduced nitrate and produced gelatinase but tobacco hypersensitivity reaction (HR), levan formation and pectinolytic activity on potato slices were negative for all. Filtrate liquid was obtained from 48 h culture of the fluorescent pseudomonas on King’s B broth medium. Nematicidal activity of the bacterial filtrate against fresh hatched Meloidogyn javanica juveniles was investigated under laboratory condition. Results indicated that above 60% of the tested strains showed nematicidal activity (>50% nematode mortality) under this condition. Efficacy of the representative of the most effective strains along with the nematicide, Nemacur 10G against nematode egg production, the juveniles, mature females and gall formation, plant fresh root and aboveground weight of tomato were studied under green-house condition. Under this condition total nematode eggs, juveniles, mature females and gall formation on tomato roots were decreased significantly as compared to other treatments. The highest number of eggs,, juveniles,, mature females and gall formation on tomato roots were observed in control treatment, and the lowest were recorded in plants treated with Pseudomonas fluoresces strain 99. There was no significant differences between the treatments as far as fresh root and aboveground weight are concerned, however, they differed significantly as compared to control check treatments in which the highest fresh root and aboveground weight.

Collection and identification of medicinal plants have been carried out since 2001 for five years in Golestan Province. Results showed tthere are 409 species of medicinal plants related to 95 families. Among them 45 species have traditional usage in the province. The medicinal plants of Golestan province in basses life forms including: 83 tree and shrub species, 189 perennial herbs species and 137 biennial and annual species. Study of distribution of medicinal plants in the Golestan province showed that 156 species in the forest, 98 species in the rangeland, 47 species in the agricultural lands and roads margin and 108 species are to form common in three lands.

Abstract: The present paper compares full kinetics mechanisms in numerical modelling of porous radiant burners (PRB), with their reduced forms. The two most frequently used mechanisms of methane combustion (GRI3.0 and Miller) were selected and their effects were examined on temperature, species concentration, burning speed, and pollutant emission. While the findings of numerical simulation of PRB show fine concurrence between each full mechanism and its related reduced mechanism, no significant temperature differences are observed in the results of full mechanisms. However, CO concentration along burner axis shows a small difference between two full mechanisms, which is related to HCO and HO2 concentrations. The inconsistency is more pronounced for NO concentration along porous axis, which is due to prompt NO evaluation. The present research finds deviation also between burning speeds, calculated by numerical simulation and experimental results. This difference is much more significant in rich mixtures. GRI3.0 mechanism estimated the burning velocities as closer to the experimental values than those predicted using Miller mechanism.

It we want to discuss the cultural and literary relations of India and Iran from the very outset till this day, it would be quite extended and would lead to no end. Therefore, the article in hand reviews only that segment of the ties that relates to the second half of the twentieth century in order to establish and remind that to what an extent the rapport has been intensive and extensive, and at the same time quite advantageous. The paper thoroughly tackles bilateral cultural measures taken by certain Iranian and Indian authorities, scrutiny of the position of the embassies and cultural centers, the role of magazines and publications, hinting at the professors of Farsi language and the translation works from Farsi into Hindi and vice-versa, examining the role of researchers and scholars interested in the deep rooted cultural communication between India and Iran, and debating the centers of Iranology, and Indialogy, and the academic unions of Farsi professors in India and Iran.