mohammad abdolhosseinzadeh

Providing appropriate public services plays a vital role in improving public efficacy and governance quality. In this context, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) in public administration can enhance decision-making quality in the public sector, improve the efficacy of public service delivery to citizens, and increase their satisfaction with governance. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the functions of AI in enhancing the quality of public services. Based on a review of scientific literature in the field of AI functionalities and using thematic analysis, 11 fundamental AI functions for improving administrative systems were identified. In the next phase, the identified functions were structured into four levels using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method. Among these, data-driven decision-making facilitation in the public sector emerged as the foundational function at the fourth level, recognized as the most critical AI functionality for enhancing administrative efficacy. Additionally, functions such as improving service quality and economic productivity, reducing the costs of ill-informed decisions, and enhancing transparency, accountability, and public trust were identified as the primary outcomes of AI, categorized at the first level. Furthermore, functionalities including process automation and intelligence, leveraging collective intelligence and increased citizen engagement, personalized service delivery, enhancing the quality and intelligence of human resource management, intelligent diagnosis in public service delivery, and enabling inter-organizational smart interaction were identified as pivotal variables with leverage effects in achieving AI-driven administrative efficacy and public service delivery.

The requirements of the current world, including the necessity of citizens' participation, the lack of direct will of governments and the advancement of goals by influencing the interests and preferences of citizens, make it necessary to adopt a soft governance approach. In this regard, soft governance tools have been proposed and used in recent years. Soft tools are non-binding, interpretable, flexible and include a high degree of delegation in formation and formulation, and in this way, increase the quality of policies. The aim of the current research is to identify and typify soft policy-making tools in order to prepare a soft governance toolbox in the national policy-making system. The present research, by combining existing studies, identified 30 soft tools in the policy-making system, and with the aim of facilitating the use of these tools, with the focus group method, a classification based on two dimensions of the level of effectiveness of the tool (including: people / context and context)) and the purpose of using the tool (including: encouraging and persuading/accelerating and facilitating/improving quality/localizing/regulating/obstructing and deterring). Also, with the aim of smart implementation, it is necessary to consider the necessary platform in the use of each of the soft tools, and this category of tools should be used as a supplement and facilitator along with hard tools such as legislation.Keywords:Administrative System efficiency, Policy Tools, Soft Governance, Soft Tools, classification of Tools

Participatory governance in higher education emphasizes the active participation of various stakeholders in decision-making and planning. In practice, the implementation of participatory governance is not easily possible and there are many barriers, especially in bureaucratic systems. The present study seeks to provide a comprehensive classification of the challenges of implementing participatory governance in higher education based on studies in this field and their analysis.

the method of the present article is meta-synthesis and qualitative with an exploratory approach. In this method, by using the meta-synthesis method and selecting about 150 articles and related researches, mostly from 2010 to 2020, and collected from various valid scientific databases, finally using this method, 100 selected articles were identified and the challenges of implementing participatory governance were identified.

Implementation challenges in higher education governance include eight categories: 1- Structural challenges, 2- Managerial, 3- Macro and extra-organizational, 4- Political, 5- Cultural and social, 6- Planning, 7- Economic and financial, and 8- Instrumental Challenges Each of which consists of subcomponents.

Social co-innovation is a new approach that seeks to solve society's problems and provide public services through the cooperation and participation of citizens. To implement social co-innovation in the public sector, it is necessary to identify appropriate tools and mechanisms. The current research was formed with the aim of identifying the tools and mechanisms of implementing social co-innovation in the public sector. The present research method is a qualitative method of systematic literature review. In the systematic review of literature, 111 scientific works were first identified and after various stages of review and refinement of sources, 49 scientific works were selected and extracted by thematic combination method, basic concepts and categories. By analyzing the findings, 58 social co-innovation tools were identified and classified into four types of organizational tools, legal tools, economic tools, and information tools (soft and smart). By examining different tools, it was found that in order to realize social co-innovation, the set of tools should be used according to the conditions and requirements of the policy-making system and the public sector administrative system, and avoid the use of authoritarian and bureaucratic tools that are not compatible with social co-innovation, and focus on intermediate organizational tools. be managed by the private sector and business

Policy instruments, as the most important part of the policy-making process, have an important role in the designing and implementation of policy. In order to implement the meta policies of the administrative system, various instruments have been used, which in practice have not led to the implementation of these policies. present study seeks to analyze and pathology instruments for the implementation of meta policies of the administrative system. In the present study, based on Targeted Sampling, experts and Professors of the administrative system were identified. After conducting semi-structured deep interview with them, the data were coded using thematic analysis method and the web of themes was discovered with 4 Global Themes, 19 organizing themes and 184 basic themes. Findings showed that, firstly, unfortunately, the insights and policy contexts for tooling in the administrative system are not considered, and secondly, there are serious weaknesses and challenges in the design of structural and process instruments, functional instruments and capacity building instruments,That reason of the non-implementation of the meta policies of the administrative system.

Effective management in higher education must be done with the participation and cooperation of all stakeholders. Participatory governance is one of the approaches that has been presented to the management of academic institutions by focusing on the participation and involvement of its all stakeholders. This article seeks to provide a comprehensive classification of the components of the achievements and functions of participatory governance in the higher education system by using the meta-synthesis method. The present study is qualitative and has been conducted in the paradigm of interpretiveness with the aim of exploring the components of the functions and achievements of participatory governance in higher education. Also, data collection is cross-sectional in terms of research time. In the current research, by collecting information from reliable scientific databases and refining it, 100 articles were selected as the main articles for extracting findings. By analyzing the findings, it has been obtained that the functions and achievements of participatory governance in higher education can be divided into 6 categories: 1- promoting coordination, cohesion and integration 2- strengthening communication, building trust and increasing participation and decentralization in decision making 3- increasing efficiency and effectiveness (through cooperation) 4- increasing learning and free access to information to help facilitating the implementation of the policies 5- increasing accountability and transparency and reducing the differences and 6- increasing commitment and sense of responsibility.

Correct analysis of the policy-making process requires a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of policy-making instruments. The main question of the present study is what are the scope and dimensions of policy instrument as a new field of study?. In the present study, due to the importance of this issue, using the method of systematic literature review, we presenting big picture of the instrumental studies scope in public policy studies. Using the systematic literature review method, 526 foreign scientific documents were first identified and 38 scientific texts were selected for analysis by screening scientific documents in several stages. In the analysis phase, using the Thematic Synthesis method, 108 concepts were identified and classified into 27 categories. Finally, under the six major axes of conceptualization of policy instruments, position of instruments in public policy studies, taxonomy of policy instruments, characteristics of policy instruments, factors affecting Policy instruments and new areas and future of policy instruments study. The future direction of studies in this field is to pay attention to understanding the complex nature of human behavior through behavioral sciences and social marketing and focus on laboratory and experimental studies and smartening and digitizing tools to optimize policy instrument. Improving the one-tool approach in decision-making institutions, designing an instrumental appendix for policies, laws and programs, building tools to promote public participation and the third part and smartening tools according to the requirements of the national policy system, including policy recommendations based on policy tool studies to improve national governance and policy-making

Ideation canvas is a systematic arrangement of selected concepts side by side that tries to guide the mind of infinite ideators to innovative answers to specific questions. Designing a variety of idea-making forums is one of the measures that has become common in business-oriented events in recent years, and there is less opportunity to create problem-oriented idea-design forums, tailored to social goals. The present study was designed to design a problem-oriented idea-based canvas for social planning, and the main question of the research is what is a problem-oriented idea-canvas and its components? The present study is one of the qualitative researches that has been extracted by analyzing the existing literature of the idea canvas and also holding the focus group, the problem-oriented canvas and its components. In the next step, in order to validate and validate the extracted canvas, a questionnaire was distributed between interns and participants in social events and using one-sample t-test method, participants' opinions about the dimensions and components of the designed idea canvas were analyzed. The proposed ideation canvas is organized in two general sections, superstructure and infrastructure, and in each section, there are 9 sections. In the problem-oriented superstructure, there are requirements for in-depth description of the problem and the method of change appropriate to that problem. The underlying part of the canvas refers to the theoretical foundations that guide the overall structure of an idea and become the main basis of the idea generation process.

Governance models express the foundation, approach, method and tools of governing the society in line to the specified goals. Accordingly, each government, based on the accepted value system, have its own governance model. The present study seeks to provide an indigenous model of governance appropriate to the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a model which could coined as jihadi governance according to Ayatollah Khamenei's thinking. In order to unveiling the model of Mujahidaneh governance, the researchers first identifies and categorizes the main and secondary themes by referring to the research source, Ayatollah Khamenei's speeches, employing thematic analysis methodology and then, In the validation stage of the research results, multiple methods such as constant comparison and external audit have been used. It should be noted that the external audit procedures in the form of fuzzy Delphi method has been referred to experts and their comments have been taken. The results of the research in the form of a model for Mujahidaneh governance in the form of 147 basic themes, 10 organizing themes, and two global themes of jihadi government, jihadi policies, as well as a trust-based relation between the components of the governance model including private sector, NGOs, military, etc., presented. This model is based on the cooperative and mutual cooperation between all components.

Islam is an integrated and harmonious set. In this regard, each of its components is in their own place. The political system of Islam, which is one of the components of this collection, reflects the fact that the realm of religion goes beyond the personal and private realm and addresses social issues. Due to its religious nature, the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on Islamic principles and, as a consequence, should be the system of the system that is embodied in the macro and macro policies based on these principles. Resources are the recognition of Islamic values, the Quran and the Sunnah, among which the status of the Quran It is critical as gravity. The main purpose of the present research is to explore the Qur'anic comprehensive policies of the political system. The present research approach is a qualitative approach based on the Qur'anicrim theme research methodology. In collecting the data, reciving all the Quranic verses in the form of the approach of the Quranic subject and the study of related books and related works, the political verses of this field were extracted. In the analysis of the data, in addition to the previous approach, the method of theorizing of the foundation data was used for the systematic conceptualization of the verses as well as their categorization and categorization in order to achieve a conceptual framework and model. In the field of crediting, using continuous comparisons by referring to experts in the form of external audit methodology, conceptual model and comprehensive policy propositions were validated. The findings and results of this study, after analyzing the verses, are the achievement of a comprehensive conceptual framework of the political system based on the Holy Qur'an and the elaboration of the comprehensive policies of the political system.

One of the important concerns of governments in the area of ​​governance and policy making, performance and achievement of objectives, and the fight against corruption is of such extravagance and wastefulness. To this end, governments are trying to take advantage of the approaches, methods and new tools to achieve these goals are less costly and more efficient. One of the most modern approaches and tools that governments have used to better governance, transparency is.

In this study, text analysis and document analysis to study theory and research as well as operational and practical examples will be discussed and implemented in other countries in the area of ​​transparency benefits, functions and benefits of transparency expressed.

In this study, research and international experience in the field of transparency and instances of applications, including transparency in contracts, transparency of Council meetings, staff assessment and performance is obvious that an efficient tool of transparency, the fight against corruption, control, monitoring, effectiveness and empowerment is the policy of .

In the end, it becomes clear that a new approach and new transparency safest, most successful, easiest, most cost-efficient way for the government to measure the stature of government, increasing interaction between people and government and public participation, and combat corruption and so on.

At present, the Supreme Councils and Councils systems are one of the most important components of the Islamic Republic's decision-making and governance system. The development of these institutions in our governance system has created serious challenges and damages in some areas; therefore, one of the most important activities to be undertaken is to analyze the Role of these institutions in the country's governance system. The purpose of the present study is to conceptualize and analyze the Role of Supreme Councils in the country's governance system. To achieve this goal, a brief conceptualization of the supreme councils and council systems is first done. The next step describes the position of the Supreme Councils in the country's decision-making system. The third step is the pathology of the status of the Supreme Councils in the country and at the end of the discussion of reforming the council system in the country and providing policy recommendations for the improvement of the Supreme Councils in the country's governing system. From a methodological point of view, this research is a review study that aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic of the Supreme Councils, providing macro policy recommendations for reforming the Councils systems in the country. In the present study, the pathology of council institutions is presented in four sections: legal, managerial, structural and content. Finally, there are seven policy recommendations for reforming the Soviet system in the country.

The book "Government Tools in the Digital Age" is one of the basic texts and an essential foundation book in the field of government tools. An instrumental approach has been considered in public policy in recent years. In the present book, by introducing the tools of government, gives readers good knowledge. The author in this book, by introducing government tools and expressing the Requirements of the digital age and information technology, seeks to state how the digital age affects the type and choice of government tools for governance and public policy. The book also focuses on the use of a combination of government tools and the subject of package tools.

The present survey aims at clarifying the features of scientific groups in suprime educational system by applying comparative study of world selected scientific groups. The method of the study is a comparative study and sampling. In this way 17 world scientific groups are selected, identified and analysed by content analysis and Delphy fuzzy method is used to validate the results. Through the content analysis of selected scientific groups and in order to clarify the features and function of scientific groups the results are confiremed in seven dimentions and are classified in 38 components and indicators and the validity is conformed by Delphy fuzzy method. Stablishing the scientific group among undergraguate university students is a widespread measure in suprime educational system and provides an atmosphere for the talented students to develop their ability in comparison with other students.

One of the most important components in the university teaching-learning context is the relationship between teacher and student. The formation of scientific groups is a new action that is running by the National Elite Foundation. In this time, one of the most important issues of the National Elite Foundation is the recognition of administrative requirements for the Strengthen and expansion of the scientific group in universities. This research seeks to discover the important factors influencing the leadership of the scientific groups of National Elite Foundation, so that it can manage and lead these scientific groups more effectively and efficiently. This research is a general qualitative research with a qualitative and exploratory approach. In this study, according to the purpose of the research a multi-case study strategy is used. In order to analyze the data, thematic analysis is used through the MAXQDA software. Cases in this research are scientific groups sponsored by National Elite Foundation. Data and information were collected through interviewing, holding focus group meetings, scientific experiments at universities of the world, and reports from groups.  After data analysis, 547 primary concepts were extracted. Studying the themes repeatedly, they were modified that resulted in the network thematic consisted of 122 basic themes, 16 organized theme and 4 global themes. The areas of scientific group activities organization and internal administration of scientific group, governance system of scientific group and results and impact of scientific group were four global themes, which organized themes and basic themes and were placed there.

'Systematizing' has four equivocal meanings: knowledge of a system (in the genetic fields), search for a system (in the legislation fields), formation of a system (in conventional matters) and position of a system (in reality). Although the particular meaning of this word is regarding social conventional matters and common policy making, but its general meaning includes all the four [mentioned] fields; and also the Holy Quran, as a religious epistemological source, mentions each field accordingly.
If the process of systemization, according to my preferred definition, is not based on the bases extracted from Quranic knowledge on the one hand and is not compatible with social realities on the other hand, it would solve unreal, non-prior and imposed matters instead of solving real ones. This deviation from substantial religious sources causes failure of the Islamic system in the fulfillment of its material and spiritual purposes and thus makes the elites and the public suspicious of the revolutional identity of the Islamic system; and will lead to the establishment of non-religious social mini-systems and will prepare the situation for autocracy (even though small ones) and hegemonism (although partial) and formation of secular governorship (although calm and slithery but theorized).
What is happening in the process of systematization is the discovery of the problems of the systems and their solutions, That This matter done by relying on the Triple matters: sources, foundations and problems; explaining that It is a paradigm ( epistemic foundations ) that defines problems and solutions. And epistemic foundations are also discovered from sources, but the movement between these three sides is a rotational movement, not a linear one

Correct implementation of succession planning, solves the long-term organization's need for highly qualified managers. In order to accomplish this work, Public organizations should be based on requirements of the public sector & own organizations to plan their succession planning. This research seeks to provide a systematic pattern and determine special conditions of succession planning in the public sector and difference with alternative programs in private sector. in this research was used case study strategy and was elected a public organization. Then using a Paradigm approach of Strauss and Corbin in GroundedTheory to discover Design's requirements a succession planning system in Public organizations. by Analyzing interviews of managers and experts in this organization. In The first stage, achieved more than 300 concept. Then concept was classified in the selective coding and 34 code were pivotal in the following categories each instead and explain with a Paradigm model (Core Category or Phenomenon, Causal Conditions, Context Conditions, Intervening Conditions, Strategies, Consequences). By analysis Findings was found that implementation of succession planning in the public sector has its own requirements and conditions. Exposed to political pressure, quotas parties, bureaucracy and administrative formalities, instability managers, inefficiencies human resource management unit, attention to public values and

Recently, schools of governance have been in vogue in different countries in order to study specific governance issues and to propose solutions. Having understood the necessity to form such schools in the country, the researchers aimed to investigate the elected schools of governance and to extract sub-systems of such schools. The data were collected from the libraries and were analyzed through content analysis. The validity of the results was approved using fuzzy Delphi method. The results indicated that the sub-systems and the activities in schools of governance were identified to be either among the main activities or supportive activities. The four main activities including educational system, research system, training system and the agenda setting, along with discoursing and networking systems shaped the main processes in the schools of governance in the form of 39subcategories. Supportive processes in schools of governance are identified to exist in four main categories including architecture and physical construction of the school, social structure and the pattern of the administration, finance and budget system, and financial support and academic support system. These supportive activities were further classified into28 subcategories.

Government open data has a new issue on the agenda of international organizations and development governments. Government open data policy is a set of actions that the government should do to comply with the confidentiality provided public access to data and policy information that the people and the elites have participated in policy making and Supervision. This research tries using mixed methods research to identify and prioritize policy challenges of open government data. First, the qualitative phase, literature review were identified open data policy challenges and experiences of other countries. After meeting with focus groups composed of some researchers, policy makers and people involved in the field of open data, this challenge was determined in accordance with the conditions of the country and its ecosystem. In the quantitative phase with using analysis hierarchical Fuzzy and Fuzzy TOPSIS were ranking challenges by the experts. At the end, based on the priority challenges identified, fundamental challenges to realize open government data and presented some solutions and policy recommendations.

Islamic society's growth process happens through trials and sufferings. Moslems should be aware of their positions, their duties and responsibilities in the sufferings in order to keep the Islamic government and grow (themselves) as well. Al Hujurat Surah also expresses an event which had happened in Prophet Mohammad's era. It states that if believers obey God's orders correctly, the Islamic government would be stronger and Moslems would grow as well. The present research describes the growth process through different trials and sufferings by enjoying Quran's Surahs strategies and based on the subjective method.

Islamic urban management is an Obscure concept, lacking a functional and nontransparent definition that does not have a comprehensive description of its dimensions. In general, a comprehensive theoretical framework is not presented that illustrates the nature and complexity of urban management comprehensively. This paper with considering the importance of urban management, seeks to provide a comprehensive systematic pattern for Islamic urban management based on the Thought of Imam Khomeini (RA). This research is done by using the grounded theory method. In grounded theory with using Strauss and Corbin approach, we try to extract the systematic pattern of urban management in the country based on the speech of Imam Khomeini. By studying Imam Khomeini’s speech and extraction of more than 150 initial concepts, in the selective coding of these classification extract 23 axial codes and describes and Explained each of which follows the categories of the systematic model (causal conditions, ground conditions, strategies, intermediate conditions, and outcomes). With the systematic analysis is found that for achieving good urban management in the country should be comprehensive and holistic. In the view of Imam Khomeini justice and addressing the Poor and oppressed are the foundation of urban management. In order to achieve this goal, first of all should be considered Factors such as awareness of the people, selection Best executives, responsibility of the people and managers, etc. also we use strategies such as Islamism, service-oriented, anti-corruption, Unity and empathy, etc. And it is necessary to prevent the entrance of intellectual and ideological mistakes to the positions of urban management and corruption of the authorities. Also, avoid waste and address unnecessary things. The outcome of the desired urban management is the realization of Islamic values, the growth and development of cities, the promotion of the international reputation of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In recent years, the role of public participation based on incentives for charitable or religious beliefs, is considered as an effective efforts to strengthen social protection. The main goal of this research is to explain the role of religious and the public institutions for Privation elimination with emphasis on the Sirah of Imam Reza (PBUH). In this article, with Sirah research method Investigate Sirah of Imam Reza (PBUH) and presented ways to strengthening and expanding religious and the public institutions in the Islamic Society. In Islam, religious and the public institutions most important role in the development of social welfare and Privation and poverty elimination. Result of This research show that the behavior of Imams such as Imam Reza (PBUH) as respect for the poor, encouraging the generosity and etc. if Institutionalization in society cause spread religious and the public institutions in the Islamic Society. As a result of Extension these institutions in society are also reduced poverty and deprivation. Government and supporting institutions such as Islamic Relief Committee must rely on this capacity of the Islamic society, to elimination of poverty and Privation in our society.

This research is mainly intended to identify and explain the principles of management in the Sirah of Imam Hussein and their implications for management. It also aims at reviewing research deficiency in the field of Ashura and investigates managerial and leadership aspects of Imam Hussein’s uprising throughout his lifetime until the very moment of his martyrdom. This basic research follows a qualitative method and an inductive approach. It tries to answer the main research question by thematic analysis. At the beginning 207 indicators were identified from incredible sources confirmed by the experts from which 41 organizing themes were derived. The themes were then classified under four main themes. They included principles related to the purpose, strategy and programing, as well as the principles related to the facing environment. They were general themes derived from the Sirah of Imam Hussein which can have indications for designing the principles of managerial science on the basis of religious sources.

The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize thewhole country universities’ cultural fund allocation indicators in the ninth and tenth government.
The method of the study is mixed. The research community comprised of 150 experts. 75 returned questionnaires was used for statistical analysis and AHP method, based on 8 cultural experts of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, was used to rank the components.
The results of the research indicate both cultural-political and administrative structure dimensions, which considered in this study, have a significant impact on universities’ cultural fund allocation. In experts view, the cultural-political dimension has more priority than administrative structure.
The article concludes cultural activities implementation with leader statement, commitment to religious activities, prayer, benediction and Islamic Awakening, prioritizing Islamic-Iranian culture, level of relation between universities’ cultural deputies and managers with Staffarea and cooperation with staff in activitiesare indicators which have priority in universities’ cultural fund allocation in ninth and tenth governments onclusion: The authors of the article conclude When using outsourcing strategy of staff training, managers must first evaluate the benefits, costs, opportunities and risks of the outsourcing and then with regard to these cases, in case of usefulness of this strategy for their organization, do further actions in order to implement it.

One of the goals of Islamic Revolution is to create the Islamic civilization. The path of providing such civilization is that the Islamic life style should rule over the society. The Islamic life style will rule over the society when Islamic rules are put into practice in the society carefully and correctly. The command to perform the prayer is one of the important rules of the holly Islamic Sharia. This divine command is such that it is considered as the condition of acceptance of other deeds of Muslims. In the holy Quran’s verses, one of the activities that the righteous did when they found a government in the land was to perform the prayer. The aims of this research it to study the effects and consequences of performing the prayer on the society. And at the end we come to thisconclusion that one of the best ways for developing the Islamic life style in the society is to develop the culture of prayer and performing it. If this action is carried out correctly we will see the formation of the Islamic life style followed by new Islamic civilization.