mohammad rajabi

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of group training based on expressive art therapy on emotional regulation and mental health of students with social anxiety. The research method was semi-experimental, with a pre-test/post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all students with social anxiety at Azad University of Torbat-e-Jam in the academic year of 2022-2023, and 30 of them were selected by an available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 each. To collect data from Jarbak's social anxiety questionnaire (1996, JASA), Gross and John's emotional regulation questionnaire (2003, ERQ), Goldberg's mental health questionnaire (1978, GHQ) and expressive art therapy protocol during 8 sessions of 90 minutes in the form of Two sessions per week were used. A multivariate covariance test was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there was a significant difference at the 0.05 level between the post-test mean of emotion regulation and mental health in the two experimental and control groups. As a result, it can be said that expressive art therapy has a good practical ability for emotional regulation and mental health, and can be used as a treatment option by psychologists. In this way, it has an effective role in increasing the psychological capabilities of students with social anxiety.

The political unrest following the 2020 presidential elections in Belarus represented an attempt for a soft coup (color revolution) in the country. This research aims to identify the causes of political unrest and analyze the strategies employed by the ruling political system to counter them. This applied research utilizes a qualitative content analysis method. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA software, and relevant themes and codes related to the subject were identified. Opponents employed a range of peaceful to violent actions and utilized media tools, psychological operations, and public opinion manipulation to expand the scope of unrest. The political system of Belarus successfully maintained its stability through prevention, conflict control, psychological operations, and delegitimizing opponents. Political conflicts in Belarus unfolded in three stages: early protests, non-peaceful actions, and violence. The ruling political system, through its strategies for dealing with unrest, was able to prevent instability. These strategies can serve as a model for managing political crises.

Peptic ulcer disease, as a psychosomatic disorder, is closely related to avoidance mechanisms and stress. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of group-based mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and emotion-focused therapy (EMT) in reducing experiential avoidance in patients with peptic ulcer disease.

This semi-experimental study used a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. Forty-five patients referred to specialized clinics in Mashhad in 2022 participated in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups of 15: control, MBCT, and EMT. Both intervention groups received 8 sessions of 90-minute group therapy, while the control group received no intervention during the study period. The primary data collection tool was the Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire, which was completed by patients at three time points (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

Both group-based MBCT and EMT were effective in reducing experiential avoidance in patients with peptic ulcer disease (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the effectiveness of the two treatment methods (P=1.0).

The findings of this study suggest that both MBCT and EMT can effectively reduce experiential avoidance and improve the condition of patients with peptic ulcer disease.

The issue of Palestine is one of the most complex and sensitive political and humanitarian crises in contemporary history, with impacts extending beyond regional borders and becoming a global discourse. In this context, the statements and positions of Ayatollah Khamenei play a pivotal role in shaping the Islamic discourse on Palestine. This importance has been further amplified in recent events, particularly after the "Al-Aqsa Storm" operation, as this event marked a turning point in the resistance of the Palestinian people and the shifting regional dynamics. Despite numerous studies on the issue of Palestine, there is a notable gap in the precise and qualitative analysis of the positions of Ayatollah Khamenei regarding the events following this operation. His statements, delivered in various forums, not only elucidate the political, ethical, and religious dimensions of this issue but also provide a comprehensive model for resistance and confronting the aggressions of the Zionist regime. This article, utilizing thematic analysis and the theoretical framework of discourse analysis, delves deeply into the strategies and positions of Ayatollah Khamenei against the aggressions of the Zionist regime. Examining key themes such as the vulnerability of the Zionist regime, the power of Palestinian resistance, unprecedented oppression and crimes, and the responsibility of the Islamic world, reveals the comprehensive and influential approach of the Leader in this discourse. The findings of the research indicate that Ayatollah Khamenei’s discourse positions resistance as the primary strategy for the liberation of Palestine, placing it at the core of the political-religious discourse of the Islamic world. His statements, by presenting a comprehensive model, have effectively strengthened the discourse of resistance and countering the ambitions of the Zionist regime.

Iraqi Kurdistan has adopted an independent foreign policy from the Iraqi central government in the past two decades; This foreign policy is based on a different model and strategy that aims at independence. In this regard, considering the importance and determinant nature of Iran’s regional policy in the face of regional developments such as the disintegration of neighboring countries along with Tehran’s position on the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan, Erbil is leveraging a strategic model of balance of threat towards the confrontation between Tehran and Tel Aviv. Accordingly, the present study seeks to explain why and how this strategy is adopted by the Iraqi Kurdistan towards the confrontation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Zionist regime. Therefore, the main question is "what is the rationale for Iraqi Kurdistan to understand Iranian threat?" The hypothesis is that due to its historical components, different organizational and social identities, differences in power levels and personal factors (mindsets of the leaders), The Iraqi Kurdistan sees the Islamic Republic of Iran as an obstacle in the way of realization of the its independence. Therefore, Iraqi Kurdistan in the Zionism-Iranian confrontation pursues a unique strategy based on the balance of threat. This essay is an analytical-explanatory study that has been done through using a combination of theoretical frameworks of balance of threat and constructivism. Furthermore, the research method in this essay is based on trend analysis.

Peptic ulcer is known as a psychosomatic disease that is closely related to anxiety and stress. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy on anxiety sensitivity in patients with peptic ulcers.

This semi-experimental study was conducted based on a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design and a control group. In total, 45 peptic ulcer patients who had referred to specialized and sub-specialized gastroenterology clinics in Mashhad, Iran in 2023 were enrolled in the study. The participants were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental groups and one control group (n=15). The experimental groups received intervention in the form of eight 90-minute sessions of emotion-focused therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The control group did not receive training during the research. Participants completed the Taylor and Cox (1998) Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire before, immediately after, and three months after the interventions. The obtained data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA in SPSS software.

The findings showed that emotion-focused therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were effective on the anxiety sensitivity of patients with peptic ulcer (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the two treatment approaches (P=0.78).

The results showed that emotion-focused therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be used to improve anxiety-related factors among patients with peptic ulcers.

Diabetic patients are extremely sensitive to infection and the infection is very risky. In this study, urine samples from 300 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shahrekord in 1394, instances of infection and infection-causing micro-organisms were isolated by culture and biochemical tests and molecular detection by PCR test for prove the existence of bacteria was carried out.E. coli was common organisms in these patients. Therefore, periodic exams and urine of diabetic patients for periodic testing and recommended strongly felt that based on the result Antibiogram, effective drug for treatment of urinary tract infection is selected. Results of this study show that the most common pathogen E. coli by 51% is administrative. In studies conducted in other parts of the world, these micro-organisms is known as the most common cause of UTI.

Diarrhea is one of the most prevalent diseases in the children especially in the developing countries and is considered as the second cause of mortality following respiratory infections. It is estimated that 3-5 million cases of this disease result in death each year. Mortality rate especially in the children under 5 is significant. In this study 60 diarrhea samples of children who referred at Hajar and Imamali Hospitals of Shahrekord, at the present of specific primers for common bacterial pathogens such as E. coli, C .jejuni, C. coli, S Enteritidis and Y. enterocolitica, were tested. The most abundant studied gene was related to 16srRNA E.coli, so that it was identified in 15 samples (25%). Out of 15 studied cases diagnosed as positive in respect of 16srRNA gene sequence, ipaH gene related to E.coli bacteria resulting in diarrhea was observed in 2 samples (13.33%). hipo gene sequence related to C. jejuni was observed in 1sample and asp gene sequence related to C. coli wasn't observed in any samples. Redundancy of ail gene related to Information about the prevalence of diarrhea resulting bacteria can be effective on correct control and managing the diarrhea in the infants and children. Then it is necessary to do wide research in various seasons of the year and also in all towns of Chharmahal and Bakhtiary province.

A significant part of the population of all countries of the world includes physically-motor disabled people. Paying attention to the issue of the disabled and the necessity of culture building and respect for human dignity in this field, this group of people in the society, like other people, need to meet their needs in the urban environment. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the obstacles and limitations of the presence of physically-motor disabled people in the urban spaces of Ahvaz. According to the nature of the subject and the goals for which it is planned, it is descriptive and analytical type and belongs to applied research. Research method, library method, field method, statistical population of 53946 disabled people; In order to select the sample size, Cochran's formula was used, according to which the sample size was 380 people. In order to analyze the data, first through the spss software, the desired indicators will be used to test the hypotheses from the T test, for the final evaluation of the model (DEMATEL). The findings obtained from the DEMATEL technique showed that among the indicators, the permeability and accessibility index have the most interaction, and the buildings index has the least interaction, and the permeability and accessibility index are the most influential factors, and the urban furniture index is the most influential factor. Conclusion that by using T test in the first hypothesis the average of all indicators was equal to 3/93 and in the second hypothesis the average was 4/13.

Patients suffering from psychosomatic disorders such as peptic ulcers struggle with many psychological and physical problems. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) with emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on cognitive emotional regulation of patients with peptic ulcer.
This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test-post-test-3-month follow-up design and a control group. For this purpose, 45 patients were selected through convenience sampling method among patients referred to specialized internal medicine clinics during Jan-March 2023. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups i.e. control (15 people), EFT (15 people), and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (15 people). The intervention groups received eight sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy/ emotion-focused therapy. The control group did not receive any treatment during the study. The participants completed the standard cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire of Garnefski and Kraaij before, after and three months after the interventions. The obtained data were analyzed by repeated measurement analysis of variance and Bonferroni test.
Overall, the obtained results showed that EFT and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are effective in the emotional regulation of patients with peptic ulcers (P=0.001). Comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy with emotion therapy on adaptive (P=0.56) and maladaptive (P=0.22) emotional regulation showed no significant difference in patients with peptic ulcer.
Therefore, it can be said that both emotional therapy methods and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy have a positive effect on the emotional regulation of patients with peptic ulcers, and these two methods can be used for the improvement of emotional improvement in patients.

Studies have shown contradictory results regarding the use of pregabalin and melatonin as analgesic agents. Because the analgesic effects of these drugs as preemptive have not been compared in abdominal hysterectomy, one of the most common surgical procedures in women with moderate to severe pain, under general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the pretreatment effects of melatonin and pregabalin on postoperative pain intensity in total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH).

90 Patients were randomly divided to 3 groups (N=30): 1- receive oral melatonin (6 mg), 2- received pregabalin (50 mg), and third who take no drug. Serum melatonin and beta-endorphin levels were measured before and after the surgery. Pain intensity was assessed by the Numerical Rating Scale at 1,6,12, and 24 hours after the surgeries.

At 12 h after the surgery, mean pain intensity in the melatonin group was significantly lower than the pregabalin group, and in the pregabalin group was significantly lower than the third group (P<0.05). At 24 h after the TAH, the mean pain intensity in the melatonin group was significantly lower than the third group (P<0.05).

injection preventive melatonin is more effective than pregabalin to reduce pain throughout the first 24 h after the TAH

In forensic medicine, several bones are used to determine gender. The most important and widely used are the skull and pelvis. But in some cases, the mentioned bones may not be available, and other bones, such as the scapula bone, should be used.

This study aimed to investigate and locate the anthropometric indices of scapula bone in the Iranian population to determine gender.

In this project, a study was performed on a chest scan of 259 Iranians referred to Besat NAHAJA Hospital in 2016. Pack software was used to measure the scapula’s indices. The obtained data, including age, gender, and different scapula sizes of max width of glenoid (MWG),maxlength of glenoid (MLG), maxwidth of scapula (MWS), andmaxlength of scapula (MLS), were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Assessment of differential ability, sensitivity, and specificity of scapula anthropometric indices was used in determining gender.

Of 259 participants in this study, 133 (51.4%) were female, and 126 (48.6%) were male. Generally, the mean index of MWG, MLG, MWS, and MLS was higher inmenthanwomenin the studied population. The results of this study showed there is a significant difference among scapula features in men and women (P < 0.05). The highest accuracy in determining gender was assigned to MLS, with 88.9%, and the lowest was assigned to MLG, with 66.3%.

Our study showed that measured anthropometric indices, including length and width of scapula bone and glenoid cavity, will help to predict gender and also can be used as an accurate and practical tool in gender determination.

Urban growth in the 20th century greatly increased the share of the urban population and turned urbanization into the dominant way of life. Today, with the expansion and complexity of the urban system and urbanization, statesmen and other officials alone are able to control and guide urban communities and respond to the ever-increasing needs of development. They are not urban. In this case, a process of collaboration between the government, the public sector, civil society and the private sector is formed, which is called urban governance. 

This research was conducted with the aim of comparative analysis of good urban governance (case study of areas 4 and 5 of Ahvaz city). It is practical and in terms of the method, it is descriptive and analytical research. Data and information collection has been done by documentary, library and survey methods. In this regard, the community and sample size of 30 experts and experts working in the municipality of regions 4 and 5 For weighting and ranking indicators, hierarchical analysis (AHP) was used, and for statistical analysis, T-test was used.

The findings show that region 4 is a rich region and region 5 is a low region. The examination of the indicators of good urban governance in these areas of Shahr-e-Hawaz shows that the level of desirability of the state of good urban governance in region 5 was lower than the average level. The results of the analysis for the ranking of regions show that region 4 had a better situation. And region 5, as a less privileged region, is the first priority for improving the conditions for implementing good urban governance.

Conventional humanities as a product of Enlightenment era thought and thought based on material and earthly definitions and attitudes of man's relationship with the structured world and by preserving these features were brought to Iran. With the victory of Iran's glorious Islamic revolution, this revolution entered the field as a great religious movement; He broke the frameworks, pushed the old clichés to the face of the world and brought up religion and the world together. It was natural that the effects and consequences of this revolution would spread to all economic, social, political, cultural and scientific fields, and in this regard, Ayatollah Khamenei spoke about the necessity of transformation in human sciences. Therefore, the current research is trying to answer this basic question using the method of Thematic analysis: "What are the components and characteristics of the evolution in the humanities from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei?" For this purpose, all his unclassified statements from June 1368 AH were taken into consideration and among them, 32 texts were analyzed as the basis of this research in the framework of MAXQDA software. As a result, the main components of the transformation in human sciences from the perspective of His Holiness were classified into five categories of goals, importance, requirements, executors and strategies, and their following indicators were extracted and analyzed from the statements and orders of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution.

One of the most basic rights of patients is the right to consent to accept a treatment method. Informed consent is the foundation of medical ethics. Compliance with the standard process of obtaining informed consent from the patient in the fields of therapeutic and research activities, while directly affecting the patient's satisfaction, will lead to a reduction in complaints and legal and disciplinary interventions from the medical staff. For this purpose, the present study was conducted.

The current research is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire of knowledge and attitude towards informed consent and its legal aspects. For data analysis, appropriate descriptive and analytical tests were used and the significant level was considered less than 0.05.

The average attitude score of assistants was 3.14±0.93 and interns was 2.80±1.23. Also, the average knowledge score of assistants was 15.23±3.79 and interns was 14.64±3.79. Among the demographic variables evaluated, there was only a significant relationship between the attitude and the field of study of the assistants, as well as between the attitude and the marital status of the interns.

The results of this research showed that the knowledge and attitude of assistants and interns about informed consent and its legal aspects is average. Considering the importance of this issue, it is necessary to make changes in the educational process of the university in order to plan an educational program in this regard.

Due to the increasing number of rheumatoid arthritis patients and their psychological problems, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy with mindfulness therapy on pain control and executive function in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The current research method was a semi-experimental type, which was conducted as a pre-test, and post-test, with a control group and a 2-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all patients aged 25 to 55 with rheumatoid arthritis who were referred to the rheumatology clinic of Razi Hospital in Rasht in 2001-1401. Among the statistical population, using the available sampling method and based on the scores of the McGill pain control questionnaires (1985) and Barclay's executive function deficits (2010) in the pre-test, 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria formed the statistical sample. These 45 individuals were randomly selected into 3 groups of 15 each (2 experimental groups and one control group) with   schema therapy for the experimental group (A) and mindfulness therapy for the second group (experimental group B). Control (C) was placed on the waiting list.

The results showed that both schema therapy and mindfulness treatment were effective for pain control and executive function in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but there were no significant differences between each other.

Therefore, it can be said that both schema therapy and mindfulness therapy can be used to increase pain control and improve the executive functions of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Both approaches are effective methods for reducing psychological problems in autoimmune patients such as rheumatoid arthritis.

In our legal system in addition to the judiciary, members of parliament and government are qualified to legislative initiative including Criminalization and Penalization. It is obvious that when several institutions have Similar qualification, implementation of qualification should be in such a way that there is no interference. The most important action to solve this problem is to move in a predetermined direction. But in our legal system, this direction is not foreseen and the existing tools are ineffective.This article, by explaining the current situation regarding the institutions qualified to legislative initiative in criminalization and penalization, the solution to achieving coherence in the application of the competence of the three powers in the legislative initiative, in addition to the need to accept the competence of the legislative initiative of the parliament members and the government in the aforementioned area, presenting the authority of this initiative to the authority judiciary and entering it into the legislative process; because the judiciary has the appropriate tools for efficient legislation regarding criminalization and penalization.

The main goal of this thesis was to investigate the effect of organizational health components (scientific emphasis, morale, resource support, constructiveness, work consideration, manager's influence and institutional unity) on job satisfaction with the mediating role of organizational commitment of employees of Mashhad National Oil Products Distribution Company. The number of employees measured based on Cochran's formula is considered to be 260 people. The data collection method was done in the field through a questionnaire. In order to collect data, three standard questionnaires were used. 1- In order to collect organizational health data, standard Hoy questionnaire was used, 2- Allen and Mir organizational commitment questionnaire, 3- Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire. In this research, in order to analyze the data, it was done using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Descriptive statistics methods were used to check the demographic characteristics of customers. Inferential statistical methods included partial least squares method. Data analysis was done using SPSS and Smart PLS statistical software and the results showed that all the hypotheses were confirmed and a general hypothesis states that organizational health is on job satisfaction with the mediating role of organizational commitment in the national distribution company. Mashhad oil has a positive and significant effect.

Iraqi Kurdistan has adopted an independent foreign policy from the Iraqi central government in the past two decades; This foreign policy is based on a different model and strategy that aims at independence. In this regard, considering the importance and determinant nature</span> </span>of Iran’s regional policy in the face of regional developments such as the disintegration of neighboring countries along with Tehran’s position on the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan, Erbil is leveraging a strategic model of balance of threat towards the confrontation between Tehran and Tel Aviv. Accordingly, the present study seeks to explain why and how this strategy is adopted by the Iraqi Kurdistan toward the confrontation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Zionist regime. Therefore, the main question is "what is the rationale for Iraqi Kurdistan to understand the Iranian threat?" The hypothesis is that due to its historical components, different organizational and social identities, differences in power levels, and personal factors (mindsets of the leaders), Iraqi Kurdistan sees the Islamic Republic of Iran as an obstacle to the way of realization of its independence. Therefore, Iraqi Kurdistan in the Zionism-Iranian confrontation pursues a unique strategy based on the balance of threat. This essay is an analytical-explanatory study that has been done using a combination of theoretical frameworks of the balance of threat and constructivism. Furthermore, the research method in this essay is based on trend analysis.

After the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan as a Muslim republic in the neighborhood of Iran, Tehran and Baku were expected to establish close and stable relations despite their historical, cultural and religious ties; but in fact, Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan experienced tense and turbulent relations and Baku established closer relations with Iran's enemies and rivals including Israel.Research Question:  "What strategy and behavior pattern does the Republic of Azerbaijan follow in the confrontation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Israel?"Research Hypothesis: In confrontation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Israel, the Republic of Azerbaijan follows the strategy and behavioral pattern of balancing the threat.

This study uses a combination of constructivist and threat balance theories. The qualitative method of systematic review has been used to examine the components of the question and the main tool for data collection in this research is library studies.

Although the Shiite religious commonality and the historical cultural commonality between the nations of Iran and Azerbaijan are very deep-rooted, the orientation of the foreign policy of the two countries in bilateral, regional and international relations has been formed by relying on other sources of identity. The Republic of Azerbaijan feels threatened by the Shiite religious unity and the Persian-Turkish dichotomy, and therefore tries to replace it with the conflicting political identity of Iran and the Israel by using a strategy of balancing the threat. The Israel regime, with its Jewish-Zionist identity has become a strategic partner of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Islamic Republic of Iran has been placed in an "other" position for Baku.By using the strategy of balancing threats at the domestic and regional level, the Republic of Azerbaijan has been able to adjust its behavioral pattern in the face of the confrontation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Israel. Despite the fundamental confrontation between Iran and Israel, by establishing relations with Israel and expanding these relations and creating insecurity on Iran's borders, Baku is trying to force Tehran to interact with it and reconsider its relations with Armenia. In addition to Baku's sense of threat from Iran, other causes and motives are also involved in this relationship Such as: geostrategic considerations in relation to Tel Aviv and subsequently strategic considerations in relation to the West, military modernization of the Republic of Azerbaijan, economic interests in energy relations and also the issue of the liberation of Karabagh.At the geopolitical level, introducing Iran as a common enemy is the most important element of the alliance between Baku and Tel Aviv. In other words, one of the factors influencing the joint and complementary strategic views of Baku and Tel Aviv is the role of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the peripheral strategy of the Israeli regime. Based on this peripheral strategy, Israel is trying to bring the threat of its presence closer to Iran's borders by expanding relations with the Republic of Azerbaijan. In fact, using the constructivist theory, it can be said why the political-religious and ethnic identity of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Islamic Republic of Iran has become one of the most important sources of strengthening Baku-Tel Aviv relations.

In general, the strategic relations between Baku and Tel Aviv cannot be fully explained without considering the Iranian component. By using the strategy of balancing threats - at the domestic and regional level - the Republic of Azerbaijan has been able to adjust its behavioral pattern in the face of the confrontation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Israel. The identity conflict between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Islamic Republic of Iran has created different approaches to security which has affected any desire for close relations between the two nations. Unlike Iran's prominent Shiite political identity, the Republic of Azerbaijan seeks its security in joining the rival identity of Tehran that is Israel. The relationship with the Israeli regime also guarantees Baku's multiple goals in terms of security approaches. In fact, the behavioral pattern of the Republic of Azerbaijan has turned the Iranian-Azeri identity conflict or in other words, the Iranian Shiite revolution against Azerbaijan's secular system, into Iran-Israel conflict.

The form and nature of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America during the period since the Islamic Revolution have been controversial in nature, ranging from hard confrontation to soft methods. In other words, in the relations between the two countries, at first, the hardware aspects were important, but with the passage of time and the inefficiency of these tools, the use of software tools has become important. Accordingly, both countries, aware of this equation, have tried to increase and use more of their soft power capacities and have sought to achieve foreign policy goals and maintain their interests through the use of soft power tools. The present study, by asking the question, "On what principles and components has the soft power of Iran's foreign policy been based on the United States of America?" "It has increased its deterrent capability, thereby countering soft US threats." The method used in this research is descriptive and analytical quality and filing has been used to collect materials.

Syria is one of the security subdivisions of the Islamic world in the West Asian region. The developments in this country have always been important for the Zionist regime. Accordingly, since the beginning of the Syrian crisis in 2011, the Zionist regime has adopted various military and security strategies in response to the developments in this country. Therefore, the present article seeks to answer the question "What are the military and security strategies of the Zionist regime in the face of the Syrian crisis?" Using a descriptive-analytical method, while briefly looking at the history of relations between Syria and the Zionist regime. The findings show that the Zionist regime, after bewilderment and failure to adopt a unified strategy at the beginning of the Syrian crisis, tried in 2013 to support allied groups in addition to assassinating resistance commanders and bombing their positions. A more serious presence in Syria and negotiations with Russia will prevent Iran from having a long-term presence in Syria. However, since 2015, Gideon's strategy has been on the agenda of the regime's officials, and so on. Finally, Momentum's more aggressive strategy from 2020 will replace Gideon's strategy, which identifies Iran as the most important threat to the Zionist advance in Syria. In this strategy, while emphasizing on improving the capability of the military intelligence unit and equipping the military forces with more weapons and better quality, it is emphasized on changing the structure of the army and forming the "Command of Iranian Affairs".

After passing the amendment of Article 157 of the Constitution in 1989 and designating one person as the head of the judiciary (instead of the Council of Judiciary), one important challenge was the judicial competence of the head of the judiciary which had proponents and opponents at the time. However after passing Article 157 the Consultative Assembly passed laws that accredited the judicial competence of the head of the judiciary. This approach led to the passing of Article 477 of the Criminal Procedure Code. By studying the negotiations of the constitutional council. This paper aims to find the intention of the constitutional legislator about the existence or lack thereof the judicial competence of the head of the judiciary and then, process the laws passed by the Consultative Assembly in the light of the approach of the Constitution in order to evaluate Article 477 of the Criminal Procedure Code as the lastest law on the competence of the the head of the judiciary. Based  on the legislative process and comments by the Guardian Council we concluded that despite the lack of the judicial competence of the head of the judiciary in Constitution, the Consultative Assembly contrary to text and spirit of Constitution and without functional justification, gave judicial competence to the head of the judiciary.

The purpose of this study is to compare the solutions offered by the two countries of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America on the Palestinian issue. The research method is analytical-comparative and it is inferred from the results of this study that the Islamic Republic's proposed plan is quite realistic on the courageous resistance of the Palestinian people to force the Zionist enemy to hold a referendum with all the people of this land - especially refugees - to determine The future political system is focused on it; The deal of the century, on the other hand, is an American-backed Zionist plan that seeks to replace the Palestinian people in determining the future of Palestine without respecting the views and rights of the Palestinians.

The developments in Syria have always been important for the Zionist regime. Accordingly, since the beginning of the Syrian crisis in 2011, the Zionist regime has adopted various military and security strategies towards the country. Therefore, the present article seeks to answer the fundamental question: "What are the military and security strategies of the Zionist regime in the face of the Syrian crisis?" (Issue). To answer this question, while collecting data in a library method, a qualitative (descriptive-analytical) method has been used (method). The result is that the Zionist regime, after failing to adopt a unified strategy at the beginning of the Syrian crisis, tried in 2013 to support allied groups in addition to assassinating resistance commanders and bombing their positions, and by persuading the United States to have a more serious presence in Syria. Negotiations with Russia prevent Iran's long-term presence in Syria. Since 2015, Gideon's strategy has been on the agenda of the regime's officials, which is based on the readiness of the army forces to participate in asymmetric wars, increase intelligence aristocracy, and so on. Finally, he pursued the Momentum strategy, which identified the Islamic Republic of Iran as the most important threat to the Zionist advance in Syria. In this strategy, while emphasizing the improvement of the military intelligence unit and equipping the military forces with better weapons, the change in the structure of the army and the formation of the "Command of Iranian Affairs" is emphasized (findings).