mohammad-javad asghari ebrahimabad

Relationship disengagement is one of the most common problems raised by couples. It refers to the process of emotional disengagement, which is usually known as separation from the partner or feelings of indifference towards the spouse/partner. The purpose of the current research was to develop and validate a couple therapy package focused on improving relationship disengagement. The research method, in the first part, was a systematic review of various articles related to treatment in the field of couple therapy in Farsi and English databases from 2003 to 2022. The data obtained from these sources were analyzed with the qualitative method of thematic analysis, the common elements were identified and coded, and based on that, the couple therapy package was developed. After developing the couple therapy package, using the opinion of five experts in the field of couple therapy and counseling, it was decided to determine the content validity of the package. The sampling method was purposeful. The research tool was the written articles in Farsi and English databases. The results showed that initial assessment and interview, increased emotional involvement, reconstructed and improved couple conflict interactions, cognitive reconstruction and modulated schemas, changed behavior/increased positive exchanges between spouses, taught skills and increased acceptance and tolerance were the main elements of the couple therapy package and is set in 14 weekly sessions in 90 min. Based on the research findings, the couple therapy package based on relationship disengagement can be helpful in improving couples' communication patterns, resolving conflicts, and changing negative behaviors.

Mental health is closely related to emotions and feelings. In this regard, emotional maturity can provide the groundwork for managing emotions in response to environmental demands. The present study aimed to predict emotional maturity based on early maladaptive schemas, mediated by perceived social support, in college students.

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The study population consisted of Ferdowsi University students enrolled in the academic year 2022-2023. Among them, 353 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. The Singh and Bhargava Emotional Maturity Scale (1990), the Young Schema Questionnaire (1998), and the Zimet et al. Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (1988) were used for data collection. To examine the mediating role of a variable, structural equation modeling using AMOS 26 was employed.

The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant negative correlation between early maladaptive schemas and emotional maturity, as well as between early maladaptive schemas and perceived social support. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between emotional maturity and perceived social support. The results of the structural equation model indicated that the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and emotional maturity can be mediated by perceived social support.

Based on the findings of this research, conducting individual or group sessions based on schema therapy for students and teaching appropriate support methods for family members can be crucial in fostering emotional maturity among students.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive play therapy and computer-based working memory training on the attention of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Farsan City in 2021.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all students aged 7 to 12 years with ADHD (n=180) in the city of Farsan. Thirty children diagnosed with mixed ADHD were selected using purposive sampling from clients of the Sobhe Omid Counseling Center in Farsan, following diagnosis by a psychiatrist and the completion of a children's symptoms questionnaire. These children were assessed using a Continuous Performance Test for sustained attention and impulsivity. A working memory training software and a structured short-term play therapy protocol specifically designed for children with ADHD were utilized. For data analysis, mixed-design ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were applied.

The results showed that cognitive play therapy and computer-based working memory training affected the attention of children with ADHD in Farsan City (P<0.01, F=6.132, Eta=0.321). However, there was no difference in the effectiveness of cognitive play therapy and computer-based working memory training, and the effects of these interventions remained lasting.

Therefore, both interventions can be utilized to reduce impulsivity in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Becoming heads of households by women is one of the most common psychological and social issues. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy based on emotional schema therapy on balancing the dark personality traits, and increasing flourishing and cognitive flexibility among female heads of households.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all female heads of households of low socio-economic level. Among them, 30 females were selected through the convenience and purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (N=15) and control groups (N=15). Subjects completed the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (Jonason & Webster, 2010), Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2009), and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010). The experimental group received 10 sessions of emotional schema therapy and the control group received cooking training. Both groups completed the questionnaires in two stages before and after the intervention. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was used to analyze the data.

Results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of dark personality traits, flourishing, and cognitive flexibility (p<0.001).

Thus, Emotional Schema Therapy could help balance dark personality traits and increase the flourishing and cognitive flexibility of female heads of household.

The current study aimed to explore the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and body image concern and the mediating role of self-compassion and emotion regulation in women.

The statistical population of this descriptive and correlational study included all women aged 18 to 45 in Mashhad, Iran, who completed the questionnaires from 2022 to 2023. The convenient sampling method was used to select 400 people completed the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). We analyzed the data through Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis.

The findings revealed a significant and negative correlation between the total score of body image concern and reappraisal, alongside a significant and positive correlation between the total score of body image concern and emotional suppression. Additionally, a significant and negative relationship was observed between the total scores of self-compassion and body image concern (P< 0.05).

We revealed that self-compassion and emotion regulation variables can serve as crucial mediators in the impact of early maladaptive schemas on body image concern, leading to a reduction in the effect of early maladaptive schemas on body image with increased self-compassion and enhanced emotion regulation.

Relationship disengagement is the first step in the process that eventually leads to marital dissolution and is related to marital distress, poor communication, and mental health such as depression. Despite most of studies conducted regarding the effectiveness of couple therapy methods on emotional disengagement in Iran, a coherent summary and analysis of the types of couple therapy effective methods on relationship disengagement are not available.

This study aimed to investigate couple therapy methods on relationship disengagement for Iranian studies.

This study was descriptive and is a systematic review study according to the implementation method. The statistical population was all studies related to the purpose of the study published from 2003 to 2022. Out of 90 studies that were identified after searching and screening, 23 studies were evaluated for data extraction. This review study searched for Iranian studies using the keywords "couple therapy, marriage, effectiveness, couple, clinical trial, emotional divorce, couple burnout, marital disaffection, and marital frustration" and the multiple databases SID, and MagIran were screened. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage.

After checking the quality of the articles and considering the inclusion criteria, 23 eligible articles were reviewed in line with the objectives of the present study. The results of the studies showed that couple therapy was effective in relationship disengagement (p< 0.05). Most of the studies were related to the effect of couple therapy based on reality therapy, emotion-focused couple therapy, cognitive-behavioral couple therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy.

Based on research findings, the results of these review studies showed that couples therapy interventions have a significant effect on relationship disengagement.

Relationship disengagement is one of the most common reasons reported by couples when explaining the distress and dissolution of the marriage. The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting relationship disengagement in Iranian couples.

This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis approach. The participants were 24 Iranian married couples (in Mashhad) who were selected using non-random and purposive sampling. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with the couples and the interviews continued until data saturation. The collected were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative content analysis method.

Data analysis revealed three themes (each with some categories): (1) Interpersonal factors (problems related to the family of origin, conflict in couple interactions, distancing behaviors, and ineffective spouse selection), (2) individual-personality factors (emotional instability and character traits), and (3) socioeconomic factors (financial and vocational issues and perceived fairness and inequality).

The findings indicated that marital relationship disengagement leads to emotional apathy and dissolution of marital relationships. Couples therapy approaches should target the causes of relationship disengagement to increase the quality of couples’ relationships and prevent divorce. The insights from this study can be used for formulating treatment and preventive approaches to prevent couple relationship disengagement.

Criminal behavior is one of the topics that has long been the focus of researchers and specialists in behavioral sciences. The present study aims to investigate the causes of criminal behavior in male prisoners of Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces, Iran.
 

The present research was a qualitative study with a content analysis type. The categories were obtained by interviewing 26 male prisoners and 10 experts and reviewing 50 articles. In addition to the interview, data and the clinical dossier of the prisoner were also considered to identify the factors contributing to criminal behavior. The sampling method in this research is purposive. Data analysis was done in 3 steps: open, central, and selective coding. The validity of the components was checked by calculating the content analysis index.
 

The main factors influencing criminal behavior include psychological, family, cultural-social, and spiritual components.
 

The results indicate that various factors play a role in the occurrence of criminal behavior, and their identification in different cultures provides the possibility of developing an educational or therapeutic intervention.

Human emotions and feelings play a significant role in mental health. In this regard, emotional maturity is a skill that manages emotions in response to environmental demands. The present study aimed to predict emotional maturity based on early maladaptive schemas mediated by empathy in college students.

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The study population consists of Ferdowsi University students enrolled in the academic year 2022-2023. Among them, 353 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. Singh and Bhargava Emotional Maturity Scale (1990), Young Schema Questionnaire (1998), and Mehrabian and Epstein Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (1972) were used for data collection. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the mediating role of variable.

The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant negative correlation between early maladaptive schemas and emotional maturity and empathy. Additionally, emotional maturity had a significant positive correlation with empathy. The results of the structural equation model revealed that the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and emotional maturity is directly established and empathy cannot mediate this relationship.

Given the results of this study, the impact of early maladaptive schemas on emotional maturity can be of increased concern.

Hearing impairment is a communication disorder, the affected person is often confused and resentful by the society and causes damage to the mental health of the person; Therefore, Body psychotherapy is a scientific that includes the use of non-verbal communication through movement and combining it with neuropsychological exercises. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of Body psychotherapy on extroversion and neuroticism of deaf students.

The current research is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research includes all deaf female students between the ages of 13 and 20 who were covered by the Mashhad Welfare Organization. 24 people were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research tool included the Eysenck Personality Test (EPQ). The experimental group participated in the physical psychotherapy process for 3 months, 3 sessions of 90 minutes per week, and one-way covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.

Descriptive indices in the physical psychotherapy group, the score of the neurotic component after the intervention had a significant decrease compared to before (p<0.05), and this change was not significant in the control group. (p=0.077) for the comparison of neuroticism in the experimental and control groups, the obtained F value is 7.039 significant at the 0.01 level (p<0.05).

The result of the research indicated that the use of physical psychotherapy to improve neuroticism characteristics in deaf female students should be considered and used.

Recent research has shown that the built environment affects human mental health. This research has often been done in the fields of psychology and has been less studied in the field of architecture as the main link field of space design. Since humans spend most of their time indoors, especially in the interior space, its impact on human health cannot be ignored. One of the parameters of mental health is emotion. Many components have been influential on human emotions, among which the architectural space has had the greatest impact. Therefore, the focus of the research is also on it. Also, the emotion component can be measured with the new paradigm of neuro-architecture.

To measure the interior space, the apartment type has been considered due to its greater prevalence in the city and the 40 years (after the Islamic revolution), and selected samples of 96 apartments that were the winner of the Architecture Prize(due to their spatial quality) have been selected. After gathering samples, they were grouped into four categories and modeling was done based on them. The display of four architectural spaces is done by VR glasses. The questions are as follows:  How does the physical residential interior affect human emotions and brain activities? And how do these emotions appear? To answer these questions, we used the correlation research method, and to record the dependent variables, an EEG device with 19 active channels and an elastic cap was used. For EEG data analysis, the EGLAB toolbox was used, the inferential statistical method of the Wilcoxon test was used to review the data significance among each group, and the Kruskal-Wallis H method was used to check the data of all groups. The statistical population of the research was 24 people with an average age of 28 years, 10 males and 14 females.

Based on the data analysis, in the Spac1 experiment, the most activity occurred in the Prefrontal cortex (PFC). In Space 3, the most activity took place in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). (ACC) Theta band modulations are about 52% and in the alpha band, 71% of changes were recorded in about 5 minutes. The number of changes in the theta band was 4 and the alpha band was 8 Hz. In Space 2, the most activity was recorded in the temporal lobe, and Space 4 in the parietal lobe. In the figure below, the brain map shows the average changes in each space.

The results of the present research showed that the architectural interior space with dominant curved forms such as arches, and brick materials and its pure color had the greatest impact on emotion and pleasant excitement. In the long term, this issue can create peace and achieve mental health. In addition, since the issue of esthetics has always been of interest to architects, the results of this research have shown that the interior space with wood materials and even rectangular forms is experienced from the user's perspective as beautiful.

Today, based on the different definitions of behavioral science researchers, impulsivity is considered as one of the multifaceted and important variables in predicting high-risk behaviors in the clinical population (1). Examining many behaviors such as suicide and thoughts related to suicide shows the role of the impulsivity variable (2). Impulsivity as a personality trait is related to interpersonal changes in endocrine function and a physiological response to environmental stress (3). In addition to the mentioned cases, the moderating role of impulsivity in the relationship between stress and reward sensitivity has also been determined in new researches (4). This complex variable has long been the focus of researchers in various fields of psychology, including health, clinical and cognitive psychology, Therefore, without examining and understanding the basic variables of many human actions and behaviors, it is not possible to comment on the effectiveness of various psychological treatments and approaches. A significant point in various researches is the effect of the impulsivity variable on sadistic and aggressive behaviors (5). Sexually risky behavior in young people, which leads to many issues and problems in physical and psychological fields, is due to the important and effective role of impulsivity (6). Studies show the role of impulsivity in substance abuse, unplanned purchases, and also the tendency to gamble (7). Impulsivity has cognitive and behavioral aspects, which can be seen in post-traumatic stress disorder, and both cognitive and behavioral impulsivity are both related to threat sensitivity and hyperarousal (8). Antisocial behavior in certain clinical populations, such as prisoners with violent crimes, is related to impulsivity (9), and by understanding the influential role of this variable, it is possible to better predict criminal and delinquent behaviors in prison and after leaving it. Recently, there are opinions that impulsivity may play a role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, and for this reason, research studies indicate the role of impulsivity variable in uncontrollable binge eating (10). The theory of planned behavior states that behavioral intention is the strongest determining factor of human behavior and that self-control disorder due to impulsivity leads to unhealthy behaviors such as drinking alcohol and addictive behaviors. Studies should be conducted on the structure of impulsivity and deficit in self-control to better predict unhealthy behaviors (11). Another one of the areas affected by impulsivity is the tendency to smoke cigarettes, according to researches, young people who received higher scores on impulsivity scales had more dependence and a tendency to use tobacco and smoke cigarettes based on the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (12). Based on the definitions, impulsivity is defined as a preference for immediate rewards, a desire for adventure, searching for new issues and problems, finding available ways, a lack of perseverance, and generally unplanned behavior. (13). In autism spectrum disorder, research shows that with drug interventions, impulsive aggression can be reduced in clients with this diagnosis, which can help improve the mood and emotional state of the patient (14). The mentioned materials and researches point to the role of impulsivity in a variety of mental and behavioral disorders, therefore, the present study, using the meta-analysis method, seeks to investigate the effectiveness of psychological interventions on impulsivity during the years 2009-2022, and the results of the analysis are as follows. It helps therapists and researchers in the preparation and planning for more effective implementation of therapeutic interventions.

The present research is of the meta-analysis type and was approved by the jury of the psychology department of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the meeting dated 28 February 2022 with the code 3/57500. The statistical population includes articles published in reliable domestic scientific publications that were conducted from 2009 to 2022 in the field of the effectiveness of psychological interventions on impulsivity. 55 articles were selected from Magiran, SID, a comprehensive portal of humanities, Google Scholar, and Noormagz, according to the Inclusion and Exclusion criteria, 30 articles were selected and the rest due to not having the criteria of a valid scientific article, such as not having a clear title, lack of protocol and treatment steps, lack of coherent structure of the article, unclear research method, conference articles, lack of using scientific theories, valid treatment reference books, and incompatibility of the body of the article with its title were removed from the review process.

According to the findings, it can be stated that psychological interventions with an effect size of -1.72 at the 0.001 level indicate that the independent variable affects the impulsivity variable, therefore psychological interventions at a meaningful level can modify or reduce this feature is likely to be effective.

According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the size of the effect of psychological interventions on impulsivity in domestic research has been significant in adjusting or reducing this important variable, scientific studies show a kind of Malfunction in decision-making systems, Cognitive evaluation, response inhibition, self-control, and regulation of emotions in people who show impulsive behaviors (15-18). In many studies to reduce and modify high-risk behaviors in teenagers, young people and adults, and people with personality disorder, especially borderline personality disorder, psychological interventions are focused on the impulsivity variable (19). The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to various aspects of impulsivity has been investigated in the clinical population (20), also in another study, the effect of mindfulness therapy on impulsivity in substance-dependent men has been observed (21). The effectiveness of emotional therapy schema in reducing impulsivity in women with bipolar disorder has been investigated (22,23). In general, common cognitive components and elements in many psychological treatments can help to improve the condition of clients and reduce impulsive behaviors.

Establishing a satisfactory relationship in married life is very important, because a healthy family and society is formed by the healthy and developed relationship of the couple, and marital satisfaction expresses the strength and efficiency of the family institution. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and marital satisfaction with the mediation of rumination.

The general design of the research was descriptive-correlation studies and path analysis. The statistical population of the research included all married men and women in Mashhad, from which 384 people were selected using the available sampling method. The data were collected using Tehran Multiple Perfectionism (TMPS), Enrich Marital Satisfaction (ENRICH), and Hoeksema & Morrow’s Ruminative Response (RRS) scales. The analysis of research data was done by structural equation modeling (SEM) and using SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software.

The results indicated that there is a significant negative relationship between perfectionism and rumination with marital satisfaction (p<0.01), while a significant positive relationship was observed between perfectionism and rumination (p<0.01). Also, the findings showed that perfectionism has a negative and significant relationship with marital satisfaction both directly and indirectly through the mediation of rumination (p<0.01).

Perfectionism, when combined with rumination, decreases marital satisfaction even more strongly. Therefore, it is recommended to hold training workshops or couples therapy to moderate perfectionism and improve marital satisfaction in married people

A serious health issue is substance abuse and relapse rates in the world. Relapse rate among substance users being under remission is very high. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the recurrence of substance use in women.

This systematic review study through various search strategies sought electronic databases for relevant studies. The electronic databases included Comprehensive Humanities Portal, the specialized bank of medical articles, the Iranian Research Institute of Science and Information Technology, Noormags, Magiran, Irandoc, Scientific Information Database (SID), PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar. These articles were published in 2016 up to 2022.

During the process of probing, 3455 articles were identified. After exploring the titles, abstracts and the full texts of the articles, 34 articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria. The findings of 34 articles indicated that the most frequent factors among various researches are unemployment, interpersonal problems such as divorce, death of spouse or family disputes, cravings during abstinence, easy and cheap access to drugs, negative emotions such as depression and anxiety, lack of sufficient social support, pleasure-seeking, maladaptive coping strategies, and physical pain. These factors classified into four categories (individual, interpersonal and social, structural, occupational and economic).

It is effective and practical to design interventions to reduce the substance use relapse in women under remission based on the findings of this study.

Architectural space has many effects on human mental and physical health. From a cognitive perspective, some effects are self-conscious and visible in behavior, while some are hidden and their understanding requires meticulous analysis. The range of effects is from positive to negative. Many studies have been conducted in the field of environmental psychology, but due to the use of traditional methods, they failed to provide an answer to explain how architectural space affects the brain. Today, with the emergence of the new trend of neuroscience, the way of this effect has been clarified.

The current research was carried out with the aim of identifying the cognitive effects of architectural space on brain activities based on neuroscience and sought to clarify the different levels of short-term and long-term effects of architectural space on the brain.

The current research has achieved the purpose of the study through qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytical research method, using the review of existing sources and studies, and has specifically addressed the effects of architecture on cognition and brain activities. The study period was between January 1st. 2010 and December 22nd. 2020. The following databases were used: Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, Arts, and Humanities Citation Index, and Emerging Sources Citation Index.

The results of the research indicate that the architectural space can be categorized in three different levels in terms of the importance of the effects from simple to complex. At low level, architectural space affects metabolic settings, basic and immune responses; at middle level, it affects orientation and stress; and at high level, emotion, memory and attention are affected by architectural space.

It seems that the current research field is a step in the direction of clarifying the effects of architecture for the researchers of environmental psychological fields and opens a clear path to achieve a healthy space in this field.

There is almost no accurate information about the causes of body dysmorphic disorder. Many patients with body dysmorphic disorder who apply for plastic surgery show a negative response to these treatments and sometimes the symptoms get worse. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causes of body dysmorphic disorder in women.

The present research was a qualitative study with a content analysis type. Variables and categories were obtained by interviewing 15 experts and eight people with body dysmorphic disorder and reviewing 71 articles. Also, to diagnose body dysmorphic disorder, Yale Brown’s Practical Obsession Questionnaire was used in addition to the interviews. The sampling method in this research was purposive sampling. Data analysis was done in three stages: open, central, and selective coding. The validity of the components was checked by calculating the content analysis index.

In the research, before the interview, written consent was received regarding the specificity and confidentiality of the research (Code: IR.UM.REC.1401.105).

The influential factors in body dysmorphic disorder were: a. Cultural and social factors b. Psychological factors, and c. Biological factors.

According to the obtained results, several factors play a role in the occurrence of body dysmorphic disorder, and their identification in different environments, cultures, and societies provides the possibility of developing preventive measures, and designing and developing a suitable treatment model. However, to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested to conduct similar research in other societies.

Based on the large number of infertile couples and their family, personal, social, etc. problems, this research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of two emotion-oriented approaches and schema therapy, the intervention of two effective approaches on control and life satisfaction of infertile women. The research method was semi-experimental, which was implemented with two experimental groups, a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a one-month follow-up. From the statistical population of infertile women in Milad Infertility Center of Mashhad, 45 people were selected as available and were randomly selected in three groups of 15 people. The instrument used in this research was the control questionnaire and the life satisfaction questionnaire of Diener answered in the pre-test. Then, each of the experimental groups participated in eight 90-minute sessions with an emotion-oriented approach and schema therapy, and the control group did not receive any intervention. After the meeting, the questionnaires were answered again. The data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software and covariance analysis method. The findings of the research showed that in the post-test and follow-up stages, there is a significant difference between the experimental groups, the emotion-oriented approach and the schema-therapy approach with the control group. The results of repeated measurement analysis showed that both emotion-oriented therapy and schema therapy are effective in increasing life satisfaction and reducing control (p < 0.001). paired results showed the effectiveness of the schema therapy approach the emotion-oriented approach has had a greater effect on women's control and the emotion-oriented approach has worked better on life satisfaction.

There is almost no accurate information about the causes of body dysmorphic disorder. Many patients with body dysmorphic disorder who apply for plastic surgery show a negative response to these treatments and sometimes the symptoms get worse. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causes of body dysmorphic disorder in women.

The present research was a qualitative study with a content analysis type. Variables and categories were obtained by interviewing 15 experts and eight people with body dysmorphic disorder and reviewing 71 articles. Also, to diagnose body dysmorphic disorder, Yale Brown’s Practical Obsession Questionnaire was used in addition to the interviews. The sampling method in this research was purposive sampling. Data analysis was done in three stages: open, central, and selective coding. The validity of the components was checked by calculating the content analysis index.

In the research, before the interview, written consent was received regarding the specificity and confidentiality of the research (Code: IR.UM.REC.1401.105).

The influential factors in body dysmorphic disorder were: a. Cultural and social factors b. Psychological factors, and c. Biological factors.

According to the obtained results, several factors play a role in the occurrence of body dysmorphic disorder, and their identification in different environments, cultures, and societies provides the possibility of developing preventive measures, and designing and developing a suitable treatment model. However, to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested to conduct similar research in other societies.

Problem statement: 

Mental health has received a lot of attention in recent years from various fields. One of the parameters of mental health is emotion, which has been influenced by various environmental, social, cognitive, and motor factors. Architectural space as one of the important environmental components has an impact on emotion and has neurophysiological effects on the human brain. Since humans spend a lot of time in the interior of architecture, it has doubled in importance. Despite the great importance of this issue, little research has been done in architecture so far, and most of the research has used qualitative methods of interview, observation, and questionnaire, which, due to the influence of the author, there has been a possibility of orientation in the results. Nevertheless, with the advancement of technology and the emergence of the field of neuroscience, new quantitative tools and methods have been provided to researchers to measure emotion, and it has led to the formation of a new paradigm of neuroarchitecture.

The present research aims to review the studies conducted in this field so that in addition to clarifying the effect of interior architecture on emotion, the methodology of the studies is also analyzed and provides a clear path for future researchers. Therefore, the present research questions can be expressed as follows: Which physical components of the interior space of architecture affect emotion? What effect has their exposure had on neurophysiological emotion? And how do these emotions appear?

The present research employed the systematic review methodology. In this regard, the inclusion criteria such as terms, measurement variables, measuring instruments, and publication date were defined. The way of searching databases of studies, selecting and assessing their qualities were defined, and the final studies were introduced and analyzed.

The results indicate the effect of the physical parameters of the interior space such as form, materials and texture, furniture, ceiling height, architectural details, and openness to nature on emotion, each of which is one of the emotional states and feelings such as enjoy, pleasure, arousal, and disgust have appeared. The present research is a window to the issue of mental health, which introduces a field for using the interior space of architecture as a type of treatment or prevention.

Adolescents may be exposed to several mental health related difficulties due to lack of complete cognitive maturity.

This study investigated the mediation of emotion dysregulation and modeling of peers in relation between self-harming behaviors and suicide probability in adolescent.

In a descriptive study, we investigated juvenile delinquents of Correction and Rehabilitation Center of Mashhad during 2021. A total of 148 individuals were selected and evaluated using the self-harm motivation scale, Ottawa self-harming inventory, regulation problems scale and peer self-harm modeling scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS-3 software.  

The mean age of participants was 16.21 (standard deviation=2.42). There was significant direct effect of self-harming behaviors on suicide probability (β=0.86 , P= 0.001 ). The significant indirect effect of self-harming behaviors on suicide probability through emotional dysregulation (β= 0.36, P= 0.001 ) was stronger than indirect effect mediated by peers modeling (β=0.17 , P= 0.04 ). The model account for 87 % of total variance of suicide probability.

Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that emotion dysregulation and peers modeling play a role in increasing suicide probability and should be considered in preventing harmful behaviors in adolescents.

Life and death became significant issues with the outbreak of the COVID-19 and its aftermath. Previous studies have shown that having meaning in life and the ability to regulate emotion can play effective roles in coping with death anxiety. The present study investigated the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and death anxiety with the mediating roles of emotion regulation and meaning in life.

In this correlational study, the study population included all adults aged 18 to 60 years in Mashhad, Iran 2020-2021, of whom 583 were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using Persian version of Templer Death Anxiety Questionnaire, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Correlation and causality relationships were investigated using path analysis in SPSS V25 SPSS and AMOS V24.

A significant positive correlation was found between death anxiety and COVID-19 anxiety (r=0.31) and difficulty in emotion regulation (r=0.47). On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between death anxiety and meaning in life (r=-0.43). COVID-19 anxiety could indirectly predict death anxiety due to the difficulty in emotion regulation and presence of meaning in life.

COVID-19 anxiety, emotion regulation, and meaning in life play key roles in death anxiety. Therefore, teaching emotion regulation techniques and having deeper meaning in life play major preventive roles in development of death anxiety associated with COVID-19.

The built environment is rapidly expanding because of the growing need for architectural spaces in urban life. However, not enough studies have been carried out about the effect of architectural space on cognition and brain activities. Earlier studies on the environmental psychology of architecture qualitatively were not able to respond to this query. However, nowadays with the emergence of the new theory of neuroscience and its connection with architecture, researchers have found valuable results shedding morelight on the ways that architectural space affects the human brain through the use of modern tools in neuroscience giving rise to a new paradigm of Neuro-architecture. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of architectural space on brain functions and human cognition by measuring brain activities. The main questions in this study were: what are the literature, key concepts, research methods, and techniques in the field of architecture and neuroscience? In addition, how many fields are such resources divided into?

The present study has introduced and analyzed the available resources from 2010 to 2020 via a systematic qualitative method.

The resources are divided into two main categories of theoretical and experimental studies. The focus of the present study is on experimental studies indicating that the physical elements of the architectural space are generally related to the visual field, affect cognition and brain activities, and cause different emotions.

The results revealed that these studies are classified into five general areas of stress reduction, aesthetic judgment, navigation, attention, and emphasis on visual elements and human experiences. EEG technique, fMRI, and some auxiliary tools, such as eye tracking, have been used to measure the effect of architectural space on the brain.

Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples can feel happiness and satisfaction with each other. Recently, various therapy techniques have been developed to solve marital and family problems. The purpose of the study was to comparing the effects of group counseling based on solution-focused therapy and structural family therapy (SFT) on the marital satisfaction and family function among married women.

This interventional study was performed in three of groups married women (20 people as cases in two groups and 10 people as control group). The research population included of all married females referred to the Faculty of Education and Psychology clinic, at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in Iran. The instruments for data collection in this study were marital satisfaction scale (MSS) and the family function scale (FFS). Data analysis was done using SPSS 21 software and the analysis of covariance, and LSD post-hoc test were employed.

The findings revealed that there is no meaningful difference among married females who received SFT and solution-focused therapy (p>0.05); However structural family and solution-focused of group counseling compared with the control group had significant difference in the influence on family function and marital satisfaction (P=0.014 and P=0.024, respectively).

Based on the results, solution-focused group counseling had more effective than structural group counseling in improving family function and marital satisfaction.

Emotional disengagement is a stage in a couple's life in which the couple's positive feelings fade away and negative feelings replace them. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of sexual satisfaction in the association of love styles and emotional disengagement in married individuals. This was a descriptive correlational study. There were 418 participants (97 males and 321 females) selected through convenience sampling and completed the Emotional Disengagement and loneliness Scale, Love attitude scale and sexual satisfaction inventory. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis. The results of Pearson correlation revealed that there were significant relationships between Eros love styles, Storge, Pragma, Mania, Agape and also sexual satisfaction was significantly correlated with emotional disengagement. The results of path analysis also revealed that sexual satisfaction mediated the relationship between love styles and emotional disengagement. According to the results, sexual satisfaction and love styles have an influence on emotional disengagement and attention to these variables seems important and necessary to prevent emotional disengagement.

Sexual function is an important part of the health of women, and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs is among the variables related to sexual dysfunction. The self-determination theory is one of the most important motivational theories, which considers one’s internal motive the main cause of behavior, and also views three psychological needs (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) as the basis of human behavior. This study was to determine the effect of sexual consulting based on the self-determination theory on women’s sexual function.

This clinical trial was conducted on 104 married women aged 18 to 49 years referred to Mashhad health centers in two groups of intervention and control in 2019. The intervention group received five sessions of two-hour group counseling based on the constructs of self-determination theory, with intervals of one week. The data was collected using the sexual performance questionnaire and the constructs of self-determination theory (basic psychological needs) before and after the intervention. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 16 through independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the average score of sexual function before the intervention. However, after the intervention, the difference in the average score of sexual function between before and after the intervention was 2.76±3.02 for the intervention group and -0.25±0.73 for the control group, which showed a significant increase in the sexual function score of the intervention group compared to the control (P<0.001). Moreover, after the intervention between the intervention and control groups, a statistically significant difference was observed in the average scores of autonomy, competence and relatedness (P<0.001).

Providing group sexual counseling based on the self-determination theory can satisfy the basic needs relating to sexuality and improve women's sexual performance.