nasser bay

Ethical managers significantly impact the optimal implementation of school educational programs and the achievement of the organization's educational goals. Therefore, the current research aimed to investigate the effect of school principals' moral leadership in sharing knowledge with physical education teachers based on the mediating role of psychological ownership.

This research was conducted using the survey research method. The statistical population included all physical education teachers of Golestan province (686 teachers), among whom 247 people were selected by stratified random sampling method. The research tools included ethical leadership questionnaires (Brown et al., 2005), psychological ownership (Avi et al., 2008) and knowledge sharing (Park and Lee, 2013). Five sports management experts checked the validity of these questionnaires, and their reliability was confirmed in a preliminary study. Data analysis was done in descriptive and inferential parts (structural equation modelling).

The path analysis of the research model showed that ethical management directly and significantly affects the knowledge sharing of physical education teachers. Also, the direct and significant mediating role of psychological ownership in the effect of ethical leadership on knowledge sharing was confirmed.

Therefore, it is suggested to the policymakers of the country's education system that by employing managers who are committed to ethical characteristics, in addition to providing the necessary platform for teachers to increase their knowledge through the acquisition and sharing of knowledge, they can empower Psychological human resources to provide a voluntary interactive environment in order to optimize educational programs and student success.

The purpose of the current research was to investigate and compare the performance of environmental health based on Elmeri index and Geographical Information System (GIS) in the large-scale open spaces of the Tehran Revolution Sports Complex.

The present study was descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative and qualitative, which was conducted in order to evaluate environmental health performance using the ELMERI questionnaire method and Geographical Information System (GIS) in Tehran's Engleab sports complex. In Elmeri's method, two components of environmental health, including: cleanliness, order, order and industrial hygiene, were examined and evaluated by HSE experts and researchers in the mentioned spaces. In order to analyze the data collected through GPS device and land use maps of Tehran, GIS 10 tool was used.

In the northern areas of the Revolution sports complex, the concentration of PM10, No. 2 pollutants was higher than other areas. The distribution of air pollution with O3 pollutant was more in the eastern part of the Revolution complex than in other stations, and it was the lowest in the west of the stadium where the golf and tennis courts are located. In Al-Mari's method, the component of cleanliness, order and order of tennis courts was in a good condition with a total index of 83.5% and in the component of industrial hygiene with a total index of 78.8%. In the component of cleanliness, order and order of golf courses, the total index was 82.5%, and in the component of industrial hygiene, the total index of golf courses was 77.6% and it was in good condition.

The health level and air pollution index of the large-scale spaces of the Revolution Complex, including tennis and golf courts, were found to be suitable for personnel and people who do sports in these spaces.

The current research was designed with the aim of designing a model for providing facilities granted by banks in the sports industry. The present research was one of the qualitative researches that was carried out in the field. The qualitative method used in this research was of the grand theory type. The participants in the current research included experts who are knowledgeable about the research topic. This problem was formed until theoretical saturation was reached. Finally, 15 interviews were conducted in this regard. data collection tool in this research was a semi-structured interview. The results of showed that 56 codes were extracted from the interviews and these codes were categorized into 15 categories. In the way that these categories are in accordance with the paradigmatic model of research in the 6 dimensions of the paradigmatic model in the form of causal factors (2 categories), the main category: the design of the model of facilities granted by banks in the sports industry (1 category), strategies (4 categories), background conditions (3 categories), intervening conditions (2 categories) and consequences (3 categories) were placed. Paying attention to background factors and intervening factors and implementing strategies can provide a serious basis for improving the facilities granted by banks in the sports industry. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that by evaluating the way of providing banking facilities and also creating various facility packages according to banking regulations; He provided conditions to increase the facilities granted by banks in the sports industry.

The main purpose of this research was to study the effect of customers’ mistreatment on helping behaviors of sports club employees with mediator role of job self-efficacy. This applied research is of a survey type and its statistical population included all the employees of the sports club of bodybuilding, fitness, TRX, aerobics, crossfit and horse riding in the Gonbad Kavos city (403 people). Sample size was considered equal to the statistical population and finally 376 questionnaires were collected. Data collection was done using 3 questionnaires of customers’ mistreatment (Kim, 2023), job self-efficacy (Avallone, 2007) and helping behaviors (Van Dyne, 2001). Validity of the questionnaires was checked and confirmed with the cooperation of 5 sports management experts, and the Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaires was estimated as 0.81, 0.77 and 0.78 respectively in a preliminary study. final data collected in the research were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. research results showed that customers’ mistreatment has a negative and significant effect on the job self-efficacy of sports club employees. Another part of the results showed that the effect of customers’ mistreatment on the helping behavior of sports club employees is negative and significant. Finally, the results indicated that effect of customers’ mistreatment on the helping behaviors of sports club employees is significant. According to the results; formulate ethical principles for customers of sport clubs and oblige them to comply with these principles, as well as provide comprehensive training to employees on dealing with and communicating effectively with customers are recommended.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of principals’ ethical leadership and knowledge hiding behavior of physical education teachers with the mediating role of perceived psychological safety. This study is descriptive_correlation in terms of the research method. All official physical education teachers of Golestan province (557 teachers) were the statistical population of this research that based on Cochran's formula, 228 teachers were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random selection, and they were answered Ethical Leadership, Psychological Safeand Knowledge Hiding questionnaires. The validity of the research questionnaires was checked and confirmed and their reliability was estimated by using Cronbach's alpha test 0.85, 0.87 and 0.81. The data analyzed in two descriptive and inferential ways. The obtained results showed that the effect of principals’ ethical leadership on the perceived psychological safety of physical education teachers is positive and significant. Also, the effect of principals’ ethical leadership on the knowledge hiding behavior of physical education teachers was negative and significant.  Other findings of the research showed that the perceived psychological safety has a negative and significant effect on the knowledge hiding behavior of physical education teachers. Finally, the effect of principals' ethical leadership on physical education teachers' knowledge hiding behavior was confirmed with the mediating role of perceived psychological safety. Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that school principals can provide a positive psychological safety atmosphere by using ethical leadership, which will increase exchanges between physical education teachers and their colleagues, and reduce negative behaviors such as the behavior of hiding knowledge in them.

The purpose of current research was investigation to the effect of proactive personality on job thriving and creative behaviors of physical education teachers in Golestan province.

The research method was descriptive and structural equations. The statistical population included all physical education teachers in Golestan province (675) from whom 246 people were selected as the statistical sample according to the stratified sampling. Data collection tools were three standard questionnaires: Bharati et al.'s (2018) Proactive Personality, Imran et al.'s (2020) Job thriving questionnaire and Akgunduz et al.'s (2018) Creative Behaviors questionnaire. All these questionnaires have 10, 10 and 5 items respectively. After ensuring the internal reliability of the research instrument by Cronbach's alpha method and the optimal good of fit of the research model, the data were analyzed using Smart PLS software.

The results showed that proactivity personality had positive and significant effect on job thriving and creative behaviors of physical education teachers. Also, the effect of proactivity personality on the creative behaviors of physical education teachers with the mediating role of job thriving was positive and significant.

Therefore, it is possible to increase productivity and improve the quality of education by attracting and training teachers with proactivity traits, while strengthening creative behaviors and laying the groundwork for teachers' career success.

The purpose of the current research was developing comprehensive management system for holding sporting events for veterans and the disabled athletes based on the S7 approach.

The research was carried out by a mixed exploratory method. In the qualitative phase, 15 knowledgeable experts were included as the population for judgmental sampling method and in the quantitative phase, 113 athletes, referees, coaches and executives of the sitting volleyball Super League competitions participated as statistical population for the purposeful sampling method. The research tool was a questionnaire extracted from the quality phase of the research. After ensuring the desired reliability, the structural equation method with PLS-2 software was used to ensure the good fit of the research model and 2020 version of Maxqda software for the extracting selective codes.

The study of research model fit based on Forner and Larker triple indexes confirmed that the research model had a good fit. Also, among all constructs, logistic management system and human resource management system had the highest factor load.

Therefore, the comprehensive and good implementation of sporting events management for veterans and the disabled includes seven modules such as competition management system, marketing management system, information and communication management system, logistic management system, human resource management system, risk management system and budget management system.

Today, there are many concerns about the level of physical activity of students and due to its importance in students’ health; many studies have attempted to investigate the factors affecting the levels of physical activity among the students. This study also seeks to investigate the role of peer’s social support in the students’ physical activity behavior with the mediating role of physical self-efficacy. The present study enjoys a cross-sectional descriptive-correlational design. The statistical sample included 384 high school students in Azadshahr city (Golestan province, Iran) in 2019. Three standard questionnaires including peer social support, physical self-efficacy and physical activity behavior were used to measure the research variables. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Descriptive data showed that 191 students had at least three sessions of physical activities per week. Furthermore, the mean scores of the peers’ social support, physical self-efficacy and physical activity behavior were 3.60, 3.60 and 3.28, respectively, which were above the average. The findings demonstrated a significant relationship between the peer’s social support and students’ physical self-efficacy (T=55.711). The results also revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between peer social support and the students’ physical activity behavior (T=3.285). Moreover, physical self-efficacy has a positive and significant relationship with the students’ physical activity behavior (T=4.295). Finally, the mediating role of physical self-efficacy was confirmed (T=3.302). The results of this study show the importance of peer’s social support in increasing physical self-efficacy and physical activity behavior of students in the school environment.

Sports businesses are among the jobs that have been severely affected by the negative consequences of the current crisis. The most important area of influence of Quid 19 in the sports industry is related to production-service businesses. Therefore, the main aim of present study was investigation the effect of factor on small sport business marketing in Corona crisis. The present study was mix method research. In the qualitative phase of the research, 15 owners of recreational-sports clubs and in the quantitative phase, 110 owners of sports clubs and sports shops were selected. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire including managerial components, legal-supportive factors, technological factors, educational factors and motivational factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and LISREL (P≥0.05).The results of factor analysis of research variables showed that the technology component (0.68) and management component (0.66) had the highest impact on competitive marketing. Therefore, managers and owners of sports businesses can gain a special competitive advantage through the deployment and training of new technologies and ensure their presence in the competitive cycle.

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the role of psychological ownership in satisfying the psychological needs and customers’ happiness feeling of private sports clubs in Gonbad Kavous city. The present research is a descriptive correlational study and its statistical population included all customers of private sports clubs in Gonbad Kavous city that 384 customers were selected as a statistical sample.The tools used to ghatering research data included three questionnaires of Olckers's (2013) Psychological Ownership, Guevarra & Howel's (2017) Satisfying the Psychological Needs and Gong & Yi's (2018) Happiness Feeling. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 5 sport management experts and Cronbach's alpha values of the questionnaires were 0.81, 0.78 and 0.86, respectively, which indicating their appropriate reliability. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Findings showed that psychological ownership has a positive and significant relationship with satisfying the psychological needs of customers. The results also showed a positive and significant relationship between psychological ownership and customers’ happiness feeling. The relationship between the satisfaction of psychological needs and the customers’ happiness feeling was positive and significant. Finally, the results showed that the relationship between psychological ownership and the feeling of happiness of customers of private sports clubs with the mediating role of satisfying psychological needs is significant. According to the results; increasing the psychological ownership of the customers of private sports clubs by using methods such as applying their opinions and suggestions about the services provided in order to satisfy the psychological needs and increase the feeling of happiness of customers is suggested.

The aim of this study was to explain the role of job autonomy and task complexity in creative behaviors of employees of Sport and Youth offices of Golestan province (N=220). 140 employees of these offices were selected as the statistical sample by simple random sampling method. To collect data, Langfred’s (2005) job autonomy, Maynard and Hakel’s (2009) task complexity and Zhou and George’s (2001) creative behaviors in workplace questionnaires were used. Face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by experts and reliability coefficients of the questionnaires were determined respectively as 0.83, 0.78 and 0.79. Data were analyzed and the causal relationships of research variables were identified by structural equation modeling based on Smart PLS 2. Results showed that autonomy in job planning had a positive and significant effect on employees’ creative behaviors (t=3.31, β=0.34). The effects of autonomy in the approaches to do the job and autonomy in job evaluation on creative behaviors were not significant. Results showed that the task complexity of job had a negative and significant effect on employees’ creative behaviors (t=3.38, β= -0.38). Also, predictor variables of the study totally explained 44% of the variation of creative behaviors variable. According to these results, it is suggested that respective managers should identify the individual and organizational factors affecting the employees’ creative behaviors such as empowerment, knowledge sharing, organizational learning culture and organizational support to lay the groundwork for a creative and innovative organization in the field of sport.

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of trust and spirituality in workplace on knowledge sharing behavior in Sport and Youth General Office of Tehran province. 114 employees and experts of this office were randomly selected as the sample. Rahman et al. (2014) trust and knowledge sharing behavior questionnaire and Anthony (2009) workplace spirituality questionnaire were used in this study. Face and content validity was determined by experts’ viewpoints, and Cronbach's alpha test was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaires. Structural equation modeling based on Smart PLS 3 software was used to analyze the data and identify the causal relationships of research variables. Research findings confirmed the extracted model and showed that trust and spirituality in workplace had a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing behavior of employees. Also, findings indicated that these variables totally predicted 64% of variation of knowledge sharing behavior variable. Therefore, it is suggested that managers should impel the organization culture to the rising of trust and spirituality among the employees and organization environment in order to share knowledge in organization environment.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of workplace discrimination on mental health and job performance among employers of Sport and Youth offices in Kermanshah province. The population of this study consists of all employers of the Sport and Youth offices of Kermanshah province and it equal to 210 persons that all persons were selected as research sample which finally 198 questionnaires were analyzed. To collect data, questionnaires of Pascoe & Richman (2009) workplace discrimination, Backer (2008) mental health and Bobbin & Boles (2004) job performance were used. To analyze data and identify the effects of research variables, structural equation modeling with the use of LIZREL software was applied. The results indicate that workplace discrimination had negative and significant effect on mental health and job performance of employers of the Sport and Youth offices of Kermanshah province. With respect to the results of study, it can be concluded that workplace discrimination can lead to decrease employers’ mental health and job performance. Therefore, it can be suggested that the managers of Sport and Youth offices in Kermanshah province by eliminating workplace discrimination, enhancing mental health and job performance of their employers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of market orientation in business profitability of Kermanshah City' bodybuilding halls. The population of study consisted of all managers of bodybuilding halls of Kermanshah City (N=153) that sample size were determined by Cohran formula and simple sampling method (n=113) that finally 113 questionnaires were returned. To collect data, market orientation questionnaire developed by Ramayah et al (2011) and business profitability questionnaire developed by William et al (2009) were used. Internal consistency of questionnaires by using Cronbach's alpha was determined respectively 0.87 and 0.79. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used for data analysis. The findings showed that between customer orientation and business profitability there is no significant correlation. Between competitor orientation and business profitability significant correlation wasn’t observed. Research result showed that between inter-functional coordination and business profitability there is significant positive correlation. Among dimensions of market orientation, inter-functional coordination has the ability to predict business profitability. It is recommended to the manager of bodybuilding halls in Kermanshah City that must with improvement and development of market orientation in their club, underlying profitability of their business.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational support and customer orientation in employees of Golestan sport and youth offices. The population consisted of employees of Golestan sport and youth offices (N=203) in 2014. Sample size was determined by Cochran Table and stratified random sampling method (n=132). Finally, 125 questionnaires were returned. To collect data, Organizational Support Questionnaire developed by Yavas & Babakus (2009) and Customer Orientation Questionnaire developed by Donavan et al. (2004) were used. Internal consistency of the questionnaires was determined by Cronbach's alpha as 0.84 and 0.87 respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The findings showed a significant positive relationship between management support and employees’ customer orientation. Also, a significant positive relationship was observed between training and employees’ customer orientation. There was a significant positive relationship between rewarding and employee's customer orientation. Empowerment had a positive significant relationship with employees’ customer orientation. Among dimensions of organizational support, employees’ empowerment and rewarding had the ability to predict their customer orientation. It is recommended that the managers of Golestan Sport and Youth offices should provide a background for employee's customer orientation with a supportive atmosphere.

With regard to the presence of agricultural and recreational activities as well as Aqua culture (fish farming) industries around the Zarin-Gol River, the current study aimed to evaluate water quality of this river in terms of water quality indices.
Regarding to the agricultural and livestock activities around the river, seasonal patterns of water quality indices (NSF-WQI and IRWQISC) were estimated using physic-chemical and biological parameters from 9 water quality monitoring stations. Sampling was done biweekly throughout summer and autumn. Measured parameters included fecal coliforms, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, phosphorus, turbidity, total hardness, pH and total solids. Because of the nature of the project, there were not ethical issues in this study.
The results of this study show that the WQI values in the samples from all stations were 54 to 61, based on both indices. NSF WQI index was moderate (70-50) and IRWQISC was also considered as moderate (55-45) and relatively good (55.1-70).
Total solids, turbidity, nitrate, temperature, and fecal coliforms were the most affecting parameters. Furthermore, although the quality of river water was suitable for agriculture, it should be treated for drinking, based on the water quality index value.

The high number of road accidents and fatalities make it necessary to select and develop relief and rescue road bases more than ever. Several factors are involved in the selection of relief and rescue bases which is not possible to analysis all aspects with traditional methods. Golestan province is located in the northern transit route and welcomes millions of travelers every year due to natural conditions and the characteristics of tourism-pilgrim. Consequently there are many road accidents which serious attention it requires in order to better serve the needs of the injured in hazardous places. In this study, method of hierarchical is used. Firstly, the factors in road traffic accidents are identified; in the following the weight of each factor is determined based on paired comparison method and experts opinions. Finally, data were combined in a GIS and priority plan of available rescue and relief centers. Then site selection of suggested centers of rescue and relief bases was provided. In proximity of cities and villages, the mix of the purpose and use of international road by residents and drivers has been the main cause of accidents. The focus of rescue and relief bases in these areas has not reduced the number of accidents and only accelerates the relief. The main places to establish relief and rescue bases in Tehran-Mashhad international road are between the cities of Minoodasht, Azadshahr, Ramian, Aliabad, Gorgan, Kordkuy and Bandar Gaz. In the meantime, Gorgan-Ali Abad and Gorgan-Kordkuy roads are more dangerous. According to the results, the density of accident-prone areas is between two road rescue and relief bases. It seems that some factors are involved such as population, culture, climate and culture of indigenous people. Therefore, it is recommended that policies should be reviewed in order to reduce road accidents in these areas.