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The Gorgan-Aqghala-Aliabad plain, which is located in Southwestern part of Western Kopet dagh, has experienced subsidence in last decades. One of the effective techniques in subsidence assessment is Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique which is an effective and fast method with high coverage area and high spatial resolution. In this research, the above mentioned plain is selected to determine the subsidence pattern and its relationship with structures and abnormal water consumtion from aquifers, with using integration of InSAR techniques outputs and extracted subsurface data. The results show that some parts of this plain are undergone uplift with a rate of +19.0 mm/yr, whereas, the subsidence is located predominantly in two strips with strikes N40-50 (14.0 km width) and N-S (9.0 km width) with a rate of -9.0 to -14.7 mm/yr. Investigation on subsidence patterns - structures relationship demonstrated that these subsiding strips are correlated with previously determined subsurface structures. Considering the relationship between subsidence-uplift patterns with water wells in the area shows that subsidence pattern continues in the area where there is no exploiting water well. Inversely, in the areas with densely located exploiting water wells, uplift took place. Therefore, these results show that subsidence-uplift patterns of Gorgan-Aqghala-Aliabad plain are dominantly controlled by structures and to a lesser extent by abnormal exploiting from aquifers.

In order to find the relationship between porphyry copper depositions with faulting systems, the Aliabad porphyry and Darre Zereshk Porphyry- Skarn ores were selected as a case studies in Uramia- Dokhtar Magmatic Belt,. In this research, discovering this correlation procedure was performed by using surface and subsurface data (i.e. drilling data as geotechnical and Cu-percentage data) from Aliabad and Darre Zereshk mine districts. The results show that RQD criteria extracted from fault zones have a good correlation with surface faults which are identified by field investigations and Remote Sensing techniques. Also, the copper enriched was observed along fault zones and therefore, the relationship between porphyry copper deposits and fault zones is approved.

Genetic variations were study for 12 accessions of Lolium perenne using molecular and biochemical markers. Soluble proteins were extracted for each population by Laemmli′s method and electrophoresis was done using polyacrilamid gel. The numbers of 12 bands were observed for genotypes, which the numbers of 6 bands were polymorph. The highest number of band belonging to Tyrone with 12 bands and the genotype of Green Gold had the lowest number of band (6 bands). The results of cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis were fall the genotypes in three groups. Genetic variation for accessions were surveyed using the number of 12 ISSR primers, that the number of 10 primers can be scored. The ISSR primers can be produced the number of 62 bands, which the polymorphism was showed for the number of 47 bands. The average of bands was 6.2 for each primer. The primer of IS9 showed the highest number of band (11 bands) and IS15 showed the lowest number of band (3 bands). A desirable polymorphism between genotype was observed based on ISSR markers, which the primers of IS9, IS10, IS13 and IS16 were determined for genetic variation study in Lolium perenne as desirable primers. Genetic variation based on ISSR marker had a average conformity with the results of protein surveys.

Among the enzymes, lipases are an important group with wide applications in various industries. Different strains of A.niger have been widely studied for the production of extracellular lipase. The agar plate method for screening of lipase producing strain by olive oil / rhodamine B was used along with direct assessment of the enzyme solution. The best lipase producer strain was used for the study by submerged culture in medium containing date waste. RSM method was used to optimize the composition of the culture medium containing the carbon source, nitrogen source and lipase inducer. The highest lipase production was observed in medium containing 2.74% date waste, 1.06% yeast extract and peptone and 2.06% olive oil respectively. The yield of lipase produced by A.niger in culture medium containing date waste after optimization of medium components was equal to 10200 U in units of enzyme produced per liter of culture medium. The yield of lipase taken from date waste after optimization of medium components was equal to 372.26 units per gram of consumed date waste. The maximum enzyme production was observed at 102 hours of culture.

The genetic variation was studied for 13 genotypes of Lolium multiflorum using molecular and cytogenetical markers. karyotype were prepared for 5 metaphases cells in each genotype. The studying genotypes had an asymmetry karyotype and variation was significant between genotypes for karyotypic characters. The results of compare means showed that the diploid genotypes had an average chromosome length more than tetraploid genotypes. The tetraploid genotypes had the intrachromosomal asymmetry more than diploid genotypes. Karyotypic evolution for L. multiflorum was more from intrachromosomal asymmetry, considering studied genotypes and intrachromosomal asymmetry increased by development of ploidy level. The genotypes of 390, 374, vi and plc had the most karyotypic evolution and the genotypes of 1624 and 1765 had the lowest karyotypic evolution. Genetic variations for studying genotypes were surveyed using 12 ISSR primers, that the number of nine primers can be scored. The ISSR primers can be produced the number of 66 bands, which the polymorphisms were showed for the number of 56 bands. The primers of IS9 and IS12 showed the highest number of band (10 bands) and IS15 showed the lowest number of band (3 bands). A desirable polymorphism between genotype observed based on ISSR markers, which the primers of IS9, IS10, IS13, IS14 and IS16 were determined for genetic variation study in Lolium multiflorum as desirable primers. The tetraploid and diploid genotypes separated based on surveyed primers. The diploid genotypes of 393 and 374" merely were grouping with tetraploid genotypes. Grouping of genotypes based on markers don’t agreement with geographical origin of genotypes.

In this study, the genetic diversity was investigated among eleven accessions of Agropyron intermedium using both cytogenetical and morphological characteristics. Based on the results of cytogenetical experiments, the basic chromosome number was x=7 in all of the accessions, but their karyotypic formula (K. F.) was varied. Based on the results of analysis of variance the accessions were significantly different for all traits except for short arm (SA). The Cluster analysis based on cytogenetical data, classified all accessions into three distinct groups. Analysis of morphological data showed significant differences among all the traits, Comparison of means revealed that the 890-4 and 890-13 accessions produced the highest Dry Weight (DW). Cluster analysis based on morphological data classified the accessions into three separate groups.

Aims: Sludge is an inescapable component of all wastewaters that originated from their treatment. dissolved air flotation (DAF) process as an alternative clarifier is used in treatment of drinking water, pretreatment of wastewater, and as a phase separator in sludge activation processes. This study aimed to calibrated the usage of DAF process in a laboratory scale and under various conditions, to achieve the optimum efficiency in recycling the activated sludge.
Instrument & In this experimental study, of Kashan''s Shahid Beheshti hospital and immediately transported to the laboratory. The optimal dose of polyaluminum chloride coagulant and pH was determined and then applied in DAF process. Finally turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC) and total solids (TS) parameters were measured and compared with control sample.
Findings: The optimal pH and optimal dose of coagulant were 6.5 and 25mg/l, respectively. Also Optimal process efficiency to reduce EC, TS and turbidity parameters were 23.4, 44.5 and 88%, respectively.
Dissolved air flotation process removes the turbidity, EC and TS effectively; however, it has minimal impact on EC and TS.

Aims: The students’ academic achievements are noticed by the managers of academic centers. One of the major factors in the academic achievements is academic enthusiasm. The aim of this study was to predict the academic enthusiasm based on spiritual intelligence and psychological tenacity in the students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences.
Instrument & In the correlational cross-section study, 165 students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences were studied in 2015-16 academic year. The subjects were selected based on Morgan table and via stratified random sampling method. Data was collected using spiritual intelligence, Ahvaz psychological tenacity, and academic enthusiasm scales. Data was analyzed by SPSS 22 software using Pearson correlational coefficient, synchronic regression, and independent T test.
Findings: There were positive and significant correlations between academic enthusiasm and spiritual intelligence (r=0.10) and psychological tenacity (r=0.21; p Academic enthusiasm can be predicted based on spiritual intelligence and psychological tenacity.

Aims: The students’ academic achievements are noticed by the managers of academic centers. One of the major factors in the academic achievements is academic enthusiasm. The aim of this study was to predict the academic enthusiasm based on spiritual intelligence and psychological tenacity in the students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences.
Instrument & In the correlational cross-section study, 165 students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences were studied in 2015-16 academic year. The subjects were selected based on Morgan table and via stratified random sampling method. Data was collected using spiritual intelligence, Ahvaz psychological tenacity, and academic enthusiasm scales. Data was analyzed by SPSS 22 software using Pearson correlational coefficient, synchronic regression, and independent T test.
Findings: There were positive and significant correlations between academic enthusiasm and spiritual intelligence (r=0.10) and psychological tenacity (r=0.21; p Academic enthusiasm can be predicted based on spiritual intelligence and psychological tenacity.

Exposure to a stressor generates a wide variety of adaptive responses and alters the pharmacological effects of opioids. Common neural pathways are activated by morphine and stress. This study was done to determine the effect of chronic restraint stress and acute water immersion stress on the severity of naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal manifestation in morphine-dependent rats. In this experimental study, 32 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups equally including: morphine-dependent - no chronic restraint stress (D/NS) (Control), morphine-dependent with chronic restraint stress (D/R), morphine-dependent with acute water immersion stress (D/WI) and morphine-dependent with chronic restraint stress under acute water immersion stress (D/R+WI). Rats were injected with bi-daily doses (10 mg/kg/bw, sc, at 12h intervals) of morphine over a period of 10 days in the presence or absence of restraint stress (1 h/day). On day 11, immediately after naloxone hydrochloride injection (2mg/kg/bw, ip), withdrawal manifestation were recorded. Water immersion stress was performed prior to naloxone injection in D/WI and D/R+WI groups. The overall score of morphine withdrawal was significantly lower in D/RS and D/RS+WI rats in compared to controls (P<0.05). Among the graded signs, the mean number of abdominal contractions and jumps was reduced in D/RS+WI and D/RS rats in compared to control groups (P<0.05). Among the checked signs, the number of rats per group with erection and genital grooming were reduced in restraint rats by 25% than control group (P<0.05). Chronic restraint stress with or no acute water immersion stress diminished severity of dependency on morphine. Thus, restraint stress may be applied as a method to ameliorate some of the withdrawal behavioural consequences of morphine.

The aim of this study was to identify and compare the key indicators of Olympic education in selected countries to make suggested strategies for Iran. This research was a study in the library that performed through qualitative content analysis. The purposive sample was six countries included Australia, Canada, China, Russia, Greece and Iran. Data collected via websites, contact with Olympic education centers in selected countries and the check lists which were based on the studies. The content analysis method was used for analysis of data. The findings of this study showed that Iran has taken steps although all indicators, but its status is weaker than other studied countries. Constant contact with the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Sciences as well as making a study center and Olympic education website by the National Olympic Academy is the suggestions of this research.

In this study, the preference value of four rangeland species of semi steppe regions of Iran including were measured preference index of different species in three stages of vegetative, flowering and seed ripening Poa bulbosa, Bromus tomentellus, Noaea mucronata and Stachys inflate were investigated. The study was conducted during vegetative growth, flowering, and seeding stages in semi steppe rangelands of Cheshmeh Anjir, Karsanak, and Jashloobar. One-way ANOVA was applied to analyze the data. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the preference value of the mentioned species differed significantly among the studied sites as well as studied species, while no significant differences were obtained among phenological stages. Interaction effects of region×species (R×S), species×phonological stage (S×PS) and species×phonological stage×region(S×PS×R) were significant, indicating multiplicative diversity of data. According to the results of Duncan's Multiple Range Test at 5% level of probability the highest preference value was recorded for Poa pulbosa and Bromus tomentellus. The lowest preference value was obtained for Stachys inflate and Noaea mucronata. The comparison of preference value in three studied sites showed that Poa bulbosa in Cheshmeh Angir site and Stachys inflata in Karsank site had the highest and lowest preference value, respectively. It is due to the different species composition and climatic conditions of the sites. Generally, the obtained results of this study showed that the preference value changes of Poa bulbosa did not differ significantly during different months.

In order to evaluate the forage production stability of rangeland species in Gavanbane Harsin, the production per hectare was estimated for eight species in a completely randomized design with five replications during four years. Combined analysis of variance for dry forage production indicated significant differences among the years and species at 0. 01 level of probability. The results of mean comparisons, at 5% level of probability, showed that maximum forage production was obtained for Bromus tomentellus, Festuca ovina and Poa bulbosa, compared to other species. The interaction effect of species×year was significant at 1% level of probability and parametric and non parametric statistics were calculated on the basis of average forage production during four years. Parametric statistics including CVi, S2di and R2i and non parametric statistic including)Si)1)Si) 2، (Si) 2، Si)3، (Si) 6، (NPi) 3 and NPi had an identical trend in introducing stable species. Based on these statistics the most forage production stability was recored for Acantholimon olivieri, Eryngium thyrsoideum and Poa bulbosa. Parametric statistics of bi، Wi2 and δi2, and non parametric statistics of NPi (1) and NPi (2) also showed similar trend in the expression of species stability and the most production stability was obtained for Astragalus flexilipes and Scariola orientalis. Our results were confirmed by group classification of species stability using cluster analysis and principle component analysis for species ranking according to the statistics of stability. In general, Bromus tomentellus and Festuca ovina had a desirable forage production while their production stability was poor. In contrast, Scariolaorientalis and Astragalus flexilipes had desirable production stability while their forage production was poor compared to other species. Acantholimon olivier, Eryngium thyrsoideumand and Poa bulbosa had relatively moderate forage production and relatively favorable production stability. The low stability of the species having favorable forage production indicated that in addition to considering the amount of production, the stability of production also should be taken into consideration as an important factor, affecting the range condition. In terms of production, production stability, and palatability class, Festuca ovina and Poa bulbosa could be introduced for range improvement programs.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of service quality, customer satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty on future intention of participations in fitness and aerobic centers of Rasht Township. The design of this study was correlational. The population of study includes all costumers of aerobic and fitness centers in Rasht that have one year attendance in this clubs. So, According to Morgan sampling tables and populations of the customers in this clubs that were 150 people, 108 samples elected randomly. To gather data, standard questionnaire of service quality (QSS) Alexandris (1999), customer loyalty (AIS) Alen (1990), customer satisfaction (OCS) Victor (2002) and behavioral future intention (BFIS) Bery (1996) was used(8). Results indicated that there was a positive and significant relation between service qualities with loyalty (r=0/395), satisfaction and behavioral future intention(r=0/486, P≤0/.5). Also there was positive and significant relation between loyalty with satisfaction(r=0/286) and behavioral future intention(r=0/524) and finally customer satisfaction had positive and significant relation with behavioral future intention(r=0/505, P≤0/.5). Regression test showed that only customer satisfaction (t=4/745) and loyalty (t=3/185) can predict behavioral future intention and service quality was mediator variable (P≤0/.5). According to the results, it should be considered that fitness and aerobic club managers should play an important role in customer satisfaction by providing more tangible services to attracting loyal customers.

The main purpose of the present study is to clarify the management abilities and required features for cultural managers. To maintain the requested goal, the authors of the paper have studied the biography of martyr ayatollah mahallati as successful Islamic-cultural manager. The method of the research is descriptive survey and the instrument in data collection is questionnaire and interview. The results of the article indicate a pattern related to the abilities of cultural managers. The authors of the survey conclude the following managers as successful managers in cultural fields: managers with physical, scientific abilities and abilities in mental, thought and individual aspects and ideal like: guardianship oriented(velayat madari), inner eye(spiritual insight),revolutionary function, struggle in the way of Allah.

Equity is an important index in resource distribution and access to health services. Human or equipments may be distributed inappropriately if decision-makers do not pay attention to need indices. This not only creates obstacles in access to health services، but also results in an inefficient allocation of resources. This study aimed to assess equity in distribution of dialysis beds and nephrologists in Iran، 2009.

In this cross-sectional study، we gathered the data including number of dialysis beds، number of patients and nephrologists from all provinces. Data were entered into the Excel and were analyzed using the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient.

In 2009، 18586 patients underwent dialysis in Iran. Most of the patients were hospitalized in Tehran (n=3991). Ilam had the least number of the dialysis patients (n=83). The total number of dialysis beds was 3722 in Iran mostly located in Tehran (n=666). The Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad had the least number of beds (n=23) in Iran. The total number of nephrologists was 335 in 2009 in Iran from whom 151 individuals worked in Tehran. On average، there were 25 dialysis patients، five dialysis beds and 0. 44 nephrologists per 100000 populations.

Although، according to the Lorenz curve، dialysis beds have been distributed appropriately، distribution of the nephrologists was not appropriate. Regarding the role of the human resources in delivering adequate health services، appropriate distribution of nephrologists can result in high efficiency of resources in health system in Iran.

In this study, sustainability of forage production in some rangeland species of mountainous rangelands of Alamut Qazvin was investigated. These mountainous rangelands are located in the highlands of North-Eastern city of Qazvin as a part of south basin of central Alborz Mountains. The rainfall of these natural environments is 400 mm per year. Long dry season is considered as the main characteristics of the natural environments of these ecosystems. Production per hectare of 24 species was studied during four years. Combined analysis of variance for dry forage production (kg/ha) showed significant differences (p>0.01) among species and the years. According to the results of mean comparisons (Duncan’s multiple test) and cluster analysis (Ward method), Eryngium billardieri, Cousinia esfandiari, Artemisia aucheri, Verbascum speciosum, Agropyron intermedium, and Cirsium haussknechtii had higher forage production. Interaction effect of species * year was significant at 1% probability level and sustainability parameters were calculated based upon average forage production. Parameters of CVi, S2di and R2 had similar trends in introduction of sustainable species and most of them showed low forage production based upon these parameters. Parameters of Bi, W2i and S2i also showed the same trend in expression of sustainability and on the basis of these three parameters, an average forage production was recorded for most of sustainable species. In general, Cousinia esfandiari and Artemisia aucheri showed appropriate production sustainability based upon most sustainability parameters. Agropyron intermedium and Cirsium haussknechtii were not sensitive to adverse conditions while Verbascum speciosum and Eryngium billardieri were sensitive to adverse conditions. Therefore, Agropyron intermedium and Artemisia aucheri could be introduced for range improvement programs.

Iran annually exports considerable quantities of nuts such as almonds, hazelnuts, pista-chios and walnuts. The fatty acid profile of these nut oils as an index of their quality was determined using gas chromatography. Results indicated that oleic acid (C18:1) was the major fatty acid in almonds (75.37%), hazelnuts (76.21%) and pistachios (60.49%) fol-lowed by linoleic acid (C18:2), whereas in walnuts, the main fatty acid was linoleic acid (49.84%) followed by oleic acid. However, in all cases palmitic acid (C16:0) was detected at a much lower level than those of oleic and linoleic acid (7.26, 5.29, 7.20, 9.23%, respec-tively).