conceptual framework

The aim of this research is to present a conceptual framework for curriculum dissemination in the public education. The study is qualitative in nature and it was conducted using an inductive qualitative content analysis method. Data were collected through the review of documents and scholarly sources related to the research topic over the past two decades (2000 to 2023). For this purpose, the relevant keywords were searched in the reputable academic databases, and ultimately, 49 sources (35 international and 14 domestic) were selected for the final analysis. The selected sources and studies were organized using the software ‘ATLAS.ti’. They were analyzed with the categorical content analysis method, with the unit of analysis being ‘themes’. The key sections of each text were selected and marked. After reviewing and analyzing the content of the sources, the conceptual framework for curriculum dissemination was extracted through coding, comprising 7 dimensions and 27 components. The dimensions of the conceptual framework for curriculum dissemination include: the nature of dissemination, dissemination elements, the process of raising awareness and encouraging stakeholders, dissemination approaches, curriculum stakeholders (change agents), dissemination activities, and the factors influencing them. Through the interaction of these multiple components, a multidimensional framework for curriculum dissemination was discovered and presented.

The research literature indicates that 70 to 90 percent of workplace learning takes place in an informal manner. Meanwhile, informal learning may not be effective due to its unstructured nature and limitations. Using task-centered learning models that focus on learning based on real-world problems and tasks could be beneficial in this area. This study was conducted to propose a conceptual framework for designing informal workplace learning based on task-centered learning. For this purpose, two preliminary studies were conducted using the qualitative meta-synthesis method. These studies were conducted to identify the most significant components of task-centered learning and informal workplace learning. Both studies employed the meta-synthesis approach recommended by Sandelowski and Barroso (2006). The findings revealed that many commonalities of the conceptual frameworks of task-centered learning and informal workplace learning provide the possibility of developing a common conceptual framework. The resulting conceptual frameworks (TC-IWL) include five main components and 15 sub-components: Learning stimulus (stimulus authenticity, contextual stimulus, competency-oriented stimulus, stimulus sequence and stimulus variety), workplace action (understanding the new experience, context consistency, and additional practice), support and guidance (peer coaching, multi-source feedback, second-order scaffolding, demonstration, and clarifying), self-direction (self-scaffolding and self-evaluation), and reflection on action.

Nowadays, with demographic changes, the increase in the number of elderly people and the spread of dementia, it is necessary to create urban environments that meet the needs of these people. This highlights the need to elucidate a comprehensive conceptual framework of urban design principles specifically to address the complex challenges faced by people with dementia. Evidence and studies indicate that urban design has an effect on reducing the symptoms of dementia in urban residents. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between urban environment design and dementia and develop a conceptual framework focused on the principles of urban design to prevent the exacerbation of dementia symptoms through urban design.

The current research is a quantitative and qualitative review of existing studies in the field of "Principles of urban design related to people with dementia". The method of collecting information in this research is library studies and data analysis is content analysis. Hence, published articles on the principles of urban design for people with dementia have been done. In this regard, the data of this research was collected through document study of authentic texts in the field of urban design, environmental psychology, psychology and psychiatry. Databases were selected for searching and extracting PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sage, Science Direct and Taylor & Francis articles.

The findings of the research include the components of the built environment and the principles of urban design related to the disease of dementia, which have been raised in different dimensions of physical, social, environmental, etc. At the end, the qualities mentioned in the studies with their frequency were calculated and the corresponding table and graph were drawn. Also, in order to identify the components of urban design to meet the environmental needs of people with dementia, the proposed research framework was presented. This conceptual framework serves as a guiding resource for urban planners, architects and policy makers seeking to create dementia-inclusive cities. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that urban design has principles and components that affect the improvement of cognitive impairment in people with dementia, which is one of the main achievements of this research.

Strategic planners emphasize cultural diversity in regional planning, but it's not adequately addressed in important documents like the "National Land Use Document." To safeguard against potential repercussions such as heightened cultural inequality and the resulting erosion of the distinctive Iranian identity, some documents are being assembled in conjunction with the aforementioned document. The following article is taken from research that was carried out to compile the mentioned document and to conceptualize and recognize the cultural regions of Iran. The purpose of this article is to prepare the conceptual foundations and achieve a methodological framework to recognize the cultural regions of Iran and to get the answer to the question of what indices can be used to define and distinguish the cultural regions of Iran and to represent and preserve their integrity in the form of a national cultural region. To do this, library and comparative study methods were used, along with the opinions of several scientific and business experts. According to this paper’s findings, the definition of a cultural region was made by combining the three concepts of "formal culture regions," "combined formal cultural regions," and "native or vernacular cultural regions," or perceptual. Based on this research, the framework of a method for cultural regionalization is efficient if the material and non-material aspects of culture are taken into consideration at the same time and two simultaneous approaches are adopted. The cultural regionalization of Iran based on the focus of regions from the perspective of four indices of history, science, religion, and ethnicity is a practical method that has all the above features.

During the first half of the 20th century, ‘‘accounting theory’’ developed primarily by accounting scholars and academics provided the primary basis for the practice and teaching of financial accounting in the United States. Since the creation of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the early 1970s, the FASB Conceptual Framework has provided the primary basis for accounting standards-setting, as well as for the practice and teaching of financial accounting. While the purpose of creating a Conceptual Framework has been to develop an agreed-upon set of concepts and principles to guide accounting standards-setting, a related goal has been to reduce diversity in accounting practice and to move toward greater uniformity. This paper traces the influence of accounting theory on the Conceptual Framework and explores some of the consequences of this influence.
This paper traces the influence of accounting theory on the Conceptual Framework and explores some of the consequences of this influence.

Aesthetics training is known to be helpful in increasing effectiveness, efficiency, and self-actualization, and as a result, in progressive educational systems is considered as a means for achieving goals. To construct a framework for such training, a group of 13 experts in education, arts, and aesthetics was selected and interviewed to the point of data saturation. Data validation was done through Delphi method and t-test. The collected data were analyzed and categorized within a conceptual framework consisting of 14 main topics, 7 organizational topics, and a general topic of aesthetics training in teacher training. The main topics are: approach, objectives, logic and foundations, internal principles, external principles, theoretical content, activities, aesthetically-based methods, general methods, resources, media, observation, and evaluation. According to the experts the suggested framework has the adequate potential for use in teacher training centers in order to train creative and effective teachers. Furthermore, all involved in teacher training programs need to be aware of the importance, usefulness, and consequences of using such a framework and familiarity with it be considered as a competency, alongside other teaching competencies.

Today, the digital revolution has fundamentally changed the nature of work, organizational boundaries, and the responsibilities of employees of organizations. Digital transformation is the right answer to a world full of change, ambiguity, and uncertainty; Accordingly, the organizations are required to be equipped with digital transformation to keep staying in the field of competition. Since digital transformation is not only related to new digital technologies and is more dependent on human beings, which is called the soft part of digital transformation, managers should be familiar with the soft components of digital transformation, which are necessary for the implementation of a great digital transformation and apply them in their organizations. Thus, the aim of the current research is to identify the soft components of digital transformation, and then design a conceptual framework to explain them.

This research was qualitative conducted using thematic analysis. The research source of information was made up of databases and qualified international journals in this field, and 43 participants related to the subject under study were selected using the purposeful sampling method.

During the process of analyzing, interpreting, and synthesizing the findings, the conceptual framework resulting from the soft components of digital transformation includes the comprehensive theme of culture with 12 organizing themes and 50 basic themes; The comprehensive theme of skills has 4 organizing themes and 31 basic themes; Also, the overarching theme of the organization manager has 3 organizing themes and 24 basic themes, and finally the inclusive theme of digital leadership has 2 organizing themes and 12 basic themes.

The identified soft components of digital transformation indicate that for success in digital transformation, organizations rely on the management of the organization as the one who steers the ship of the organization, and it is also the digital leader who inspires the passion for digital transformation. It creates in people and becomes the pioneer and driver of this transformation in the organization, and by creating a suitable culture, it paves the way for digital transformation. All of these factors are fruitful along with people and their skills; Therefore, an organization that is equipped with all these soft components can claim success in the field of digital transformation.

Every corporation continuously seeks to achieve its predetermined goals. In this regard, the corporation defines its strategy as achieving its goals. In this direction, essential questions are faced by corporations. Questions such as whether the business is moving toward achieving predetermined goals. How can the movement of the business towards its goals be improved? How does each business component play a role in achieving the goals? Sometimes more fundamental questions arise for the corporation. Questions such as whether the purposes of the business are correctly defined. Is the strategy adopted by the business appropriate? In order to answer these questions, businesses constantly check their path towards their goals by using performance evaluation models. Performance evaluation, through clarifying the performance of the business in moving towards the goals, helps managers and other stakeholders to identify the business's strengths and weaknesses, evaluate the business's success in various functional areas and take appropriate measures to correct the deficiencies. Despite numerous studies on performance evaluation and the different models to measure a corporation's performance, there is no clear conceptual framework for performance evaluation in corporations. This has led to the fact that the available performance evaluation models do not comprehensively cover different dimensions of organizational performance. Also, this makes designing new models or choosing from existing models a challenging decision. Therefore, a conceptual framework for performance evaluation is needed in management accounting to clarify the dimensions and characteristics of an appropriate performance evaluation model. The main question of this research is to recognize the phenomenon of performance evaluation and identify the components of the conceptual framework of performance evaluation to be considered as a basis for developing and evaluating performance evaluation models. 

This research has presented the conceptual framework of performance evaluation and the requirements of performance evaluation models using the qualitative research method of grounded theory. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with experts in this field with epistemic and performative expertise. The theoretical sampling method has been used in this research. Also, the interviewees were selected using the snowball method. Sampling and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Theoretical saturation was achieved by conducting 16 interviews. 

The resulting conceptual framework first identifies the drivers that led to the emergence of the performance evaluation phenomenon. These drivers include intra-organizational and extra-organizational drivers. Extra-organizational drivers have competition and the complexity of the business environment, and intra-organizational drivers include performance control, planning and budgeting, motivating and rewarding employees, and identifying opportunities for performance improvement. All drivers are summarized in better decision-making for optimal resource allocation. In the next step, the performance evaluation master plan is presented in three sections: goal setting, performance measures setting, and evaluation and reporting.The goal-setting section determines what the organization is looking for and what information requirements the performance evaluation system should answer. The goal-setting section involves identifying the goals and strategies of the organization and its implementation plans, as well as identifying users of performance evaluation information and their requirements. Identifying the users of the performance evaluation system and their information needs is integral to the goal-setting section. Performance evaluation has different business users, including the board of directors, CEO, senior executive managers, department managers, and company employees. The nature of the work of these groups is different so they will have additional information requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately identify the users of the performance evaluation system and their information requirements.The performance measures setting is the section in which performance measures are defined based on the goal-setting section and factors, including organizational levels, period, criteria, tools, and performance dimensions. Based on the presented conceptual framework, the relationship between performance measures is identified after determining the performance measures, and a quantitative quota is determined for each of them. In addition, performance measures are weighted based on their importance. Performance measures should be transparent and understandable for evaluators and users of the performance evaluation system and communicated to all evaluators from the beginning.The evaluation and reporting stage includes performance evaluation by comparing the actual performance and the quota of performance measures and reporting and informing the results. In this conceptual framework, the consequences of the performance evaluation systems as well as the factors affecting them, are presented. The consequences of performance evaluation can be favorable or unfavorable. In this regard, limiting creativity, a negative sense of control, and creating a sense of employee discrimination are undesirable consequences of performance evaluation. Improving performance, improving the evaluation and reward system, and identifying weaknesses and strengths are the desirable consequences of performance evaluation. Factors affecting the performance evaluation master plan include organizational culture, level of organizational maturity, and the performance appraiser. 

It should be noted that the information needs of the managers inherently influence management accounting. Since factors such as business environment, organizational culture, management style, etc., are different in different organizations, the information needs of managers in organizations are different. Therefore, a single performance evaluation model cannot be used. The conceptual framework presented in this study has identified macro factors of performance evaluation so that researchers and activists in management accounting can design and implement their own appropriate performance evaluation models based on this conceptual framework. Furthermore, this proposed conceptual framework and its checklist can be used as a criterion for reviewing the completeness of existing performance evaluation models and their implementation plans.In Iran, attention has recently been increasing to management accounting and its techniques. Performance evaluation is also emerging as one of the critical areas of management accounting in Iranian organizations. The results of this research can be helpful in the development of performance evaluation in Iran's business environment based on scientific studies.

Rural development as a goal or development strategy is emphasized by policy and planning systems in many countries. To achieve this goal, it is important to pay attention to the content and procedural principles of planning (rural development) based on theoretical-experimental literature and the attitude of experts at different spatial levels, including the rural constellation. The present research has been done with the aim of providing a conceptual framework for planning the development of the rural constellation based on the viewpoints of experts. The research method is qualitative and exploratory based on interpretive approach. Also, the approach of content analysis (qualitative) has been used. The participants of the research were university experts, executive and local authorities. The sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation and the purposeful sampling method was used to select the participants. Data collection was done using documentary and field methods, form and semi-structured interview checklist. To analyze the data, the open, axial and selective coding technique was used in the Atlas TI software environment. Based on the findings, protection of limited natural-ecological resources, human-social capital, pseudo-endogenous rural economy, spatial justice, spatial integration and good rural governance were content principles, and integration, local community participation, spatiality, gradualism and simultaneity of preparation and implementation are the principles of the process that have formed the conceptual framework of planning the development of the rural system.

Service ecosystem is a broad concept that has been considered by researchers in the last decade, but little effort has been made to conceptualize it so far. The purpose of this research is to expand the understanding of service ecosystem research fields. Also, it is the recognition of the knowledge base of service ecosystems that can be useful for policy makers and researchers. The methodology is one of the systematic review qualitative research methods, namely the bibliometric analysis method, which has been used. This research is classified as descriptive research; Because the purpose of bibliometric research is to describe and expand the scope of knowledge. Data collection is done using quantitative and qualitative tools such as co-citation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis with the help of BibExcel software. The studied community is the Scopus information resource system, which has been considered from the beginning of 2004 to the end of 2021. The research findings show the conceptual development of issues in service ecosystems over time by providing a conceptual framework that has received little attention so far. These concepts include service ecosystem Antecedents (prior experience, user attitude, and service readiness), service ecosystem levels (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem), and finally, service ecosystem outcomes (social approaches, systematic value co-creation, and performance) that propose a forward-looking research framework for policy-makers, and researchers.