جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « زنان » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The identity of each person is different and special, Like his fingerprint. People shape society with their different identities. These identities make the culture as a whole. When a sociery has a rich culture,it ,means that the identity of the people of that society has stability and high value. The foundation of this identity and culture is rooted in family and mother (a woman). So a woman causes the processing of healthy personality and identity, and cultural richness.The collective identity of indivduals forms the isentity of the commumtiy, and the identiy-making culture affects people. Characters are indicators of the realities of the realities of the society in which we live,and “gender”is one of the main elements that make up the character.Creativity is a natural characteristic of women, therefore, the role of women in identity-making is evident in all fields. Therefore, in this article, attention is paid to the identification of women in The Sacred Defense.Keywords: character, defense, war,women, identity, fighter.

Women's political participation has different levels.One ofthe most important of them is the participation of elite women in political affairs.In order to understand this participation,one should pay attention to various factors, and also consider its different types in order to provide a more accurate analysis.This participation goes beyond merely participating in elections and voting rights or participating in political activities.Presence in the political elite(in this study,the Islamic Council)is very important for measuring women's political participation.In this research,this type of participation, considering the patriarchal model of the revolution,which is aimed at analyzing the situation of women after the Islamic revolution,has been measured and by using the comparative method,the three important components of this theory,namely"patriarchy","inequality"and"housekeeping"will be adapted to the situation of women's political participation. The findings of the research show that despite the expansion of women's presence in society, especially at the elite level (due to the increase in the level of education and employment), the presence of women at the political elite level and their participation at this level has not expanded much. Therefore, the components of the mentioned theory do not correspond to reality in the general situation of women, but it applies to the level of women's political participation.

Salafi-jihadi groups are among the extreme Islamist currents that adhere to a specific interpretation of Islam. Considering the increasing importance of gender violence in jihadist Salafi groups that claim to be Islamic, understanding the operational and symbolic role of women is very important to deal with the threat of these groups at the global level. Women are not only disproportionately victimized in modern conflicts, but also play an important role in the tactical operations of Salafi-jihadi groups. Salafi-jihadi groups' attitudes towards the role of women have evolved from support activities in the front lines to active participation on the battlefield. This evolution has reached from preparing weapons, providing food for fighters, nursing the wounded and spreading the jihadi ideology to recruiting new members, to the real participation of women in jihadi operations on the battlefield or carrying out suicide bombing operations. These developments are in conflict with the ideological principles of these groups; Therefore, we are faced with this main question: what is the attitude of jihadist Salafi groups towards the role of women in jihad? The findings of the research show that the attitude of these groups towards the role of women is changing from a traditional role to an active and radical role. This change in some cases depends on different conditions and strategies. The author is trying to analyze the details of the change in the role of women in jihadist Salafi groups and also the contradictions in this field with descriptive-analytical method.

Women, as the most effective member of society, who is the largest share of the domestic administration of the family as a social unit, play the most important role in the education and development of the community, and because of the particular role they play in creation, to the internal capital. This research is a library and documentary documentary on secondary data and is a descriptive research method in the category of development research. Women are an important part of providing capital in the public sector. In most human societies, employment rates and women's participation are low. We need to know that women's participation in the public sector, especially at management and decision -making levels, must provide conditions for women to know their abilities. Achieving the goals of organizations and its follow up to the growth and development of societies in various fields requires a better and more presence of women and men in the field.

Women are always considered to be one of the most important and influential groups in Iranian society, and they have had a significant role and participation in Iran's political and social developments, especially in the constitutional movement, the victory of the Islamic Revolution, and the holy defense. . In this regard, the statements and thoughts of Imam Khomeini (RA) as a first-class Islamic jurist who has a correct understanding of the position of women in Islam, are of great importance in analyzing and better explaining the role and position of women in this field. has Therefore, the following article, by using the descriptive-analytical and documentary method (Imam Khomeini's statements), seeks to answer the question, what are the characteristics of the defense discourse of the Islamic Revolution, emphasizing the participation of women in defense affairs? The results of the research indicate that in the defense discourse of the Islamic Revolution based on the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA), women are one of the most important groups who play a very important role in the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the holy defense as much as men and even more than men. have had The most important roles that exist in the defense discourse of the Islamic Revolution in relation to the role and participation of women in the sacred defense are: the role of relief and treatment, support, the spirit of martyrdom, educational and emotional role, material and financial support, combat role - Operation, and women's sacrifice.

One crucial aspect of political development is social participation, particularly the involvement of women in politics. The objective of this research is to address the following fundamental question: What are the indicators and roles of identity-related actions in women's political engagement? The research is based on the hypothesis that women's participation in elections is significantly linked to the structural and identity frameworks of Iranian women. To investigate this, a mixed-method approach was utilized, and the findings were analyzed using regression analysis and step-by-step processes involving individual, identity, and structural v  ariables. The results reveal that women's political engagement has increased following the Islamic Revolution. Political participation during this period indicates a significant correlation between female identity frameworks and their involvement in politics. Out of the 14 variables examined, the most influential factors on political identity, and subsequently political engagement, were individual identity, gender identity, future orientation, and age.

The issue of the social role of women in the imposed war has different dimensions and fields of study that have been neglected publicly over time. The current research focuses on the activism of women nurses in war zones with the aim of expressing the unsaid, paying attention to the importance of their professional performance and producing local knowledge in the field of motherhood studies, focusing on their experience of motherhood.
Data were collected and qualitatively analyzed through library studies and interviews with nurses. Their lived experiences were categorized in to two groups: motherhood at risk and divided motherhood. The agency of women in performing timely treatment and patient clinical care, both as a job duty and as a volunteer, has shown a priority to play a professional role despite the pressures of fulfilling the role of a mother during active motherhood and implies a conscious choice and activism in a dangerous situation. Having social responsibility towards the warriors and wounded civilians, social support of family and colleagues, including the major dependents of mother-nurses experience. The pressure caused by the multiplicity of roles, as well as the burden of the role, has resulted in exorbitant psychological and physical consequences both during the occurrence and in the form of chronic illnesses in the following years.
However, how mothering beyond imagination and guidelines of motherhood ideology as a social structure is influenced by the vision and discursive values of holy defense is the important findings of this research.

This article examines the political participation of women in the countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia (between 2000 and 2020) in the theoretical framework of power circuits and with a comparative approach and with a descriptive-analytical method. The hypothesis of the research is that from the perspective of the meta-theory of the circuits of power, the ruling social forces in the country of Saudi Arabia through the channel of legislative institutions and the determination of rules and regulations, as well as through the mechanism of the current political culture in their society and involved organizations such as parties. In political socialization, they have tried to limit the desire of women to participate more in their societies, but in Iran, with the emphasis of upper-level documents and legal procedures, there is more tolerance towards the expansion of women's participation. The results indicate that women's efforts against the restrictions have led to movements and rules and procedures that have achieved minimum participation for women in these two countries. Of course, women's political participation in Iran has had a different form and has been wider due to more progressive interpretations and ijtihads than in Saudi Arabia.

One of the issues that has become very important in recent months is the role of women and girls in various fields of social life. Today, Iranian women and girls play an important role in various economic, political, social and cultural fields. In the meantime, one of the most important factors underlying such progress in society is the role of women. In the past, Iranian women did not have these facilities due to the existence of many problems and limitations, but today their role has been increasing. Historically, it can be said that one of the first steps in the development of women in Iran was during the Qajar period, during which women made a lot of efforts to reach an important position in the society. And since having literacy and education is one of the necessary conditions to fulfill this role, so they tried to develop it. This article seeks to answer the question of what role do women and girls play in the development of Iran in various economic, political, social and cultural fields? In response to this question, the author has proposed the hypothesis that women play a significant role in the development of Iran in a descriptive-analytical way. Also, the findings of the research show that according to the indicators of health, education, social participation, etc., Iranian women have a decisive presence in various political, social, cultural fields, etc., and in much better conditions. Compared to most developing countries, they are regional and Islamic.

Researchers have always pointed out the patriarchal views ruling the society as the main reason for women's lack of political participation. Dealing with mental schemas can help to understand the views of people of any society, towards themselves or others. By examining these types of schemas, one can better understand the reasons for the low presence of women in political arenas. Since the time of the constitution, the issue of women's presence in the society has been raised and many male and female poets have entered into various political issues including women's participation. The present study evaluates the poems of this group of poets and examines their mental schemas regarding women's political participation. This research is descriptive-analytical and data analysis is based on thematic analysis method.And the personal mental schemas of male poets (women's activeness and women's passiveness) were examined with the female poets' own mental schemas (from another perspective and from their own perspective). Contrasting and similar schemas between these two strata were identified. The findings show that most of the male poets paid deep attention to the participation of women in the country's political affairs and believed in the active presence of women in the administration of the country's affairs.But female poets, while demanding all kinds of personal, social and political rights for women, have considered the female gender worthless from the eyes of men. It seems that the reason for the lack of political participation of women can be found in this factor.

The current research aims to investigate the approach of the Women's Convention as well as Iran's domestic laws to the issue of women's human rights, by using a qualitative method based on collecting information from library sources (documents) and the analytical-descriptive method, and aims to answer the question that the Women's Convention and Also, what is the approach of Iran's domestic laws to women's human rights and how have the examples of these rights appeared in the aforementioned legal sources? The findings of this study indicate that legal conflicts in the fields of citizenship, women's residence and housing, family rights, cultural rights, right to employment, right to inheritance, political rights (right to be elected), legal capacity, equality before the law and so on.It can be seen between Iran's laws and the provisions of the Women's Convention, which is mainly due to differences in interpretations and the existence of some legal ambiguities; These conflicts have caused the Islamic Republic of Iran not to join the United Nations Convention on Women, and this non-adherence has fueled claims that this country is a "violator of women's rights"; However, the claim raised has not had a significant legal basis and influence in international forums and courts, but what is trying to make this claim appear more legal are political bases and factors such as the influence of the West against Iran, a political and selective approach to the category. Human rights in Iran are anti-Islamism and the West's stubbornness towards Iran,

Certain and accepted patterns prevailed in the political and cultural life system of Muslims in the pre-modern era, which generally underwent changes with the arrival of the new era in the 19th century and the active action of the colonists. Central Asia was part of the extensive Islamic lands that experienced such a process. Parts of this vast geography were annexed to Russia with the dissolution of a part of the political structure and the formation of the General Governorate of Turkestan and two other political units of the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Khiva were also preserved in the form of protectorate powers. In more than half a century of Russian presence, they implemented the policy of Russification in order to make changes in various political, social, cultural and even political geography fields and finally adapt the region to the empire.Research Question: The ambiguity that forms in the mind during the study of the historical documents of this period is that, unlike many social and cultural contexts in Central Asia, family status and women's lives experienced little change and very little experience of modern change under Tsarist Russia.The above ambiguity becomes more important when we know that in the general process of the entry of the Muslim word into the modern world order and the entry of colonial countries into them, in general, there have been changes in the social and political actions of women and the passivity of women in Central Asia or the lack of change in their lives is not compatible with the current trend in other Islamic lands, including Iran and Egypt. Based on this duality (incidence of changes in most fields and lack of change in women's lives) , the question of this article is designed in such a way that why the life of women in Central Asia and family-state relations do not change much during the presence of Tsarist Russia in the region?Research Hypothesis: We believe that the lack of change in women's lives in Central Asia is because the Tsarist Empire, as an Eastern power, has recently been influenced by the flow of Western modernity, as well as the continuation of cultural traditionalism in its society, so in the field of women, it has behaved differently compared to Europe.

What seemed necessary in the rest of the article to find the answer to this problem was to provide a definition of the concept of change, that is, what do we mean when we talk about the occurrence of change or its non-occurrence? Using the theory of Guy Rocher 's social change, we found this indicator that to examine a particular community, when a behavior has clearly changed over time, we can talk about change and this difference has continued and effects on the construction or tasks of the social organization and changing its flow. According to this definition of change, the current article (with a qualitative method and a descriptive-analytical approach and data collection from historical documents) while describing the two currents of conservative and Russian radicalism and their attitude towards women, deals with the evolution in this field.

Our research findings show that unlike many political and social fields, the definition of the world of women in Russia shows many similarities and commonalities with the social life of Muslim women in Central Asia, and it can be clearly seen in many surviving works from this period of Russian history. Despite all the ups and downs in this approach and despite reaching the peak of power and adopting modernist policies by some tsars (such as Peter the Great and Catherine), in general, this traditional view was preserved to a large extent, so that such an approach is fully reflected in literary works that are the manifestation of social life. In the 19th century, right at the time of advancement and the peak of domination over Central Asia, although this traditional view was slightly broken by the Western trend and changes occurred in Russia in the field of women's lives, the duality of traditionalists and modernists and their ideological competition has still kept its shadow on this issue. Therefore, we are witnessing the lack of alignment in policy making in women's life and the ineffectual pressures of Russian Westerners in Central Asia.The result of this was that during half a century of the presence of Tsarist Russia in Central Asia, the Tsarist authorities could not implement a coherent and unified policy to change the living environment of women and the family state.

By returning to the theory of "Guy Roche" we conclude that the definition he had as a social scientist of social change and the indicators he expressed for a change, cannot be found in the context of Russia's colonial practice of women in Central Asia. The answer we got at the end of the research can be summarized as follows: " The predominance of the traditional discourse in Russia about women and the divergence of the two currents of Westernism and the Slavophilic attitude towards women have caused inconsistency in the policy of Russians in this field.  Therefore, unlike other fields, there have been no lasting and extensive changes in this field.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the role and importance statesmanlike positions in women's political empowerment around the world. For this purpose, the representation of women in executive and legislative political positions has been studied and analyzed worldwide with an international approach from the past few decades to today. The research method used in this article is descriptive and data collection is done using library tools and internet resources. The results of the research show that there is a reciprocal relationship between women statesmanlike positions and their political empowerment, that is, on the one hand, female political office holders give motivation and self-confidence to other women to enter political activities and competitions and empower them, and on the other hand, Political empowerment of women encourages them to work in political and social fields. In addition, increasing the representation of women in executive and legislative political positions will lead to political stability, political legitimacy, equality, social welfare and effective governance; Therefore, most of the world's political and social thinkers continue to insist on the necessity and importance of women's presence in politics in such a way that the United Nations has made the improvement of gender equality and women's empowerment the third main goal for the development of the millennium. Based on the statistical data of the current research, there is hope that women can empower themselves politically and improve their current position by holding political (administrative) positions.

Using the descriptive-analytical method, the present article investigated the consequences of the American military campaign on the Iraqi people based on aggressive realism, and raised the question of what economic, political and social consequences this invasion had on the Iraqi people?In response to the question, this hypothesis was raised that it seems that the US has inflicted a lot of economic and social damage on the Iraqi people by attacking Iraq in pursuit of its own interests and by emphasizing the concentration of power and ensuring energy security The findings of the research show that first of all, the fall of the Baath regime not only caused Iraq to enter a new stage of instability and especially the power vacuum situation in the center,yes,different countries tried to expand their influence in this country in pursuit of their regional goals and national security. and prevent the increase of the influence of their competitors in Iraq. Ethnic gaps have widened in levels. Thirdly, the war and internal conflicts in Iraq not only intensified the widespread deprivation of Iraqi women at all levels of public and social life, but also increased poverty, migration of elites, closure of schools and destruction of historical buildings

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between women's political indifference (as a dependent variable) and background variables (age, education, marriage, employment, religion, ethnicity, income, language or dialect, and place of residence) which is addressed in this article. and it was assumed that there is a significant relationship between all these background variables and political indifference (as a dependent variable) among Shahin Shahr women.Based on the method of data collection, it is a survey-causal research from the branch of field research, and the statistical population consists of 388 women over the age of 18 in Shahin Shahr city, through random sampling, using a questionnaire tool consisting of 91 questions, which data analysis, It has been calculated using SPSS software.According to the results obtained from the simultaneous multiple regression analysis method, it was found that there are political differences between the background variables (age, education, marriage, employment, religion, ethnicity, income, language or dialect, and place of residence) among the women of Shahin Shahr. No significant relationship was found.

The purpose of this research is to investigate how the image of Iranian women is reflected in foreign travelogues. Foreign tourists have provided important information about the social conditions of Iranian society in their travelogues. Therefore, studying these texts as one of the most significant sources in the field of anthropology and social history can help us to better understand the role and position of women in the life and social life of Iranians. This study is a descriptive and analytical research, which uses library sources to examine how women are represented in travelogues. The findings of the research indicate that although some reports indicate the weak and inferior role and position of women compared to men, many reports also indicate that women play an equal and sometimes superior role in They have had a significant presence and role in different social, economic and political fields. Therefore, it seems analyzes that emphasize the patriarchal rule and gender inequality in the culture and history of Iranian society by adopting a macroscopic and generalist approach can be viewed with doubt.

This article has studied the development programs and performance of the vice presidency for women and family affairs until the end of the 12th government to answer the question of what role these programs and their main agent have played in women's political empowerment? The mentioned article uses Sarah Lange's empowerment theory. The research method is qualitative and with a causal approach, and the data has been collected and analyzed, as per development plans law and its performance report, the report of international institutions in the field of women and the track record of the vice Presidency for women and family affairs. The findings show that these programs were Completed and implemented mostly in order to increase the structural opportunities to improve the legal status of women, with a special interpretation of gender justice, due to the lack of power in Iranian women to benefit from the created opportunities, they have not been able to make a significant impact on the status of women. In such a situation, it seems that the application of the five stages of empowerment proposed by Sara Lange, which instead of legal structural changes, emphasizes more on women's agency and changes in economic conditions along with skill-based training, can be a better way to improve the status of womenandIt should be their socio-political empowerment because it is more compatible with Iran's conditions by rejecting feminist views and helps to localize empowerment in Iran.

Political participation can be considered as a basic need for citizens in all political systems. A review of the role of women in the history of contemporary Iran shows how important, sensitive and challenging the issue of their political participation was and is. The main question of this research is: What are the effective factors and challenges in women's political participation? The hypothesis that is raised following the mentioned question: Women's political participation in Iran suffers from cultural, social and psychological obstacles more than it faces political structural obstacles. The obtained results show that some of these barriers and inhibiting factors have been reproduced by women themselves and have led to their political passivity. In addition, it is by increasing political awareness and political decision-making that we can hope to empower women in the field of politics and society. In this regard, strengthening education and awareness can contribute more to women's employment and thus reduce the obstacles to women's political participation. The innovation of this article is in the mutual relationship that it establishes between the factors and obstacles of women's political participation in the field of politics. The research method in this article is a descriptive-analytical method and the sources and documents were collected based on the library method.

Despite efforts to increase women's participation in social and sometimes political spheres in various societies, including Iran ،women still play a small role in Iran's political power pyramid and women's political participation at the elite level have key obstacles..Therefore, this research intended to provide policy solutions tries to explore and study the most important obstacles to women's access to political-executive positions in the IR with a descriptive-analytical method and using the technique of referring to theoretical sources and qualitative interviews with political elites and relevant experts. The findings showed that obstacles to women's access to political-executive positions are patriarchal perceptions by shaping the political area  and decreased women's political self-confidence and experience.