commitment

Ethics and law share important characteristics. Both are norm-based and specify how things should be. Moral principles are fundamental values that are accepted by the majority of the society based on knowledge of norms and beliefs. Good faith is a moral concept that invites people to do good deeds with good intentions and prevents them from bad intentions and evil actions. Morality belongs to the family of adjectives such as fairness, trust, loyalty, honesty, sincerity, etc. Today, this moral value has gained a great position in the field of laws and social rules and has led the legislators to draft laws based on good intentions. Therefore, in the present research, the researchers tried to discuss the reflection of ethics in Iranian law in the context of the place of ethics and good faith in contract implementation.

The effect of ethics on the legal status of individuals and especially on contracts is a debate that currently occupies the content of many legal articles and books. Ethical execution of the contract is a requirement of the agreement, and unethical behavior is incompatible with the binding principle of the contract, and on this basis, the principle of respect for contracts should always be considered and investigated in connection with the rule of ethics. Therefore, not only the obligee of the contract must have good faith and ethics in the execution of the contract, but each of the contractors must try his part to fulfill the obligations in the best way. In fact, the rule of necessity of ethics in the execution of the contract is the result of the connection between law and ethics, and according to this connection, both parties must behave ethically towards each other and demand the execution of the contract accordingly.

Contractual relations between persons are under the rule of laws and Shariah, the text of the contract and customs, and the disputes of the parties are settled based on these sources. Ethics in contracts can be examined from two aspects. First, ethics as a legal source to be cited by the judge in issuing a decision, and second, ethics by each of the parties in contractual relations that must be practiced. Although the execution time is not one of the basic elements and reasons for the formation of an obligation, just as its absence is not considered as an obstacle and the obligation is correct with these characteristics, but the problem is that the jurists are unknown, hesitant, uncertain, the ambiguity of the execution time, even the delegation of authority. The time of execution to the obligee is considered invalid based on paragraph 2 of Article 233 and Article 401 of BC due to the spread of "ignorance to other parties" and the creation of "gharar". Whereas, the above articles do not imply invalidity not only by verifying the intention and identifying the issue of the obligation, but also along with other factors and tools to verify the time of implementation, the time of the obligation can be determined and the liquidation of the obligation should be considered only limited to the external factor. As the international documents in question (Convention on the International Sale of Goods, Principles of European Contract Law, Principles of International Commercial Contracts and Common Reference Framework Plan) are like this. With new arguments, while examining the role of time in commitment, the present research discusses the effect of its lack in commitment and seeks to prove that the performance time that can be determined from the commitment and the performance time that can be determined with the help of the new interpretation, are similar to the performance time effects. It is determined by the obligation that under these conditions, the obligation is based and in case of violation of the obligation, the obligee can resort to the obligee for any of the compensation methods, unless a serious external factor occurs during the execution of the obligation, which in these conditions or during the life of the obligee is terminated or, contrary to the opinion of jurists, it is justified by good faith and fair behavior and the obligation is adjusted.

Force majeure refers to an unforeseeable, uncontrollable, and out-of-control incident that cannot be attributed to the intended person. From an ethical point of view, a necessary condition for being responsible for the consequences of a subject is the voluntary performance of the act. For this reason, the authority of Cairo makes it impossible or difficult to execute a contract. With the emergence of topical issues such as widespread diseases such as what emerged in the Corona pandemic, the discussion of the power of Cairo and the exceptions it imposes on obligations has also spread to the moral field. Therefore, the present study has investigated the ethical bases of the exceptions of the Cairo Authority from affecting obligations during the period of widespread diseases.

The exceptions of Cairo's authority in pandemic conditions are different from its exceptions in snooping transactions, stolen property, derived from Balsam. In the discussion of the exceptions of Cairo's authority in pandemic conditions, these exceptions can be achieved based on the moral principles of guilt and voluntary and optional performance of the act. According to the ethical principles, exceptions apply to the authority of Cairo on obligations during the epidemic period, the most important of which is the issue of negligence and deception, and then the moral will to fulfill the obligation and honesty to fulfill the obligation after the epidemic period.

Songwriting or composition is the link between the art of music and literature and poetry, and songwriters are the link and the language of the sounds of music. In this research, which was done in a descriptive analytical manner and based on measurement and conclusion between the compositions of three famous songwriters (Ismail Nawab Safa, Bijan Taraghi and Houshang Ebtehaj); The aim was to recognize and study the poetic mission and commitment to moral principles and human values ​​in poetic elements such as thought, language and music, imagination and emotion in the compositions and songs of these songwriters.

The purpose of the song in this research; It is a literary and imaginative text and word that is written on the melodies of composers and the song is not meant in the specialized sense of literary genres. In this study, intellectual differences were seen between Ebtehaj and Nawab Safa songs and progress in the field of thinking. Nawab Safa and Taraghi, and after them, Ebtehaj, had popularized a kind of song / drama or storytelling in a songwriter that was in a naturalistic atmosphere and close to the style of social symbolism. Themes of Nawab Safa and Taraghi songs; Love and lover and natural elements such as fire and caravan, hunter and cage; Tears and loneliness, etc. But the themes of Ebtehaj songs were revolution, victory, bullets, blood, martyrdom and love. Their goal is to calm the people, while maintaining and relying on the traditional values ​​of the Iranian religious community, to observe moral etiquette such as democracy and appeasement, etc. in a missionary and committed style in that turbulent situation.

Folk beliefs include myths, stories, poems, music, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs about luck and sore eyes, mother lullabies, indigenous carols, mirrors, rituals and traditions, and are always full of spirit. With tyranny and blackness and perseverance against oppression. The themes in the folk poems of Khuzestan about the war express the background of oral literature, culture, history, geography and the birth of committed and committed poetry that shows the resistance and stability of the people of this region during the war. The most important purpose of this study is to find ethical components such as commitment in oral literature and folklore related to the war in Khuzestan province.

Khuzestan poetry and its literature are related to its unique environment. The poetry of this region, due to the climatic affiliations of the poets, has many indigenous elements that confront us with a special type of poetry that by examining it, on the one hand, we can become more familiar with the indigenous elements of Khuzestan and on the other hand We become a special poetic style in which each poet composes poems based on his own spirits and incorporates climatic elements into his poetry with a certain elegance. Considering that Khuzestan province, as the center and cradle of stability and resistance during the war, is imposed, the poems and popular literature of this province are undoubtedly influenced by the holy war and defense, and by looking at these poems, we find that they are full of moral components. Because they are commitment.

Responsibility literally means to be obligated or committed to do something. Duty refers to something that is legally or customarily incumbent on someone. Homework also means burdening someone with hard work and suffering. Commitment means taking on a job as well as making a covenant. Right also means share and share. Each of these words is somehow related to each other. For example, unless someone has a duty, he will not be responsible for doing it or not, and he will not be held accountable. The word homework is also associated with responsibility and duty; Because in all three cases, something is the responsibility of the person that its implementation is necessary and obligatory.Naturally, a person's divine human personality and his or her faith beliefs will play a key role in commitment and fulfillment of extraterritorial duties. In the present article, using a descriptive-analytical method and based on qualitative content analysis, the role of the individual's spiritual and doctrinal personality in the commitment to fulfill duties and contracts has been explained and ambiguities have been answered in this regard.

Market orientation refers to a type of modern marketing that emphasizes the creation of continuous value for customers and buyers. This research was conducted with the aim of presenting a new model of market orientation with an emphasis on moral implications.

The present study was applied and part of mixed research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population included Ramak managers and specialists in the qualitative section and all employees of Ramak Dairy Products Company in Fars province in the quantitative section. The sample size in the qualitative section was estimated to be 15 people using targeted sampling and in the quantitative section using random sampling of 291 people. Data collection tools were qualitative, interview and quantitative, researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze qualitative data, the content analysis method was used and in a small part, confirmatory factor analysis was used.

The results identified 19 components and 90 indicators. Other results showed that external factors with a path coefficient of 0.46 had a greater effect on market orientation than internal factors with a coefficient of 0.39.

11 components of internal factors affecting market orientation including senior management emphasis, manager risk-taking, conflict, inter-sectoral communication, structure, market-based reward system, marketers' specialized knowledge, citizenship behavior, marketing culture, marketing and innovation capability and 4 components of external factors Influences on market orientation included market turmoil, competition, technological dynamism, and market intelligence. Finally, 4 components including commitment, satisfaction, employee solidarity and customer loyalty were considered as ethical consequences of market orientation

One of the most important challenges for today's effective managers is how to ‎create suitable sub-bases for human factors for developing ethical and citizenship behaviors in ‎an organization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethical ‎values and the incidence of ethical behaviors and citizenship with respect to the role of ‎mediation of justice and organizational commitment.‎

The research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consist ‎of 946 employees of Telecommunication Company of Tehran province, and a sample of 274 ‎people was selected using Morgan's table. They were selected by simple random sampling ‎method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the ‎questionnaire was evaluated by experts through an experimental and confirmatory factor ‎analysis method, and its reliability was calculated and validated by Cranbach's alpha coefficient‎‎ (0.84). The hypothesis test was conducted using Pearson correlation and structural equations.‎

There is a positive relationship between the ethical values of the organization with the ‎mediation of justice and organizational commitment and the appearance of ethical behaviors in ‎the organization. There is a positive and direct relationship between the ethical values of the ‎organization with the mediation of organizational commitment and incidence of organizational ‎citizenship behaviors. There is a positive and direct relation between ethical behaviors and ‎organizational citizenship behaviors. The relationship between organizational justice and the appearance of organizational ‎citizenship behaviors was not confirmed.‎

‎Creating ethical values in the organization will lead to ethical behaviors. Ethical values can also ‎be used as a tool for the development of citizenship behaviors.‎

The aim of this study was to evaluate the alignment of moral values and organizational communication that the study was conducted in Telecommunication Infrastructure Company. Since no study has been done on the alignment of moral values and organizational communication ¡ This study could reveal alignment moral values with organizational communication. Statistical Society is Managers and employees of Telecommunication Infrastructure Company¡ which according to the sample of 284 people were selected for sampling. The research method is survey. Data were collected through questionnaires and The research questionnaires¡ including questionnaires Huntetal (1989)¡ Syngapkdy et al. (1996) and residents (1394) is used. The validity of the questionnaire was given to a number of specialists and senior managers and reached to confirm them and The Reliability of SPSS software through Cronbach test of reliability was demonstrated. The findings also showed¡ In the official relations only component in the ethical values of responsibility creates a direct and significant relationship and In informal relations components of commitment¡ fairness¡ responsibility and participation in a direct and significant relationship creates moral values and It was determined by regression analysis ¡ There is a alignment moral values and organizational communication.

This paper investigates the method of self-commitment for fostering values. One of methods which can be used for perishing values is the method of self-command which is based on the Qur’an and narrations. Although the self dislikes to hold on a certain value, but it is made to do it, so that the value may take form and become one’s existence. This research, referring to the Qur’an and narrations, deals with some of the areas of values education, such as; values of worship, as well as moral, economic, family, social and political values.

The issue of the truth of faith, its characteristics and consequences is one of the most pivotal subjects of theology. Explanation and scrutiny of this subject can play a significant role in correction of the theoretical viewpoints and beliefs of man.Moreover, it practically serves a substantial role in correcting the behavior and actions of man. With reference to the works of Allameh Tabatabai, especially Al-Mizan commentary, the present paper tries to examine his views on the subject. In this investigation, at first his definitions of the truth of faith are explained briefly, and then the elements included in these definitions are discussed under some rubrics. So that his view of the elements of the inherent nature and structure of faith is clarified. Following that, some of the features of faith such as its being optional, the stages and degrees of faith, and its capacity to increase or decrease are reviewed, and then some of the important outcomes of faith, such as the relationship between faith and practice, the relationship between faith and Islam and morality will be explored and investigated.

Nowadays, using business intelligence systems by organizations has turned into a competitive advantage and a necessary means for decision-making. Recognition of the factors which effect business intelligence in an organization will lead to a more successful management and safer investment. This research aims at investigating the relationship between the dimensions of labour ethics in an organization and the levels of maturity of business intelligence systems. So a research in a kind of causal–survey was conducted on employees from 37 organizations of different industries which use business intelligence systems. The statistical population includes 465 managers and employees who were randomly chosen. Geranjeri’s test Variance’s analysis test was used for testing the hypotheses. Among the research results which are worth mentioning are the existence of a one-sided causal relation and effect of moral issues including preserving ownership, commitment, confidentiality and responsibility on the level of the maturity of business intelligence systems.

The structural and cultural developments in modern societies have increased the scale of individual's sexual satisfaction and brought problems to the function of the family in regulating sexual behavior. The main question that arises here is: how can men and women respond to their sexual needs within the family framework under these conditions? What are the indicators of the function of regulating the sexual behavior in an ideal Muslims family? Regulating sexual behavior cannot be attained through a complex mental and emotional process. According to Islam, the process of sexual relation between wife and husband includes three things which have to do with sexual care, sexual drives, and intercourse. The indicators of regulating sexual behavior can be defined according to these three things. As indicators of individual's sexual satisfaction within the family framework emotional purity, sexual commitment, controlling one’s look, keeping dignity, observing veil by woman, elegance, sexual difference, optimism, and love are among the constituents inferred from religious sources.