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This research has been done in the framework of a qualitative approach and by applying the data research method of the foundation. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews and in order to collect information, 18 experts including university professors and experts and experts of the country's customs administration were interviewed using purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Based on that, a qualitative research model was designed. The results of the present study indicate the extraction of 369 open source code, 51 subcategories or concepts and 12 extraction categories and their characteristics were identified. In the form of a paradigm model including communication capital, human capital, structural capital as a central category and innovation and creativity, knowledge management as a causal condition, communication technology, theorists outside the organization as underlying factors, community conditions, individual factors to Interventional conditions, strategic plan, general policy as strategies and knowledge-based policy as consequences.

The green supply chain management model is to protect the environment, and companies can use it to reduce the negative environmental impacts according to the future and achieve the optimal use of resources and energy.

The purpose of this study is to identify and formulate a conceptual model of green supply chain management in the Petrochemical industry of Fars province using the qualitative method Grounded Theory.

The method of data collection is the study of documents and interviews with 20 experts aware of the subject under discussion, using the method of snowball sampling. The validity of this study was reviewed and confirmed by the interviewees and then expert professors. To analyze the data, continuous comparison method was used during three stages of open, axial, and selective coding, based on which a qualitative research model was designed.

The results of the present study indicate the extraction of 120 codes or basic concepts from interviews and 21 criteria in the form of a paradigm model with MAXQDA software including causal conditions (design of green processes, customers and other external institutions, green innovation), background conditions. (Drivers of green materials supply, implementation of waste management system, financial thoughts and costs of the organization), intervention conditions (environmental management approaches, green supply chain risks, green suppliers' capabilities, human resource management), phenomenon-based environmental factors Economic (operational performance), strategies (management, technology, economics, policy-making), outcomes (green supply chain enablers, credit enhancement, institutionalization of technology equipment and know-how, energy management and optimization).

This research was conducted to identify the components of marketing excellence in the aviation industry.

The current research was conducted with a qualitative approach and in-depth interviews with managers and industry experts. The participants in the research were selected through the purposeful sampling process, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Finally, 20 interviews were conducted, and the theme analysis method was used for data analysis.

The results of data coding led to the identification of 14 concepts and six categories, which include value creation, being a market driver, marketing efficiency, marketing learning, ethical marketing, and social responsibility, which are placed in three categories of market-oriented, company-oriented, and community-oriented components.

The components of marketing excellence, which are placed in three categories of market-oriented, company-oriented and society-oriented components, and the examples identified for each of them in the present research can be used both in marketing planning and in measuring the marketing performance of companies and a basis for comparing the performance of companies in the field be marketing.

Transportation and communication arteries have been the source of many positive and negative events throughout human history. Traffic accidents and the resulting injuries, which threaten the lives of many people around the world and annually about 1.2 million people in the world are killed in road accidents and more than 50 million people suffer serious injuries, including these events It is negative. The present study is in order to analyze the causes of the occurrence of these traffic accidents on the outskirts of cities in 1397 in the city of Mashhad.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research method (directional content analysis). The statistical population includes all the chiefs and deputies of police experts in accident affairs of the country, who were selected from 21 people based on snowball sampling. The method of gathering field information and its tools are in-depth semi-structured interviews to achieve theoretical saturation. Due to the quality of the work, the analysis method is simultaneously collected, encoded, compressed, isolated and summarized and encrypted. Then by creating the categories, the themes using the software version 18 Max. کیو.دی. It was calculated and analyzed.

Forecasting and prevention, comprehensive management, infrastructure, prevailing conditions in the suburbs and safety are the main causes of traffic accidents in the suburbs of Mashhad and in this regard, some suggestions were presented at the end.

Ecotourism is a sustainable strategy for earning revenues while preserving natural resources. Therefore, this study set out to provide a framework for developing ecotourism in Kermanshah province's target tourism villages using grounded theory. The required data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 20 experts who were selected through snowball sampling. The collected data were then analyzed in Maxqda12 software using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding approach, resulting in 433 codes, 124 concepts, 23 sub-categories, and 6 main categories. The main categories of the model included causal categories (participatory, economic, regional attractions and potentials, policy, social and cultural, managerial, infrastructure, ecotourism services and facilities, and the core category of ecotourism development), intervening categories (economic, managerial, and educational), strategic categories (economic and educational), and consequential categories (positive and negative economic consequences, and social, cultural and environmental consequences) were grouped together in a paradigmatic framework.

The present study was conducted to design a model of ecotourism development in Kermanshah province's target villages by quantitative-qualitative method. Qualitative data analysis was performed using maxqda12 software in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The method sample in the qualitative section was snowball and inclod 20 experts and in the quantitative section by cluster method with the help of Morgan table 384 persons (statistical population 530 thousand) were tourists and 336 persons (statistical population 2678 persons) were heads of households. The research tool was an interview and a researcher-made questionnaire derived from the qualitative phase of the research and background. Data analysis using Pls2 and Spss24 software showed that the model of Ecotourism development in the villages under study was appropriate. On the other hand, it was found that all the dimensions of the conceptual model of the research were extracted from the qualitative and literary studies of the research literature in order to measure the factors and had a good function in measuring these concepts. Multiple coefficient of determination for the main structural equation was 85.5%, indicating that the independent extrinsic variables of the study including economic, social and cultural factors, participation, attractions, management, policy making and infrastructure and ecological facilities were able to reach 85.5%. Anticipate the variations of ecological tourism development. Priority economic factor and socio-cultural factor, attractions, ecosystems infrastructure, participatory, managerial and policy making priorities are second to seventh respectively.

  Strategic alliances are commonly used in industries with high levels of technology and dynamism, including the automotive industry. The reasons for the high level of attractiveness of strategic alliances in the automotive industry are the industry's advanced structure and the ability to predict market demand and the importance of efficiency in high production volume in the industry. In the automotive industry, research and development is one of the most important sectors that is of great interest. R & D strategic alliance with the distribution of risk between the parties, the creation of learning environments, the transfer of knowledge and technology, and the management of heavy costs of research and development plays a critical role in today's competitive environment and the complex environment of the automotive industry. This alliance consists of three general stages of deployment, management, and evaluation. Since there is a deep research gap in the strategic alliance for R & D, this article seeks to provide a model for management of strategic alliances in research and development in the automotive industry. The present study aims to respond to the following question: “What factors are involved in the management of R & D alliance in the automotive industry?” and “what are the influential factors on the management of alliances?”

In this research, grounded theory was used to design the model. Judgmental and snowball sampling were used to find the experts in the automotive industry. After conducting ten interviews and taking into account logical theoretical sampling, theoretical saturation was achieved.

The characteristics of the automotive industry in Iran highlight the requirements for the formation of R & D strategic alliances and also confront barriers that need to be identified and eliminated to facilitate the formation of strategic alliances. One of the most important obstacles to the formation of strategic alliances is the weakness of the country's technical knowledge. Providing the appropriate conditions for the formation of such alliance involves a proper understanding of the strategic, motivational, legal and technical aspects of the issue which can reduce the management problems of the R & D alliances and facilitate the management of the situation. The transfer of technical knowledge in the strategic alliances of research and development has been one of the key issues that has always been taken into consideration by local experts, and perhaps this is one of the most important motivations for R & D alliance. In order to manage the alliance more efficiently, mutual trust is extremely important. Accountability, reliability and understanding of each party’s conditions are extractive concepts. The findings of this research show that cooperation with reliable local universities in general and industrial universities in particular has always been the subject of attention by internal managers to design different parts and particles. On the other hand, cooperation with automotive companies from other countries including Italy, Germany, Japan and South Korea has also been successful. Co-operation with the companies involved in the segmentation and supply chain has also been remarkable. Variables in the macroeconomic environment of the country, including the conditions of political stability or instability, the improvement of the complex economic situation, building trust for foreign parties, the supportive role of the government of the automotive industry, strategic alliances and cultural issues are considered as other important issues that can affect management of strategic alliances in the research and development. The extraction of three key concepts of exchange of knowledge and information, effective communication, and the way to collaborate in alliance are also found within this study. According to the obtained data, it can be stated that the contract-based and share-based alliance are more commonly used by local companies.

This research can address all R & D managers and experts who intend to manage R & D strategic alliances. These managers can take advantage of the proposed model to consider all the important factors affecting the management of such alliances and gain a comprehensive overview respectively. Identifying the motivations of the other party and understanding the strategic and technical issues are crucial for the continuity and success of the alliance. On the other hand, having mutual trust is another important factor affecting the management of strategic research and development alliances. This trust must be strengthened by the management team through different practices so that it can perfectly address the managerial challenges such as conflict management, negotiation, control and effective relationships. Understanding and predicting macroeconomic variables and determining the type of alliance can also be effective in an efficient management

Administrative corruption as an old injury to the organs of public organizations in developmental societies has become a national crisis today, and the continual evolution of this phenomenon leads to a risk of people's trust. Therefore, the present study aimed to answer the question "What are the roots of corruption in government organizations in developing countries?". Despite the prevalence of corruption, a comprehensive study has not been carried out in this area. Using the content analysis method, the researcher analyzed the results and findings of previous researchers and, by performing 7 steps, classified the roots into 29 concepts and 8 categories. The CASP checklist was used to control the qualitative researches and the Holsty reliability coefficient was used to confirm the findings. The results of the research showed that all factors in the levels of reason (individual motives and organizational conditions), middle (state) and macro (society and sovereignty) as the causes of corruption seem probable. However, in different societies in the developing world, agreement on the causes of corruption is more than expected. In all these poor or rich societies, corruption is associated with several factors: at macro level, threats and weaknesses of governance, unfamiliar civil society, middle level, weak rule of law, government capacity reduction, lack of economic development, weakness and Micro level, organizational behavior management and weak organizational behavior management. Finally, based on research findings, suggestions for future research are presented.

In spite of the widespread attention of politicians and scholars in the field of science and technology diplomacy in recent years, it seems there is no consensus on this interdisciplinary concept. Naturally, understanding a concept and its constituent parts is necessary for deal with it wisely. In this paper, it has been attempted to provide a conceptual framework for the configuration of the science and technology diplomacy, using the meta-synthesis approach and the systematic analysis of scientific literature in this field. For this purpose, identifying 120 related sources and conducting the necessary methodological steps, 58 sources were finally analyzed. Meta-synthesis on previous studies shows that the developed academic concepts about science and technology diplomacy can be classified under the four main pillars including the what (nature), the why (purpose), the how (implementation considerations), and the which (outcomes and effects). Additionally, more details of the identified dimensions were extracted as subcategories. For example, the implications of science and technology diplomacy consist of sub-categories of diplomacy and foreign policy, science and technology, economics, security, and soft power. These different dimensions of science and technology diplomacy will provide scholars with a platform for the development of academic literature based on proposed dimensions and will provide policy makers and decision makers with a reasonable logic to begin planning and evaluating actions taken.

This research aims at identifying a model for successful branding in the Ceramic and Tile industry. According to the systematic approach in the grounded theory methodology, famous experts in ceramic and tile industry and the famous firms in the industry were selected. Experienced experts in the Ceramic and Tile industry were selected using snowball sampling methodology. The data were gathered using depth-interviewing tool with 12 experts in three stages which finally led to theoretical adequacy. At the end, we identified a successful branding model in the Ceramic and Tile industry. The results showed that the effective role of the power of bargaining brokers in the relationship between producers and the consumers. It was also found that it is necessary to pay attention to national branding in the form of strong holdings in order to expand foreign markets.

Organizations can opt to two approach in market orientation. Being market-driven and driving the market. In order to achieve their goals, organizations employ several marketing tools which advertisement is one the most influential. The aim of this paper is to study the degree of market orientation in printed advertisement in Iranian food industry. this study tries to investigate the factors of printed advertisement in Iranian food industry using coding to better understand the market orientation. The results show that, many companies don’t adhere to the market orientation features and need immediate changes in their strategies regarding their advertisements.  due to the nature of the study, sampling was the main limitations. In order to overcome this limitation, theoretical sampling was employed.  Marketing practitioners and managers can benefit from the results of this study in order to enrich their marketing efforts. Also this study can provide a model for marketing researchers to follow in their future researches to provide a more solid framework for Iranian marketing models.  Using qualitative methods, a less investigated subject is studied in this paper.

At the present time, most of universities have a lot of problems regarding student relationship management (SRM) processes and students, professors and university personnel face those problems in their job carrier. These problems have always been outlined by universities and large amount of budget is allocated for obtaining, developing or improving these systems but unfortunately many of these problems are unsolved or some of its intensity has decreased. For this reason a survey was conducted to provide a model for student relationship management to review and remove this issue. This research is based on grounded theory method and to develop the model experts were interviewed. Open sampling, relational and variational sampling and discrimental sampling, and taking the maturity of data and findings by theoretical sampling are stages of development of this model. This paper after a brief presentation of literature, explains the research methodology and coding steps, and finally in addition to conclusion and introduction of stakeholders and users of this model, offers some suggestions in order to continue and development of this research.

The employees are the real competition advantage. Organizational indifference is now an important human resource challenge. Organizational indifference is referred to a situation where success or failure in achieving the organizational objectives becomes indifferent for the employees. This research is intended to assess indifference management theory in a private bank. The researcher has applied grounded theory data-based to conduct this research. First, the interviews were performed according to this theory, and then, open coding was applied according to the causes of indifference. Different ways of managing organizational indifference were coded according to the causes. While being affected by the managers skills, factors such as upgrading the improving performance evaluation system; salary and reward promotion and fair and clear appointment, paying more attention to the personal and family welfare of the employees, using flexible work packages, and regarding the citizenship-organizational behavior of the employees all make more organizational creation and lead to improvement in the perception of organizational justice by the employees. This, in turn, leads to managing the indifferences of the employees.