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delphi

در نشریات گروه پزشکی
  • Mohsen Amiri, Mojgan Zaeimdar *, Hamidreza Khaledi, Sahar Rezaian
    Background

    Effective waste management is critical during crises, as it can lead to the release of toxic waste and the mixing of hazardous substances, which can have detrimental effects on the environment and public health. Proper storage and transportation of waste during critical times can significantly reduce vulnerability through the implementation of passive defense measures, as examined in this study.

    Methods

     This   descriptive-analytical   research   was   undertaken   to   identify   passive   defense principles  and  location  criteria  for  waste  storage  and  transportation  systems  in  District  6  of Tehran municipality, Iran. After determining the effective factors in the socioeconomic, physical- spatial,  hydrological-climatic,  geological,  and  passive  defense  sectors,  the  identified  criteria were  subdivided  into  35  sub-criteria  across  seven  main  criteria. These  were  evaluated  by  28 experts in waste management and crisis management using the Delphi method over two stages and subsequently prioritized using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS).

    Results

       The   criteria   “Population   density”,   “Distance   to   fault”,   and   “Distance   to   power substation”, with similarity to ideal solution (cli ) values of 0.861, 0.774, and 0.771, respectively, were  identified  as  the  top  priorities.  Conversely,  “Distance  to  gas  pressure-reducing  stations” (cli = 0.134) was determined to be the least significant risk factor in the location of the mechanized systems.

    Conclusion

     Intelligently  locating  mechanized  waste  storage  and  transportation  systems  based on the coefficients of the prioritized effective factors, following the principles of passive defense, can  not  only  mitigate  the  vulnerability  of  the  urban  area  during  critical  conditions  but  also enhance environmental and health conditions during normal times.

    Keywords: Location Criteria, Waste Management, Mechanized Collection System, Passive Defense, Delphi, TOPSIS
  • ملیحه السادات خانقاهی، افسانه زمانی مقدم*، حسینعلی جاهد
    مقدمه

    نقش آموزش در افزایش کارایی، بهره وری و توجه به کیفیت در مدیریت آموزشی از موارد اساسی محسوب می شود که تاثیر بسیاری بر  بهبود عملکرد آموزشکده دارد. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و ارایه و اولویت بندی شاخص های مدیریت آموزشی آموزشکده های سما استان تهران انجام شده است.

    روش کار

    روش تحقیق کاربردی و آمیخته (کمی و کیفی) است. نمونه ها از روش نمونه گیری غیرتصادفی هدفمند در قالب گروه های خبرگان سیاست گذاران حوزه برنامه ریزی آموزشکده های سما تهران به عنوان آزمودنی انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها، در بخش کیفی، روش دلفی و در بخش کمی، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بر مبنای مقیاس 5 گزینه ای بود. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از تحلیل عاملی تاییدی با استفاده از نرم افزار smartpls3 استفاده شد.

    نتایج

    مدل کیفی اولیه مدیریت آموزشی با 5 بعد و 33 مولفه تحلیل شد که در نهایت ابعاد و مولفه های تعامل با محیط، حوزه روابط، تعریف اجزای فرآیند آموزش، تعریف اجزای تغییر در موسسه آموزشی، حوزه کارکنان شناسایی شدند.

    نتیجه گیری

    نتایج و یافته های به دست آمده نشان می دهد که ابعاد تعریف اجزای فرآیند آموزش، حوزه کارکنان، تعامل با محیط، حوزه روابط، و اجزای تغییر در موسسه آموزشی به ترتیب دارای اولویت هستند که با نتایج مطالعات پیشین منطبق و سازگار است. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده پیشنهاد می شود ایجاد فضاهایی برای کارآموزی و نظارت بر حسن انجام کار، سازماندهی و هماهنگی طرح های آموزشی، ترسیم چشم انداز آموزشی، کسب منابع برای تحقق اهداف آموزشی، تخصیص منابع برای تحقق اهداف آموزشی، کنترل، ارزشیابی، هدایت، راهنمایی و اجرای طرح های آموزشی در جهت بهبود کیفیت آموزشکده های سما در برنامه های راهبردی مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

    کلید واژگان: پیشایندها، آموزش کارآفرینانه، هنرستان، فنی و حرفه ای
    Malihe Sadat Khaneghahi, Afsaneh Zamani Moqaddam *, Hossein Ali Jahed
    Introduction

     In recent years, the role of education in enhancing efficiency, productivity, and sustainable development has become more important than ever before. Education and the training of the human workforce are essential pillars in a country's sustainable development, and attention to quality in educational management in schools and colleges is considered fundamental and vital, with a significant impact on the nation's destiny. Educational management indicators play a crucial role in improving the quality of education. These indicators assist school administrators in evaluating and enhancing the performance of educational institutions. Performance assessment, quality improvement in education, resource management, motivation enhancement, and stakeholder satisfaction are among the primary objectives of educational management indicators. The presence of more than one hundred Sama schools in the country demonstrates the significance of educational management in these institutions. This research aims to identify, present, and prioritize these indicators concerning the educational management of Sama schools in Tehran Province, with the goal of enhancing and improving the quality of educational activities.

    Materials and methods

     The research method, in terms of purpose and application, falls within the category of mixed research (quantitative and qualitative). The qualitative part of the study included experts in the field of education and research from universities and policymakers in the planning of Sama schools in Tehran. In order to select the samples and determine this group of experts, purposive non-random sampling was used, with a total of 14 individuals. The second group, the statistical population of this research, included all teachers, managers, and educational and research experts of Sama schools in Tehran, totaling 734 individuals. From this population, 273 individuals were selected as participants using stratified random sampling. The data collection tools consisted of a Delphi method in the qualitative section and a researcher-developed questionnaire based on a 5-point scale in the quantitative section. The validity and reliability of the research were confirmed. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the SmartPLS3 software.

    Findings

     The initial qualitative model of educational management with 5 dimensions and 33 components was analyzed. Ultimately, the dimensions and components related to interaction with the environment (utilizing environmental conditions to achieve educational goals, creating or providing a suitable environment for educational activities), the realm of relationships (developing individuals' communication skills, fostering collaboration between the educational staff and learners), defining the elements of the educational process (creating spaces for apprenticeship and monitoring task performance, organizing and coordinating educational plans, aligning individual talents with societal needs, outlining the educational vision), defining the elements of change in the educational institution (controlling and evaluating educational plans, skill development, integrating theory and experience in the field of education, coordinating educational plans), and the domain of staff (synchronizing educators and professors with new professional development methods, mobilizing human resources for educational activities, controlling and evaluating active human resources in the education sector, fostering unity among active human resources in the education sector) were identified in order of priority. These are defined as the elements of the educational process, the staff domain, interaction with the environment, the realm of relationships, and the elements of change in the educational institution, respectively.

    Conclusion

     The quality of education in Sama Schools holds significant importance, and achieving educational management indicators can play a crucial role in enhancing the quality and productivity of these educational institutions. In this study, educational management indicators in these schools were examined using a mixed-methods approach, incorporating expert opinions and statistical methods. The results have led to the development of an initial qualitative model of educational management with 5 dimensions and 33 components, which can shed light on the critical aspects of educational management.For a more detailed comparison of these findings with prior research, it should be noted that the proposed changes in educational management within the institution are aligned with the concepts of organizational cooperation and economic development (Adams et al., 2017). The components obtained in this dimension include: controlling and evaluating educational plans, skill development, integrating theory and experience in the field of education, and aligning educational plans with the findings of previous research.Furthermore, the results obtained in areas such as improving the academic level of educational centers, industry and labor market connections, academic responsibility, communication and interaction with learners (building confidence), skill enhancement, allocation and increase of research resources (exploration and invention), and ultimately organizational commitments align with the findings presented by Moezzi, Mohammadi, Delavar, and Mohammadi Davoodi (2018). The final effectiveness model indicators and the implementation mechanisms of the model, as well as the key effectiveness components encompassing the comprehensive employee training system, are also compatible with the results introduced by Razmi and colleagues (2019). Extracting indicators related to environmental factors, customer orientation, technological facilities, and leadership insight in terms of effectiveness and efficiency in management aligns with the research by Najafi Hezari Jebi and Koopaei (2017), Berman et al. (2018), and the interaction with the environment, including the two indicators of using environmental conditions to achieve educational goals and creating or providing a suitable environment for educational activities, is consistent with Westa's study (2019). The definition of the components of the educational process is based on content analysis conducted by the researcher, representing an innovation in this study. Its subset indicators, including educational project planning (Samadi, 2018), setting educational goals, resource procurement and allocation (Ali, 2017; Saitis and Saitis, 2018; Westa, 2019), and the execution of educational plans and programs (Alvani et al., 2018), are in line with previous research. In the realm of relationships in educational management, components related to developing individuals' communication abilities (Fokina et al., 2016) and fostering collaboration between the educational staff and course participants (Sadeqi et al., 2018; Kalir-Mik, 2019) are compatible.Regarding personnel-related aspects of educational management, components such as synchronizing educators and instructors with new professional development methods (Adams et al., 2017), motivating human resources for educational activities (Pafko, 2016), controlling and evaluating active human resources in the education sector (Samadi, 2018; Yuselliani et al., 2018), and creating unity among active human resources in the education sector (Westa, 2019) are in alignment with prior research. Based on the results obtained, recommendations include creating spaces for apprenticeship and monitoring of work quality, organizing and coordinating educational plans, aligning individual talents with societal needs, outlining an educational vision, assisting in the execution of educational processes, acquiring resources for educational goal achievement, resource allocation for educational objectives, control and evaluation of educational plans, guiding and supervising educational plans, and implementing educational programs to foster the development of individuals' talents.

    Keywords: Education, Educational Management, Sama Schools, Delphi
  • MohammadAli Fadaei, Hossein Mansoori*, Tayebeh Abbasnejad
    Introduction

    The main capital of any organization is its human resources (HR). Organizations invest substantial costs in attracting, retaining, and training individuals. Therefore, it is essential to identify and implement appropriate practices to preserve and enhance HR. Aging of employees is an inevitable phenomenon that poses challenges to all organizations, irrespective of specific geographical locations, because the employees will get old and leave the organization. This research aims to identify HR management practices for aging employees in public organizations in Jahrom City, Fars Province, Iran, in the year 2022.

    Methods

    This study utilizes meta-synthesis and Delphi methods to extract and identify management practices for aging HR. In the meta-synthesis section, the library method was used and community under study in the Delphi section included 28 academic (university professors with doctorate degrees in HR or organizational behavior) and organizational (senior managers and HR managers of public organizations in Jahrom) experts. The research tool used in the Delphi section was a questionnaire conducted in 3 rounds.

    Results

    Through the study of the sources using meta-synthesis method, a total of 79 organizational practices were identified, categorized into 11 main dimensions. After three rounds, a consensus was reached on 60 practices, organized into 9 main dimensions, and the Delphi rounds were concluded. In the final round, no new practices were suggested or removed. Due to the minimal differences in the Kendall coefficient among the different rounds, the Delphi rounds were concluded.

    Conclusion

    It is necessary to plan and implement all these practices in parallel and simultaneously. However, as the most crucial management measure is planning, there is a need for planning, coordination, and harmonization at the legislative, administrative, and recruitment levels. Implementing the proposed practices through organizational experts, HR managers, and the active participation of aging employees in implementing practical practices will lead to better execution.

    Keywords: Human Resources Management, Aging, Workforce, Delphi, Meta-Synthesis
  • سجاد دلاوری، امید براتی، سید رضا نجیبی، جواد شاه محمدی، پرنیا نیک منش، سیده مریم نجیبی *، سمیه دلاوری
    زمینه

    دانشجویان و دانش آموختگان رشته مدیریت سلامت مدیران آینده حوزه سلامت خواهند بود. ارتقاء توانمندی مدیران نظام سلامت به عنوان یکی از ارکان اصلی سازمان های ارایه دهنده خدمات سلامت برای تامین نیازهای بخش سلامت جامعه لازم و ضروری است. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و اولویت بندی شایستگی های کلیدی مورد نیاز دانش آموختگان مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی به عنوان مدیران آینده نظام سلامت انجام پذیرفت.

    روش کار

    این مطالعه در سه گام با استفاده از متد تحلیل محتوا، دلفی و تحلیل عاملی انجام شد. در مرحله اول برای تعیین مهارت های مورد نیاز مشاغل مدیریتی در نظام سلامت از مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختار یافته و متعامل استفاده شد و داده ها براساس روش تحلیل محتوا تحلیل شدند. حجم نمونه 14 نفر از خبرگان حوزه سلامت بودند. در مرحله دوم، برای ایجاد اجماع در مورد مهارت ها مطالعه دلفی طراحی شد. مشارکت کنندگان به 44 مهارت مستخرج از مصاحبه ها از طریق طیف لیکرت سه امتیازی از مخالف تا موافق (از 1 تا 3) نمره دادند. سپس از طریق تحلیل عاملی مهارت های مورد نظر به چندین گروه مولفه تقسیم گردید.

    یافته ها

    در این مطالعه تعداد 44 مهارت کلیدی مورد نیاز مدیران و دانش آموختگان رشته مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی- درمانی در نظام سلامت در قالب 10 مولفه شناسایی شد.

    نتیجه گیری

    هزینه و منابعی که برای تربیت دانش آموختگان رشته مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی- درمانی تخصیص می یابد باید مبتنی بر نیاز اشتغال و فضای کاری باشد و مهارت های شناسایی شده در زمره مهم ترین آموزش های آنان قرار گیرد.

    کلید واژگان: شایستگی، مدیریت خدمات سلامت، دلفی
    Sajad Delavari, Omid Barati, Seyed Reza Najibi, Javad Shahmohamadi, Parnian Nikmanesh, Seyede Maryam Najibi *, Somayeh Delavari
    Background

    Students and graduates in the field of health management will be future managers of the health field. Improving the skills of health system managers as one of the main pillars of health service organizations is essential to meet the health needs of the community. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and prioritize the key skills required by healthcare management graduates as future managers of the health system.

    Methods

    This study was performed in three steps using the method of content analysis, Delphi, and factor analysis. In the first step, a semi-structured and interactive in-depth interview was used to determine the skills required for managerial jobs in the health system, and the data were analyzed based on the content analysis method. The sample size was 14 health experts. In the second step, a Delphi study was designed to build consensus on skills. The participants scored 44 skills extracted from the interviews through a three-point Likert scale from disagree to agree (from 1 to 3), then the skills were divided into several component groups through factor analysis.

    Results

    In this study, 44 key skills needed by managers and graduated students in the field of health service management were identified in 10 components.

    Conclusion

    Costs and resources allocated to the training of health service management graduated students should be based on the need of the labor market and workspace.

    Keywords: Competencies, Health Service Management, Delphi
  • علی فردی، مصطفی میرزایی علی آبادی*، امید کلات پور، مریم فرهادیان
    سابقه و هدف

     دستورالعمل های اجرایی به عنوان راهنمایی برای انجام وظایف در صنایع مورد توجه است. این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی عوامل تاثیرگذاری در افزایش کاربردپذیری دستورالعمل های اجرایی انجام شد.

    مواد و روش ها: 

    در این مطالعه مشاهده ای-تحلیلی از راهنماها، کتاب ها و مطالعات در زمینه دستورالعمل های اجرایی برای شناسایی عواملی استفاده شد که در بهبود کاربردپذیری و تمایل کاربران به استفاده از آن ها کاربرد دارند. این عوامل در چهار گروه اصلی دسته بندی شد. به منظور بررسی و حصول اطمینان از کارآمدی این عوامل، یک مطالعه دلفی انجام شد. تحلیل داده ها شامل سنجش روایی و پایایی بود که با نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 22 انجام شد.

    یافته ها:

     در این مطالعه که ابزاری به منظور کاربردپذیری دستورالعمل های اجرایی طراحی و توسعه داده شد، در چهار گروه اصلی، 22 عامل نهایی شد. پس از اجرای مطالعه دلفی، نسبت روایی محتوا (CVR) برای ابزار طراحی شده 0.83 و شاخص روایی محتوا (CVI) 0.955 محاسبه شد. همچنین ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 0.819 به دست آمد.

    نتیجه گیری:

     در این مطالعه 22 آیتم در چهار گروه اصلی به کمک منابع و سپس پرسشگری از خبرگان در افزایش کاربرپذیری شناسایی شد که در عمل نیز تاثیرگذاری آن ها ارزیابی و اثبات شد. بر اساس این مطالعه باید تمام دستورالعمل ها در صنایع در چارچوب مشخصی تدوین و در بازه زمانی مشخصی کاربردپذیری آن ها بررسی شود و در صورت نیاز بازنگری و اصلاح شود.

    کلید واژگان: بهداشت ایمنی و محیط زیست (HSE)، دستورالعمل اجرایی، دلفی، صنایع فرایندی، کاربردپذیردی
    Ali Fardi, Mostafa Mirzaei Aliabad*, Omid Kalatpour, Maryam Farhadian
    Background and Objective

    Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are always considered a guide for performing tasks in industries. The present study aimed to identify the effective factors in increasing the usability of safety SOPs.

    Materials and Methods

    In this observational-analytical study, guidelines, books, and studies in the SOPs were used to identify factors that improve their usability. These factors were assigned to four main groups. A Delphi study was conducted to investigate and ensure the effectiveness of these factors. Data analysis, including validity and reliability, was performed in SPSS software (version 22).

    Results

    In this study, which aimed to design and develop a tool for increasing the usability of SOP, 22 factors were identified and categorized into four main groups. After the Delphi study, the content validity ratio (CVR) for the designed instrument was 0.83, the content validity index (CVI) was calculated at 0.955, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained at 0.819.

    Conclusion

    In this study, 22 factors in four main groups were identified to be effective in increasing the usability of safety SOPs. Their effectiveness was evaluated and proven. According to this study, all procedures in the industry should be developed in a specific framework, their applicability should be examined in a specific period of time, and if necessary, they should be reviewed and amended.

    Keywords: Delphi, HSE, Procedures, Process industries, Usability
  • حمزه امین طهماسبی*، کیمیا ملک زاده شفارودی
    زمینه و هدف

    امروزه درمان، از اهداف مهم گردشگری است و گردشگری در سلامت و مراقبت های بهداشتی رشد سریعی را در دنیا طی می کند. با وجوداین که استان گیلان، به عنوان یکی از استان های مهم و گردشگر پذیر کشور، سالانه میزبان حدود 500 هزار گردشگر خارجی است و می تواند قطب گردشگری سلامت ایران باشد، اما متاسفانه این استان نتوانسته سهم مناسبی از درآمدهای این حوزه داشته باشد و به موازات ظرفیت های درمانی که از آن برخوردار است، بیمار خارجی جذب کند.

    روش بررسی

    این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری سلامت انجام شد. در این راستا ابتدا با استفاده از مرور ادبیات و نظرات ده نفر از خبرگان این حوزه شاغل در پنج بیمارستان شهر رشت اعم از بیمارستان های ولایت، پورسینا، آریا، پارس و قایم و با استفاده از روش گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند، 25 عامل موثر شناسایی و سپس با کمک روش دلفی، 14 عامل نهایی برگزیده شدند. آن گاه از روش بهترین-بدترین، میزان اهمیت هر عامل مشخص گردید و در انتها با استفاده از روش DEMATEL میزان اثرگذاری این عوامل بر یکدیگر تعیین شد.

    یافته ها

    پس از اجرای دو مرحله دلفی، 11 عامل که میانگینی کمتر از میانگین کل آرای خبرگان داشتند و اختلاف نظر بیشتری نسبت به آن ها وجود داشت، حذف شدند. سپس با اجرای روش بهترین-بدترین، کیفیت خدمات پزشکی به عنوان مهم ترین عامل و سهولت تعیین وقت قبلی برای پذیرش و وضعیت سیستم بانکی به عنوان کم اهمیت ترین عوامل از میان عوامل نهایی مشخص گردیدند. همچنین براساس نتایج روش DEMATEL، کیفیت خدمات پزشکی، بیشترین اثرگذاری و سهولت تعیین وقت قبلی برای پذیرش، کمترین اثرگذاری را بر روی سایر عوامل دارد. در نهایت، کیفیت خدمات پزشکی تاثیرپذیرترین و تبلیغات مناسب در مورد گردشگری سلامت در اتاق های بازرگانی داخل و خارج از کشور دارای کمترین میزان اثرپذیری است.

    نتیجه گیری

    گردشگری سلامت در ایران با وجود کیفیت نسبی و قیمت ارزان، به علت نبود تبلیغات مناسب، هنوز جایگاه خود را در بازار نیافته است و همچنان گام های نخست را طی می کند. با توجه به شرایط محیطی و وجود جاذبه های گردشگری در شهر رشت، انجام اقداماتی همچون ارتقای کیفیت خدمات پزشکی، بازاریابی مناسب و ارتقای زیرساخت ها، موجب توسعه و بهبود گردشگری سلامت و در نتیجه افزایش رضایت مندی و جذب بیشتر مشتریان می شود.

    کلید واژگان: گردشگری سلامت، بیمارستان های رشت، دلفی، روش بهترین-بدترین، DEMATEL
    Hamzeh Amin-Tahmasbi*, Kimia Malekzadeh Shafaroudi
    Background and Aim

    Today, treatment is one of the important goals of tourism. Tourism in health and healthcare is growing rapidly in the world. Despite the fact that Guilan province, as one of the most important and touristic provinces of the country, has an annual population of 500,000 foreign tourists and can be the center of health tourism in Iran. Unfortunately, this province has not been able to have a proper share of the revenues of this field and attract foreign patients in parallel with its treatment capacities.

    Materials and Method

    The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development of health tourism. In this regard, first, literature review was used and opinions of experts in this field, who were employees in five hospitals in Rasht, including Velayat, PourSina, Aria, Pars and Qaem hospitals, were selected using the Snowball sampling method. Twenty-five effective factors were identified and using Delphi method, 14 factors were selected as the final factor. Then by used of the Best and Worst Method (BWM), the importance of each factor was determined. Finally, using DEMATEL method, the effect of this factor on each other was determined.

    Results

    After conducting two rounds of Delphi, 11 factors that had an average lower than the average of the total opinions of the experts and there was more disagreement about them were eliminated. Then, by implementing the best-worst method, the quality of medical services was determined as the most important factor, and the ease of booking an appointment in advance for admission and the status of the banking system were determined as the least important factors among the final factors. Also, based on the results of the DEMATEL method, the quality of medical services has the greatest effect and the ease of booking an appointment in advance for admission has the least effect on other factors. Finally, the quality of medical services is the most effective and appropriate advertising about health tourism in domestic and foreign chambers of commerce has the least effectiveness.

    Conclusion

    Health tourism in Iran despite the relative quality and cheap price, has not yet found its place in the market due to the lack of proper advertising is still taking the first steps. Considering the environmental conditions and the existence of tourism aspects of Rasht, carrying out measures such as improving the quality of medical services, appropriate marketing, and improving infrastructures will lead to the development and improvement of health tourism, and as a result, increasing satisfaction and attracting more customers.

    Keywords: Health Tourism, Rasht Hospitals, Delphi, Best Worst Method, DEMATEL
  • ایمانه السادات مستولی زاده، مینا ترابی فرد*
    مقدمه

    ارگونومی به معنای تطبیق و سازگاری محیط کار، ابزار کار و شرایط کار با توانایی جسمی و روانی انسان می باشد. بر این اساس، فرهنگ ارگونومی بر خط مشی، اهداف و برنامه های ارگونومی تاکید دارد. هدف از این مطالعه سنجش ابعاد فرهنگ ارگونومی در ساختمان اداری مرکز بهداشت شمال تهران، به روش دلفی و با استفاده از پرسشنامه خبره است.

    روش کار

    در این پژوهش جهت سنجش ابعاد فرهنگ ارگونومی، از روش دلفی برای تدوین پرسشنامه خبره استفاده شد. معیارهای ارزیابی بر اساس ابعاد مهندسی فاکتورهای انسانی تحت عنوان مدل ستاره 5 ضلعی و مدل فاکتورهای فرهنگ سازمانی تعیین گردیدند و زیر معیارها بر اساس رویکرد ماکرو ارگونومی تعیین شدند. جهت معرفی مهم ترین شاخص ها، مبادرت به تشکیل تیم خبرگان به تعداد 15 نفر گردید. بر اساس مهم ترین شاخص ها که به روش دلفی تعیین گردید، پرسشنامه، با 15 سوال، تهیه و تدوین شد. روایی پرسشنامه به روش محتوایی و نیز پایایی به روش آزمون آلفای کرونباخ با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS 24 انجام گردید. معیارهای فرهنگ ارگونومی بر اساس فراوانی پاسخ های منفی رده بندی گردید. بیشترین فراوانی پاسخ منفی نشان دهنده وضعیت نامناسب ارگونومی و کمترین فراوانی نشان دهنده بهتر بودن نسبی شرایط فرهنگ ارگونومی می باشد.  

    یافته ها

    روایی پرسشنامه، به دلیل تهیه لیست و پرسش از خبرگان به صورت محتوایی مورد تایید می باشد. همچنین با توجه به نرخ ضریب آلفای کرونباخ که معادل 77/0 است، پایایی پرسشنامه نیز مورد تایید است. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی فرهنگ ارگونومی در این مرکز که به صورت میانگین درصد فراوانی محاسبه شد، می توان اذعان نمود از میان 6 معیار اصلی ارزیابی، شاخص اطلاعات و ارتباطات با میانگین امتیاز 66 دارای بیشترین میانگین امتیاز منفی و شاخص های مدیریت، کارکنان، طراحی تجهیزات، چیدمان محیط و ویژگی های شغلی به ترتیب با میانگین امتیازهای 58، 56، 67/54، 5/49 و 8/36 در رده های بعدی قرار گرفتند.

    نتیجه گیری

    بر اساس نتایج پرسشنامه فرهنگ ارگونومی و تحلیل آن که به روش دلفی و نظر تیم خبرگان تهیه شد می توان اذعان نمود که سطح فرهنگ ارگونومی در این مرکز که بر اساس شاخص های مربوطه موردبررسی قرار گرفت، شرایط قابل قبولی ندارد. ضروری است تا با برگزاری دوره ها و سمینارهای ارگونومی و به اشتراک گذاری کلیپ ها، جزوات، پوسترها، دوره های آموزشی و تدوین دستورالعمل های ارگونومی به توسعه فرهنگ ارگونومی در سازمان کمک نمود.

    کلید واژگان: فرهنگ ارگونومی، دلفی، مرکز بهداشت
    Imaneh Mostoulizadeh, Mina Torabifard*
    Introduction

    Ergonomics culture emphasizes ergonomics policies, goals, and programs that create behavioral, environmental, and structural reforms in the governing environment of the organization. The present study assesses the ergonomics culture dimensions in the North Tehran Health Center office building through the Delphi method and an expert questionnaire.

    Material and Methods

    The Delphi method was used to develop an expert questionnaire. The evaluation criteria were determined based on the engineering dimensions of human factors and the organizational culture factor model. Besides, the sub-criteria were specified based on the macro-ergonomics approach. In this case, the most critical sub-criteria were chosen using 15 experts and the Delphi method. Thus, a questionnaire was developed with 15 questions. The ergonomics culture criteria were classified considering the frequency of negative responses. The highest frequency of negative response demonstrated poor ergonomic status and vice versa.

    Results

    The results revealed that the maximum average negative score among the six principal evaluation criteria was related to the information and communication index at an average score of 66. The other criteria were ranked as follows: the management, staff, equipment design, environment layout, and job characteristics with average scores of 58, 56, 54.67, 49.5, and 36.8, respectively.

    Conclusion

    The ergonomics culture questionnaire was prepared and analyzed by an expert team using the Delphi method. According to the indices, the ergonomics culture level was unacceptable at the North Tehran Health Center. Thus, it is recommended to provide ergonomics courses and seminars, video clips, pamphlets, posters, and related courses. Also, training and development of ergonomics instructions can help establish an ergonomics culture in the organization to a significant extent.

    Keywords: Ergonomics culture, Delphi, Health center
  • Shiva Alizadeh, Giti Ozgoli, Hedyeh Riazi, Hamid Alavi Majd
    BACKGROUND

    The World Health Organization recommendation requires the development and use of effective, brief, clear, and evidence‑based education packages to improve health‑care outcomes. No comprehensive sexual health improvement package exists for the pregnancy period in the Iranian health system. This study aimed to develop a package to promote sexual health in pregnancy.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    The present study is a qualitative study, which was conducted in 2019 in Tehran, Iran. Sexual health package during pregnancy was developed based on the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) steps. The first step included reviewing of international guidelines, strategies, handbooks, education packages, and articles in this regard. The package was developed in the second step. In the third step, quality assessment was performed using expert opinion with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Instrument II (AGREE II) tool, and validation was performed using Delphi method.

    RESULTS

    Package content was designed in two sections: for midwives and health‑care providers and for pregnant mothers in three sessions (in each trimester of pregnancy). The quality assessment using the AGREE II guidelines revealed excellent quality (>89%). The package was validated based on expert opinion (>95%).

    CONCLUSION

    The sexual health promotion package during pregnancy was designed with high quality and validity based on NICE steps. It is recommended, midwives be performed this designed and validated package in routine pregnancy care to promote the couple’s sexual health.

    Keywords: Delphi, national institute for health, clinical excellence, package, pregnancy, sexual health
  • مریم طهرانی*، اکبر حسن پور، مجید امیری لرگانی
    مقدمه

    با توجه به اهمیت تاثیر اضطراب مرگ در رفتار آدمی و با تمرکز بر حرفه تخصصی کارکنانی که در طول روز به طور مستمر در معرض یادآورنده های مرگ قرار دارند، این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی عوامل به وجودآورنده اضطراب مرگ و پیامدهای این اضطراب تحت عنوان پیش آیندها و پس آیندهای اضطراب مرگ در میان جامعه ی پرستاری به انجام رسیده است.

    روش کار

    پژوهش حاضر از نوع آمیخته (کمی و کیفی) است و جامعه ی مورد مطالعه، بیمارستان امام حسین (ع) شهرستان شاهرود و نمونه پژوهش 17 نفر از خبرگان (پرستاران بخش مراقبت های ویژه و اورژانس) می باشد. در بخش کیفی ابتدا با استفاده از تحلیل متون و بهره گیری از روش فراترکیب به استخراج عوامل و دسته بندی آن ها پرداخته شده است و سپس در بخش کمی با استفاده از توزیع دو مرحله پرسشنامه دلفی فازی، غربالگری معیارها صورت گرفته است.

    یافته ها

    در بخش کیفی، پس از انجام مطالعه به روش کتابخانه ای، 126 کد اولیه (66 پیش آیند و 60 پس آیند) در قالب 65 مفهوم (29 پیش آیند و 36 پس آیند) به دست آمد که پس از انجام تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات، این مفاهیم در دسته بندی 42 مضمون اولیه (21 پیش آیند و 21 پس آیند)، 14 مضمون پایه (8 پیش آیند و 6 پس آیند) و 5 مقوله کلی (3 پیش آیند و 2 پس آیند) قرار گرفتند. نتیجه تحلیل پاسخ خبرگان به میزان موافقتشان با مفاهیم شناسایی شده نشان داد که در مجموع 27 پیشایند و 26 پسایند به تایید پرستاران رسیدند.  

    نتیجه گیری

    با توجه به رتبه بندی عوامل، نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که توجه بیشتر واحد منابع انسانی به عوامل بوجودآورنده اضطراب مرگ همچون وجدان گرایی، حجم کار زیاد، شب کاری و عدم وجود حمایت های اجتماعی، می تواند منجر به کاهش پیامدهای این گونه از اضطراب نظیر فسودگی شغلی، استرس شغلی، خستگی عاطفی و احساس نارضایتی از شغل گردد.

    کلید واژگان: اضطراب، اضطراب مرگ، فراترکیب، دلفی
    Maryam Tehrani *, Akbar Hassanpoor, Majid Amiri Largani
    Introduction

    Given the importance of the impact of this anxiety on human behavior and Focusing on the professional careers of employees who are constantly exposed to death reminders throughout the day, the aim of this study was to identify the causes of death anxiety and its consequences under the heading of the antecedents and consequences of death anxiety in the nursing community.  

    Method

    The present study is of mixed type (quantitative and qualitative). The study population is Imam Hossein Hospital in Shahroud and the study samples are 17 experts (nurses of Intensive Care Unit and Emergency department). In the qualitative part, first, using content analysis and meta-synthesis method, the factors have been extracted and categorized, and then in a quantitative part, after distributing Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire in two levels, the criteria have been screened and prioritized.

    Results

    In the qualitative section, after conducting a library research, 126 primary codes (66 antecedents and 60 consequences) were formulated in the form of 75 concepts (29 antecedents and 36 consequences). After analyzing the information, these concepts were classified into 42 primary themes (21 antecedents and 21 consequences), 14 basic themes (8 antecedents and 6 consequences) and 5 general categories (3 antecedents and 2 consequences). The result of analyzing the expertschr('39') response to their agreement with the identified concepts showed that a total of 27 antecedents and 26 antecedents were approved by nurses.

    Conclusion

    According to the ranking of factors, the results of this study indicate that more attention of the Human Resources Department to the antecedent factors plus regarding conscientiousness, high workload, night shifts and lack of social support can reduce the consequences of this kind of anxiety such as burnout, job stress, compassion fatigue and job dissatisfaction.

    Keywords: Anxiety, Death anxiety, Meta synthesis, Delphi
  • محمد قنبری، اسدالله مهرآرا*، محمدرضا باقرزاده

    امروزه هیچ سازمانی بدون توجه به نیروی انسانی و نقش سازنده آن در ارایه خدمات، قادر به ادامه حیات نیست و دلایل زیادی وجود دارد که ضرورت توسعه منابع انسانی را اجتناب ناپذیر کرده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی ابعاد و مولفه های توسعه منابع انسانی در سازمان ثبت اسناد و املاک کشور بود. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از حیث روش اجرا، توصیفی- پیمایشی بود که با رویکرد آمیخته اکتشافی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری در مرحله کیفی 17 نفر از خبرگان دانشگاهی و سازمانی بودند که به روش قضاوتی هدفمند انتخاب شدند و در مرحله کمی، کلیه کارکنان سازمان ثبت اسناد و املاک کشور به تعداد 14500 نفر بودند که حجم نمونه مطابق جدول کرجسی و مورگان 372 نفر تعیین و برای نمونه گیری از روش تصادفی ساده استفاده شد. به منظور شناسایی عوامل موثر بر توسعه منابع انسانی از روش دلفی و برای تحلیل روابط متغیرها از روش مد ل سازی معادلات ساختاری با نرم افزار Smart PLS3 استفاده شده است. نتایج دلفی نشان دادند عوامل موثر بر توسعه منابع انسانی، شامل 112 شاخص در قالب 13 مولفه و 5 بعد (عوامل فرهنگی، عوامل سازمانی،عوامل فردی، عوامل محیطی و عوامل مدیریتی) می باشند. همچنین نتایج معادلات ساختاری نشان دادند عوامل فرهنگی(757/0)، عوامل سازمانی(878/0)، عوامل فردی(740/0)، عوامل محیطی(733/0) و عوامل مدیریتی(892/0) بر توسعه منابع انسانی تاثیر مثبت و معنی دار دارند. در نهایت می توان گفت: در راستای توسعه منابع انسانی به عنوان یکی از اولویت های کاری سازمان، عوامل مدیریتی باید جایگاه ویژه ای در استراتژی های سازمان داشته باشند.

    کلید واژگان: توسعه منابع انسانی، عوامل مدیریتی، دلفی، معادلات ساختاری
    Mohammad Ghanbari, Asadollah Mehrara*, Mohammadreza Bagherzadeh

    Today, no organization can survive without considering its human resources and constructive role in providing services, and there are many reasons that have made the need for human resource development inevitable. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the development of human resources in the State Property and Deeds Registration Organization. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method, which was performed with a mixed exploratory approach. The statistical population in the qualitative stage was 17 academic and organizational experts who were selected by purposeful judgment and in the quantitative stage, all employees of the State Property and Deeds Registration Organization were 14,500 people, the sample size according to Krejcie and Morgan table was 372 people and A simple random method was used for sampling. .. In order to identify the indicators of human resource development, data analysis of the foundation was used in Maxqda2020 software, which based on the opinions of 17 experts, 109 indicators were identified. the structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the relationships of the variables with Smart PLS3 software. Delphi results showed that the effective factors on human resource development include 112 indicators in the form of 13 components and 5 dimensions (cultural factors, organizational factors, individual factors, environmental factors and managerial factors). Also, the results of structural equations showed that cultural factors (0.757), organizational factors (0.878), individual factors (0.740), environmental factors (0.733) and managerial factors (0.892) had an effect on human resource development. They are positive and meaningful. Finally, it can be said that in order to develop human resources as one of the priorities of the organization, management factors should have a special place in the organization's strategies.

    Keywords: Human Resource Development, Managerial Factors, Delphi, Structural Equations
  • Fatemeh Mohammadipour, Marjan Fathi, Manzar Amirkhani, Sarah Nouriyengejeh, Ata Pourabbasi *
    Background
    Adolescence is a time of risks and opportunities. This study aimed to investigate andprioritize the behavioral concerns of male adolescents.
    Methods
    A modified Delphi study (2018-2019) was conducted in two stages. In the first stage,adolescents’ behavioral concerns were extracted based on seven qualitative interviews and a focusgroup. Then, a questionnaire was designed using the obtained data; also, two-round consensusbuildingapproach (rating and ranking) through surveys were conducted among 90students, teachersand parents covered by the Health Departments of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who hadbeen selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method. Qualitative content analysis was usedin the first stage and descriptive statistics in the second stage to analyze the data.
    Results
    In the first stage, eight categories emerged, including relational challenges with parents andother adults; poor interaction with peers; lack of adaptation to conditions; emotional dysregulation;self-esteem and sense of purposefulness issues; materialistic tendencies; cyberspace issues; and nonadherenceto religious beliefs. Then 63 behavioral concerns were identified. In each round (rating/ranking), 29/27, 28/29, and 30/30, responses were received for students, parents and teachers,respectively. According to the specified scores given to different issues, ten top problems according tothe viewpoint of different groups were extracted.
    Conclusion
    “lack of planning and prioritization skill”, “insufficient skill for controlling crisis”, and “lackof resilience” are the most important priority for male adolescents, teachers and parents, respectively.These findings can be used for planning programs based on the adolescents’ behavioral concerns.
    Keywords: Adolescent, Behavioral concerns, Delphi, Iran, Parent, Prioritization
  • حمید قر ه باغی، حمیدرضا عبداللهی، رضا شامی*

    مقدمه با گسترش دسترسی به اینترنت و فراهم شدن زمینه ارتباط محققان با یکدیگر ، تقاضا برای روش های پژوهشی مبتنی بر این ساختار رو به ازدیاد است . با توسعه اینترنت از محدودیت های بسیاری از روش های پژوهشی همانند دلفی - که اغلب محدود به مرز های جغرافیایی است- کاسته شده و زمینه ساز ظهور شیوه های پیاده سازی جدیدی است . E-Delphi روشی است کیفی و آنلاین برای پاسخ به نیاز های روز افزون علم به توافق خبرگان. این روش با وجود تمامی مزایای خود ، محققین در بسیاری از رشته ها همانند آموزش پزشکی و سلامت با آن بیگانه هستند. که بخش بزرگی از آن مربوط به ناشناختگی این روش به طور عام و بخش دیگر به مباحث روش شناختی و ذات کیفی این روش است. محققانی که قصد استفاده از این روش را داشته باشند با چالش های چندی مواجه خواهند شد که عبارتند از محدودیت منابع آموزشی در اجرا و پیاده سازی این روش ، نبود توافق عمومی در خصوص کیفیت و چهارچوب راند های پژوهش ، مشکل تعمیم پذیری نتایج ، نبود وب سایت های تخصصی و رایگان در این زمینه ، چالش دسترس تمامی محققان یا خبرگان به اینترنت ، اشکالات تکنیکی مرسوم ، بحث مبادی ورود اطلاعات به کامپیوتر جهت تحلیل ، مشکلات سنجش توافق ، موضوع اشباع نظری و خطر اشباع نظری کاذب ، تداخل این روش با برخی تکنیک ها دیگر همانند پیمایش در اجرا ، لزوم اشرافیت نسبی محقق به موضوع مورد نظر . اما صرفنظر از تمامی این کاستی ها ، مزیت منحصر به فرد E-Delphi این است که قادر به پیش بینی آینده و سرنوشت یک مسئله یا موضوع همانند آینده یک تکنولوژی ، یک روش آموزشی یا یک پروتکل درمانی طی چند سال یا چند دهه آینده است.

    کلید واژگان: دلفی، الکترونیک دلفی، گام های دلفی
    Hamid Gharehbaghi, HamidReza Abdollahi, Reza Shami *

    With the expansion of Internet access and the provision of communication between researchers, the demand for research methods based on this structure is increasing. With the development of the Internet, the limitations of many research methods, such as Delphi - have been reduced, paving the way for the emergence of new implementation methods. E-Delphin is a qualitative method and online to respond to the growing needs of science to experts ‘consensus. Despite all advantages of this method, many Researchers are unfamiliar in many disciplines, such as medical and health education. A large part of it is related to the ignorance of this method in general and the other part is related to the methodological issues and the qualitative nature of this method. The scientists who intend to use this method will face with several challenges, which include limited educational resources in the implementation of this method, lack of general consensus on the quality and framework of research rounds, the problem of generalizability of results, lack of Specialized and free websites in this field, the challenge of access to the Internet for all researchers or experts, conventional technical problems, discussion of the conveying the information to the computer intend to analyzing, the measuring problems of the consensus, theoretical saturation and the risk of false saturation, this method interferes with some other techniques like survey, the need for the researcher's relative mastery of the subject matter. But despite all these shortcomings, the unique advantage of E-Delphi is that it is able to predict the future and fate of an issue such as the future of technology, a training method, or a treatment protocol over the next few years or decades.

    Keywords: Delphi, E-Delphi, Steps of E-Delphi
  • Tahereh Shafaghat, Mohammad Kazem Rahimi Zarchi, Nahid Hatam*, Zahra Kavosi
    Introduction

    Selecting the best set of input and output indicators and allocation of correct weights to them is a sensitive step in any efficiency evaluation study. Therefore, the present study aims to determine and rank the efficiency indicators of hospitals.

    Methods

    This mixed-method study was carried out in three steps: comprehensive literature review, application of the Delphi method to determine the best indicators for efficiency evaluation of the hospitals, and utilization of a fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (FAHP) for weighting of final indicators and ranking them.

    Results

    8 input and 9 output indicators were selected for efficiency evaluation of the hospitals which were weighted by FAHP. Among the input indicators, the number of physicians and active beds and among the output indicators, length of stay and number of surgeries were identified to be the most important indicators.

    Conclusion

    According to the proposed indicators and their accurate weights, efficiency evaluation of hospitals can be done more accurately, reliably, and comprehensively.

    Keywords: Efficiency, Indicator, Delphi, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process, Hospital
  • خاطره سیلانی، علی اکبر شاه حسینی، رضا گوهرانی*، فرشید رحیمی، امیر واحدیان
    مقدمه

    شناسایی عواملی که بتواند به تضمین و ارتقاء سلامت معنوی دانشجویان کمک کند می تواند راهنمای پرورش و تربیت پرستاران مثبت نگر، خوش بین و برخوردار از احساس معنا داری و هدفمندی برای سیستم آموزشی باشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدل ارتباط سلامت معنوی با مولفه های تحصیلی و بهزیستی دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد مراقبت ویژه انجام شد.

    روش کار

    مطالعه حاضر یک مطالعه تلفیقی بوده که با استفاده از مرور روایتی در فاز اول و رویکرد دلفی سه مرحله ای در فاز دوم در نیمه دوم سال 1394 و نیمه اول سال 1395 انجام شد. 35 نفر از متخصصین سلامت معنوی از طریق نمونه گیری هدفمند و سپس گلوله برفی انتخاب و در پنج مرحله پانل شرکت کردند. در قسمت طراحی نسخه اولیه مدل مطالعات مرتبط از بین کلیه مقالات در دسترس "مجله ایرانی آموزش در علوم پزشکی" مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. دسته بندی کمی و کیفی، اولویت بندی و دسته بندی متغیرها به دو دسته مولفه های تحصیلی و بهزیستی در سه مرحله مطالعه دلفی انجام شد.

    یافته ها

     یافته های مطالعه حاضر نشان داد سلامت معنوی دانشجویان در یک ارتباط دوسویه و متقابل از مولفه های تحصیلی دانشجو شامل رضایت از رشته، خودکارآمدی تحصیلی و انگیزش تحصیلی و مولفه های بهزیستی شامل بهزیستی روان شناختی، عمل فکورانه و هوش فرهنگی تاثیر پذیرفته و بر آنها تاثیر می گذارد.

    نتیجه گیری

     پایش و تقویت مولفه های تحصیلی و بهزیستی دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد ویژه و متغیرهای مرتبط با آنها چه در قالب غربالگری اولیه و چه در طول مدت تحصیل در راستای حفظ و تقویت سلامت معنوی دانشجویان که از مهمترین پیش نیازهای ارائه مراقبت کل نگر است، باید مورد توجه سیستم آموزشی قرار گیرد.

    کلید واژگان: سلامت معنوی، بهزیستی، تحصیلی، دلفی، مرور روایتی، دانشجویان پرستاری
    Khatereh Seylani, Aliakbar Shahhoseini, Farshid Rahimi, Amir Vahedian, Reza Goharani*
    Introduction

    Identifying factors that can help to ensure and promote the spiritual well-being of the students may draw an outlook for educational system to train and nurture nurses who are optimistic, meaningful and purposeful in their upcoming career. The study purpose was designing the spiritual health relationship model with the educational and well-being components of the master nursing students in critical care.

    Methods

    A mixed research conducted in two phases of narrative review and three-step Delphi approach in the second-half of 1394 and the first-half of 1395. Through purposeful and snowball sampling 35 experts in spiritual health were selected and participated in the five stages of panel. To design the initial version of the study model, all available articles in “Iranian Journal of Medical Education” were reviewed. Quantitative and qualitative categorization, prioritizing and categorizing the variables into two groups of educational and well-being components were done in three stages of Delphi study.

    Results

    The findings of this study showed that students' spiritual well-being is in a two-ways and mutual-relation between student's academic components including academic satisfaction, academic self-efficacy and academic-motivation and well-being components including psychological well-being, thoughtful practice and cultural intelligence.

    conclusion

    Monitoring and enhancing the academic and well-being components of master students of critical care and their related variables, either in the form of initial screening or during the course of study, should be considered by educational system in order to maintain and enhance the spiritual well-being of students, which is one of the most important prerequisites for providing holistic care.

    Keywords: Academic, Delphi, Narrative review, Nursing students, Spiritual health, Well-being
  • Zahra Kavosi, Hamed Rahimi, Saeideh Khanian *, Payam Farhadi, Erfan Kharazmi
    Background
    Outsourcing is considered as one of the tools for organizational development and promotion of productivity by managers. In recent years, outsourcing of healthcare services has become significant. The aim of this study was to identify the most important factors influencing the decision making of outsourcing healthcare services.

    Methods
    This study is a combined study. First, the literature was examined to identify the factors influencing decision making for outsourcing. Then, with the aim of consensus on the most important factors affecting the decision making of outsourcing in health services, the panel of experts and Delphi technique were used. Sampling was purposeful.

    Results
    In the selected articles, a total of 180 factors were extracted. The members of the panel of experts from these 180 factors selected 29 sub-factors in the form of six main factors: strategy, quality, management, technology, performance feature, and economy, as the most important factors affecting the outsourcing of services. Finally, the results of Delphi showed that 22 sub-factors were more important in outsourcing decision making at healthcare services.

    Conclusion
    The study showed that the decision making to outsource health services is a complex and multi-criteria decision. Therefore, when deciding to outsource healthcare services, attention should be paid to various factors, such as strategy, quality, management, technology, and economics.
    Keywords: Outsourcing, Health services, Management, Decision making, Quality, Delphi
  • حمیرا سجادی، مروئه وامقی *، فرحناز محمدی شاهبلاغی، دلارام علی، سید حسین محققی کمال
    مقدمه و اهداف
    بهزیستی کودکان یک سازه چندبعدی است که به جنبه های مختلف زندگی کودکان می پردازد. مطالعه در پی شناخت حوزه های اصلی زندگی کودکان، مولفه ها و نشانگرهای آن ها در ایران است تا در سنجش بهزیستی کودکان در ایران مورداستفاده قرار گیرد.
    روش کار
    در این مطالعه ابعاد، مولفه ها و نشانگرهای بهزیستی کودکان که از طریق مرور منابع و دیدگاه های مطلعین و کودکان استخراج شده بود، از طریق سه دور مطالعه دلفی توسط30 نفر از صاحب نظران دارای سابقه آموزشی، پژوهشی یا اجرایی در حوزه های مختلف زندگی کودکان موردبررسی قرار گرفت. ابعاد و مولفه های دارای نمره بالاتر از میانگین انتخاب و درصد موافقت اعضا دلفی با نشانگرهای مرتبط با آن ها موردسنجش قرار گرفت.
    یافته ها
    شش بعد بهزیستی کودکان شامل سلامت جسمی، مخاطرات و ایمنی، وضعیت اقتصادی، خانواده، بهزیستی فردی و اجتماعی، آموزش و مسکن و محیط زندگی و 25 مولفه و110 نشانگر مربوط به ابعاد مختلف بهزیستی کودکان توسط اعضا دلفی انتخاب شدند. در مورد مرتبط بودن نشانگرها با مولفه ها و ابعاد موافقت100%، واضح و روشن بودن توافق 96%، در نظر گرفتن وضعیت حال و آینده کودک 95%، در بر گرفتن گروه های سنی مختلف 95%، جامع بودن نشانگرها توافق 86% و تناسب کلی نشانگرها با مولفه ها توافق 95%حاصل شد.
    نتیجه گیری
    مولفه ها و بیانگرهای پیشنهادی این مطالعه جهت ساخت شاخص ترکیبی بهزیستی کودکان می تواند با پایش و مقایسه وضعیت بهزیستی کودکان ایرانی بین استان های کشور و سال های متفاوت نقاط قوت و ضعف سیاست ها و برنامه های مرتبط را مشخص کرده و دولت را در اتخاذ سیاست های مناسب و بومی در کشور استان ها یاری دهد.
    کلید واژگان: بهزیستی کودکان، حوزه، مولفه، بیانگر، ایران، دلفی
    H. Sajadi, M. Vameghi *, F. Mohammadi Shahboulaghi, D. Ali, Sh Mohaqeqi Kamal
    Background And Objectives
    Children’s well-being is a multidimensional construct that precedes various aspects of children's lives. This study sought to identify the main areas of children's wellbeing in Iran and their domains, components, and indicators that can be used to measure the well-being of children in Iran.
    Methods
    In this Delphi study, 30 experts that had educational, research, and executive experiences in various areas of children’s life were consulted. The dimensions, components, and indicators of children’s wellbeing were extracted through a review of the literature and views of the experts and children. The Delphi method was applied in three rounds. The dimensions and components with a higher-than-average score were selected and the percentage of Delphi members’ agreement with related indicators was measured.
    Results
    Generally, 25 components and 110 indicators related to 7 domains (physical health, safety and risks, economical situation, family, personal and social well-being, education, housing and living conditions) were selected by Delphi members. Consensus on the relevancy of indicators, proportionality, and comprehensiveness was 100%, 95%, and 86%, respectively.
    Conclusion
    The components and indicators suggested in this study can help to create a composite index for monitoring and comparing the status of the children’s wellbeing between different provinces of Iran in different times. It can also show the strengths and weaknesses of the policies and programs related to children’s wellbeing and help the government to adopt appropriate policies for the whole country as well as each province.
    Keywords: Child wellbeing, Domains, Components, Indicators, Delphi, Iran
  • Yadolah Zarezadeh, Haidar Nadrian, Golakeh Karimi, Tayeb Ghadimi, Fayegh Yousefi, Arash Pooladi, Arezoo Yari*
    Background
    General physicians play a significant role in the health management of crises. In order to enhance the knowledge and skills of medical students on how to address health-related issues in crises and to promote their ability to manage and deal with such crises after graduation, appropriate training is necessary.
    Methods
    Applying the Delphi method, 103 experts with field experience in health management and crises were invited to participate in the study. The Delphi study provided aggregation of the opinions and extracted the topics. Conventional content analysis was used to make sense of qualitative data gathered during the study.
    Results
    Among the feedback (n = 66) obtained in the first round, a primary list was extracted including 27 topics and 97 single items. Nineteen major topics, encompassing 97 items, were finally determined in the subsequent rounds. The participants agreed to teach this course at the beginning the internship period via different methods of instruction.
    Conclusion
    This study indicated that health management in crises is important and must be taught in medicine. This study provided a blueprint and an educational rationale as well as contents and structure of a course on health management in crisis to be delivered in undergraduate medical education.
    Keywords: Health management, Crisis, Course, Delphi, Medical students
  • محمد جواد احمدی زاده*، سید هادی سید علی تبار، یدالله محمدیان
    زمینه و هدف
    شاخص های سلامت سازمانی در مراکز و نهادهای نظامی از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعیین شاخص های سلامت رفتار سازمانی در یک سازمان نظامی بود.
    روش ها
    روش پژوهش، توصیفی از نوع کیفی و در سال 1395 انجام شده است. جامعه آماری شامل خبرگان و صاحب نظران حوزه رفتار سازمانی داخل و خارج یک سازمان نظامی بود. تعداد 20 نفر از خبرگان و صاحب نظران حوزه رفتار سازمانی به صورت هدفمند با استفاده از فن دلفی و ابزار پرسشنامه محقق ساخته سلامت رفتار سازمانی انتخاب شدند. ضریب هماهنگی توافقی کندال، آزمون خی دو و آزمون تحیل واریانس فریدمن برای رتبه بندی مولفه ها به کمک نرم افزار SPSS.16 داده ها مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
    یافته ها
    یافته های پژوهش نشان گر این موضوع بود که در شاخص های ورودی؛ جذب نیرو (98%) و شرایط مالی سازمان (98%)؛ و در شاخص های فرایندی، نگرش بلندمدت در سازمان (92%)، انسجام (98%)، سطح فناوری (100%)، سطح نوآوری (100%)، فرهنگ سازمانی (96%)، ظرفیت فراگیری (94%)؛ و در شاخص های خروجی نیروی انسانی توسعه یافته با قدرت جایگزینی (96%) به عنوان شاخص های سلامت رفتار سازمانی به دست آمدند.
    نتیجه گیری
    نتایج پژوهش نشان گر آن بود که از میان شاخص های سلامت رفتار سازمانی، میانگین رتبه ها از بالاترین رتبه تا پایین ترین رتبه عبارت اند از: سطح فناوری، سطح نوآوری و جذب نیرو از اهمیت بالاتری نسبت به شاخص های دیگر برخوردارند.
    کلید واژگان: سلامت رفتار سازمانی، شاخص، کارکنان، نیروهای مسلح، دلفی، پژوهش کیفی
    Mohammad Javad Ahmadizadeh*, Sayed Hadi Sayed Alitabar, Yadollah Mohammadian
    Background And Aim
    Organizational health indicators are of particular importance in military centers and institutions. The purpose of this study was to determine the indicators of organizational behavior health in a military organization.
    Methods
    This research was a descriptive qualitative study conducted during 2016. The population consisted of professionals and experts in the field of organizational behavior inside and outside a military organization. A total of 20 experts and professionals in the field of organizational behavior were selected by purposeful method using Delphi technique and a researcher-made questionnaire designed for organizational behavioral health. Kendall consensus coordination coefficient, Chi-square test, and Friedman variance analysis test for ranking components were analyzed by SPSS.16 software.
    Results
    Recruitment (98%) and financial conditions (98%) as input parameters; long-term vision of the organization (92%), integrity (98%), technology level (100%), the level of innovation (100%), organizational culture (96%), learning capacity (94%) as indicators of process, and human resources developed with alternative power (96%) as output indicators of the health of organizational behavior were obtained.
    Conclusion
    The results indicate that among the health indicators of organizational behavior, the average rating from the highest rank to the lowest rank are: the level of technology, innovation and recruitment levels which are more important than the other indices.
    Keywords: Health Organizational Behavior, Indicators, Armed Forces, Delphi, Qualitative Research
  • Alireza Irajpour, Marziye Salimi, Leila Mardanian, Mojtaba Rahimi
    Background
    Intensive care unit is a center to provide comprehensive care for critically ill patients whose condition can be improved by receiving specialized care. The importance of accurate and rapid monitoring of patients at this precise moment is in recording patient data and its comparison with previous data. Monitoring the patient by either devices or direct examination of the nurses requires accurate documentation. Hence, accuracy of the documentation is essential to enhance the quality of care, despite the high volume of data in intensive care unit.
    Materials And Methods
    This study was conducted by review of domestic and international texts through Delphi method. There were 20 participants in Delphi stage. Data were collected by the questionnaires sent in two stages. Experts’ panel was used to complete and finalize the obtained structures. Data analysis was conducted by descriptive statistics in the form of frequency percentage.
    Results
    In a review of 15 domestic and international flow sheets as well as 30 reference texts and 80 articles, 99 primary flow sheet structures were detected, of which 58 had a consensus of >70%. With the goal of avoiding repetition and making the recordable data brief, and with respect to the nurses’ initial assessment in better planning and administration of care, a flow sheet was designed as a nursing admission sheet to be completed at the moment of admission. Its content and template had consensus among the panel of experts, and the instruction for complement of the sheets was finally developed.
    Conclusions
    After obtaining content validity and including the given indications, daily monitoring sheet and admission sheet were developed.
    Keywords: Delphi, intensive care unit, Iran, monitoring, assessment, nursing daily monitoring sheet, nursing intervention, nursing note
  • Behzad Maghsoudi, Seyed Hesamodin Tabei *, Farid Zand, Hamidreza Tabatabaee, Armin Akbarzadeh
    Background
    Demand for ICU beds is exceeding its supply. Since the sources are limited in some centers, it is necessary to design a model to identify the patients who benefit more from ICU beds..
    Objectives
    The present study aimed to develop a model to prioritize adult patients according to their clinical indications by a three rounded Delphi method study..Patients and
    Methods
    In this study, 22 physicians who practiced in a source limited hospital in southern Iran were invited to participate in a three phase Delphi survey..
    Results
    At first, the panelists recommended 30 indications. The indications in the first checklist plus those obtained by literature review formed the second checklist which contained 36 items. The items were scored from 0 to 10 by the panelists. According to the scores, the indications were categorized into three priority levels, which were confirmed by the panelists in the third round..
    Conclusions
    This simple checklist contains the indications for ICU admission categorized into three priority levels. This checklist can be considered as a guide for physicians who practice in hospitals with limited number of ICU beds..
    Keywords: Intensive Care Unit, Delphi, Prioritizing
نکته
  • نتایج بر اساس تاریخ انتشار مرتب شده‌اند.
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