فصلنامه زبان شناسی اجتماعی
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 10، بهار 1399)

This study deals with interpersonal media gossips in order to discover which of the two strategies, namely, politeness and impoliteness are more frequent in the context of the present study. Brown and Levinson's (1996) Politeness and Culpeper's (1996) impoliteness were used as theoretical frameworks. The data were composed of 3078 utterances containing 50230 words, talking about 10 male and 10 female famous Iranian actors. The findings showed that 2820 utterances represented impoliteness strategies while only 258 utterances contained politeness strategies. Results of statistical analyses revealed that negative strategy (60%) is the most frequently used impoliteness strategies, and positive strategy (77%) is the more frequently used politeness strategies.

The use of language in contemporary art is one of the types of rhetorical painting. Written language accompanies image in a variety of forms such as the use of writing in painting in conjunction with a work that forms multi-modal text. Linguists such as Michael O'Toole have studied non-linguistic texts such as painting in system-functional linguistic theory. The present paper intends to study the two-sided painting by defining the three functions of representation, modal, and composition in the theoretical framework of O'Toole. By analyzing the works of Sagar Daeiri among the numerous examples of this type in contemporary Iranian paintings, we seek to answer to this question: What is the function of text language in contemporary painting? It seems that based on the chosen theoretical framework of language and written signs in painting, a powerful modality aspect is created to communicate and interact with the audience and in this way, writing in painting becomes a powerful tool in conveying and criticizing social, cultural, and political messages.

The link between language and literature in transferring ideologies is an attractive and practical field in contemporary linguistics. Since, in addition  to the language, our way of thinking is metaphorical, one can achieve the dominant thinking in a discourse by examining the metaphors of a text. The study of prevailing thoughts in fiction is important because of the interaction between the audience and the community. In this research, the effect of feminist ideology was evaluated through the analysis of conceptual metaphors. The quantitative data of this research, which were examined through a descriptive-analytic method have consisted of 136 conceptual metaphors with the female target domain, selected and evaluated from the works of six male and female authors (of the eighties(AH)). The results indicated that 17 source domains including animal, plant, food, dish, struggle, religion, object, trade, occupation, well, water, fire, light, instrument, event, mountain and the mine is used to conceptualize the female. A few metaphors have been influenced by feminist thinking in the discourse of the story, and the feminist ideology of dominant thinking is not considered in this decade, although the stereotypical attitude toward women has been somehow changed in these fictional works, the dominant ideology still looks traditional.

Immigration constitutes a significant impetus for making changes in identity. The present research aims to study the linguistic identity of migrant Lak living in Namjoo (Gorgan) Neighborhood of Tehran from a sociolinguistic point of view. Thus, with a qualitative approach, the data were collected through observation, semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 23 informants who were selected through snowball sampling. The data were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic analysis. The findings showed tha there was a difference among the residents in terms of language-mediated identity building with variation of age and generation. The second generation of women's mastery of Lak language was lower than men's, but they showed more willingnes than men to produce their own language to be closer to the standard language. The first generation's skill at understanding and speaking Lak was higher than men's and contrary to the second generation, they showed resistance against homogenizing conditions by employitng the langusge to Lak speakers in public and private contexts. However, the second generation showed more flexibility in their use of mother tongue due to their life experirnce. Unlike Laki, Persian (the official language) has a comprehensive writing system, efficiency, value, and social proof that facilitates its acceptance. Hence, Lak language is threatened not only by migrants in the host society but also due to lacking a writing system.

Variety of dialects and accents can easily be found within geographical and social domain of languages. Since the geography of linguistic diversity in Ardabil province has not been studied before, the present survey examined the Azerbaijani-Turkish dialect based on the words in Leipzig-Jakarta list. The research data were collected from indigenous equivalents of 109 lexical entries by interviewing the speakers in 35 point locations through stratified random sampling method. Computational analysis of data at the phonetic level showed that different Azerbaijani-Turkish varieties are not dialects, rather sub-dialects. The general compaction of linguistic variables in the region is explained based on Wave Model. The linguistic atlas predicts the geographical source of linguistic changes over Aslandooz of Pars-abad, Meshgin-shahr west, and Neyr and Kousar of Ardabil south.

Gathering and preserving dialects is essential; however, unfortunately, with carelessness and negligence, we are witnessing the destruction of dialects in many parts of Iran. The present sociolinguistic research examined the degree of “familiarity” and “usage” of Kermani dialect words in two different age groups of native speakers including students of 18 and adults of 40-50 years old. The study was a descriptive-analytical and self-assessment questionnaire-based research.  The questionnaire data were 50 words in the Kermani dialect. The effect of variables such as age, gender and parents' level of education on the degree of “familiarity”and “usage” of Kermani words were measured. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the familiarity and usage of native words. On the other hand, gender did not have a significant effect on the familiarity of words by 18 years old students, whereas its effect was significant on the usage of words. In the other group, the effect of gender was not statistically significant on the familiarity and usage of words. Parents' level of education had significant effect on the familiarity of words; however, only mothers’ level of education had significant effect on the usage of words by the youth.

This study investigates the effect of the addressee’s power on the type and number of giving advice strategies, such as “on record”, “negative politeness”, “two” and “three” combination, employed by Persian male and female university students based on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory.  A number of 60 M.A students (30 males and 30 females) from the University of Sistan and Baluchestan participated in this study. Discourse completion tests and role play techniques were utilized as two data gathering methods. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results of the two data collection methods show that the addressee’s power affects the type and the number of giving advice strategies and there is a significant relationship between the addressee’s power and the type as well as the number of giving advice strategies employed by male and female university students. The most frequent strategy type is the “negative politeness” strategies while the least frequent type are “don’t do face threatening act” strategies. As to the number of the strategies, the most frequent and less frequent ones are the combination of three and nine strategies respectively.