مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و ششم شماره 5 (پیاپی 191، آذر و دی 1402)

Although deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is not a common disease in general population, it leads to life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism. It is more common in hospitalized patients and can be easily prevented by preventive methods, significantly.

Patients admitted to the Vascular Surgery Department l, who were hospitalized for more than three days, were evaluated for the incidence of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs by color Doppler ultrasound.  The frequency of DVT in patients was investigated according to age, gender, deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis and length of hospitalization.

Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed in 59 out of 200 evaluated patients (29.5%), this frequency was regardless of age, sex, duration of hospitalization and DVT prophylaxis.60% patients have received DVT prophylaxis, and the frequency of DVT in this group was 13.3%. 40% patients did not receive DVT prophylaxis, and the frequency of DVT in this group was 53.8%.

It is recommended that adult patients hospitalized for vascular surgery receive DVT prophylaxis regardless of age, sex, and duration of hospitalization.  Considering that even the prescription of DVT prophylaxis cannot completely prevent DVT, it is recommended to use other preventive methods such as mechanical methods in vascular surgery patients with medium and high risk of DVT.

Lack of familiarity with netiquette or virtual professionalism will be considered a problem for each of the two key elements of the educational system(teacher and student)will lead to misunderstandings and sometimes behaviors that are far from their dignity.The aim of this study is to design the netiquette model in the virtual education of medical students.

At first by reviewing the literature on the subject and library studies,the dimensions and components related to the subject were extracted and then to design the conceptual model of the research using the Delphi research method and an expert panel,the most important dimensions and components of Netiquette were determined.The statistical community included 15experts who were selected in relation to the research topic.

the Netiquette model was finalized with 10dimensions and 31components.The dimensions in the Netiquette variable include setup,evaluation and Netiquette rules and in the e-learning variable it includes technology,education,management,user interface design,ethical,organizational and evaluation.The criteria for accepting each component was its placement in the 3rd to 4th quartile.In this regard according to the agreement,there is no need to continue the Delphi process.

In the virtual education of the University of Medical Sciences, one of the ways to prevent the occurrence of many disorders in communication between professors and students is to familiarize them with the Netiquette process. Lack of familiarity with netiquette in cyberspace will overshadow activities such as educational design and content editing

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of family-centered musical computer rehabilitation on communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included children with autism spectrum disorder in the center of Khurshid Shahr Amol in the first six months of 2022. 30 student with autism spectrum disorder were selected through random sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 children). The experimental group received ten minute sessions of family-centered musical computer rehabilitation during ten weeks. The applied questionnaire included communication skills Questionnaire (Matson, 1983) (CSQ). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed analysis of Variance and post hoc Bonferroni test via SPSS23 software. The results showed that family-centered musical computer rehabilitation has significant effect on the communication skills (F=36.74; Eta=0.56; P<0001) of children with autism spectrum disorder. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that family-centered musical computer rehabilitation can be used as an efficient method to increace communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder by using music and its therapeutic properties as well as using the family to deepen learning and communicate effectively with a child with autism spectrum disorder.

Fixators are the basic equipment for fractures that are divided into two categories, internal and external. The success of clinical applications of external fixators has decreased due to their infection after orthopedic surgery. Meanwhile, the loosening of the pin embedded in the bone occurs due to the presence of bacteria and the formation of biofilm on the pin, and this infection will progress to the joint surface of the bone and the pin. Natural elements with antibacterial activity attract much attention as a coating on implants surface in orthopedics surgery. This article reviewed common elements with antibacterial activity that can be loaded into the HA structure as a coating for improving their clinical efficiency. Substitution ions such as copper, silver, magnesium, strontium, zinc, silicon, and fluoride in an appetite network can stimulate bone formation at the fracture site. In this article, common antibacterial ions in the form of loading -HA have been investigated as coating orthopedic fixators. good strength and antibacterial activity presented for silver, and corrosion resistance and high porosity are advantages of copper. Also, magnesium with favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability, zinc with high strength, and silicon and fluorine with high flexibility, favorable mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance are introduced. Among the mentioned elements, silver and fluoride, due to having more favorable antibacterial activity and excellent bone regeneration, can be more suitable candidates for loading in the HA structure with the application of the coating on the orthopedic surface.

Immune checkpoints are immune receptors that negatively regulate immune responses and T-cells through multiple mechanisms. Immune checkpoints are upregulated in various tumor cells and allow cancer cells to escape and evade specific antitumor immune surveillance. One of the most prominent of these checkpoints is PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. The binding of PD-L1 expressed by tumor cells to PD-1 on the surface of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) leads to CTL suppression. Moreover, PD-L1 can dramatically increase tumorigenesis and metastasis, so the measurement of expression levels of PD-1/PD-L1 is lucrative for predicting the cancer prognosis. Accordingly, one of the most novel and important techniques that emerged as a revolutionary therapy to achieve potential anti-tumor immune responses is blocking these immune checkpoints by specific monoclonal antibodies called immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Since 2014, seven anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for therapy in an extensive spectrum of cancers. Immune checkpoint therapy has been demonstrated to be a promising strategy for controlling advanced various types of cancers. Hence, studying these new approaches to cancer therapy is recommended. The present review will briefly summarize the interaction between PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and tumor cells as well as the effect of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in cancer.

Sleep disorders are the most common behavioral complaints in children. Signs and symptoms of inadequate sleep in children are different from those in adults and may manifest as mood swings, activities, and excessive attention span and neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate sleep disorders in children referred to pediatric clinics and its relationship with maternal insomnia in Baharloo Hospital in 1397-98.

This is a cross-sectional study of analytical-descriptive type. The statistical population includes children aged 2 to 12 years referred to Baharloo Hospital who were included in the study as a sample by considering the inclusion criteria of 303 people. Data collection tools include; The BEARS questionnaire was used to assess sleep disorders in children and the ISI questionnaire was used to assess maternal insomnia. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and T-test.

The results showed that among children aged 2 to 12 years, 74 mothers had insomnia according to the sleep questionnaire. The mother had a daughter and 38 mothers had a son. But insomnia mothers were higher in percentage among mothers of female children (44.4%) (p <0.05). There was also a significant relationship between children who have trouble going to bed at night and who have an insomniac mother. Among sleepless mothers (n = 74), 27 children (36.5%) had difficulty going to bed at night, which was higher in terms of both number and percentage of children of mothers with normal sleep (p <0.05). .

The external fixators (pins) have many applications in orthopedic surgeries in the field of trauma. The success of clinical applications of external fixators has decreased due to their infection after orthopedic surgery. Meanwhile, the loosening of the pin embedded in the bone occurs due to the presence of bacteria and the formation of biofilm on the pin, and this infection will progress to the joint surface of the bone and the pin. Among the different techniques to improve the bone-pin interface in external fixation, coating the pins with antibacterial materials proved to be the most effective. Accordingly, the present study has focused on synthesis by sol gel method, structural, and antibacterial evaluations of Ag-FHA structure. The FESEM images and Mapping analysis confirmed the nano-scale size and homogeneous dispersion of particles in the Ag-FHA structure, respectively. In addition, the FTIR results indicated the hydroxyapatite formation in obtained structure. The XRD analysis has shown that the conversion of the amorphous phase to the crystalline phase occurred in all structures at a temperature of about 300 to 350 ° C , and the formation of the HA phase is increased and completed at 600 ° C. The antibacterial study was done by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) determination. The obtained results showed that the Ag 0.2-FHA could significantly inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

The importance of obesity in chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases is well known. This study aimed to assess the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on PI3K expression in cardiac tissue in obesed rats with high fat diet (HFD).

For this purpose, from 21 male Wistar rats aged 10 week (220 – 10 g), 14 rats obesed by 6 weeks high-fat diet (HFD) were randomly divided to control obese (n=7) or exercise obese (n=7) groups. Also, 7 rats with normal weight were selected as normal group. The exercise rats were completed 8 weeks HIIT (5 times weekly) in the form of interval runs on the treadmill. The control obese and normal groups did not participate in the exercise program. 48 hours after the lasting exercise session, PI3K expression in cardiac tissue, the heart/body weight ratio and left ventricular/heart weight ratio were compared by One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test between groups (P< 0.05).

On the other hand, HIIT resulted in significant increase in PI3K expression in heart tissue (P = 0.001), heart/body weight ratio (P = 0.027) and left ventricular/body weight ratio (P = 0.015) in obese compared to control rat groups.

Based on these data, cardiac hypertrophy in response to HIIT may be attributed to increased PI3K expression in heart tissue. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the effect of exercise on cardiac hypertrophy requires more studies.

Nursing is one of the most stressful jobs related to medicine and health, therefore, detecting the variables related to job burnout of nurses due to is stressfulness is of high importance. The purpose of this research was to predict Job burnout Based On subjective well-being, psychological capital, demand and resources job in nurses. The population of the study consisted of all nurses working in hospitals in Qazvin city and Research sample consisted of 180 nurses selected through random sampling. Questionnaire to collect data for the study of Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin subjective well-being scale (SWS), Luthans psychological capital scale (PCS), Bakker demand (JDS) and resources job scale (JRS) and Maslach Job Burnout Inventory responded (MBI). Data using correlation coefficient and multiple regression methods were analyzed. The results showed that subjective well-being and burnout (p<001, r=-0/185), psychological capital and Job burnout (p<001, r=-0/213) and resources job and Job burnout (p<001, r=-0/249) there was a significant negative correlation and demand job and Job burnout (p<001, r=0/256) there was a significant positive correlation. Also, the results of the multivariate regression analysis showed that the variables subjective well-being, psychological capital, demand and resources job were able to explain 26% of the variance of Job burnout. According to the results of the study, it is suggested that mental health professionals and managers involved in this area reduce the Job burnout of nurses' work on the role of practice of subjective well-being, psychological capital, demand and resources job.

Intellectual and social capital are important organizational assets that can greatly help the organization in creating and sharing knowledge to improve the organization's performance. Therefore, the current research was developed with the aim of designing and presenting the mentioned model and validating it in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

This research is of a mixed type. The research strategy in the qualitative part is content analysis and in the quantitative part, survey. The statistical sample in the qualitative stage was 13 experts and university specialists who were selected as the sample size using the principle of saturation and the purposeful and judgmental sampling method. The statistical sample in the quantitative section was all the employees and faculty members of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in the number of 15415. The data collection method is indepth and semi structured interview in the qualitative part and questionnaire in the quantitative part. To analyze the data of this research, in the qualitative part of the software, Maxqda version 2018, and in the quantitative part, SPSS and structural equations were used from AMOS.

The findings in the mentioned model include intellectual capital in 4 dimensions of human capital, structural, customer respect and innovation, and social capital in 3 dimensions of structural, relational and cognitive capital. In the quantitative part, the results showed that the mentioned model has the required validity.

According to the results of the research, it is possible to strengthen social capital in structural, relational and cognitive dimensions by strengthening intellectual capital.

Nowadays, obesity as one of the most important public health problems of adolescents has increased widely in the whole world. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of an educational program based on mindfulness on body image in adolescents with obesity.

The current research was of quasi-experimental type with pre-test, post-test and control group. 50 students from the statistical population of students suffering from obesity in one district of Tehran city were selected by the available method and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The students of the experimental and control groups responded to the body image concern questionnaire (Littleton et al., 2005) in two stages, pre-test and post-test. The experimental group received the developed program based on mindfulness for 14 sessions. The data were analyzed using covariance analysis.

Descriptive results showed that the concern about the body image of teenagers in the experimental group decreased in the post-test compared to the pre-test. The results of the covariance test also showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of body image concern (p<0.0001 and F=38.86).

Based on the results, paying attention to the training program based on mindfulness as an effective method to reduce the body image of obese teenagers can be useful.

Aging is a universal, inherent, progressive and damaging process that is related to systemic inflammation. mir146a is a negative regulator of inflammation whose levels have been shown to decrease with age. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intense intermittent exercise on the expression of mir146a, blood sugar, insulin and insulin resistance in the hippocampus of aged male rats.

In this study, 20 Wistar male rats aged 18-21 months with an average weight of 280±20 grams were selected. Then they were randomly divided into 2 groups, 1: HIIT training (10 rats) 2: control (10 rats). The training group trained 5 days a week according to the intense interval training program for 8 weeks. did sports. The expression levels of mir146a, blood sugar, insulin and insulin resistance were measured. In data analysis, independent t-test was used and the data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 8 software at a significance level of P <0.05

The results showed that eight weeks of intense intermittent training increased the expression of miR146a in the training group compared to the control group (p<001). The level of blood sugar, insulin and insulin resistance in the exercise group had a significant decrease compared to the control (p<001).

It seems that eight weeks of HIIT training can prevent hippocampal atrophy by increasing the expression of mir146a. Probably, HIIT exercises can be a suitable non-therapeutic mechanism for elderly people to prevent or cognitive complications

Infertility is recognized worldwide as an important public health problem that is related to many psychological variables, so this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of acceptance-based therapy on anxiety, sexual satisfaction and depression in infertile women aged 30 to 40, focusing on the city of Mashhad. The research design is experimental of pre-test-post-test type with a follow-up phase. The statistical population of the research includes infertile women referring to medical centers in Mashhad city. The number of subjects is 45 and 15 people from each group were selected and studied by random sampling from infertility treatment centers. In the pre-test phase of the experimental and control groups, each of the research questionnaires (depression, anxiety and sexual satisfaction) were answered and their opinions were collected, and then the experimental group received the educational intervention based on acceptance and commitment for a period of He received 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The content validity of the questionnaires was obtained using the opinion of professors, and the reliability coefficient of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 78%, and data analysis was done using SPSS software. The results showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment is effective on sex satisfaction, anxiety and depression of infertile women. It seems that this treatment method can be used to improve the mentioned variables.

Infidelity in married life is a major cause of marital dissatisfaction and also the main cause of psychological problems, conflicts and marital incompatibilities, this research aims to compare the effectiveness of Emotion Focused, acceptance and commitment and positive interventions on marital boredom and Alexithymia of women affected by infidelity was done.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with three experimental groups and one control group along with a follow-up test. 43 people were selected from the community of women referring to psychological clinics due to the damage caused by marital infidelity, using the available sampling method and using the random replacement method in three groups (Emotion Focused, acceptance and commitment and positive interventions) were replaced. The research tools were questionnaires of marital boredom (Pines, 1996) and Alexithymia (Bagbi et al., 1994). The data were analyzed using the repeated measurement test and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

The findings showed that Emotion Focused therapy was significantly more effective than acceptance and commitment and positivity (p<0.005) and acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective than positivity therapy on marital burnout (0.005). >p). Also, the results showed that Emotion Focused therapy was more effective than positive-oriented therapy on Alexithymia (p<0.005).

According to the findings of the present study, Emotion Focused therapy can be suggested as a more effective method to improve the marital life of people affected by infidelity.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on pain efficacy and coping styles in metastatic breast cancer patients resistant to treatment. The statistical population included all female patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. 45 patients were selected using a targeted non-random sampling method and were completely randomly replaced in two experimental groups (narrative therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy) and a control group (15 people in each group). Data collection tools included Pain Self-Efficacy Scale (PSEQ), Lazarus Coping Strategies Scale. The experimental group underwent narrative therapy intervention (8 sessions of 2 hours) and cognitive-behavioral intervention (9 sessions of 60-90 minutes). The data was analyzed using SPSS-26 software and using analysis of variance and LSD.The findings showed that the effectiveness of narrative treatment on pain self-efficacy (F = 2.684, P < 0.001, F = (43,2) 60.734) and coping styles (0.567 = 2ᶯ, 0.001) >P, 286/35=(43, F) is significant. Also, CBT-based intervention on pain self-efficacy (F = 2.689, P < 0.001, F = 2.43) and coping styles (P < 0.001, 370 = 0.754) /231=(43.2) F) has a significant effect. According to the results of LSD, compared to the cognitive-behavioral therapy group, the narrative therapy group increased in the post-test of pain self-efficacy and problem-oriented coping style and decreased in the emotion-oriented coping style at a significant level (p<0.05). Is.

Teachers with high psychological capital create and create a positive atmosphere based on self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience in themselves and students. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the mediating role of psychological capital on the quality of work life and job motivation of teachers in Alborz province by presenting a model.

In terms of the method of data collection, it was a qualitative research using the Delphi method. The statistical population consisted of 20 experts, senior managers and education experts of Alborz province and experts in the field of psychology and psychology in Alborz province. Based on the saturation law, 10 were determined and selected as a statistical sample, which was conducted through an in-depth and exploratory semi-structured interview.

After performing three rounds of qualitative Delphi technique, 8 components were obtained as follows: trust, self-confidence, responsibility, successful experiences, flexibility, spirituality, creativity, critical thinking regarding psychological capital.

In this research, an attempt was made to examine all the influencing components of the psychological capital variable and their role on job performance, and a suitable model was presented for its promotion.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of compassion-based mindfulness training on hope and personality type D syndromes in cardiac patients with ICD. The research method was a quasi-experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study were cardiac patients who had referred to Rasht hospitals from the beginning of 1400 to the end of September 1400 for the purpose of ICD implantation. Using simple random sampling, a sample of 30 people was selected. The data collection tool was the life expectancy scale of Snyder et al. (1991) and the type D personality type scale of Denault (1998). The experimental and control groups were pre-tested using research tools. Then, compassion-based mindfulness training was implemented for eight sessions for the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the intervention, the experimental and control groups were post-tested using research tools. Three months later, a follow-up test was conducted for both experimental and control groups. The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the training of hope-based compassion awareness (P<0.01) and D personality type syndromes (P<0.01) is effective in heart patients with ICD. These results were sustained in the three-month follow-up. The use of compassion-based mindfulness therapy can reduce the treatment-care costs of patients; Therefore, it is recommended to specialists along with medical interventions.

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of training philosophy for children on the empathy of 9-12-year-old children. The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design method. Two-month follow-up period was implemented too. The statistical population of the present study included 9-11-year-old children in the city of Tehran in academic year 2021-22. Thirty two children with low empathy were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received twelve sixty-minute sessions of training philosophy for children during one-and-a-half months. The applied questionnaires included Empathy Scale (ES) (Jolliffe, Farrington, 2006). The collected data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni test via SPSS23 software. The results showed that training philosophy for children has significant effect on empathy (F=34.87, Eta-0.54, P<0001) of 9-11-year-old children. According to the findings of the study it can be concluded that training philosophy for children can be used as an efficient method to improve the children’s empathy through employing deep conversation and creating internal empowerment in the child.

e-learning is a broad term that refers to learning provided through electronic and virtual means in higher education as well as elementary to high school. In all levels, educational leaders play a special role in its implementation. This research was conducted with the aim of developing an e-learning development model based on educational leadership in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

The theoretical research method was conducted based on the Delphi method. The statistical population included experts in the field of higher education and e-learning, and 15 of them were selected by snowball sampling. The data collection tool in the qualitative section included a researcher-made questionnaire that was implemented using the Delphi method, and the validity of these questionnaires was confirmed by several experts.

Based on the results of the Delphi method, six dimensions with 22 indicators in the field of educational leadership and five dimensions with 12 indicators in the field of e-learning were agreed upon. The two dimensions of this model include educational leadership and e-learning, and the educational leadership dimension, in order of importance, includes 6 components of strategic thinking, leadership knowledge, relationship management, personality traits, cognitive traits, and value system. In fact, educational leadership has very broad dimensions, among which educational leaders who have these six components can have the greatest impact on educational environments based on electronic learning. On the other hand, the e-learning dimension has 5 components and in the order of importance, it includes education evaluation, education design, education production,

The present study was conducted to investigate The effectiveness of mindfulness based stress reduction training on the cognitive fustion and alexitimia of adolescents with internalizing behavior disorder. The present study was semi experimental (with experimental and control groups) with three-stage (pretest, posttest, follow-up) and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of the research included adolescents with internalized behavior disorder who were studying in the first period of secondary school in the academic year of 2022-2023 in Qom city. 37 adolescents with internalizing behavior disorder were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental (19 people) and control groups (17 people). The experimental group received ten ninty-minute sessions of mindfulness based stress reduction training during ten weeks. The applied questionnaires included Cognitive Fustion Questionnaire (Gillanders et al, 2014), Alexitimia Questionnaire (Bagby, Parker, Taylor, 1994) and Children and Adolescents Behavioral Inventory (Achenbach, Rescorla, 2001) (CABI). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA method via SPSS23 software. The results showed that mindfulness based stress reduction training has significant effect on the cognitive fustion and (F=39.15; Eta=0.53; P<0001) and alexitimia (F=73.07; Eta=0. 68; P<0001) of adolescents with internalizing behavior disorder. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that mindfulness based stress reduction training can be used as an efficient method to decreace cognitive fustion and alexitimia of adolescents with internalizing behavior disorder through applying the how to deal with stress and act mindfully (breathing, eating, sitting and walking mindfully).

Divorce is a phenomenon that is increasing rapidly in today's societies and has economic, social and psychological effects on many divorced men and women. On the other hand, a stable and satisfactory marriage is effective in providing many positive features for family members, including positive mental health and physical health. It also improves the growth and health of family members.

Methods and Materials:

 In this research, the researcher used qualitative. For this purpose, the recognition of the components of sustainable life from the approach of the foundation has been discussed. By conducting seven interviews, the researcher reached theoretical saturation and finally extracted 76 open codes and based on the literature of the theory, conducted central and selective coding and presented the results in the form of a training package. The tool for collecting the required data was through in-depth interviews, based on life experience with couples who have experienced divorce.

The researcher obtained 76 open codes, 37 personality codes and 12 subcategories from the qualitative analysis of the interviews.

Considering such various factors that can be effective in a stable life, it seems that there are specific and common factors that can play a role in the stable life of couples, on the basis of compiling a training package that is based on these common factors and based on experiences the married couple has experience of divorce.