فهرست مطالب باقر ساروخانی

Because of their importance in the economic and social development of societies, science and technology policies have become one of the most important arenas of discourse conflict. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the discourse of the sixth program based on Laclau and Mouffe's approach. The studied society was all the legal articles and notes related to science and technology in the law of the sixth development plan, which were studied in full. The findings show that the central signifier of this document is "purposeful scientific innovation". It has built its symbols based on three signs: "Efficiency and modernity, privatization/popularization and knowledge-based economy". The floating sign has shown itself in the form of "collaboration and scientific participation" and "competitive performance". The null signs are "Employment", "Scientific modernization and improvement" and "Scientific productivity" which are associated with interruptions and moments of "People building", "Educational modernization and improvement" and "Islamic culture and values". The discourse area of this program is "state-centered, external dependence, reduction of deprivation and scientific neutrality" which "culture-centered/landscape-centered" discourse with its hegemonic position has marginalized conflicts and consolidated the space for its own discourse maneuver. The results of this study show that this program is moving towards quantitative goals with an emphasis on positivist and supply-oriented processes, which has made it possible to popularize science and use social capital with a serious vacuum.

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The relationship between man and the environment is always changing. Entering the age of industry and modernity, humans have changed their lifestyle based on instrumental rationality and with selfish and one-sided decisions, they have created many environmental crises that worry and worry the public in different societies and the environmental issue has become a global and social issue. In this regard, the current research has also been conducted with the aim of sociological investigation of factors affecting environmental activities. The research method of the current study is survey type. The statistical population includes all environmental activists in Marivan and Baneh cities, 385 of who were selected through Cochran's statistical formula and stratified probability sampling in order to collect information. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative part of this research, and the data analysis software is SPSS software. The results of Pearson's r correlation test show that the correlation between all the independent variables of the research includes attitude towards environmental activity as a political matter, attitude towards environmental activity as an aesthetic matter, attitude towards environmental activity as an economic matter, attitude towards Environmental activity as a religious matter and attitude towards environmental activity as a health matter were statistically confirmed with the environmental activity variable at a significance level less than 0.01. Also, the results of the multivariate regression analysis indicate that the independent variables in the regression model have been able to explain and predict 65.4% of the changes in environmental activities. Meanwhile, the environmental activity variable as an aesthetic issue has had the greatest impact on the dependent variable.

AbstractCommunication between family and school is one of the most basic issues to improve the quality of education. The purpose of this research is to know the dimensions and elements of family and school communication and to examine the related models and theories in order to design a superior model of family and school communication with a new combination. This research was done with a documentary method and a sociological approach. The theoretical basis of this research is Jonathan Turner's integrated theory of social communication. Also, the theories and models of family and school communication and the results of related experimental researches were examined and finally, by identifying the social factors affecting family and school communication and the causal relationships between them, a new integrated model was designed. The research findings showed; Family and school communication is a social process including motivational, communicative and structural processes. A process that exchanges valuable material and symbolic information and resources to meet the needs of the parties and student success. The type of communication in primary school is more than individual type and in high school it is more than institutional type. In order for communication to be formed, it is powered by motivational processes and by marking and interpreting behavior and signs between the parties, communication processes take place and through structural processes, these communications are repeated over time and organized in physical space. . On the other hand, the background characteristics of the family, school, and student affect the communication processes of the family and school, and all of them are influenced by the background characteristics of the local community, national and global society.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of football commercialization in Iran using a mixed exploratory method (thematic analysis and Delphi). The panel members, selected based on the purposeful sampling method, are 42 people. As the findings revealed, eight themes were identified as the final themes, including 1. Prevalence of buying, selling, and pricing the football players; 2. Materialization of most activities in society; 3. Providing financial resources for the activities related to football; 4. Individual motivations of football players; 5. Profit-seeking motives of dealers; 6. Media and virtual space; 7. Dimension of football business and trading, and 8. Consequences of football commercialization. Then, these themes were judged by the experts and specialists in two rounds (Delphi), and the results showed that 12 components for the factor of football commercialization; 14 components for the factor of the motivation of sports clubs and institutions in football commercialization; 12 components for the factor of the motivation of football players in commercialization of football; 11 components for the factor of the motivation of media institutions and companies in the process of football commercialization; 17 components for the factor of football commercialization results, were agreed upon by the experts and specialists. The findings showed that most of the activities related to football are done only for the sake of earning money and for its economic aspect, and football commercialization is affected by economic and financial factors.

This article seeks to investigate distribution and locating of religious uses as one of the platforms for formation of religious, cultural, social, economic and political actions and communications in city to examine the connection and compliance level of these uses with the religious needs and eligibility of citizens living in Arak regions. this study was based on mixed method with questionnaire tool in the first data collection stage and with a proportional sampling method. then, Physical data collected through secondary analysis were mapped. Among the most important results, we can point out the problematic deficiency and the significant difference in the level of enjoyment and the establishment of religious facilities in the regions of Arak, which shows inequalities in the allocation and distribution of these services. Also, by considering factors such as per capita, standard per capita and functional radius of religious uses, we can talk about the situation of spatial and social inequality and deprivation in a significant part of the geographical and demographic area of Arak. Finally, the pattern of spatial distribution of religious uses based on the needs and eligibility of citizens in Arak is inefficient, and unequal, which has created inequalities in regions and among citizens

Along with various social, cultural and economic changes, the family has also undergone changes in both form and content. People's values and attitudes have been affected in various fields, including childbearing,so that today we are witnessing the spread of the one-child phenomenon in many families.For this purpose, this research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of social factors (women's employment, age of marriage, individualism and women's education) in the Tehran metropolis with a tendency towards single-childhood among women.The current research is descriptive-survey type and in terms of methodology, it is a survey research which was done in20.The statistical population in this investigation includes all the married women in Tehran that 420people were selected as samples. Sampling was done with the combination of disproportionate stratified and cluster sampling and the tool used to collect information and data in this research is the researcher-made questionnaire. The results show that the tendency to one-child has the significant positive correlation with the individualism, marriage age, education level and employment status.finally, it can be said that today's women have achieved a new identity under the influence of various social factors, some of which have been mentioned, which is in conflict with high fertility.

Erotic courtship and marriage as a type of mate selection increasing due to social changes and change in family functions. In this type of mate selection attention focused on body and physical capital and accordingly spouses enter to marriage market. Statistical data indicates parents’ role decrease in mate selection processes. It seems that socio- cultural changes and diffusion of new marriage patterns, as well as individualism caused such variation. The main objective of present article is to pathology of erotic courtship and marriage on family instability with emphasis on socio- cultural elements. The structural functionalism theory, Gidden’s pure relationship and modernization theory explain the theoretical model of research. Survey method applied for data collection. A sample of 180 female divorce applicants whom had erotic mate selection referring to Family Judicial Complex No. 2 in Tehran in the fourth quarter of the year 1400 (2021-2022) interviewed. Finding indicate 86% of respondents, realized that they could not continue it as soon as first three years of common life. 41.7% without consulting parents or any other person and based on individual decision get married. The findings show that the most important factors of family instability are nature of erotic marriage along with increasing individualism and decreasing parental authority as well as modernity. It seems that with the continuation of social and individual changes, Iranian society will face an increase in family instability in the future.

Cheerfulness plays an important role in the psychological and social life of all members of society, including teachers. Considering the important role and position of teachers in socialization and education of students, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of family social cohesion in the corona period on the social vitality of teachers in Tehran in 2009-2010. The method of the present research is survey and the sample size of 382 teachers based on Cochran's formula and the questionnaire link has been provided to the respondents through cyberspace (WhatsApp, etc.). Cronbach's alpha test was used to determine the reliability of items. SPSS software version 22 was used to test the hypotheses of the two variables and LISREL software was used to examine the structural relationships between research variables. According to the results, social cohesion. The family has a significant and increasing effect on the social vitality of teachers and in the event of injuries caused by social and environmental crises (Corona disease) reduces cohesion and has a great impact on creating peace and spiritual vitality of society and teachers' families and their resilience against Increases the stress. In sensitive cases, family members find themselves in a common situation. They prefer to be more in touch with their family members than to trust social institutions. According to the results it is suggested; Compilation of a document on the fundamental transformation of teachers' social vitality should be a priority in the social and cultural development programs of the country's education.

The duality of modern and traditional methods of marriage has caused many problems for couples. This research analyzes positivism using novel combined approach of Giddens' "Pure Relationship" theory focusing on spouse selection and methodological approach of Chil's "Divorce" theory. Also, research's method is descriptive and explanative. Statistical population consists of six judicial complexes of Tehran family court and samples are convenience. Sample size of divorce occurrence in Tehran is approximately 2500 which results in 384 in Cochran's formula. Findings prove that the effects of modern and traditional methods of spouse selection on certain divorce are different. Divorce rate of modern method is higher than traditional. Burden factor of modern marriage method was 89 and traditional marriage method was 71. Considering the fact that p-value of the research is less than 0.05, null hypothesis is rejected and we can say with 95% confidence that any type of spouse selection is effective on certain divorce. Results show that the method of marriage influences on divorce occurrence and modern method is more efficient than traditional method.

Ethical crisis is a situation where the society lacks common rules and norms for organizing the actions and behavior, conflicts, and the weakness of these rules. The question of what and how the ethical crisis and the social factors affecting it is the main problem of this research, which have been done based on theories of Anomie and social disorder. The statistical population of the research is Tehrani citizens aged 18 and above in 2016. A sample of 400 people was selected from this city by multi-stage cluster method. The research method was a survey and the data was collected by questionnaire technique and through interviews, and secondary statistical data was also used. The findings of the research indicate that more than 93% of the respondents have evaluated the ethical situation of the society as critical. The findings show that 6 variables of Perceived inequality, weakness of social controls,dissatisfaction,selfish individualism, weakness of religious orientation and reduction of social participation, explain 71% of the changes in citizens' perception of the ethical crisis.

Feeling happy and cheerful is one of the most basic human needs and desires and can have undeniable effects on various aspects of life of all people, including teachers. Considering the important role and position of teachers in the education and socialization of students, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of family social trust on the social vitality of married high school teachers in Tehran in 1398. The research method is survey and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. A total of 382 people from the study population were determined based on the Cochran's formula and the questionnaire link was provided to the respondents. Cronbach's alpha test was also used to determine the reliability of the items. SPSS 22 software and software LISREL 8.5 were used for data analysis. The results showed that the level of social trust among teachers' families as well as teachers' social vitality is desirable and higher than the average of the criterion (score 3 of the average Likert scale); Also, the results of regression test showed that family social trust has a significant and increasing effect on teachers' social vitality.

Most of the studies and researches that have been done in recent decades in Iran on values insociology, show major and fundamental changes in the value system of families. Therefore, the present study,based on Inglehart's theory of value changes, seeks the fundamental question of what is the change in familyvalues in its various dimensions among the marginalized in the Region 19 and Region 4 of Tehran? For thispurpose, 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with men and women over 18 years of age in the Marginalizedneighborhoods of the mentioned Regions, as well as in order to compare and contrast them with otherneighborhoods in the same Regions. The research approach was qualitative and the research method wasgrounded theory and the sampling method was purposeful and theoretical. The findings of the study showed theopposite of Inglehart's theory that the Marginalized neighborhoods, as well as other neighborhoods studied inthe context of urban society, were generally inclined to postmaterial family values. According to the prevailingapproaches of society, regarding how to orient family values, it can be said that among the studied samples, thedirection of family values is moving towards polarization. According to Inglehart, a society has a value balancethat has both material and postmaterial values.

The present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the factors affecting the generation gap among students in the four districts of Tehran.

The study population was all the parents and teachers of students in the four cities of Tehran. The sample size was determined based on the theoretical saturation of 23 people. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview and the data analysis technique was thematic analysis.

The findings show that "the fluidity and virtualization of thinking/learning, the multiplicity of religious/educational identity references, the acquisition of group prestige and meaningfulness, the weakness of transferring the cognitive values/skills of religion, Static and conservative understanding of values, aversion to religion and weakness of religious beliefs, weakness in reconnecting oneself with family values are among the components that lead to the generation gap among the studied students.

The results of this study show that students' static understanding of values as the most important internal factor and weakness in the transmission of religious/educational values as the most important external factor lead to generation gap among them. has been Therefore, it is necessary to use the appropriate design of soft educational tools to transfer the cognitive values/skills of religion in order to reduce this gap.

In the current Iranian society situation, few people do not believe in changing family values. Social values are the primary core of social action and the foundation of social order. For this reason, the present study seeks to answer this question. What is the direction of change in family values in the Marginalized neighborhoods of Tehran.

This study was a qualitative approach study, using the grounded theory method with Strauss and Corbin version. The samples were selected according to purposive and theoretical sampling from people aged eighteen years and above in the marginalized neighborhoods. To matche and compare with other regions, region nineteen and four were selected. Based on the theoretical saturation criteria, thirty in-depth interviews were conducted. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data.

According to the grounded theory method, gender attitudes toward women's employment, inequality of job opportunities, gender attitudes toward gender, equality between men and women, and decision-making power in the family categories were constructed.

Based on Ronald Inglehart's theory of value change, the findings showed that the direction of value change of the marginalized neighborhoods, like the neighborhoods located in the context of urban society (non-marginalized), tended towards post-a material gender values. In other words, it can be said that the direction of gender attitudes has moved away from traditional views and is moving towards modernity and postmodernity.

One-child phenomenon is a social issue which has become a model of life for many families. The main aim of this investigation is finding the answer to this fundamental question that how and to what extend the modern society characteristics (such as women's employment, gender socialization, individualism, rational choice, etc.) in the metropolis of Tehran is associated with women in Tehran for the orientation and acceptance of the pattern of voluntary one-child. The present study is descriptive-causal and methodologically a survey research. The statistical population in this investigation includes all the married women in productive age between 15-49 years in Tehran that 420 people were selected as samples. Sampling was done with the combination of disproportionate stratified sampling and cluster sampling and the tool used to collect information and data in this research is the researcher-made questionnaire. The results show that the orientation to one-child has the significant correlation with the individualism, rational choice, social participation; gender socialization and marriage age but there is no significant correlation with family economic status. The results also indicate that the orientation to one-child has the significant difference between different groups of employment status; in other words, in high-ranking jobs, this orientation is more. The data show that the level of education has an effect on women's orientation to have one-child; in other words, as the level of education increases, the orientation of women to have one-child increases.

Value as a social phenomenon has played an important role in human life since the formation of early societies. An important change in the family institution in Iran is the change in the value system of people. The goal of the current research is to determine the generational values & factors affecting them among the youth of Tehran. The research method is a survey, the statistical population is women and men aged 18-32 in Tehran. The sample size is estimated to be 400 people. The sampling method is cluster sampling. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The findings show that the variable mean of youth generational values is 79.15 and its average value is estimated at 70, which respondents are lower than the average value. Also, according to the findings of the research, the variables of using satellite TV are (0.297), using internet sites (0.189), using social networks (0.388), and new leisure behaviors (0.347). ) and materialistic tendencies (0.381) had a significant and direct correlation with generational values. The multiple regression coefficient shows that the explanatory coefficient is estimated at 42.5% and it is explained by the remaining 4 variables in the model. based on the results of the research, it can be said that the tendency of the youth towards modern and material values has increased over time due to the separation of the youth from the values of the previous generation. in the meantime, the consumption of new mass media has been influential in changing the diversity and identity of the current generation, and a kind of break and rejection of the values of the current generation and the previous generations has been formed.

. The Social Security Organization, the largest provider of social insurance in the country, is constantly interacting with the internal and external environment. This on it provide social security to the preparation and implementation of a long-term and optimal plan. Accordingly, the present study seeks to develop a new perspective based on environmental changes and with a futuristic viewpoint. The present study was applied based on the quantitative and qualitative data type and based on the research purpose. The descriptive-analytical method was used for doing research. The statistical population of the study is the managers, experts and clients of the Social Security Organization, which will be used to determine the sample size from the Morgan table, and according to the number of target community that is the organization's experts, of which 13 are. In the dimension of employees of a community organization, 60 employees were randomly selected, and in the customers' perspective, 300 of them were selected as the statistical population. To analyze the research findings, the Delphi method, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory, and David's SWOT method have been used to determine the strategy. The statistical tools of the mentioned methods are SPSS STATISTICS 21.0 software. The results of this study provide a new perspective for the social security organization by considering the structural components of the organization, communication with the client, the quality of life of the organization's employees and paying special attention to the changing future of the organization.

The purpose of present article is to analyze the individual-contextual cultural identity elements in the formation and stability of ethnic iIdentity of Turkish people in Iranian Azerbaijan. The method of this study is qualitative through snowball sampling method by interviewing with 22 of Turkish experts in Iranian Azerbaijan who are living in Tehran city and other Azeri provinces` centers in 2020. To validate the concepts of interviews, experts` ideas were applied through two consecutive stages. According to the “thematic analysis” obtained from the experts` interviews, from 144 contents, 74 categorized codes and 12 sub- themes and finally four main themes were recognized which are Geography, Language, Individual Attitude, and Biological Characteristics and their indexes were recognized as individual-contextual cultural identity elements in the formation and stability of ethnic iIdentity of Turkish people in Iranian Azerbaijan. Thus, the recognized cultural individual- contextual identity elements were the main features of Azeri nation`s formation and stability, also their continuity and synchronicity had led to the stability of t ethnic iIdentity of Turkish people in Iranian Azerbaijan.

Media managers, in critical situations, have different mental patterns, which are the basis of their attitude for making decisions on how to inform people. This study, using the Q method, seeks to answer the question, what kind of mental patterns do media managers have for providing information in crises time? Data analysis was done by collecting the discourse space in the Q method and implementing three phases of research namely domain review, systematic review and individual sources (interview), resulted in 85 propositions according to the opinion of the nominal group, as a sample of Q, 60 people of media managers, as a sample of available participants, performed the sorting of the Q sample in the Flash-Q software and in the form of a diagram with a Likert scale of -8 to +8, and by entering the data in the SPSS software and creating a Q data matrix and Q data set. Finally, the following three mental models were identified: 1. The mental model of skill-oriented managers supporting the effect of social media in crisis; 2. The mental model of public relations -oriented managers who support information engineering in crisis; 3. The mental model of knowledge-oriented managers who are critical of superficiality in crisis communication. Strengthening stronger mental patterns or correcting inefficient mental patterns in media organizations requires reforming management systems, designing a comprehensive crisis management system, and using expert consultants in media management.

The Social Security Administration, as the largest provider of social security in the country, is constantly interacting with the internal and external environment. Therefore, understanding this process leads to a kind of programming based on a realistic view of the dimensions of organizational performance. The purpose of the present study is to provide a structural model of organizational performance dimensions based on environmental changes and opportunities, threats and weaknesses in the organization. This research is based on data type, quantitative and purpose, applied research and method, descriptive correlation and specifically structural equation model. The statistical population of the present study are experts of the Social Security Organization with 13 people and the employees were selected according to the 9 variables observed in the model. Allocation of coefficient 30 with more than 300 estimates in a simple random method was done with equal chance. SPSS software analysis methods and statistical tools have been used to analyze the research data. The results show that the paths of opportunities, strengths, weaknesses and threats have a significant and direct effect on organizational performance and also the values obtained from the coefficient of determination indicate a significant level of effect, which has the greatest effect on strengths and the least effect.

In today’s information society, science and technology are defined as the most important pillars of the development and progress of societies that are changing rapidly. Thus, governments try actively to enter the category of science and technology in their upstream policies and documents and make policies in order to make science a discourse at the level of society. The two basic concepts in the today’s science and technology discourse in our society, which require attention in documents and upstream programs, are ‘scientific authority’ and ‘eco-centric values’, which are also emphasized by the Supreme Leader. They can be seen in the upstream documents, including the comprehensive scientific map of the country. This study aims to analyze the discourse of the comprehensive scientific map of the country and present solutions to move towards the desirable situation in science and technology in the society.

This study was conducted using the discourse analysis method. The study population is all the contents of the comprehensive scientific map of the country, thirteen strategies of which were purposefully analyzed using Laclau and Mouffe’s method and by reading this scientific map and taking notes.

The findings showed that the central signifier of this discourse is ‘innovative scientific authority’ which has found its meaning structure through the signifiers such as ‘indigenous knowledge’ and ‘knowledge-based economy’. This stabilization is supported by the ‘culture-bound/eco-centric’ hegemony, and the myth-making grounds of this document are also has been provided through slogans such as ‘establishing a new Islamic civilization’, ‘increasing technological production to more than 50% of GDP’, and ‘scientific authority of the Persian language’.

The extracted principles are: scientific authority, eco-centric values, negation of dependence, professional competence, scientific networking, research-based education, empowerment, demand-driven research, modern Islamic civilization.

The present article investigates and identifies the dimensions and components of human connection with environmental damage among environmental activists.

The method used was Strauss and Corbin's (contextual) data theory model. This research is a qualitative research that was conducted with theoretical sampling method and theoretical saturation technique. The research sample was 42 environmental activists from Baneh and Marivan cities, who were selected using a non-random sampling technique. Research data has been collected through semi-structured interviews.

The obtained results show that the totality of causal conditions (social and cultural factors (education, feeling insecure about pollution, nationalist identity), economic factors (income, fear of job future), political factors (environment as political identity) acceptability/unacceptability of the political system) and background conditions (environmental activity as a religious and health matter, the harmfulness of environmental pollution for the body, the realization of health in nature, the destruction of the environment causing pollution of food and the environment as an economy) and intervening factors (Environmental biology as belonging to language, ethnic and urban identity) has made environment as a social issue.

environmental activists use environmental problems as strategies of resistance, criticism of the government's systemic and institutional decisions, freedom from the domination of power, a kind of help to developmentbased programs and policies. In the end, the problematic consequences of the environment cause attention to economic inequalities, problematization of income reduction, raising awareness, becoming one-sided (excessive importance to the environment) and creating a space for criticism