فهرست مطالب محمد تقی صمدی

Synthetic dyes are an important group of additivesused in food products, and because of health concerns about consuming population, the application of these compounds is needed to be enough controlled. The aim of this study was to investigate the types and frequencies of the dyes used in making pastries in the confectionery of Tuyserkan city. In this cross-sectional study investigated the types of consumed dyes in confectionery’s pastries of Tuyserkan city. A total of 80 samples including wet and dry pastries are randomly sampled from 17 confectioneries. The steps of the experiment consisted of degreasing the sample, purification, and determining the type of dye were down by using Tin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. All charts used in the study were drowned by Excel Software (2013). The results indicate, among the total 80 samples, 17 samples contained no dye, 15 samples with natural dye, 44 samples with permitted synthetic dyes, and 4 samples have non-permitted synthetic dyes. Moreover, of all the synthetic dyes, 8 samples contained Quioline yellow dye, 10 samples with Sanset yellow dye, 8 samples with Azorubine dye, 5 samples with Brilliant blue dye, 5 samples with ponceau 4R, and 4 (5%) samples have Allura Red. This study showed a remarkable part of used dyes in the confectionery of Tuyserkan city is non-permitted. Therefore, it is proposed to reduce the amount of synthetic dyes by restriction in distribution, more controlling by health departments, and increasing the awareness in consumers and manufactures.

The impact of different risks is of great importance in banking industry on financial sustainability, given its functional entity. Given the lack of consensus on the relationship between financial risks in banks, in particular, in credit risk and liquidity in banks, this research investigates the relationship of these two types of risks and their impacts on financial sustainability in banking industry in Iran during 2005-2014 with panel data method. In this regard, in order to investigate the impact of liquidity and credit risks on financial sustainability, Quintile regression method. The results indicate the negative and significant impact of these two types of risks on financial sustainability in most reviewed decimals. This means that with an increase in financial sustainability, the impact of these two types of risks is reduced. In other words, those banks placed in the higher decimals of sustainability distribution are affected less by credit and liquidity risks.

Risk management is an integrated procedure which helps banks to measure and control their risks. Due to the recent banking crises and nature of banking activities, central banks have made it compulsory for banks to have independent risk committees. Also, financial instability is another factor which can lead banks to distress and bankruptcy. This study investigates the simultaneous relationship between credit risk and liquidity risk and their impacts on financial stability of Iranian banks over the period of 2005-2014 using panel data approach. Results of the simultaneous equation modeling show that in general, liquidity risk and credit risk have significant positive relationship with each other. In other words, every one unit increase in liquidity risk will cause the credit risk to increase by 0.38 unit and every one unit increase in credit risk leads to 0.51 unit increase in liquidity risk. Moreover, we employ the quantile regression to examine the effect of these two types of risk on the different quantiles of financial stability of commercial banks in Iran. Results show that credit risk and liquidity risk negatively affect the financial stability and increase probability of bankruptcy of the Iranian banks. Moreover, we demonstrate that the magnitude of the negative impact is much higher for the banks in the lower quantiles that have lower financial stability comparing with the banks in upper quantiles having higher financial stability.

Malathion known as one of the most used organophosphates, with contact, digestive, fumigants and non-systemic properties has detrimental effects on ones nervous system. Recently use of photocatalyctic processes has grown widely because of its desirable ability to remove organic pollutants. In this study efficiency of photocatalytic process with persulfate and hydrogen peroxide for the removal of malathion was studied.
this study was carried out in laboratory scale and in batch flow reactors of steel which the low-pressure mercury vapor lamps of 55 watts was placed in it. The influence of parameters such as pH(3-9), H2O2(1-8Mm/l), perslfate dose(0.01-0.05 gr/l), and malathion (1-60 mg/l) was investigated. The malathion concentration in solution has been determined with the HPLC.
the results of this study showed that the discussed process has high efficiency in compare with other done studies, so that in optimum conditions – pH=3, concentration of persulfate 0.03 gr, consumed hydrogen peroxide 3mM and initial concentration of malathion 30mg/l – this process after 30 and 60 minutes, removed respectively 99.94% of malathion and 88.31% of COD.
photocatalytic process with persulfate and hydrogen peroxide as one of the advanced oxidation process alternatives has a high potential in reducing pollution load of different industries, including manufacture of pesticides and can be effective as a method for wastewater treatment and reduce the environmental problems.

The relationship between different types of risk and their impacts on financial stability is very important for the banking industry. Due to lack of consensus regarding the relationship between these risks in the banking industry, especially the relationship among credit risk and liquidity risk, this study examines the simultaneous relationship among these two risks and their impacts on the financial stability of Iranian banks during the period of 2005-2014 by using panel data approach. For this reason, we have used the simultaneous equation modeling to test the relationship between liquidity risk and credit risk. Also, we have used the generalized method of moments (GMM) to assess the impact of these two risks on financial stability. Results show that, in general, liquidity risk and credit risk have a significant positive relationship with each other. Moreover, using GMM we found that these two types of risk negatively impact financial stability and increase the probability of bankruptcy of the Iranian banks.

Polyvinyl alcohol is a persistent and water-resistant compound found in effluent of many industries and can be harmful to human health. Its presence in water supplies may cause problems in the process of settlings and removing heavy metals. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of Mn3O4 / H2O2 process to remove PVA.
This laboratory-scale research done to study the effects variables influencing process of Mn3O4/H2O2 including pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, concentration of Mn3O4 nanoparticle, reaction time and concentration of PVA. To determine structural characteristics of nanoparticles XRD, BET SEM, and FTIR analyzes were used. Maximum absorption of contaminant by spectrophotometer was determined at 690 nm and the concentrations of PVA were determined by calibration curve.
BET analysis showed size of 19 nm for nanoparticles. Laboratory results showed that removal efficiency for Mn3O4/H2O2 process is 67.98% at; pH=3, Mn3O4 concentration= 0.4 g/l, concentration of hydrogen peroxide=20 mmol/l, reaction time=120 minutes, initial concentration PVA=100 mg/l. Removal efficiency decreased by increasing initial concentration of PVA and maximum efficiency of 71% observed for Mn3O4/H2O2 processes at initial concentration of 25 mg/l. UV radiation increased the efficiency of the process to 100% after 40 minutes.
In accordance with the results hydrogen peroxide activated by Mn3O4 catalyst is a suitable option for pre-treatment of waste water containing polyvinyl alcohol.

Surfactants can be found in soaps, detergents, pharmaceutical products, personal care products, as well as in leather industries. In this study, adsorption of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the aqueous solutions was investigated.
Surfactant concentration, adsorbent dosage, and pH values were considered as variables. Residual surfactant was measured using methylene blue method and adsorbent characteristic was determined by X-Ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. Adsorption capacity, adsorption isotherm, and kinetic reaction were also investigated.
Adsorption investigations demonstrated that the increase in initial SDS concentration or pH values, led to the decrease in SDS adsorption. Conversely, the same result was achieved by decreasing adsorbent dosage. After 120 min SDS adsorption became stable. By increasing in SDS concentration from 15 to 150 mg/L, adsorption capacity improved from 8 to 61 mg/g. Isotherm and kinetic data demonstrated that experimental data pursued Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.993) and pseudo-second order equation (R2=0.992).
Magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes can be used as an effective and useful sorbent for SDS removal due to several advantages including: high adsorption capacity, relatively low equilibrium time, and easy separation of magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes from aqueous solutions.

Background Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds are emerging group of trace contaminants detected in wastewater and water resources worldwide. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the compounds that can cause serious health problems.
Materials and Methods In this study, the removal of BPA from aqueous solutions by multi-walled carbon nanotubes was investigated. Experiments were performed in batch reactor and changing effective factors such as pH, contact time, concentration of carbon nanotubes, and concentration of BPA. The concentrations of BPA were measured using UV-VIS spectrophotometer at wavelength of 280 nm.
Results The results showed that maximum removal efficiency was 95% at a concentration of 400 mg/L of carbon nanotubes, pH=7, retention time of 60 minutes and BPA concentration of 20 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 111.6 mg/g and the adsorption data were best fitted to the Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-second order.
Conclusion The results showed that carbon nanotubes have a high ability to adsorb BPA in the aquatic environment and can be used as a suitable adsorbent from aqueous solution.

Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic vastly administrered for the treatment of infections. A major paortion of the drug remains non-metabolized and is excreted to find its way ultimately into water environments through discharge into wastewater. Although carbon nanotubes have been widely employed for the removal of contaminants, ciprofloxacin still poses problems against its proper removal. It is the objective of the present study to synthesize magnetite Fe3O4/MWCNTs and to evaluate its performance in ciprofloxacin removal via the heterogeneous Fenton process. For this purpose, the performance of the synthesized nanocomposite was evaluated while the effects of the following parameters were also investigated on the heterogenous Fenton process under lab conditions: pH, 4‒10); adsorbent quantity, 1‒3 g/l; initial antibiotic concentration, 30‒200 mg/l; contact time, 15‒300 min; and H2O2 concentration, 5‒25 μmol/l. Moreover, the synthesized Fe3O4/MWCNTs was morphologically and microstructurally characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) while the formation of carboxylic functional groups was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR). It was found that the efficiency of the heterogeneous Fenton process for the removal of ciprofloxacin at a concentration of 30 mg/l was 95% in approximately 180 minutes and a molar ratio of 1 ml H2O2/2g Fe. Based on the results obtained, the Fe3O4/MWCNTs magnetite nanocomposite is well capable of removing ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions in the heterogeneous Fenton process.

Background and Fluoride is one of the common anion in water that its concentration varies in different water supplies. Most of the body's requirement for fluoride is supplied through drinking water. Fluoride in low concentration is essential for human health but in high concentration is very hazardous for human health. The efficiency of modified-clay and lime-marl were investigated in this research as an adsorbent for the elimination of fluoride from aqueou solution.
In this study, the capability of modified-clay and lime-marl to adsorb fluoride ions was conducted using a series of batch tests in a shaker-incubator instrument. The effect of experimental parameters such as pH (4,7,10), adsorbent dosage (1,5,10 g/L), initial fluoride concentration (5,10,15 mg/L) andcontact time (15-120 min) were evaluated. The morphological and micro-structural character of modified-clay and lime-marl have performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The formation of the carboxylic functional groups was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR).
Findings: results well demonstrate higher removal efficiency of fluoride was 95.23% and 28.71 by clay-modified and lime-marl, respectively; at 10 mg/L of fluoride concentration and 60 min contact time. The adsorption kinetics fitted well using the pseudo second-order kinetic model; however, equlibrium data were best fitted onto Langmiur isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities of modified-clay and lime-marl for fluoride were found to be 4.43 mg/g and 1.32 mg/g, respectively.
According to our finding, it proposed that adsorption process by using modified clay is very efficient and economic process for fluoride removal from aqueous solution.

Simultaneous presence of heavy metal and organic compound (like phenol and cadmium), is one of the most important environment pollutant source that there are in petrochemical industrial, plating and etc, that have adverse effects on environment and human health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is, photocatalytic removal of cadmium with UV/ZnO process in presence and absence of phenol and formate as hole scavenger from aqoues solution in batch system. First, design and construction of reactor was done. To the study on role of adsorption process, solution was equilibrium in dark for 30 minute. Then effect of various parameters was investigated in the presence of UV light. So optimum pH was obtained with chang solution pH and constant conditions. After clarifing optimum pH, the effect of nanoparticle dosage, concentration of cadmium, contact time and effect of presence and absence of phenol and formate was investigated. Although removal of cadmium increased with increase of pH, but to preservation of cadmium in the solution form, in experiment pH was 7. Removal efficiency increased with increase of contact time and optimum dosage was obtained equal to 2 g/L. Too photocatalytic removal efficiency was decreased with increase of initial cadmium concentration. Also the obtained results showed that presence of phenol and formate cause increase of cadmium removal efficiency. Generally the result of this study showed that studied methodology can be used as a effective method in photocatalytic removal of cadmium with UV/ZnO process in presence of phenol and formate as hole scavenger.

Introduction & Heavy metals are the most harmful contaminants found in drinking water supplies that can lead to serious damage to metabolic, physiological and body structures. Industrial activities like production and storage of sewage spills and improper disposal of industrial wastes as well as the exhaustion of the distribution network and the home network can cause the release of heavy metals in the drinking water. Therefore, the measurement of these elements at the point of use is necessary.
Material & This cross-sectional study assessed the amount of lead,chromium, and zinc in the drinking water of Hamadan City in the winter of 1393 which can increase the risk of getting non-cancer diseases Stratified random sampling was conducted to measure the samples concentration by atomic absorption (Perkin Elmer, AAS-PEA-700 model). In order to carry out the risk characterization and sectional exposure assessment, the US EPA(Environmental Protection Agency of America) were used.
The results showed that the average concentration of lead, chromium and zinc at the point of use of surface water resources, 10.927, 2.246 and 1305.604 the underground 19.301, 11.085 and 1613.709and mixed 20.085, 11.563 and 1299.844 , respectively and the average of exposure to risk of children is 0.078 and of adults are 0.047and lead risk index was HQ 41.46 percent of the samples contained Lead concentration higher than WHO standards and Industrial Research of Iran Institute of Standards and 39.02 percent of the samples had concentrations above the EPA standard. None of the samples had sectional risk for children and adults. Although the amount of chromium and zinc was sub-standard, because they are highly disease producing, the risk in the two following age groups increases :

Phenol and Cadmium are of common components used in industries wastewater such as petroleum refining, petrochemicals, and pesticides. The aim of this study was simultaneous removal of Cadmium and Phenol from aqueous solution by using Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in nano-photocatalytic process UV/TiO2.
This experimental study in lab-scale batch was accomplished by using photo-reactor equipped with a 125 W low-pressure mercury vapor lamp and with Wavelength 247.3 nm and intensity 1020 µW/cm2 and emphasis on the effect of various parameters; such as pH (3-11), nano-particles doses (0.25-3 g/L) and Phenol, Cadmium at a concentration of (5-20 mg/L), presence of Format and removal rate of COD was investigated.
Findings: The obtained results showed that optimum pH in the removal of Cadmium and phenol is 7. The presence of each of pollutants has positive role in increasing the removal of other contaminants. The presence of Phenol cause increase removal of Cadmium and presence of Cadmium cause increase removal of Phenol. Removal efficiency of COD by UV/TiO2 process after 120 min was obtained %71.4. Obtained results of experimental kinetics showed that Phenol and Cadmium removal kinetics ­was followed (by both photocatalytic processes) of equations zero-order and pseudo-first order, respectively. By changing in conditions of experiment, the degradation efficiency decreases in this process.
Discussion & The result of this study showed that nano-photocatalytic process UV/TiO2 in pilot scale has high efficiency as an effective method in simultaneous removal of phenol and Cadmium from aqueous solution.

Poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the major plastic compounds which are used to make different productions such as fibers and food containers. Due to the stability of the plastic in the nature, as well as reuse ability of some plastic wastes, codification of an integrated program to collect and recycle these materials is necessary.
In this cross-sectional study, being done in four areas covered by Hamadan municipality, data was drawn from the range of journals, authentic internet sites, prepared questioners and direct interviews with solid waste manager and recycling organization director of Hamadan municipality. In order to estimate the amount of plastic waste, the total amount of wastes collected by public, private and itinerant sectors were evaluated. Then, the average rate of recycled PET was calculated per month.
According to results, 17.6% of city waste matters in Hamadan was in form of solid wastes, which PET’s contribution was 0.99%. By recycling process, also, it is possible to save 3160000 MJ energy and 56100$ from 51 tonnes of plastic waste.
The result of this study showed that household recycling approach is more effective than other waste collecting management methods. In line with this, training people can play an essential role in learning recycling approaches.

Continuous input of antibiotics to the environment can cause many potential problems such as antibiotic resistance in pathogens. The aim of this study was to compare heterogeneous fenton process and adsorption process on magnetic nanocomposite for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solutions. This experimental study was conducted at the Hamadan University of Medical Science in 2014. The efficiency of magnetic nanocomposite for ciprofloxacin removal was assessed in a batch system considering 15-300 min reaction time, pH 4 - 10, 30-200 mg/L initial ciprofloxacin concentration, 1 - 3 g/L adsorbent and 5-25 mmol/L H2O2. Physical and structural characteristics of the synthesized adsorbent were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) techniques. The maximum efficiency of heterogeneous fenton process and adsorption process was obtained at pH 4 and 7 in which the efficiency of ciprofloxacin removal was 95% and 87%, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption data was well fitted with Langmuir isotherm. The r eaction rate had the best compatibility with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. With regards to the results, magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4/MWCNTs) can be considered as an acceptable adsorbent in heterogeneous fenton procces for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solutions.

Background and In this study, we investigated the ethion insecticide residues in greenhouse cucumber and the effects of some procedures in reducing its amount before consumption in Hamadan, 2015.
Five greenhouses were randomly selected and in spring a total of 90 samples was analyzed for the effects of treatments including washing for 2 min and different storage times on ethion residuals. HPLC method was used to measure the residual concentrations.
The results showed that the maximum and minimum ethion residuals after one hour spraying were 1.63 and 1.31 mg/kg, respectively which were higher than the maximum permissible limit of 0.5 mg/kg (MRL). Storage for 24 hours and washing (2 mins) reduced the initial amount of pesticide residues by 43.2% and 52.7 %, respectively.
In case of inappropriate management programs in using pesticides, not considering the preharvest interval (PHI), and lack of proper washing, the remaining amount of pesticides can exceed the permissible limits which would pose a serious threat to the health of consumers in long time.

Among the growing concerns over recent decades in the field of environmental pollution, is the use of antibiotics increase bacterial resistance to antibiotics used in human body. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Ciprofloxacin antibiotic removal from the aquatic environment.
Material & This empirical study was performed at useful volume of one liter, using 4-electrode reactor made of iron with area of 40 cm2 , in the ultrasonic device with fixed frequency 40 KHz. The effect of variables such as pH, antibiotic concentrations, the amount of hydrogen peroxide, current density were studied. was studied concentration of ciprofloxacin antibiotic was determined using HPLC wavelength of 275 nm, and due to the experimental and in laboratory condition, studies have been conducted, finally the average of the results were used. The concentration of COD was measured to ensure optimal efficacy of the process.
Findings: The results showed that all variables can be effective on ciprofloxacin removal. The removal efficiency in the optimal conditions of pH=3, H2O2 concentration 150 mg/L, current density of 15 mA/cm2, the initial concentration of antibiotics 10 mg/L and a reaction time of 15 minutes was 97% and COD removal of 40 percent. Evaluated ion concentration was about 157 g/m3. In these conditions, the removal efficiency of electrofenton and ultrasonic was 75 and 3 percent respectively.
Discussion & Based on the results of this study, the electrofenton is a suitable process for the removal of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The simultaneous use of this process with ultrasonic , namely sono-electrofenton, has enhanced its efficiency.

Humic Acid (HA) is one of the polyelectrolyte compounds which cause many problems in water treatment process. In present study, UV/IO4- as a novel advance oxidation process, was used for removing HA. In present research, a batch reactor in lab scale was used.This reactor with useful volume of 2.5 L, made of stainless steel, which equipped with a low pressure Hg vapor lamp. In this study the effect of some parameters including pH, initial HA concentration, IO4- concentration and Fe (0) nanoparticles concentration were investigated. HA concentration was determined using Spectrophotometer at an absorbance wavelength of 254 nm. According to the results, pH 3, periodate concentration 125 mg/L and Fe (0) Nano particles 12.5 mg/L were determined as optimum conditions. Moreover, results indicated that in presence of UV coupled with Periodate removal efficiency of HA increased to 66.08%, and the increase of Fe (0) Nano particles can led to increase HA removal (73.3%). Results show thatthe presence of UV letto increase in the activation of periodate, on the other hands, the presence of Fe (0) Nano particles led to further activation of periodate subsequently cause the increasing HA removal.

Fluoride concentration in drinking water is one of the effective parameters in human health, and the majority of the body's requirement for fluoride is supplied through drinking water. Fluoride in low concentration is essential for human but in high concentration is very hazardous for human health. In the present study, the efficiency of modified-clay and lime-marl as adsorbents was investigated for the elimination of fluoride from aqueous solution. This experimental study was conducted at the Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The effects of several parameters such as pH (4, 7 and 10), the adsorbent dosage (1, 5 and 10 g/L), initial concentration of fluoride (5, 10 and 15 mg/L), contact time (15-120 min) on the removal have been studied. Also, the structural characteristics of both adsorbents were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR). According to the results obtained, the removal efficiency of fluoride, at concentration 10 mg/L and the approximate time of 60 min, in the case of clay-modified adsorbent is 95.23% and in the case of lime-marl adsorbent is about 28.71%. Langmuir and Freundlich coefficients were determined in the optimum conditions, and the adsorption isotherm could be described by the Langmuir model(R2=0.9907). Kinetic study showed that the equilibrium time was 60 min. The adsorption kinetics fitted well with the Ho pseudo second-order kinetic model (R2=0.994). According to our finding, it is proposed that the adsorption process of fluoride by clay-modified is very efficient and economics for fluoride removal from aqueous solution.

Increasing water resources pollution by heavy metals cause serious environmental and health concerns in the world. Selenium blood levels of >100 𝜇g/dl can result in selenosis. Atomic absorption spectroscopy is the most common method for selenium detection. This technique has several disadvantages such as high equipment and operational costs، time-consuming and the need for quality control of the test method. In this study، the HMS) Hexagonal mesoporous silica (activated by 4- (2-pyridylazo) -resorcinol (PAR) was used for spectrophotometric determination of selenium. The qualitative detection was done by colour change of sediment from orange to pink in water samples and the quantitative detection by a spectrophotometer. Various parameters such as pH، the initial concentration of the selenium، contact time، and the indicator doses were also examined. The results of this study showed that the qualitative and quantitative detection of selenium are better done with increasing the contact time. The best condition for selenium detection was observed at pH =10. Increasing the indicator doses had no significant effect on the identification process. Increasing initial concentration of selenium increased the pink colour formation and consequently enhanced accuracy of qualitative and quantitative detection. This study is a basic and applied research. The HMS sensor activated by 4- (2-pyridylazo) -resorcinol (PAR) can be used as an inexpensive and rapid indicator for quantitative (spectrophotometry) and qualitative (colour change) detection of selenium in water and wastewater in research and administrative unites.

Background and Stability and sustainable [s1] of emerging synthetic compounds such as Dimethyl phthalate lead to increasing their concentrations in environment and food chain and health risks. Therefore, researchers are concern to achieve effective and efficient methods for removal these pollutions. This aim of this study was to evaluation of the efficiency of heterognous Fenton using Zero-valent iron nanoparticles in dimethylphthalate removal from aqueous solutions.
This experimental study was conducted in laboratory scale in batch reactor. The effects of operational parameters such as reaction time (15 to 120 min), pH (2 to10), H2O2 concentrations (0.01 to 1 mmol/L), nZVI dose (0.01 to 0.5 mg/L) and initial concentrations of Dimethyl phthalate (2 – 50 mg /L) determined by one at a time method. Then effect of each heterogeneous Fenton regent was determined in dimethyl phthalate removal.
The results showed that maximum efficiency of heterognous Fenton process in dimethylphthalate removal occur at pH=4. Also at H2O2 concentration 0.1 mmol/L, nZVI dose 0.05 g/L, Dimethyl phthalate concentration 2 mg/L and reaction time 120 minute, amount of Dimethyl phthalate removal was 92.8%.
According to the results, nZVI- heterognous Fenton process has appropriate efficiency in Dimethyl phthalate removal from aquatic solutions and can be assumed as an effective and applied method for removal similar compounds from industrial wastewater.

Background and Stability of new synthetic compounds such as Dimethyl phthalate increased their concentration in the environment and food chain and caused health risks. Therefore, achieve effective and efficient methods to removal of pollutants are one of the environmental researchers concern. This study investigates efficiency of heterognous Fenton process using nZVI in dimethylphthalate removal from aqueous solutions.
This experimental study was conducted in batch reactor in laboratory scale and the efficiency of heterognous Fenton process was analyzed in a batch system with the effect of changes in operating parameters such as reaction time (15 to 120 min), pH (2 to10), H2O2 concentration (0.01 to 1 mmol/L), nZVI dose (0.01 to 0.5 mg/L) and initial concentration of Dimethyl phthalate (2 – 50 mg /L). Then the effect of each heterogeneous Fenton regent in dimethyl phthalateremoval was determined.
The results showed that the maximum efficiency of heterognous Fenton process in removal of Dimethyl phthalate is at pH=4. Also in optimal conditions, the parameters affecting reaction was determined as H2O2 concentration 0.1 mmol/L, nZVI dose 0.05 gr/L, Dimethyl phthalate concentration 2 mg/L and 120 minute, amount of Dimethyl phthalate removal was 92.8%.
According to the results, heterognous Fenton process using nZVI has an optimal efficiency in removal of Dimethyl phthalate from aquatic solutions and can be considered as an acceptable and low Cost method for the removal of similar compounds.

Heavy metal pollution of water sources due to discharge of factories into environment is the highest risk for human and environment health. Humans and animals by consuming vegetables and food staff washed with polluted water are at high risk. The quality of surface waters is a very sensitive issue. Sampling for watershed was carried out over 4 months (April, May, June and July) from 6 stations and quality parameters were determined. These parameters are: pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni and Fe. Also the data were analyzed with standard methods and atomic absorption. Results showed that in April the highest average was that of pb (.0.54 mg/l) and the lowest cadmium (0.001 mg/l). In May, the highest average was related to pb (1.15mg/l) and the lowest its was Fe (0.013mg/l). In June the highest and lowest averages were Cu(.0.56 mg/l) and Fe (0 mg/l) respectively, while also in July they were Cd (0.018 mg/l) and Fe(0 mg/l). The River was polluted with heavy metals in some stations and water quality of this river does not matchwith standards. With physical, chemical and biological agent monitoring and also with control of water quality indexes in these stations, we observed wastewater and other pollution arrive river. Environmental effects of pollution are seen in different parts of the river.