a. ahmadi

Today, human resources management in organizations has undergone fundamental changes, so that the importance of ethical principles of human resources is one of the most fundamental principles of establishing communication. The purpose of the current research is to develop a model for the development of ethical capabilities of human resources managers and employees.

The quantitative-qualitative research method has been applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part were experts in human resource management in sports, 10 of whom were selected as a sample according to the limited and expert community through targeted sampling. The research tool in this section was the use of semi-structured individual interview and the results were analyzed by coding technique. And in the quantitative part of the statistical population, there were 320 managers and employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Kermanshah province, and 175 people were selected as a statistical sample using the stratified random method and based on Cochran's formula. The research tool in this section was the use of a researcher-made questionnaire. PLS statistical software, structural equation model and confirmatory factor analysis method were used for data analysis.

The results of the quantitative part indicated that the model of developing ethical capabilities of human resources of managers and employees has a good fit. In the qualitative section, the coding results indicated 9 main categories, 19 central categories and 63 open codes.

Human resource management based on ethical thinking and perceptions can lead an organization to achieve development and a desirable level of activities and actions.

A predefined structure is usually employed for deep neural networks, which results in over- or underfitting, heavy processing load, and storage overhead. Training along with pruning can decrease redundancy in deep neural networks; however, it may lead to a decrease in accuracy. In this note, we provide a novel approach for structure optimization of deep neural networks based on competition of connections merged with brain-inspired synaptic pruning. The efficiency of each network connection is continuously assessed in the proposed scheme based on the global gradient magnitude criterion, which also considers positive scores for strong and more effective connections and negative scores for weak connections. But a connection with a weak score is not removed quickly; instead, it is eliminated when its net score reaches a predetermined threshold. Moreover, the pruning rate is obtained distinctly for each layer of the network. Applying the suggested algorithm to a neural network model of a distillation column in a noisy environment demonstrates its effectiveness and applicability. The proposed method, which is inspired by connection competition and synaptic pruning in the human brain, enhances learning speed, preserves accuracy, and reduces costs due to its smaller network size. It also handles noisy data more efficiently by continuously assessing network connections

The swash zone and its processes are significant in a beach system due to their considerable effects on beach hydrodynamics, morphodynamics, and ecosystems, including beach flows, aquifers, and sediment transport. Developing efficient numerical models to evaluate hydrodynamic-morphodynamic processes is essential, particularly in the swash zone. XBeach is a numerical model for beach simulations. In this regard, research gaps in this field have been considered in assessing the performance of the XBeach model based on the SB and NH modules, comparing the results of morphological process simulations, and sensitivity analysis of the results under different coastal conditions. Based on this, this research is dedicated to modeling three different laboratory models with varying hydrodynamic-morphodynamic conditions to evaluate the XBeach model's performance in simulating coarse-grained beaches' morphological processes. After calibrating and sensitivity testing the models, the results are extracted and compared with laboratory models in the numerical modeling process. The results of this research indicate that the XBeach model has an acceptable performance in modeling hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes in the Swash region, and simulation with the NH module performs better compared to the SB module (with a reduction in modeling error of over in various models). Additionally, the results show that phase errors during water infiltration/percolation into the aquifer in XBeach lead to the expansion of numerical modeling errors in calculating changes in the seabed profile and aquifer water level.

In order to determine the potential habitat of plant species, it is essential to know the ecological needs of the species as well as climatic and edaphic characteristics to apply management in accordance with the ecological conditions of the studied area. In this research, in order to develop model for the distribution of Astragalus Sp., using different statistical methods in part of the pastures of the Savar-Abad Basin, at first by producing using topographic, slop, aspect maps, types of vegetation in study area were determined. In the specified types, a number of sampling sites with dimensions of 2 to 10 square meters were selected. Information related to the presence and absence of Astragalus sp as dependent variable and other environmental information as independent variables was measured. In each homogenous unit, three transects of 750 meters, two transects along the most gradients (height, direction and slope), And another transect established perpendicular to those two transects. Along each transect, 15 plots were placed at a distance of 50 meters, thus 47 plots were established in each homogeneous unit. (Total 2 units, 94 plots). The size of sampling plots was determined according to the type and distribution of plant species using the Minimum Surface Method. In each plot, the type and number of plant species and their coverage percentage were recorded. For soil sampling, At the beginning and end of each transect, the soil profile was dug and soil sampling was done according to existing standards, and soil variables including gravel, clay, sand, silt, lime, organic matter, acidity and electrical conductivity were measured in the laboratory. Also, in each sampling unit, latitude, longitude, slope, direction and height from the sea level were also determined. In this study, the dependent variables are the data of the presence and absence of vegetation types, and the independent variables include soil and topography characteristics. The best distribution model was determined using statistical analysis. The results showed that the MaxEnt model has a better performance than the logistic regression and genetic algorithm models. However, the findings of the research show that altitude, acidity and salinity have a greater effect on the distribution of different species in the study area.

The direct connection of column splices using partial joint penetration groove welds with a penetration percentage between 40% - 60% of the thickness of the column section was common until the Northridge and Kobe earthquakes. With the poor performance of beam-to-column welding connections after the Northridge earthquake and column splice welding connections after the Kobe earthquake, new design details and executive instructions were added to the regulations and the use of partial joint penetration (PJP) welding in moment frame structures was prohibited and designers were required to use complete joint penetration (CJP) welding (AISC 341-10). With experimental and numerical studies conducted on PJP welding with a higher penetration percentage in I-shaped sections, the possibility of using PJP welds with a penetration percentage of 85% was confirmed in the regulations (AISC 341-16). All previous studies were conducted on the behavior of PJP groove welds in I-shaped sections. in this study, a 3D finite element numerical model was simulated in Abaqus software in order to investigate the behavior of the column splice and the failure and spread of damage in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). By ensuring the proper performance of the finite element model, 33 box-shaped column splices have been modeled, and the effects of parameters such as penetration weld percentage, column thickness and cross-sectional dimensions on the column splice behavior has been evaluated.

 Iranian shallot, scientifically known as Allium hirtifolium Boiss. is a perennial plant of the Allium genus and native to Iran. The Allium genus has many antioxidant properties due to its being rich in organic compounds of sulfur and phenol. The shallot is used to treat rheumatic and inflammatory pains, soothe superficial wounds, treat some stomach diseases, be antispasmodic, and also as a spice and flavoring in some foods. Considering the health benefits of shallot and its application in the food industry, shallot corms are harvested from the natural resources in different stages of growth. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve the natural habitats of shallot and also supply the market demand for this plant. It appears that the cultivation of shallots within agricultural systems could serve as a significant strategy for meeting the demands of the expanding global market. Furthermore, shallots are known for their low water requirements, making their cultivation a focal point in Isfahan province in recent years. Additionally, this crop stands out as a high-income generator in the region. Despite its economic potential, there has been limited research into optimizing the growth conditions for this valuable plant. Hence, this study aimed to explore the impact of urea and cow compost on the yield of Iranian shallots in the Fereydun Shahr region, focusing on the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and nitrates.
 
 This research was carried out in the crop year of 1400-1401 in a field with an area of 300 square meters (32° 55' 53" N, 49° 56' 43" E) located in Fereydunshahr city of Isfahan province. The experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design. Factorial arrangement of experimental treatments including two fertilization factors (urea and cow compost) was used. Plots with dimensions of 2 × 3 meters were created with a distance of 50 cm between the rows. The treatments were considered as urea fertilization at four levels (0, 120, 240 and, 360 kg ha-1) and cow compost treatment at three levels (0, 40 and, 60 tons ha-1). After plotting and applying cow compost treatments, shallot corms were planted at a depth of 10 to 15 cm in November 1400. Urea fertilizer treatment was applied in two stages, the first stage when the plant germinated (mid-April) and the second stage before flowering (second half of May). All treatments were applied in 3 replications. It should be noted that the treatments in this research are shown as 0-0 (control), 0-40, 0-60, 120-0, 120-40, 120-60, 240-0, 240-40, 240-60, 360-0, 360-40 and 360-60. The corms were harvested in June 1401 and the fresh and dry yield of the shallots was determined. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and, potassium in shallots was measured. Nitrate concentration was also measured in the harvested corms based on the Iranian national standard No. 4106. The nitrogen, phosphorus and, potassium uptake by shallots was obtained from the product of yield and the concentration of these elements. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure and the means were compared using the protected least significant difference (LSD) test at р < 0.05 probability level using SAS 9.3 software.
 
 The results showed that the combined use of chemical fertilizer (urea) and cow compost has a significant effect on the shallot yield increment, as the highest yield was obtained in the combined treatment of urea fertilizer 240 (kg ha-1) and cow compost 40 (ton ha-1) application. Although the highest nitrogen concentration and uptake were observed in the treatment of 360 (kg ha-1) of urea along with 60 (ton ha-1) of cow compost, it was not significantly different from the treatment of 240-40 (the treatment with the highest yield). In general, the concentration of shallots nitrate was much lower than the permissible limit according to the national standard of Iran No. 16596. The highest nitrate concentration (24.63 mg kg-1 of fresh weight) was observed in the combined treatment of 120 (kg ha-1) of urea and 60 (ton ha-1) of cow compost application (120-60), which was significantly higher than other treatments. On the other hand, the concentration of shallots nitrate in the 240-40 treatment was significantly lower than the treatments of 360 kg of urea per hectare along with 40 or 60 (ton ha-1) of cow compost.
 
 According to the results, to achieve the best yield, the most suitable level of urea application was 240 kg ha-1 and the best level of cow compost was 40 ton ha-1. It seems, utilization more amounts of urea or cow compost will only cause additional costs to the farmer and a waste of capital. Moreover, it can increase environmental pollution and nitrate concentration of product, which cause to quality decrement.

Since dead trees contain significant amounts of organic matter, they play an essential role in forest dynamics. In the present study, the changes in soil carbon stock were studied in relation to the dead tree features and its soil beneath in mixed broadleaf stands of Loveh forest in Golestan province, Iran using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and random forest model. For this purpose, the characteristics of 15 dead trees consisting of hornbeam, oak, Cappadocian maple, and ironwood were recorded in three decay classes 3 to 5, and the soil beneath them was collected from a depth of 0 to 15. The random forest model was implemented based on the relationship between the dependent variable (carbon stock) and the independent variables (effective factors) using the randomForest package in R software. The results showed that using the studied parameters, the random forest model justifies about 54% of the changes in soil carbon stock. According to the final model, the carbon stock of the soil beneath of dead tree is most affected by the three parameters of C/N ratio, nitrogen (%), and soil pH, so in a general trend with the increase of C/N ratio and nitrogen (%) and the decrease of pH, the amount of soil carbon stock around the dead tree has been increased. The present study's findings indicate that dead trees provide great potential for soil carbon storage, especially when faced with an old-growth forest ecosystem.

Pain is an unpleasant sensation. Studying natural pain reliever compounds can be beneficial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of Alpha Pinene in writing and plantar pain tests in rats.

In the present experimental study conducted in 2019, 30 male Wistar rats (270±30 gr) were used as case subjects. The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups; the first group: normal saline administered intraperitoneally (IP), the second group: diclofenac sodium administered IP at a dose of 5 mg/kg, the third group: alpha pinene administered IP at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. The fourth group: alpha pinene administered IP with a dose of 5 mg/kg, and the fifth group: alpha pinene administered IP with a dose of 10 mg/kg. Afterwards, the writing tests and plantar test (five groups for each test) were conducted. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS version 16 statistical tests.

The results indicated that in the writing test, the number of abdominal twists in the groups which received alpha pinene were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, in the writing test, diclofenac sodium 5 mg decreased pain intensity compared to the control group (P<0.05). In the plantar test, the pain intensity in the groups that received alpha pinene 5 mg/kg and diclofenac sodium 5 mg was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).

Alpha-pinene in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg of body weight could decrease the severity in the visceral pain model of writing test like diclofenac sodium with a dose of 5 mg. Furthermore, during 30 and 60 minutes in the plantar test, alpha pinene with a dose of 5 mg/kg was able to reduce the pain caused by heat compared to the control group, like diclofenac sodium with a dose of 5 mg.

In recent decades, the complex interaction between environmental factors and public health has attracted the attention of researchers, policy makers, and public health practitioners. Understanding how environmental factors affect human health is very important in dealing with citizens' health challenges. In recent years, geographic information systems (GIS) have been used as practical tools in this field and have enabled the investigation and analysis of complex relationships between environmental variables and health. These systems are a useful tool for zoning diseases, and with the spatial distribution of some diseases, significant results can be achieved. Results such as that some diseases are related to environmental factors. Diagnosing environmental factors in the direction of treatment, prevention and reduction of healthcare costs is a way to develop health. This article deals with the spatial analysis of some environmental factors affecting health in order to provide solutions to prevent the occurrence of pathogenic factors in citizens.

The research method of performing a location analysis includes several steps including data collection, data pre-processing, spatial analysis and integration with decision support systems. Collecting air quality data is one of the main parts of this research. The air quality of Tehran is affected by several factors, including the emission of pollutants by cars, industrial units and natural resources, the amount of each of which is measured using the network of air quality monitoring stations throughout the city of Tehran. This time-spatial data set enables us to investigate trends and changes in air quality in different areas of Tehran. Also, ensuring access to safe water is a fundamental aspect of public health. Therefore, the collection of water quality data is critical for our study. The desired parameters include water acidity or alkalinity (pH), clarity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and concentrations of certain pollutants such as heavy metals. Is. The data collected by local health centers have been used to analyze infectious diseases from animals. After collecting the required data, the process of data analysis and processing is done for their spatial analysis, and after the said analysis, the data obtained from different stages of the research are integrated in GIS. This allows us to combine spatial data to more clearly show the connections between environmental factors and diseases. This data integration should be done regularly and carefully so that the results of the analysis are valid. QGIS software was used to perform spatial data analysis and processing. In addition, Pandas and NumPy libraries in Python were used for statistical data analysis.

The data collected from the air quality monitoring stations allowed us to obtain detailed maps of the concentration of pollutants and their spatial changes. These maps are very valuable in monitoring health risks related to air pollution. Analysis of air quality data showed high concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter in densely populated areas. In addition, the concentration of NO2 near the main roads indicates the major contribution of vehicles in the production of this gas. The analysis of water quality in Tehran showed that there are no significant differences in the water quality of different regions. . The analysis of disease data provides important information about carriers, their habitats and behavioral patterns, which leads to a comprehensive understanding of the city's infectious disease ecosystem. Targeted measures to control infectious diseases in high-risk areas and education to the target community are necessary to reduce the risk of diseases.

Human health is affected by various environmental factors, including the place of their lives, so that it can be said that health-related issues almost always have spatial dimensions. Investigating the characteristics of these places (including anthropological characteristics and the presence of environmental risk factors) is very important in order to conduct studies. The results of this research showed that GIS has a valuable role in investigating and tracking the spread of diseases and other health issues in The length of time periods and the assessment of environmental risks for the residents of an area. Using GIS is one of the health warning solutions to people at risk. By specifying the location of the disease and the polluted areas of the city, people will become more aware of their surroundings and better understand prevention issues. Also, with the identification of high-risk areas, health costs and expenses will be adjusted because policy makers and health managers will focus on the necessary strategies to prevent and deal with the spread of these types of diseases in a targeted manner.

Sediment Bypass Tunnels (SBTs) are deviant channels that convey the current containing sediments from the upstream to the downstream of the reservoir. This study investigates the effect of hydraulic and geometry parameters such as discharge, flow depth and deviated channel width on the deviating of the flow and sediment to the SBTs. In addition, the effects of the submerged plates with angels 30o, 45o, and 60o on the sediment transport to the 90-degree deviated channel (SBTs) examined. The laboratory experiments conducted in the flume with 10.0 m long, 0.60 m width and 0.75 m height. Moreover, the SSIIM model used to simulate flow and sediment. The results revealed that the 33% reduction of diversion channel width would lead to an 8.5% reduction of the deviated flow to the deviated channel. The maximum performance of deviated channel was obtained when the Froude number decreased and the flow depth increased. In terms of the angle of submerged plates, it can be observed that increasing the Froude number by 0.3 results in a 22.2% decrease in the channel deviated discharge and a 53.3% decrease in the channel deviated sediment. By reducing the Froude number of the flow and the depth along with using submerged plates at an angle of 30 degrees, the optimal diversion option can be provided. The comparison results of the numerical simulation of the SSIIM model with experiment data indicated that it simulated deviated flow and sediment to the SBTs with the correlation coefficient more than 0.95.

The core idea of spatial data infrastructures (SDI) is based on "Design". The word "design" bears a deep philosophical meaning as it becomes a complicated yet practical tool owing to the confluence of experts from different disciplines, and not one particular science area, to borrow the people a grant of recognition/understanding and problem-solving. The primary purpose of developing an SDI is to design a designer; that is, it can design the recognition pattern and a suitable management strategy of the dynamic world for the end-users based on the input disseminated transdisciplinary data and information. Such a secondary (yet as important) design is underpinned by the synergistic conglomeration of data and information, eventually increasing the collective wisdom and co-intelligence in a society. Current research sets out to assess the applicability of designing a provincial SDI framework for the agriculture and natural resources sectors, availed by organizational coordination and the notion of crowdsourcing. Due to swift growth in farmers and, on the other hand, watershed stakeholders as a larger management unit, attaining a holistic grasp on the existing and potential strengths and weaknesses to assist such a sizeable beneficial spectrum would only be surmounted by producing and developing an SDI. Integrating SDIs with game engines would create an interactive environment, leading to a better understanding of the environment and the involved processes and converting data & information into knowledge and wisdom.

At the present time, the industry of space systems design, manufacture and launch has fallen out of favor with governments and numerous private sector representatives around the world are competing with each other for a greater share of this thriving business. The tendency from large single-satellites, high life-cycles in high-altitude orbits to high numbered constellations consisting of small satellites with low life-cycles and in low-altitude orbits is one consequence of this change. Space industries are increasingly keen to deploy small and low-cost satellites which demand for low-cost design. Technological advances in the design and manufacture of each satellite subsystem have accelerated this process and it has made the new generation of satellites superior not only in size but also in terms of performance. Minimizing multiple cycles in the design process and replacing cyclic optimization methods with straightforward ones can help improve this process. Rapid sizing techniques are well-known in aircraft industries as they allow designers to quickly prepare a ball-park design for their intended aircraft. In this research, we propose a similar approach, for Very High Resolution Passive Scan Agile Earth Observation Satellites that allows designers to become aware of the design different boundaries. The key is to prepare a 2/D space which describes any specific mission-leg with respect to the key configuration parameters. Such a design tool exhibits critical mission phases and their relationship to the key technological factors. In this approach, a designer can quickly decide upon technological barriers that might influence the Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) phases of the design and/or negotiate with stakeholders on any changes to the satellite mission. As total life-cycle cost is normally influenced by decisions made during RDT&E phase, it is expected that this method play an essential role to keep the overall cost down. Such rapid-sizing technique allows designers to do more trade-studies. This research has been concentrated on three main issues: (1) Existence of a design space for RS-satellites (2) The parametric characteristics and influential parameters that form such space. One suitable case-study have been discussed to support the proposed methodology. The maximum mass of VHR-PS-AEOS is largely influenced by its overall configuration, and its minimum mass is also influenced by the altitude reduction rate during the satellite's operational lifetime. The dimensions of the payload and its placement inside the structure to provide the required agility are critical requirements for determining the overall dimensions of the satellite and as a result its surface and volume. This research has been concentrated on three main issues: (1) Existence of a design space for RS-satellites (2) The parametric characteristics and influential parameters that form such space. One suitable case-study have been discussed to support the proposed methodology. The maximum mass of VHR-PS-AEOS is largely influenced by its overall configuration, and its minimum mass is also influenced by the altitude reduction rate during the satellite's operational lifetime. The dimensions of the payload and its placement inside the structure to provide the required agility are critical requirements for determining the overall dimensions of the satellite and as a result its surface and volume.

One of the problems in digital control of power converters is calculation time in each sampling instant which effect on cost and complexity of digital controller. In this paper, a formula is introduced for calculating the number of clock cycles in each sample then interaction between sampling frequency and implementation cost (number of functional units and word length) of FPGA-based digital controller of DC-AC converter (three-phase four-legs inverter) is verified. The digital architecture is built on finite set model predictive control, and implemented on the FPGA board based on fixed-point calculations. We consider two digital architectures for design the controller in this study. One with four functional units and another with six functional units. This study aims to develop a mathematical equation for the number of clock cycles in each time instant to select the best switching state in the control algorithm, which affects the sampling frequency and clock frequency. Based on the obtained results, the number of functional units, word-length, and the number of switches determine the maximum clock cycles. By knowing maximum clock cycles the maximum sampling frequency is determined. In structure with four functional units, the maximum sampling frequency is 71 kHz for WL=8 bits and 17.7 kHz for WL=32 bits, and in structure, with six functional units, the maximum sampling frequencies are 97.6 and 24.4 kHz for WL=8 and WL=32 bits, respectively. In architecture with more functional units, we have greater sampling frequency with more accuracy and cost. The results obtained from this paper can be a reference for digital controller design.

Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), the etiological agent of the Q fever disease, ranks among the most sporadic and persistent global public health concerns. Ruminants are the principal source of human infections and diseases present in both acute and chronic forms. This bacterium is an intracellular pathogen that can survive and reproduce under acidic (pH 4 to 5) and harsh circumstances that contain Coxiella-containing vacuoles. By undermining the autophagy defense system of the host cell, C. burnetii is able to take advantage of the autophagy pathway, which allows it to improve the movement of nutrients and the membrane, thereby extending the vacuole of the reproducing bacteria. For this method to work, it requires the participation of many bacterial effector proteins. In addition, the precise and prompt identification of the causative agent of an acute disease has the potential to delay the onset of its chronic form. Moreover, to make accurate and rapid diagnoses, it is necessary to create diagnostic devices. This review summarizes the most recent research on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis approaches of C. burnetii. This study also explored the complicated relationships between C. burnetii and the autophagic pathway, which are essential for intracellular reproduction and survival in host cells for the infection to be effective.

Today, the application of game theory has been proven in many sciences. However, for many years, many sciences such as economics, sociology, and politics have been progressing in a less than favorable way; because according to the personal and social situation of the players, different results can be obtained from the same game. Meanwhile, knowing the behavior of each player and its mathematical inference requires prerequisites, which include knowing the beliefs and culture of the society in which he lives. Meanwhile, the value of the literary treasure of that society cannot be ignored. Therefore, the authors of this article decided to open the way by examining three anecdotes of Saadi’s Golestan in the form of a game.

The most important problem that threatens food security of any country and the world is the lack of adequate water resources, so one of the ways to deal with this crisis is to use plants with low water requirements and high water use efficiency. Among the plants, we can name Quinoa, which is one of the plants that has been less studied and exploited in Iran. Since the planting date has the greatest impact on the physiological characteristics of the crop compared to other cropping treatments, so choosing the appropriate planting date can also create the greatest correlation between plant growth trends and climatic conditions. Undoubtedly, the use of biological fertilizers, in addition to the positive effects it has on all soil properties, is also economically, environmentally and socially fruitful and can be a suitable and desirable alternative to chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the response to deficit irrigation, planting date and application of different biofertilizers in quinoa.

This experiment was carried out during two cropping years 2019 and 2020 in a farm located in Moghan region. The site has latitude of 39◦27 N, a longitude of 48◦12 E and is 120 m above mean sea level, with an average annual rainfall of 250-300 mm. In this experiment, Titicaca cultivar of quinoa was cultivated in summer in the form of a double split plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors include irrigation at three levels (Conventional irrigation, Irrigation cut-off in budding stage and Irrigation cut-off in seed filling stage) as a main factor, planting date at three levels (27 July, 11  and 27 August) as a sub-factor and four levels of nitrogen biofertilizer (without inoculation, seed inoculation with Azotobacter, seed inoculation with Azospirillum and inoculation with a mixture of Azotobacter and Azospirillum) were considered as a sub-sub-factor. Plant height, stem diameter and panicle length in each plant were measured at the physiological maturity stage by randomly selecting 10 plants using a ruler with millimeter accuracy. Leaf area was measured by selecting 5 plants from each plot randomly and with the model Leaf area meter Li-cor. At the end of the growing season, the product of two middle planting lines with a length of 4 meters was harvested by observing the half-meter margin effect and after drying in a ventilated oven at 70 °C for 24 hours, grain yield was determined. Leaf carbon concentration was estimated by dry combustion with air flow in an electric furnace, Kjeldahl method (Sharpe et al., 2001) was used to measure nitrogen concentration. Experimental data were analyzed before analysis of variance for homogeneity of test errors through Bartlett test and then analyzed using SAS (9.1) software and comparison of means at 5% probability level using Duncan multi-range test.

The results showed that conventional irrigation with planting date of 27 August and inoculation of Azotobacter and Azospirillum biofertilizers had the best effect in terms of morphological traits and leaf nitrogen concentration and The highest grain yield (304.97 g.m-2) was obtained from conventional irrigation treatment with planting date of 27 August and inoculation of biofertilizers of Azotobacter and Azospirillum. Also, quinoa seed yield had a positive and significant correlation with plant height (r = 0.85), stem diameter (r =0. 64), leaf area (r = 0.86), panicle length (r = 0.86) and leaf carbon concentration (r = 0.38) showed.

The results of this study showed though conventional irrigation with planting date of 20 August and inoculation of Azotobacter and Azospirillum biofertilizers had the highest number of studied traits, especially grain yield (304.97 g.m-2), but with interruption of irrigation treatment at the stage of seed filling with planting date of 20 August and inoculation of biofertilizers were included in a statistical group, so in terms of the importance of water consumption, it can be said that in conditions of limited water resources, irrigation cut-off treatment in the stage of grain filling has the most favorable results.

Intercropping is an ecological crop management method in which at least two plant species grow simultaneously on a field. Increased land productivity in intercropping of cereals and legumes is mainly due to the positive interaction between cereals and legumes in the rhizosphere, which increases the efficiency of soil resource utilization, especially nitrogen (N). Mixed cultivation of legumes with cereals provides higher land use efficiency, lower water consumption, and greater environmental benefits than cereal monocultures. Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural plant hormone that affects various physiological and biochemical functions in plants, because it can act as a regulatory and mediating signal in the plant's response to abiotic stresses such as drought. In recent years, nanotechnology has also been introduced into agriculture, and several benefits of nanoparticle applications such as nano-silica (nSiO2) have been reported that can be used to increase the supply of nutrients to agricultural products. The aim of this study was to determine the possible role of growth regulators of salicylic acid and nanosilica particles (nSiO2) on crop yield in maize and mung bean intercropping under drought stress conditions.

The experiment was conducted in 2019-2020 cropping year in the research farm of Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, the University of Tehran, located in Karaj. The experiment was performed in the form of split- split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot was drought stress at two levels of full irrigation and cessation of irrigation, the sub plots included different intercropping arrangements of maize and mung bean: (maize monoculture (C100), maize 80: mung bean 40 (C80:M40), maize 80: mung bean 60 (C80:M60), maize 50: mung bean 50 (C50:M50) and mung bean monoculture (M100) and the sub-sub plots were four treatments of silica nanoparticles +salicylic acid, silica nanoparticles, commercial salicylic acid and control. Statistical calculations were performed by SAS 9.2 and Excel software in this study. The mean comparison was performed by LSD test and the probability level was considered 95% in all analyzes.

The results showed that the highest maize grain yield was obtained in the monoculture treatment, Si + Sa combined fertilizer and full irrigation, which was 179% higher than the lowest treatment (C50:M50 intercropping, control and drought stress). The highest biological yield of maize was obtained in the complete irrigation and Si + Sa fertilizer treatment under monoculture conditions. The lowest value of this index was observed in the treatments of drought stress, control without fertilizer and C50:M50 intercropping conditions. The highest yield of mung bean seeds was obtained in monoculture of mung bean, application of Si + Sa fertilizer and complete irrigation. The highest biological yield belonged to mung bean monoculture treatment, nano Si + Sa compound fertilizer and complete irrigation. The lowest was obtained in C50:M50 and C80:M60 intercropping treatments, non- fertilizer application and drought stress. Also, the highest land equivalent ratio was obtained in full irrigation and C80M60 intercropping and nano Si + Sa fertilizer treatment (1.57).

general, the results of this study showed that, drought stress reduced all the studied traits. While intercropping with increasing diversity had a significant effect on important agronomic traits under both optimal irrigation and drought stress conditions. LER values were more than one in intercropping crops that indicated higher ground productivity in these planting patterns than in monoculture of crops. The highest LER value was obtained in C80:M60 intercropping treatment under non- stress and application of nano Si + Sa. Silica nanoparticles and salicylic acid fertilizers had a positive effect on grain and biological yield of both plants as well as land equivalent ratio and reduce the negative effects of drought stress on plants and can be used as suitable approach to achieve sustainable agriculture goals.

Respecting the patient's rights is one of the most important components of providing humanistic care and a priority in the field of medical ethics in Iran. Therefore, the charter of patients' rights in Iran was announced in 2009 as a practice guide in this field. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the realization of patient rights from the viewpoint of doctors, nurses and patients hospitalized in selected departments of Shariati Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran in 2016-2017 on 487 participants who were selected by convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was the questionnaire of patients' rights awareness. The scores obtained were based on the individual's point of view regarding the observance of the right in question and ranged from 1 (not observed at all) to 5 (completely observed).

Based on the results of this study, doctors and nurses have reported less realization of patients' rights compared to patients. Patients, nurses and doctors, respectively, agree with the greater realization of patient rights in the areas of observance of justice (4.54±0.96), being polite to the patient (4.17±0.90), and quality of service in a scientific sense (3.37±0.85). In addition, patients reported less realization of patients' right in the areas of responsibility and accountability (3.03±1.59) (p=0.000), and nurses and doctors reported less realization of patients' rights in the areas of attention to the patient's well-being and comfort (3.45±0.99) and (2.48±0.84) (p=0.000).

The findings of the study showed that, in general, the attitude of the patients indicated that the patient's rights were better fulfilled compared to the doctors and nurses. of course, the views of service receivers and service providers were different regarding the degree of compliance with different dimensions of patient rights in the hospital, and it is necessary to prioritize the views of patients as service receivers and main beneficiaries in the interventions, and the service providers should be informed about it and the solutions to solve the existing shortcomings should be identified and appropriate action should be taken to solve them.

The utilization of health services is an opportunity for using health services by the needy. Since COVID-19 can have significant effects on all life dimensions, including the utilization patterns, especially in patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), this study aimed to determine and compare the extent of utilizing health services by individuals with and without NCDs in the Shahrekord cohort study before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 760 patients of the age group of 35-70 years in the Shahrekord cohort study, which addressed the urban areas of Shahrekord and the rural regions of Ardel city during two separate periods. For all patients, the questionnaire on benefiting from health services was completed. The data was collected using the telephone interview method and then analyzed using SPSS software.

The mean and standard deviation of the age was 44.95±8.65 years in the patients without NCDs  and 53.38±8.60 years in those with NCDs(p<0.001). The rates of medical service reception in those without common NCDs before and during the corona epidemic were 3.2% and 15.3%, respectively. In those with common NCDs, the rates were 7.1% and 27.1%, respectively (p<0.001). During the coronavirus epidemic, the average duration of receiving service, duration of service, paid fee, and the frequency of receiving service were longer in the participants with chronic NCDs (P<0.001).

The reception of medical services and outpatient services in the two groups of patients with and without NCDs during the coronavirus pandemic increased compared to the pre-pandemic period. This point should be considered as a lesson learned from the epidemic by the health system policymakers and planners to lay the grounds for providing care services, especially for chronic patients during epidemics.

Recent studies have shown that the integration of power generation, seawater desalination, and industrial gas production can significantly reduce costs and generate clean energy on a large scale. On the other hand, by the growth of population, transportation has been known as a major consumer of fuel and energy leading to higher energy demand, increased total costs and, more pollutant components. In this study, the effect of merging the transportation sector to the integration system on energy production and total costs by 2050 in 5-year time steps has been investigated based on an optimization method and a linear model simulation. The modeling was under three senarios :a) Integrated scenario, b) Current Policy Scenario and c) Combined integrated scenario. Renewable systems are considered to be the energy suppliers of power generation, seawater desalination, industrial gas and, transportation sectors. The results showed that the addition of the transportation sector had a significant effect on reducing the final cost from 41 €/MWh to 36 €/MWh which was attributed to the increased generated energy and the severe price drop of power generation technologies as a result of this merging. Also, the share of various renewable technologies in energy generation showed that in the Combined-Integrated scenario, the share of revenues especially solar PV was increased 2% from the Integrated scenario. The results revealed that the installation capacity had a 32% growth compared to the Integrated scenario and 90% compared to the CPS scenario.

In this study the factors that are affecting the copper nodular growth on the cathode edge were investigated from metallurgical and operation point of view. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of operational conditions on the nodular copper growth by characterization of the nodule-containing cathodes. Besides, the effects of defects on polymer edge strips as well as changes in weight and thickness of anodes on the formation of nodules were investigated. Electrochemical galvanostatic experiments were employed to study the effect of electrolyte additives and the distance between the anode and cathode on cathode surface quality. A relatively large porosities of about 50 µm were observed in the microstructure of the cathode edge nodules. In addition, few nodule samples that were taken was observed to have a higher concentration of Fe, Cd and Pb, up to 25 ppm. Low probability (1%) in the repeatability of the nodule formation over the same position on the edge strip was approved the insignificant effect of possible edge strip defects on nodulation. The large weight variation of anodes can cause the anode thickness variation by 10 mm and consequently alter the distance between the anode and the cathode. This was shown to cause formation of nodules at the cathode edge. The peaks that were observed in the cathodic potential curves in galvanostatic tests, were believed to be the sign of nodulation and therefore was investigated further using the optical microscopic images.

Varroa spp. is an important ectoparasite in the honey bee that is distributed worldwide and it may cause to decrease in the population in the honey bee colonies. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of seasonal distribution of Varroa mite in apiaries of Kerman province from 2017-to 2018. 1500 hives were sampled randomly in different apiaries in the Kerman province. Detection of   Varroa spp. infestation in adults honey bees was conducted by Ether wash. The prevalence of Varroa spp infestation in apiaries was 32.9%. The highest frequency of infection in winter was determined as 46.6% and the lowest infection rate was found in spring (24%). The highest and lowest mean density rate of infestation were 33% and 17%.  Regarding the rate of prevalence of Varroa spp in the apiaries of Kerman province, it needs to have a regular control program in order to decrease the rate of infestation in this region.

In recent decades, many values and social norms in Iran have undergone changes and transformations in parallel with widespread changes around the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of developmental idealism beliefs on styles the spouse selection among youths. The research method is based on a survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. As a matter of fact, the data was collected through a survey of 608 young people in Yasuj. Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between the variables of religiosity, developmental idealism, gender attitudes, and attitudes toward the spouse selection. The variables of materialism, cyberspace and Internet use as well as individualism did not have significant relationship with spouse selection styles. According to the final research model, the five variables that were most related to the spouse selection were in accordance with their importance i.e., religiosity, developmental idealism, age and education of the parents. Based on the final model of path analysis, the variables of age, religiosity of parents' education and gender attitudes have had a direct effect on spouse selection styles. The variables of individualism being male, cyberspace use, and attitudes toward marriage have indirectly influenced selection styles through developmental idealism.

In this paper, the seismic performance of bundled-tube structures in high-rise steel buildings was assessed under near-field earthquake records through conducting of nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. Three different structural modulations were selected and designed for the resistant skeletons of the studied bundled-tube structures with symmetric plans including 20, 30 and 40 story frameworks, based on the Iranian seismic code 2800 (fourth edition) and the Iranian national building code (Issues 6 and 10). The results were assessed based on the changes in the story lateral displacement and the seismic drift, which were chosen as two significant parameters in structural design process. The story drift variation under the influence of near-field earthquake records containing velocity pulses is more evident in the response of the taller studied structures, especially at higher floors. In addition, this behavior can be observed clearly in the dynamic response of the studied structures with uniform skeletal modulation. The existence of large ductility demands is confirmed according to the analytical assessment of the formation of dynamic displacement mode under powerful earthquake records and the formed plastic hinges mechanisms in the resistant skeleton. By approaching high-amplitude coherent velocity pulses, the characteristics of seismic behavior of the studied structures become intensively nonlinear.

The wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum Rondani, is one of the most important pests of wheat that damages this crop by feeding on vegetable sap. Among its natural enemies, ladybug Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) is the most active predator of this pest. The application of wheat fields may affect the population of these insects. The present study investigates the effect of common wheat herbicides on wheat aphids and their predator (i.e., ladybug H. variegata).

In the present study, the lethal effects of four herbicides (i.e., Clodinafop-propargyl, Tribenuron-methyl, 2,4-D plus MCPA, and Mesosulfuron-methyl+ Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) versus untreated types(control) was examined on the green wheat aphid S. graminum and its predator H. variegata using a completely randomized design under laboratory conditions at 25±1oC, 60±10% RH, and 16:8 hours (L: D). The individuals were transferred from infested wheat to fresh plants every week to keep an appropriate aphid colony. After reproducing several generations on the potted plants, the adults were considered for experiments. Adult specimens of H. variegate were directly collected from the same aphid colony using an aspirator and transported to the laboratory.The leaf-dip method was employed to evaluate the herbicide’s lethal effects. Besides, the mortality rates were recorded 24, 48, and 72 hours after the treatment process. Experiments were replicated for each herbicide four times. In this case, each replication included ten adult insects as subjects.

The results showed that using Mesosulfuron-methyl+ Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium on aphids killed all insects in the first 24 hours of the experiment. Clodinafop-propargyl plus Tribenuron-methyl caused mortality rates of 55, 70, and 92.5% at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-treatment, respectively. In the case of 2,4-D plus MCPA, the mortality rates were 20, 37.5, and 57.5% after 24, 48, and 72 hours of the experiment. Mesosulfuron-methyl+ Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium causes lady bug mortality rates of 45, 52.5, and 57.5% after 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. These valuesfor Clodinafop-propargyl plus Tribenuron-methyl were 17.5, 37.5 and 45%, while 2,4-D + MCPA caused 12.5, 15, and 27.5% mortality rates on ladybugs. Therefore, the present study recommends Mesosulfuron-methyl+ Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodiumto implement weed control in wheat fields and control S. graminum. Also, it is suggested to utilize Clodinafop-propargyl + Tribenuron-methyl and 2,4-D + MCPA in combination with biocontrol (using H. variegata) to perform the relative control of wheat aphids.

Agricultural herbicides can affect various insects such as pests and natural enemies. This procedure occurs through their direct toxicity or their effects on the population and diversity of their plant hosts. The present study is one of the few studies that simultaneously investigate the influence of herbicides on a pest and its natural enemy. The findings demonstrated that herbicides could directly affect insect populations. The principal purpose of the present study was to determine whether common and widely used herbicides in the cultivation of wheat in Iran can directly cause death in adults of aphids and their main predator (H. variegata). Since both of them have a high population in most wheat fields, their adults were simultaneously established and activated in the wheat farms during herbicides. Based on the recommended concentrations and direct application, four herbicides caused death in adults of green wheat aphids and ladybugs.