a. mirzadeh

The current research aims to assess the feasibility of groundwater resources in two soft and hard formations of the Shamil-Takht basin using logic and operators Fuzzy and Boolean in the GIS environment. For this purpose, eight and seven thematic layers in the soft and the hard formations were investigated and analyzed separately. The layers were prepared in a raster format in the GIS environment and then each of the layers was classified according to the values of usefulness obtained with Fuzzy membership degree and 0 and 1 Boolean values. In the next step, AND and Gamma operators for Fuzzy layers and Algebraic Multiplication operators for Boolean logic were used in combining layers. The groundwater potential map of the studied area was obtained from the desired pixels resulting from performing the operations at the output. Based on this, in Fuzzy logic, 77.1% of the area of soft formation and 11% of the area of hard formation, and in Boolean logic, 24.1% of the area of soft formation and 1.74% of the area of hard formation had the possibility of water sources. Areas with high potential of groundwater resources were in areas with low slope and cultivated and areas with weak potential of water resources were in areas with alluvial and sedimentary formations. Also, the field investigations confirm that the emerging springs and existing wells in the Shamil-Takht basin are located in the areas with the lowest slope and high density of the waterway.

This paper presents a new inventory model for deteriorating items, allowable shortages, and stochastic inflationary conditions, considering a belief-rule-base inventory control (BRB-IC) method. This is a new insight in comparison with the previous research, which considers a belief-rule-based inventory control under nonstationary demand. The Genetic Algorithm and exact methods have been considered for minimizing the objective function. The numerical example and a sensitivity analysis provided to illustrate the theoretical results.

This study aimed at evaluating the yield of grapes per unit area in two methods of drip irrigation and traditional irrigation using two models of Bisaliah and Logit models and analyzing some of the economic, managerial and environmental factors affecting the adoption of drip irrigation among grape producing farmers in Zabol County of Iran. The required information was obtained using a questionnaire completed from 197 grape farmers in the studied area through a random stratified sampling and library documents. The results from the Bisaliah model showed that the use of drip irrigation had two direct and indirect effects on the increase of grape yield; in case of direct effect, without changes in inputs, the yield per unit area increased by 24.14 percent and indirectly, with a change in inputs, the yield per unit area increased by 4.35 percent. In general, the use of drip irrigation in vineyards caused 28.5 percent change in yield (kg / ha). Also, the results from the Logit model indicated that the variables of farmer’s age, number of family labor and access to water had negative effects on the adoption of drip irrigation. It was also determined that variables such as farm area, level of literacy, farmer's occupation, land slope, farmer's income, type of land use, educational and extension classes, and availability of credits and facilities had positive and significant effects on the adoption of drip irrigation.

In some quality control applications, the quality of a process or a product is described by the relationship between a response variable and one or more explanatory variables, called a profile. Moreover, in most practical applications, the qualitative characteristic of a product/service is vague, uncertain and linguistic and cannot be precisely stated. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method for monitoring simple linear profiles with a fuzzy and ambiguous response. To this end, fuzzy EWMA and fuzzy Hotelling's $T^2$ statistics are developed using the extension principle. To monitor phase II of fuzzy linear profiles, two methods using fuzzy hypothesis testing, are presented based on these statistics. A case study in ceramic and tile industry, is provided. A simulation study to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods in terms of average run length (ARL) criterion showed that the proposed methods are very efficient in detecting various sized shifts in process profiles.

Introduction of fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) greatly enhanced the restoration of fractured anterior teeth. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of fiber reinforcement on fracture resistance of incisal edge composite restorations of variable thicknesses. Forty extracted sound human maxillary incisors were divided into four groups of 10. Incisal reduction was done by 3mm in groups 1 and 3 and by 4mm in groups 2 and 4. Incisal edge was restored with hybrid composite in groups 1 and 2 and hybrid composite reinforced by two Ribbond fibers in the palatal surface in groups 3 and 4. All specimens were mounted in acrylic blocks, stored in saline solution and thermocycled. The teeth were then subjected to static load by universal testing machine until fracture. The load was applied at 135° angle relative to the tooth surface to an area2mm apical tothe incisal edge at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Data were analyzed using Tukey’s test and P≤0.05 was considered significant. The mean fracture resistance was 436 (242) N, 492 (195) N, 992 (275) N and 1080 (236) N in groups 1 to 4, respectively and the difference in this regard among the 4 groups was statistically significant (p=0.000). The mean fracture resistance in group 3 (fiber-reinforced, 3mm thickness) was higher than that in group 1 (no fiber, 3mm thickness). This value in group 4 (fiber-reinforced, 4 mm thickness) was also higher than in group 2 (no fiber, 4mm thickness). The highest fracture resistance was seen in group 4.Thickness of composite had no significant effect on fracture resistance (p=0.347). Application of two Ribbond fibers can significantly increase the fracture resistance of incisal edge composite restorations.

Statistical process control ($SPC$), an internationally recognized technique for improving product quality and productivity, has been widely employed in various industries. $SPC$ relies on the use of control charts to monitor a manufacturing process for identifying causes of process variation and signaling the necessity of corrective action for the process. Fuzzy data exist ubiquitously in the modern manufacturing process, and in this paper, two alternative approaches to fuzzy control charts are developed for monitoring sample averages and range. These approaches are based on «fuzzy mode» and «fuzzy rules» methods, when the measures are expressed by non-symmetric triangular fuzzy numbers. In contrast to the existing fuzzy control charts, the proposed approach does not require the use of the defuzzification and this prevents the loss of information included in samples. A numeric example illustrates the performance of the method and interprets the results.

Although a control chart can signal an out-of-control state in a process, but it does not always indicate when the process change has begun. Identifying the real time of the change in the process, called the change point, is very important for eliminating the source(s) of the change and assists process engineers in identifying the responsible special cause and ul t imately in improving the proces s. In this paper, we first introduce an estimator for a change point with linear trend in the Poisson process, based on the likelihood function using a slope parameter. Then we apply Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the accuracy and the precision performance of the proposed change point estimator. Finally we compare, the proposed estimator with the MLE of the Poisson process change point derived under linear trend disturbance on the basis of cumulative sum (CUSUM) and Shewhart C control charts. The results show that the proposed procedure outperforms the MLE designed for drift time with regard to variance and is more effective in detecting drift time when the magnitude of change is relatively large.

In this paper, we derive rst some results on the Shannon entropy in order statistics and their concomitants arising from a sequence of f(Xi; Yi): i = 1; 2;: ::g independent and identically distributed (iid) random variables from the bivariate normal distribution and extend our results to a collection C(X; Y) = f(Xr1:n; Y[r1:n]); (Xr2:n; Y[r2:n]);: ::; (Xrk:n; Y[rk:n])g of order sta- tistics and their concomitants. We nally compute the value of the Shannon entropy in order statistics and their concomitants from a bivariate normal distribution.

IntroductionUnderstanding the current climate change conditions and planning for the future requires the knowledge of paleoclimatic conditions which has been studied less in Iran. Although there are diverse methods to detect these changes, to select the proper one, the range of time period, environmental conditions and data access should be taken into account. Materials and methodsOne suitable method of studying paleoclimatic conditions is oxygen isotope analysis. This research aims to identify climate change in Arjan Lake located in the southwest of Iran on the basis of geological proofs. To achieve the aim, a process is carried out. First, 9 cores were taken at depths of 1 to 3 meters in the study area. Second, sediment sections were divided into 5 centimeters for counting the Ostracoda shells. Third, in order to determine the exact age of the sediments, the method of C14 was applied in 3 samples in the different depths of the lake. And finally, the isotope values were measured using 22 samples at different depths of the lake. Results and discussionThe results of the research based on the oxygen analysis represents 12 climatic zones during 11 thousand years ago. Negative isotopic values indicated a cooler and wetter climate compared with the present time. The results also shows that there is a sharp gradient in isotopic extreme values indicating climate fluctuations in the study area.C13& O18 values shows that the lake experienced warmer and drier conditions in 11 thousand years ago. The driest and coldest periods were distinguished in 2020-2213 and 4261 years ago, respectively. ConclusionClimate fluctuations in the study area might be linked with changes in the atmospheric general circulation and regional elements determined temperature based on the isotopic values of calcite. This can offer a clearer picture of the past climatic conditions.

This paper intends to investigate the status of philosophy and principles as well as the necessity and non-necessity of having knowledge of philosophy to reason the jurisprudential and legal injunctions.Although some jurisprudents and fundamatalists proceeded to teach and study about philosophy during the history of lslamic sciences, and even though they sometimes posed some fundamental and jurisprudential questions during their philosophical subjects, in general, the viewpoints of jurisprudents and fundamentalists and lslamic theologians concerning philosophy and philosophers have not been desirable.According to the works of Martyr Sadre, since Mulla Sadra of Shiraz the philosophical problems have been included in fundamentalism.In the following periods some Jurisconsults such as the possessor of the codes of law, the possessor of chapters, Sheikh Ansari, and particularly the possessor of sufficiency (Kefayah), Muhaghegh Khorassani and his apostle, Ayatollah Company, have had a great contribution to the inclusion of philosophical questions (including: demand and determination period, the four-- worlds etc.) to jurisprudence and principles and concepts. As jurisprudential problems have credits, being dependent upon the prevailing principles in philosophy on these concerns have not been accepted and for the absence of relationship between philosophical arguments and the reasoning of injunctions, the omission or at least, their extracting from jurisprudence and principles seem to be necessary.

Hepatitis B virus can result in malignant syndromes such as acute hepatitis. 5-10% of infected adults suffer from chronic hepatitis. In developing countries transition from mother to newborn is one of the most important routs of transmission. Thus researchers observed this review to obtain effectiveness of Hepatitis in Urmia city’s population lab. Methods and Materials: The main goal of this semi experimental review is to quantify effectiveness of lectures in education. Fifty-two randomly chosen pregnant women were the samples of this review. They were educated using lectures and were examed about their previous knowledge. The instrument used for this research was a questionnaire also statistical results were analysed using SPSS and the mean value for the variance was T test. The results showed that the awareness of samples were low and education was effective. (P=0.000) and there was no relation between the number of pregnancy and awareness. As women have an important role in improvement of family health, an most of them should be completely educated on hepatitis.

Oldness is accepted as a certain event and has many social and psychological aspects. It is estimated that by 2025, number of elder population will be more than one billion. Because of the special structure of our population, we have not faced oldness problem very seriously in Iran, but in future we will terribly face it. Preparing a plan of actions is necessary to solve this problem, so it is needed to know about their current problems and requirements. So this research is done to study the health problems among the elderly patients of medical teaching centers of Urmia. Methods & Material: This research is cross‑sectional and retrospective. 1215 patients that referred to all private and public hospitals of Urmia in 1382 were selected by convenience sampling method. Data gathering tools were some questionners including 2 parts and their reliability had been controlled and questioners were filled by all the patients. Descriptive statistics were used to clarify our research aims. The research showed that the majority of patients were males (54.4%) and were 65‑70 years old. The most common problem was cardiovascular diseases (41%) and the least common problem was otolaryngology and above all cerebra vascular problems that mostly led to death. As the background of cardiac problems begin from childhood so the health authority of our country should try to create the necessary educational courses for families to reduce its consequences in oldness.

Ionizing radiations are the hazardous agents in the workplace and all forms of ionizing radiation produce some type of injuries. Awareness of application of protection guidelines and knowledge of the principles of radiation protection can play an important role in health of employees. Survey of radiation employee’s levels of awareness and practical behavior is essential and should be standardized. The hospitals were visited to determine the number of radiation employees and to select the samples. Data was collected by questionnaire and analyses were performed by EPI6 software. The employee’s awareness about protection in the radiation room was 70%, about application of film badge was more than 85%. The employee’s awareness of periodic inspection of atomic energy organization expert was 54% and their knowledge of long term and short term radiation effects were 98% and 95%, respectively. There was a meaningful relation concerning the level of education and awareness of the employees about MPD or principles of radiation protection (P<0.0007 and P<0.003 respectively). Our results reveal that the employees have acceptable knowledge about the use of film badges, however, they lack enough awareness concerning other issues of radiation protection. Proper and periodic educational courses for radiation workers are mandatory.

The future of every society depends on its children. Today, parents (especially mothers) must challenge for their care, training, and socialization. Parents most be trained about parental training, psychology and other sciences because knowledge of parents has significant influences in child's life. The present study is done on women in order to promote health and cultural opinion about training and discipline of children in two ways of health education. Methods & Materials: This study is a semi experimental study (before‑after education), and was done on 180 women. The data was gathered by a questionnaire and interview with mothers. Questionnaire included two parts. The first part presented demographic characters and the second part included questions about goals of study. The results showed that the majority of women were between (30‑39 yr), 31% high school graduated, 91% hcusewives, 33.7% had two children, 65% parents had knowledge about parental training and discipline and 52% had a previous education about it. The compassion of two ways of health education (booklet and congress) showed both type of education had same results (p>0.05). Findings showed both methods of education were effective on mother's knowledge. In order to improve mother's knowledge consequently the health of their children, all the health centers should apply our findings.

AIDS is the most serious and life threatening viral infection. Today prevention is a key component of treatment and HIV education. Education adolescent about AIDS is essential for preventing HIV infection because incidence of HIV infection increased in adolescent. Therefore the aim of this study is determine and compassion of two education program knowledge of high schools students about AIDS. Methods & Materials: This study is a semi experimental research. The number of samples were 120 students in two group (girls and boys). The first group teaching with booklet and the second group with congress. Data was gathered by a questionnaire. Questionnaire included two part first was demographic characters and second part, were questions about the aim of research. The results demonstrated (49.2%) samples are girls and (50.8%)boys. The majority of sample (57.5%) studied experimental sciences. (86.4%) of sample lived in urban and (13.6%) in rural area. Parents education level are under diploma (father 32.9%, Mother 42.8%). The majority of sample acquired information of ADIS by news and newspaper. Independent t‑test used for comparison of two education method in relation of disease concept (t‑=5.6, p=0.000<0.05), transmission via (t=‑2.72,p=0.007<0.05), prevention method (t=3.34, p=0.001<0.05). The result of research showed application of booklet is better than congress for teaching knowledge of student about prevention of AIDS by teaching in high school.

Most of the psychologists believe that most of problems and suffers are resulted from depriviations. So depriviation of present causes other problems like depriviations in child. The current study goal is to define educational economic and social status of shahid's children comparing to shahid's students in Urmia city. Statistical analysis showed that control group's educational status was better than that of experimental groups, but considering their social and economic status, the difference was not significant. In the high school level, only on the second term of grade two the experimental group's educational, social and economic status was better than control groups. Methods & Materials: The present study is an analytic one. The samples were gathered from the students who were studying in Urmia 1379. A questionnaire was used as a data‑gathering tool. The study done on 534 people who were studying in different educational levels e.g., guidance school, high school, 120 people for each group and university level (27people for each group). Considering education in the university level. The difference was not significant, but regarding their economic and social status the control group's status specially considering the number of rooms and welfare was better than the experimental groups. Considering the rest of the factors, the two groups were the same. In order to results of this study children in primary school, high school and university didnt have difference and just in guidance school they had meaningful difference, so we suggest this problem should study.