a. r. kazemi

Calcium flux disorders due to STIM1, ORAI1 and MG29 may contribute to muscle atrophy. Therefore, This study aimed to determine the effect of decreased physical activity through Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI) on the expression of these genes in rat soleus muscle after three exercise training models.

The present study was an experimental study that was conducted in Kerman university of medical sciences in 2020. 32 eight-week-old rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: CCI (Sham-CCI), CCI-endurance training (CCI-E), CCI-strength training (CCI-S), and CCI-combined training (CCI-CO). The training program was of 6 weeks’ duration, 4 sessions per week. Real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of genes. To determine the significance of the differences between the variables, one-way ANOVA test ,and if necessary, tukey test, was used.

The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference in STIM1 (F=134/98, p=0/001), MG29 (F=245/12, p<0/001) and ORAI1 (F=152/58, p=0/001) gene expression. Furthermore, tukey test results showed that STIM1 and MG29 gene expression in CCI-CO group was more than those in Sham-CCI and CCI-E groups. Also, ORAI1gene expression in CCI-CO group was more than those in Sham-CCI, CCI-E and CCI-S groups (p<0.05).     

The results showed that the decrease in physical activity through CCI leads to calcium hemostasis disorders. On the other hand, combined training increases gene expression of involving calcium flux, and decreases disorders of calcium  hemostasis and muscle atrophy.

Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Syntaphillin is involved in the anchoring of mitochondria to microtubules. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of six weeks of endurance training on Syntaphillin expression in spinal cord tissue of rats with experimental diabetic neuropathy.

40 rats were randomly divided into four groups, diabetes control (DC), diabetes training (DT), healthy control (HC), and healthy training (HT). Induction of diabetes was performed by intraperitoneal injection of the Streptozotocin solution (45 mg/kg). Endurance training was performed for six weeks. Tail-Flick and Von Frey tests were used to measure thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. The expression of Syntaphillin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA.

Teal-flick and von-Frey tests showed that pain threshold was significantly reduced in diabetic groups compared to non-diabetic groups (p<0.05). After STZ injection, blood glucose in diabetic groups increased significantly compared to non-diabetic groups (p<0.05). At the end of the study, the weight of diabetic groups decreased significantly compared to non-diabetic groups (p<0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the expression of Syntaphilin between HT, DC, and DT groups with HC group (p=0.001), between HT and DT groups with DC group (p=0.001) and between HT group and DT group (p=0.002).

Endurance training improves neuropathic pain responses and increases the Syntaphilin expression in the spinal cord of diabetic rats. These findings can be considered as a treatment for the complications of diabetic neuropathy.

Several methods of physical activities have been suggested to prevent diabetes. This study was done aimed at determining the effects of the 8-week intense interval training and combined strength-endurance training on secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) levels in women with type 2 diabetes. In this quasi-experimental study, 42 women aged 45-60 with diabetes and with the fasting blood sugar exceeding 126 mg/dL were selected and randomly assigned to three groups, including the SIT group (N =14), the combined exercise group (N =14), and the control group (N =14) who trained for 8 weeks. The SIT Group did the exercise 3 times a week, with 4-10 times of repetitions and the 30-second Wingate test was done on the ergometer with the maximum effort. The combined exercise group took the aerobic exercise 3 sessions a week with 60% of the maximum heart rate and 2 sessions per week of the resistance exercise taken at 70% with one repetition at maximum. The control group did not have any regular activity. The SPARC was measured using the blood samples 24 hours before and after the training periods. To analyze the data and determine the differences among the groups, the dependent t-test and covariance were used. The results showed that changes in the serum SPARC were not significant followed by any of the three SIT (p=0.54), combined (p=0.92), and control (p=0.52) groups. The comparison among the groups showed no significant difference among them (p=0.537). The results of the present study suggested that the 2 training protocols had the same effects on the factors related to insulin resistance. Furthermore, these two protocols were equally effective in improving SPARC. Thus, the use of the 2 training methods can be similarly efficient in improving insulin resistance.

Research means trying to obtain realities and in this regards, educational research environment refers to facilities and educational factors to create scientific- research motivation in person. Research in medical science universities is important because it is used to identifying and resolving educational, research, health problems and eliminating health- related problems. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between educational- research environment and research interest in graduated students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.
This cross- sectional descriptive- analytic study carried out on 101 graduate students through census sampling. Demographic data, student's perceptions of the educational- research environment and interest in the research were collected by a three- part questionnaire including 49 questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t- test, Tukey test and ANOVA) through SPSS.
results show that there is a significant positive correlation between educational- research environment and interest to the research (r= 0.40, p≥0.03). There is also a significant negative correlation between age and interest in the research (P≥0.001, r =-0.38). A significant difference was found between the educational environment and the college of education (P= 0.006).
There was a positive and significant correlation between educational- research environment and research interest in Master's students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. So deputies of education as well as research and technology should considered the result of this research and by doing proper intervention try to promote the level of educational- research services of students.

Resistance to chemotherapy is one of the most important problems in treatment of patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Pathway interruption of the phosphatidylinositol -3 kinase (PI3K) and its relation to resistance phenomena cause the inhibitors of this pathway, particularly buparlisib are introduced as one of the most promising cancer drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PI3K pathway inhibition on reducing the survival and induction of apoptosis in Nalm-6 cells using buparlisib.
In this experimental study, the phosphorylation level of Akt was evaluated using western blot to measure the effect of buparlisib on PI3K/Akt pathway in Nalm-6 cells. Nalm-6 cells were treated with different concentrations of buparlisib (0.5-4 µM) for 24, 36 and 48 hours to study the cytotoxic effect of this inhibitor and then, the metabolic activity, induction of apoptosis and changes in expression of genes involved in apoptosis were evaluated using MTT assay, Annexin/PI staining and Rq-PCR, respectively.
FINDINGS: Results showed that PI3K pathway inhibition using buparlisib causes the cytotoxic effect on Nalm-6 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner through reducing p-Akt. These findings suggested that probably, the anti-leukemic effect of buparlisib is mediated through almost 17-fold increase in apoptotic cells (p≤0.001) and rising the mRNA expression level of pro-apoptotic genes (p≤0.01).
The results indicated that buparlisib has anti-tumor activity against Nalm-6 cells so this inhibitor can be used as a promising agent for the treatment of ALL.

Breast cancer is nowadays one of the most harmful threats to women’s health. However, exercise training plays an adjuvant role in breast cancer (Adjuvant also means preventive. So, no need to repeat preventing.). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 6-week endurance training on the levels of interleukin-8 in the tumor and Interleukin-17 in the serum of mice suffering from breast cancer. In this study, 20 female Balb/C mice were randomly divided into exercise-tumor (RET) and rest-tumor (RRT) groups. The mice were oriented in the environment, and one million estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells (MC4L2) were injected into the top of the right thigh of each mouse. Subsequently, the RET group performed the endurance exercise 5 days per week for 6 weeks. The tumor volume was measured by a digital caliper each week. Finally, the mice were sacrificed, and the tumor tissue was removed and kept in -70°C. Then, ELISA method was performed and the data were collected. After 6 weeks of training, a significant decrease was observed in the RTE group in the serum level of IL-17 and IL-8 protein in tumor (P< 0.05). These results were consistent with the tumor growth rate. The findings of the present study indicate that endurance training can reduce IL-8 and IL-17 proteins in the tumor and serum of mice ill with breast cancer. Therefore, the physical activity is utilized as an important factor in the improvement of adjutant therapy along with other therapeutic methods to treat breast cancer.

Concurrent trainings are a form of exercise conducting two kinds of endurance and resistance training together. The aim of this study was to investigate the comparison of different order of concurrent training on plasma Myonectin levels, insulin resistance index (HOMA) and anthropometric characteristics of elderly women. Forty women with 55-70 year old with no particular illnesses, were divided randomly into four groups: endurance-resistance, (n=9), resistance-endurance (n=10), interval resistance-endurance (n=12) training, and control group (n=9). Height, weight, BMI, WHR and serum levels of myonectin, glucose, and insulin were measured and recorded before and after performing protocol. Experimental groups participated in concurrent training for eight weeks, three sessions every week, 60min in every session. Univariate (covariance) test was used for analyzing of data. There were no significant differences between experimental groups with control group in Myonectin (p=0.534) and insulin (p=0.37). But, there were significant differences in body mass (p=0.02), BMI (p=0.03), fasting glucose (p=0.001) and HOMA (p=0.028). Significant differences were not seen between experimental groups. Older women can take advantage from concurrent training with any orders of them.

Based on the global presupposition, 52 countries will face water deficit crisis by 2025, therefore, it would be inevitable to use water resources efficiently and favorably. In this regard, fundamental and comprehensive changes in the current agricultural structure are vital, which is referred to as the largest water consuming activity, designing the cropping pattern in order to determine the cultivated area, proper rotation, and water use is of the great importance. In this study we aimed to present a model which could provide optimum cropping pattern, cultivation area, and allowable deficit irrigation during growing season, using genetic algorithms. The results showed that the model did not suggest deficit irrigation during the cultivation period, instead full irrigation was suggested. Furthermore, the result of sensitivity analysis indicated that by increasing the price of water, the model has made 60 percent difference in cropping pattern in such a way that the maximum cropping area belonged to fully irrigated Maize (3.5 ha) and by decreasing the amount of applied water, the model decreased the area under wheat cropping and increased the amount of deficit irrigation by 20.32 percent.