abdollahzadeh

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of integrating Sensory Integration method and direct reading comprehension training on promoting the working memory and attention span in students with dyslexia in Boukan. The research method was semi-experimental, with a pre-test, post-test and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all 8-12-year-old students with dyslexia, from which 30 students were selected and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups, 15 subjects in each. The research tools included the children's Wechsler Intelligence Scale-the fourth edition and the Continuous Performance test. A combination of sensory integration method and direct comprehension training was taught to the experimental group for ten 40-minute sessions and the results of the analysis were analyzed using covariance analysis. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in increasing the active memory and the range of attention of dyslexic students (P ≤ 0.01). Therefore, the program of integrating Sensory Integration method and direct reading comprehension training will enhance the active memory and the range of attention of dyslexic students.

In this study, friction stir butt welding of Mg and Al alloys with applying Zn interlayer was performed. To obtain optimum condition, a combination of two travel and three rotation speeds were selected. Mg-Zn and Mg-Al-Zn IMCs, Al solid solution and residual Zn, were the most common phases in the stirred zone, which eliminated the formation of Al-Mg intermetallics. The maximum mechanical properties were achieved for the joint fabricated at 35 mm/min and 600 rpm, caused to 24% improvement in tensile strength and around 3 times enhancement of elongation compared with Zn free sample FSWed at the same conditions. The fracture micrographs were consistent with corresponding ductility results. Fracture surfaces of Zn-added samples presented a fine texture with a mixture of brittle and ductile fracture feature, which was different from the coarse cleavage plane and fully brittle fracture of the joint without Zn interlayer.

In this study, mechanism and kinetic of formation of boride layer on In-738 superalloy were investigated via diffusion pack cementation method. Boriding was carried out at 900 °C for several short times (5, 15, 45 and 60 min). Phase study by means of X Ray defragtion (XRD) indicated that in addition to Ni3B, other phases such as Cr5B3, AlB2, and W2B were formed at the first period of process, and other compounds such as MoB2, VB, TiB, Ni6Si2B, and Mo2NiB2 were generated in the more prolonged time. SEM study also showed that not only the thickness of boride coating was increased, but also an interdiffusion zone (IDZ) was formed under the coating and it was grown by the upward diffusion of alloy elements. The kinetic study was good according to diffusion theory, confirming the two diffusion steps for IDZ. Thickness and hardness of the boride coating over 60 min process were 27.8 µm and 853 HV, respectively.

In the present research, FSW of thin sheets of the 7075-T6 aluminum alloy were investigated. Welding speed was held at 50 mm/min. The tool rotational speeds were 600, 1000 and 1600 rpm. The microstructure was investigated by both transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electron backscattered diffraction scans (EBSD). The results indicated that several phenomena occur instantly during FSW in the stir zone, such as precipitation, continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), grain growth and precipitates dissolution which have a severe effect on the mechanical properties. It could also be concluded that for thin sheet of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy, plastic strain is the dominating factor over heat input of the FSW in determination of the microstructure of the weld zone.

Fungal endophytes are a known part of biodiversity associated with plants. They can colonize all parts of the host plant tissues and play an important role in enhancing plant health. Also, they can compete with the pathogens for the same niches and thereby reduce disease severity in plant. In order to identify endophytic fungi of oak trees, healthy plant samples including twigs, stems and leaves were collected from forest regions of Kurdistan province. Samples were cut into 2-cm-long segments. Then, pieces of samples were surface sterilized in 5% sodium hypochlorite and 70% ethanol and rinsed with sterile water three times. Then, samples blotted dry on sterilized filter paper and were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium amended with Doxycycline antibiotic 25 oC. A total number of 75 isolates were obtained. Based on morphological characteristics and ITS- rDNA regions sequence data, seven different fungal species including Peyronellaea glomerata, Truncatella angustata, Ulocladium botrytis, Microsphaeropsis olivacea, Chaetomium subaffine, Trichoderma citrinoviride and Trichoderma atroviride were identified as endophytic fungi of oak trees in Kurdistan Province. Chaetomium subaffine and Ulocladium botrytis were among the fungi showing the highest colonization frequency (CF%) in all the tissues analysed. The number of isolated taxa was greater in the stem and trunk of oak trees respectively than those in the other organs analyzed.

Since the nature of cooperatives is based on collective action, the way we look for and manage innovations to enhance these entities should also be collective. Collective Innovation is a suitable approach to deal with current problems of the value chain in the Agricultural Production Cooperatives. This applied research was carried out using a survey research method. The statistical population of this research consisted of all members (shareholders) of the 13 agricultural production cooperatives in the Kurdistan province (N=3500), of which 346 were selected using a cluster sampling technique. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was determined based on expert's view and reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different scales (from 0.853 to 0.932). According to research findings, main collective innovations in the several components of value chain was described, including (1) New crop cultivation,(2) The use of new inputs, (3) The use of new planting techniques and techniques, (4) Use of resources and assets, (5) Human resource development,(6) Packing products, (7) Product processing, (8) Grading products, (9) Labeling in the form of a specific brand, (10) Development of a reliable distribution network for the supply of the product to the market, (11) Formation of capital and financing, (12) Development of new infrastructure for the production and supply of the product, (13) Purchase of new machinery and equipment, (14) Risk management, (15) Coherent interactions with partners, (16) Advertising on products and capacities of the cooperative, (17) Customer Relationship, (18) the use of new communication and Internet technologies.

With the progression of information and communication technology, electronic governance and also crowdsourcing as one of its key components have attracted many governments attention. In order to encourage and motivate the citizens to participate in crowdsourcing projects, Game techniques and mechanics have been proposed as an effective solution. However, no significant research has been done in this regard and this subject has not been measured practically. The purpose of this study is investigating the relationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of citizens and participation in crowdsourcing projects. The statistical population of this research was citizens of Shahrekord and 215 questionnaires were randomly distributed among them. Data analysis was carried out based on Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) by AMOS software. The results showed that there is no meaningful relationship between extrinsic motivations and participation in crowdsourcing projects. On the other hand, a positive and significant relationship was confirmed between intrinsic motivations and participation in crowdsourcing projects.

Urban water distribution network is subject to quantitative and qualitative threats. Quality threats include chemical and biological threats. The crisis in quality of urban water network directly affects human life in three areas of residence, work and activity, and can turn a technological crisis into a social and political one. The first step in the passive defense engineering strategy of urban water supply network is identification of areas at risk; distinguishing places with high risk profiles and selecting appropriate locations for installing water quality controllers. This study spans these five general criteria: damages to pipes, valves, breakers, directors; damages to tanks and water reservoir locations; people living and settled in the local housing facilities; people active at the local workplace, commutating citizens and traffic. It consists of 17 sub-criteria such as levels of service of areas and reservoirs, the distance from water transmission and distribution lines, proximity to contact tanks, refineries, tank floors, pumping stations and air tanks, population distribution and density, sensitive applications, regional work and activities and municipal services, green space, proximity to subway, highway network, railway network, and a network of ways, metro stations and metro lines. The AHP binary method of comparison carried out by 30 researchers using GIS spatial analysis with combination of sub criteria Tehran zone is divided into five categories: super critical, critical, short-term priority, medium term priority and without priority. Finally, as well as analyzing Tehran completely, three zones are shown to be most risky.

In the current situation, employment is one of the most important social challenges in the country. In this regard, one of the institutions that have been trying to solve the problem by implementing employment plans is the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The purpose of this study was to analysis the weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities of the employment plans of the Khomeini Relief Committee in Golestan province. Research is a type of applied research which is done by descriptive-survey method. The statistical population consisted of all experts of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Golestan province (N=80). SPSS and Excel software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the most important opportunities for employment plans were "creating opportunities for the growth and improvement of the personality of the clients" and "protecting the family institution" and the most important threats were "the lack of supportive co-operatives from domestic businesses," "imports of similar products at a lower cost," and "lack of clients familiarity with the methods of advertising". The most important weaknesses were “buying cheap products manufactured by brokers "and" the lack of specific brands for clients' products". The most important strengths were “contributing to the development of the market for production and consumption"and "more flexibility of designs with living environment conditions". The results also show that weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities of employment plans are in the competitive strategy area. That is, we must eliminate the weaknesses by taking advantage of the opportunities.

Higher education institutions are faced nowadays with the need to apply entrepreneurship to all disciplines, specializations tracks, and courses provided in order to keep up with the 21st-century labour market dynamism. By pairing innovation with entrepreneurial mindset and skill sets in higher education, a new concept has emerged: The Entrepreneurial university which focuses on bringing academic innovations to the market. University –based entrepreneurial ecosystems have emerged as one of the most dynamic forces shaping the economic performance of individuals, companies, regions and countries. This paper employs action research methodology to construct a framework for illustrative explaining the entrepreneurial university as an entrepreneurial micro ecosystem. With the aim of illustrating a representative case, we first explore the challenges and solutions of the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources when contributing to the development of an university-based entrepreneurial micro- ecosystem. The reflection has been conducted as one of the key steps in the action research to extract a series of institutional lessons learned based on lived experience for the transition to an entrepreneurial university.

This study was performed in order to investigate effects of CuO nanoparticle (50 nm) and CuSO4, 5H2O as a disinfectant, on growth indices and gill histopathology of grass carp fingerlings. For this aims, 200 grass carp fingerlings (4.5±0.5g), were divided to four treatments included: copper sulfate (1, 1.5 mg/L), CuO–NPs) 100, 200 mg/L) and control group with triplicate, then were studied during 30 days. They were fed with 0.8 French BioMar carp and sampled on, 5th, 10 th, 15th, 20th, 30 th day after exposure. Growth indices of fishes were analyzed by SPSS software. Also, the gill microscopic studies were done. Specific growth rate, condition index, average weight and survival respectively, in copper sulfate 1.5 mg/L group and then CuO-NPs 200 mg/L had significantly decreased (p

This descriptive-survey study was conducted to diagnosing rural development cooperatives in the direction of codification of entrepreneurship development strategies. The statistical population of this study included all cooperation experts in administration of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare of Golestan Province. Using census method, 42 of them were selected as research samples. Content analysis of questionnaire showed the most important opportunities includes co-operatives exemption from tax and insurance, emphasizing the constitution principles (43 and 44) on cooperatives and possibility of using experts and graduates of the university to implement cooperative projects. The most important threats includes weak support banks and cooperative unions from rural development cooperatives, problems of access to proper market sale of agricultural and rural production and lack of social security discounts. The most important strengths includes providing favorable conditions for credit facilities, establishing the participation of villagers in various fields of industry, agriculture and services, conducting training courses that lead to cheap inputs in agricultural, industrial and quality products and preventing the continuity of wealth remaining in the hands of special individuals and groups. The most important weakness includes the lack of collective and cooperative work among members, inability to provide proper collateral for obtaining loans and the lack of utilization and proper use of technology in cooperative affairs. The results showed that the diagnosing of the cooperatives is in aggressive strategy area and which means taking advantage of domestic strengths and exploiting foreign opportunities.

Aims: Essential oils are a complex of volatile compounds obtained from different parts of plants. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil (EO) is known as a suitable source of antibacterial compounds. The aim of present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of cinnamon EO and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) against 2 strains of Listeria monocytogenes.
In this experimental study, 2 strains of L. monocytogenes (a standard strain and a fish isolated strain) were used. The antibacterial activity of cinnamon EO and ZnO NPs was assessed by well diffusion test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of cinnamon EO and ZnO NPs were also determined using broth macrodilution method. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of cinnamon EO and ZnO NPs were investigated in a liquid medium. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software, using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests.
Findings: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of cinnamon EO were 16µl/ml and 64µl/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the MIC and MBC of ZnO NPs were 12.5mg/ml and 25mg/ml, respectively. The bacterial population significantly decreased with increasing the ZnO NPs and the cinnamon EO concentrations (p Cinnamon essential oil and ZnO nanoparticles have strong antimicrobial effects against L. monocytogenes, so that the cinnamon essential oil shows bacteriostatic effects on Listeria, but ZnO nanoparticles show bactericidal effect.

The aim of this research was to investigate the input supply chain in the production of strawberries in the Ramian County. The qualitative research was done using phenomenological method and the qualitative data was collected by semi-structured interviews and direct observation. A representative sample of stakeholders in supply chain (n=55), including strawberry farmers, dealers and suppliers in the region were selected using snowball sampling. The collected data were analyzed using narrative techniques and mind mapping. Research results showed different paths for strawberry supply chain. Results showed that the Ramian County because of its specific geographic location conditions and mountain climate is very successful in strawberry cultivation and production. Thus, supply chain of strawberry production could be developed by establishing local festivals during the harvest season, local markets, roadside selling stations, processing fresh products (jams, jellies, marmalade) and introducing a local brand in the Ramian County.

This research aimed to investigate influencingfactors ontendency to collective entrepreneurship in agricultural production cooperatives. This applied research was conducted by survey method. The statistical population of this research included all members of agricultural production cooperatives in the Ghaemshahr Township (N=327). Using Cochran formula, Sample size was determined (n=141). The sample was selected by multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Validity of research questionnaire was verified based on the view of experts and its reliability was confirmed based on the calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0/86 and 0/79 for variable Tendency to Collective Entrepreneurship and Social Capital index, respectively). The path analysis was used to identify the direct and indirect effect of the independent variables on the two final dependent variables, including Tendency to Collective Entrepreneurship (TCE) and Social Capital. Results of research showed that 25.9 and 13.5 % of the respondents had high and very high TCE in the cooperative, respectively. The result of path analysis showed that TCE positively influenced by some independent variables, including social capital (0.69), membership in cooperative union (0.46), using a consultant (0.45), full exploitation of production capacity (0.38), current number of cooperative members (0.25), fostering essential changes in the cooperative (0.24), number of family members of the cooperative (0.14), initial capital of the Cooperative (0.14) and member participation in cooperative forums (0.80).

This review study was done with aim to introduce entrepreneurial marketing in agricultural cooperatives. Based on the reviewing models and concepts, synergy and integration of marketing and entrepreneurship in cooperatives management, creativity and innovative design in marketing with an emphasis on branding introduced as main implications of entrepreneurial marketing in agricultural cooperatives includes. Therefore, branding is a main component of entrepreneurial marketing and could be the key to success of agricultural products marketing by agricultural production cooperatives. In addition, the individual entrepreneur (manager / owner) and its three-dimensional competencies namely: functional, social and general entrepreneurial competencies are influencing on entrepreneurial marketing in cooperatives. Furthermore, entrepreneurial marketing in cooperatives affected by several components, such as: organizational factors, marketing mix, market research and analysis of consumer behavior, strategic and action planning, market monitoring and evaluation. Also, training cooperative managers and promoting entrepreneurial marketing culture among cooperatives is also important.

Designing flotation circuits is very important in terms of number of cells, in series or parallel topology to achieve the maximum efficiency. In most factories, the conventional forms of design are used. In this article, plug flow is used for number of cells calculation and estimating and designing the recovery of the ropher circuit. The model replicates Nochon complex flotation circuits, for which a sample of the mineral copper was collected and tested. The two key parameters of kinetic study k & R, are obtained with flotation parameter (k=0.13; R=96.88; RTD=28 min). The retention time was also calculated to be 28 minutes. Using the aformentioned Plug flow model and taking the factory production capacity into account the flotation circuit was determined with up to 3 parallel line and 7 series of cells. In other words from 21 cells with 4 minutes residence time, volume and total recovery are obtained 4 m3 & 94.34%. These results correspond with the results of a laboratory cell with 28 minutes Retention time and Plug flow.

The main objective of this research was using of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to find relations between psychological capital and entrepreneurial traits of agriculture students. This research carried out by survey method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all agricultural students of the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (N=2265). The sample size (n=225) was determinate by Cochran's formula and respondents was selected by proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data was gathered by a questionnaire, consisted of Index of Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans et al., 2007) and Measurement Instrument of Personality Characteristics of Iranian's Entrepreneurs (Kordnaeij et al., 2007). Formal validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by an expert panel (including faculty members of agricultural education and entrepreneurship). Reliability of main indexes of the questionnaire was determined based on Theta (θ) reliability coefficient (0.82, 0.86). Using SPSS and SAS software, the gathered data was analyzed. The results showed that the most of students (64 %) are weak and very weak in terms of entrepreneurial traits. Also, more respondents (46 %) have moderate level of psychological capital, 24% in low and very low and nearly 30 %had high or very high. Calculated correlation coefficients revealed a significance positive relationship between psychological capital dimensions and Entrepreneurial Traits. The CCA indicated that there are two important pairs of canonical variables between psychological capital and entrepreneurial traits of agriculture students with correlations of 0.51 and 0.30 respectively.

Investigating valuable works of literature by scientists of different fields and publication of various books associated with literature and policy, psychology, philosophy, astronomy, ets emphasizes on this important issue that literature dose not belong just to emotion and taste; rather it includes a wide range of sensory experiences based on concrete facts. on the other hand, There are rarely peers for MolanaJalalodin among Persian orators and poets who have realized the unique and influential role of allegory in conveying information and have been able to benefit it in the best and most skillful way. He based the cornerstone of Masnavi on stories and sought to teach his audience the most sophisticated scientific, mystic, moral, and social concepts using his unique skills in creation of allegory. One of the notable teachings of allegories in Masnavi can be found in verbal communication which is in the field of psychology. The researchers have tried to investigate this important human skill from perspective of Molana and match it with the comments of modern psychologists.

When subjected to an earthquake motion, a structure should absorb and dissipate lots of energy in different ways, allowing the structural members to enter the inelastic range enabling them to absorb the energy by their deformations. As structural members enter the inelastic range, permanent deformations occur, and to continue utilization of structure, those members which are too deformed or cannot be utilized anymore should be strengthened or replaced with new members, an operation which is difficult and costly. Therefore, the dampers installed in the structure, through energy absorption induced by earthquake, prevent other parts of the structure to enter inelastic range; as a result, following an earthquake, different parts of the structure can be either still utilized or fixed and replaced, if necessary, by checking the dampers.
According to the aforementioned things, this study aims to examine the structures to which damper is added as a retrofitting method. For this purpose, by selecting a number of intermediate steel moment frames, seismic vulnerability of these frames in the near- and farfield earthquakes was examined and such parameters as damage to frames and stories, relative story displacement, base shear and roof displacement were examined. In this study, viscoelastic dampers are used in order to reduce drift and structural damage. The results after dampers installation in the middle span of frames were compared with/without using damper, then it was concluded that viscoelastic dampers play an important role in absorbing energy and reducing damage in buildings. Moreover, drift and base shear as well as roof displacement decrease to a great extent. Comparing near- and far-field earthquakes, it was observed that the intensity of near-field earthquakes was higher causing devastating effects in buildings; installation of dampers, however, highly reduces these damages. Furthermore, the effect of dampers on taller buildings was found to be more, and greater reduction was seen in the examined parameters.

This paper is an attempt to synthesize nanostructured tantalum films on medical grade AISI 316L stainless steel (SS) using pulsed DC plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD). The impact of duty cycle (17-33%) and total pressure (3-10 torr) were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), proton induced x-ray emission (PIXE) and Rockwell indentation methods. The optimized deposition conditions for making the best film characteristics in terms of deposition rate, purity and maximum α-phase was recognized. Also, the results showed that using a near stoichiometric TaN interlayer in this technique improves the film adhesion strength and considerably increases Ta film purity. The NRA analysis results indicated that the pulsed DC-PACVD is capable of producing Ta films with negligible amount of residual hydrogen which makes films needless to post bake treatment.

Despite the novel of issues related to ethics and entrepreneurship, but there are considerable researches that explain the relationship betweens ethics and entrepreneurship. Identifying the prior theoretical and empirical literatures can provide appropriate vision to understand interaction between ethic and entrepreneurship. Moreover by increase in interest in entrepreneurship general issues ethics of business and entrepreneurship have been investigated from different orientation. Entrepreneurship ethic contents, ethic values, determinants of ethical behavior among entrepreneurs, the ethical context of entrepreneurship and such these have been studied over the recent years. These are important issues that currents study wants to investigate by using descriptive research based on analyzing documents related to entrepreneurship and business ethic as well as prior empirical research regarding components of entrepreneurial ethic. Generally finding revealed that business ethics are a sensitive subject in international entrepreneurship because moral values differ widely among people and nations. What is considered moral in one community may be considered completely immoral elsewhere. It is also possible for individuals from different backgrounds to have the same moral values, but to behave differently when faced with a common situation.

Bridges with each structural shape and with every kind of materials that are made, soon or late, fatigue effects are appeared in them, among kind and rate of these fatigues and their expansion trend, numerous factors are effective such as climate situation, flood or earthquake occurrence, load increase more than design rate, design qualification and performance and kind of materials. If each of these factors are not considered leads to decrease of useful life in structure. In this research after doing investigations by using FMEA-FUZZY method, it became clear that earthquake is known as the main and the most effective factor of bridges ruin in utilization case. For this reason, imposed earthquake on Babolsar bridges was strictly investigated and after bridges modeling in SAP software, probability of ruination in each structural element of bridges was calculated. Then, by using FMEA-FUZZY method, rate of risk in each bridge against earthquake becomes clear. Difference of presented procedure in this research with previous research is that by using this procedure it is possible to correct the situation of all bridges by budget similar to previous cases. And reaching to relatively proper case, while in previous researches, by using multi-criterion decision making method, we only selected a bridge as a critical bridge that was in most critical case and all budget was spend first for this bridge and then was spend for other bridges. The results show that each of bridges in which parameters has debility. So, it is necessary to do all schemes for resisting these bridges against earthquake and to prevent from probable difficulties, caused by earthquake on these bridges. Finally the result show that steel legs buckling at the first bridge and the second is necessary for reform.

One of the most important factors that lead to maladjustment and conflict in marital life is relationship problem of couples, which is the result of lacking appropriate and necessary skills for establishing healthy and intimate relationships. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effect of relationship enhancement program on reducing marital conflicts of dual-career couples.
The current study uses quasi-experimental method; where-in pretest-posttest design with control group has been used. The population of the present research comprised of all married women employed in the department of education of Shahryar city in 2013, who demanded to participate in the training sessions. By using available sampling method, 20 of the female teachers who showed highest levels of conflict with their spouses in marital conflicts questionnaire of Barati and Sanaei were selected and they were placed in two groups of control and experiment by random assignment method. The sessions of relationship enhancement program were held in 8 sessions in groups for the experiment group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed through methods of descriptive statistics and multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS v.16 software.
The results showed that the training of relationship enhancement program (REP) has led to significant decrease in marital conflicts among the women of the experiment group in the posttest stage (F = 13.92 & P > 0.01), and it has led to significant decrease in all the components of this variable, as well; including reduction of cooperation, reduction of sexual relationship, increased emotional reactions, increase in drawing child’s support, increased personal relationship with relatives, reduction of family relationship with relatives of spouse and friends, and separating financial matters from each other.
Findings of the present research suggested that relationship enhancement program has been effective in reducing marital conflicts among dual-career couples. It is recommended that future studies examine the effectiveness of marriage enrichment program on marital variables.

Creativity and innovation and ability to explore new opportunities are the most striking characteristics of entrepreneurs and the cooperative sector is the best context for developing and the improvement of entrepreneurship and collective entrepreneurial orientation. This paper aimed to investigate the tendency to collective entrepreneurship in agricultural production cooperatives. Required information was gathered from the literature review and related research background through library study method. The results show that there is a strong relationship between cooperatives and entrepreneurship so that the entrepreneurship constitutes one of the main preconditions for success of cooperatives. Actually, cooperatives can take advantage of collective entrepreneurship elements such as creativity, innovation, identify and take advantage of opportunities, risk taking increase their efficiency and effectiveness and to act in a more successful way. Therefore, financial, legal, educational, advisory and information supports from organizations and relevant institutions are necessary to develop and strengthen the collective entrepreneurship tendency in cooperatives.