فهرست مطالب bijan zare

Increasing population and changing consumption patterns have led to increased consumption it has led to various issues such as waste production in large cities, including Tehran. The issue of municipal wastes and wastes has become so widespread that their territory no longer ends with technical issues and has a deep social and cultural nature. Therefore, the study of waste management culture among the citizens of Tehran has been considered as the main issue of the research. The present study is qualitative and the data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interview technique with the elites of the Waste Management Organization and the Waste and Recycling Department of the 22 districts of Tehran Municipality in the period of April and May 1400 and to analyze the data from Thematic analysis was used. The findings of the present study are 7 main categories including policy-making vacuum, lack of empirical / theoretical knowledge, skill / cognitive training vacuum, poor operationalization and implementation, consumer thinking towards nature, social devaluation and Rental coalitions include cohesive and sub-categories. The results show that the extracted categories and themes emphasize two categories of deficiencies that have hindered culturalization in this area: the first category refers to the components related to citizens and the second category There are categories that have led to the lack of institutionalization of waste management culture from the outside.

The current research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the bases, causes and consequences of these abnormalities among teenagers with an emphasis on secondary school girls. The current study was conducted using a qualitative method based on the grounded theory method. In order to identify hidden sexual relations, using the purposeful sampling method and the combined strategies of theoretical and snowball sampling, interviews were conducted with 30 female secondary school students of one of the high schools in Shazand city as a study sample, and after coding and categorizing, drawing a model Paradigmatic bases, causal factors, intervenors and consequences of these abnormal hidden sexual relations have been analyzed. The hidden illicit sexual relations identified among female students include: the phenomenon of extramarital relations, the phenomenon of premarital sex, and the phenomenon of sexual sadism and masochism. Based on the data collected from sample people in open coding and axial coding, in general, 10 categories were obtained for background conditions, 9 causal conditions, 7 interfering conditions, and 10 categories for consequences. For each phenomenon, a paradigm model in 4 sections was obtained based on the categories. which include causal conditions, contexts and contexts, intervening conditions and consequences are presented. The study of hidden abnormal sexual relations showed that the existence of these deviations has spread significantly and there is a need to seriously plan in the field of sexual socialization and parents' relations with girls. Neglecting and covering up these deviations under the pretext of their being taboo will not help other than to increase the depth of the consequences of these deviations.

In this study, the effect of social factors on students' social identity, with emphasis on lifestyle and social class, was investigated. In addition, family and religion are considered as traditional sources of identity. Social identity consists of four identities: global, national, ethnic and consumption. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire and distributed among 400 students at the universities of Zabol and Kharazmi. Bivariate analysis, compare means and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Results showed that indicators in two universities have significant differences. The relationship between lifestyle and global identity, ethnic and consumption identity and also the relationship between social class and global identity, national and ethnic identity was confirmed. Regression analysis showed that the greatest impact on global identity is caused by religiosity but in the negative direction, national identity by family, ethnic identity by the family, and consumption identity by lifestyle. The explanatory of the independent variables, according to the modified R2, for global, national, ethnic and consumer identities was 16%, 26%, 24% and 12%, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the healthy lifestyle of children (0-4) years old with the cultural capital of mothers in Mashhad. The method used in this research was survey and the data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this study was all married women with at least one child aged 0 to 4 years in Mashhad in 2014-2015, Using the Cochran's formula, 384 people were determined as the sample size. Sampling was done by classification method according to the volume.The findings showed that there is a meaningful and direct relationship between the healthy lifestyle of children (0-4) and the cultural capital of mothers in Mashhad, which means that by increasing the amount of cultural capital of mothers, children from 0 to 4 years old will have a healthier lifestyle. The relationship between cultural capital dimensions including embodied cultural capital, objectified cultural capital and institutional cultural capital were also confirmed by the variable of healthy lifestyle of children aged 0-4 years old in Mashhad. In total, cultural capital predicts 18 percent of the variation in dependent variable.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-cultural factors on water consumption. Statistical population of this study was the citizens of Tehran in less than 6 buildings in district 5 of Tehran and according to the Regional Water Statistics, there are about 4,000 households. Of these, 212 households were selected randomly based on Cochran sampling and through the questionnaire, the necessary information was collected. The research method was quantitative and it has been tried to test the model based on the theoretical framework of research using multivariate structural equation modeling. The theoretical framework of research is Bourdieuchr('39')s theory of cultural and social capital types. Based on the final result of the paper and the multivariate test, between the independent variables (household dimension, age, gender, time at home, individual education, household income and household items) and the dependent variable (water consumption) household dimension variables and household income had a significant effect on water consumption. However, the effect of age, sex, time of home stay, education, and home appliances on water consumption was not significant.

Curriculum as a political document in every society must reflect its values and basic policies. In this research some approaches to multi-cultural curriculum planning in higher education have been presented, the results of which could be applicable in the Ministry of Higher Education (for all Universities), Farhangian University, and Shahid Rajaiee Teachers’ Training University. The research is a practical one using a descriptive-analytical methodology and library or documented study. It has also carried out a field survey obtaining the needed info through interviews and questionnaires. Using Cochran Model, the sampling consisted of 373 persons from the statistical population of 10000 professors, staff, and university students studying within the period of 1391 to 1396, pursuing their continuous Bachelor Degree in Farhangian University. In this research SWOT method has been used for analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and presenting the most important policies of multi-cultural curriculum. Moreover, the strategic model of SOAR has been applied to planning the strategy of strengths and explaining the opportunities, ideals, and results. Then with applying the quantitative strategic planning matrix, the various strategy choices have been identified and assessed. We can sum up the best strategy for multi-cultural curriculum planning as setting up the curriculum and syllabus on the basis of the whole country's cultural diversity to the extent that the policy of “unity in plurality” will be implemented properly.

The present study is a sociological study of the level of work commitment among teachers working in education in Maku city in West Azerbaijan province. Since one of the most important goals in the growth and development of society is its efficient workforce and human resources, so paying attention to this important resource is one of the duties of managers, officials and specialists to identify and identify relevant quality factors in the workforce. Maintain and enhance it and make employees committed to the organization.

In this research, the required data were collected using the survey method and questionnaire technique. The statistical population of the study consisted of teachers working in three elementary, middle and high schools in Mikumi education, among whom 286 students were selected using Cochran sampling formula and using quota sampling.

After analyzing the data, the mean score of job commitment index was about 3.16 out of 5 and it was found that organizational participation, work attitude, perception of organizational justice, job motivation, management style, alienation from work, job satisfaction and job base with The dependent variable of work commitment had a significant relationship, but the underlying variables had no significant relationship with the dependent variable. The results of the multivariate regression test also showed that the remaining variables in the equation account for about 60% of the variance of the dependent variable of work commitment.

Exchange theories of tendency and tendency theories, which state that motivations have a great influence on people's behavior and behavior, are confirmed.

The purpose of this study is Factors affecting motivation research among students and professors in Farhangian University. The research method is descriptive. The population was 3212 people. The sample was 346 male students and professors chosen randomly from Farhangian University in East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan and Ardebil, based on their contribution in sample. Measuring devices are based on researcher’s questionnaire and its content validity was measured by the use of teachers and education experts’ judgment. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha that is equal to 0/836. Spss software was used for data analysis. The results show that there is a significant and direct relationship between encouraging factors in scientific cooperation, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation and the sense of self-empowerment and research motivation among students and professors in Farhangian University. There is a direct and significant relationship between discouraging factors in scientific cooperation and research motivation among students and professors in Farhangian University. It can be concluded that whenever the level of scientific cooperation, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, and the sense of self-empowerment increases, research motivation also will increase among students and professors and vice versa. Whenever the level of discouraging factors in scientific cooperation rises, the research motivation will increase among educators, students and professors, and vice versa.

The present paper examines the level of commitment of teachers working in educational system in Maku city and its effective organizational-managerial factors. In this study, in order to select theoretical foundations of the research, it was tried to use a theory with a high explanatory power and theoretical strength through a review of previous research and theories related to the subject. Accordingly, productivity theories were used from job satisfaction, Maslow's theory of needs, organizational justice perception, work ideas, alienation, exchange of Likert and McGregor management ideas. After extracting the hypotheses, a survey method was used to study the subject. The statistical population of this study was teachers working at the three educational levels of the Maku, which included a sample of 286 people. After analyzing the data, the average of the commitment to work was estimated to be 3.16 out of 5. It was determined that organizational partnership, organizational justice perception, management style, alienation, job satisfaction and job base are related to job commitment and the level of education of teachers has meaning You do not have a dependent variable. In multivariate regression analysis, the total of the remaining independent variables in the equation explained about 44% of the changes in the dependent variable.

This essay examines the sociological issues of high school teachers. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the Prydanberg, Pinz, Maslach, and Litr psychological theories on the implicit concept and the sociological theories associated with this concept. Sampling method in this research, the sampling was proportional to the volume and the data gathering tool was a questionnaire. After collecting data in the form of a questionnaire, the data are analyzed using descriptive and analytical tables using SPSS software. Based on the findings of the research, it has been shown that between independent variables (relative deprivation feeling) and field variables There is a relationship between the teacher's field of study and the uncertainty of the teachers, while there is no relation between the variables (economic, social, and gender) and the teacher's impeccability. The variables in the regression analysis have been able to explain 41 percent of the dependent variable variations, that is, social insecurity.

The attitude of Tehran’s couples related to childbearing with emphasis determinant of socio-cultural capitals. Considering the significant role of social and cultural capital components,the present research was designed by the aim to investigate the attitudes of couples in marriage to childbearing pay in Tehran.for the purpose of research, survey and questionnaires were used. according to the multi-stage stratified sampling ,400 couples who referred to health centers in Tehran were selected as sample. Theoretical framework based on Bourdio and Patnam. the variables used to explain attitudes toward childbearing are:social trust, social support, social participation, network of social relations, social networks, consumption of cultural products, institutional cultural capital and embodied cultural capital. regression analysis showed that studied variables explain about 15 percent of the changes in attitudes toward childbearing. path analysis also showed that the most important determinant of attitudes toward childbearing is social participation variable with beta coefficient 0/329, and after this variable, the variables of social networks, institutional cultural capital and embodied cultural capital have the highest share in the attitudes of couples toward childbearing in Tehran.
Key words: attitude, fertility, social trust, social support, social participation, network of social relations, social networks, consumption of cultural products, institutional cultural capital and embodied cultural capital, couples in marriage, Tehran.

An interactive application, Modelface, was presented for Modeller software based on windows platform. The application is able to run all steps of homology modeling including pdb to fasta generation, running clustal, model building and loop refinement. Other modules of modeler including energy calculation, energy minimization and the ability to make single point mutations in the PDB structures are also implemented inside Modelface. The API is a simple batch based application with no memory occupation and is free of charge for academic use. The application is also able to repair missing atom types in the PDB structures making it suitable for many molecular modeling studies such as docking and molecular dynamic simulation. Some successful instances of modeling studies using Modelface are also reported.

This study was designed by the goal of investigating the attitudes toward childbearing, with an emphasis on lifestyle factors among pre- marriage women referring to health care networks have been conducted in Tehran. For the purpose of research, survey and questionnaires were used. According to the statistical society ,384 women were selected as sample in Tehran. The theoretical framework of this research is edited by emphasis on the ideas of Bourdieu and Giddens.Results showed that the lifestyle and its constituent components (body management, free time, cultural consumption and socioeconomic status) have a significant relationship with attitudes toward childbearing, and 32 percent of the change in attitudes toward childbearing is explained by the independent variables(body management, free time, cultural consumption and socioeconomic status). Also, among the aspects of lifestyle, socio-economic status with beta coefficient 554/0 have the most impact on the dependent variable. In other words, mentioned variable ,In addition to the direct effect on women's attitudes toward childbearing in Tehran, also influence on all aspects of lifestyles, and cultural consumption variable ,in addition to the immediate effect on women's attitudes, is influenced by the other dimensions of lifestyle . after socioeconomic status, body management component with beta coefficient 336/0 is affected on women's attitudes toward childbearing.According to the results we can say that 83.3 percent of pre- marriage women, have compilation and modern attitude toward childbearing and its functions.the results of this review show popularity of two children pattern among pre- marriage women, which can be extracted two children pattern as the ruling ideal and lifestyle of the discursive space in Tehran.

By emerging of the West Industrial Revolution as well as Constitutional Movement of Iran , of huge political, social, and cultural developments happened which affected various poets, authors and their works. So that there were no magisterial, manifestal, and command poetry; furthermore, it caused a community isolated and alienated feeling after the August 28 Coup.
This paper tries to investigate and survey the social alienation indices of ForoughFarokhzad poems which are narated from social-political conditions.
The research method of current study is an analytical- attributive.It also uses content analysis technique which has been studied various social –familial situations and conditions of Forough life adjoining with social alienation components and themes(such as: feeling of loneliness, emptiness . and meaninglessness - Feelings of depression and social isolation – hypocrisy and lack of mutual trust between individuals- feelings of despair, helplessness and disenchantment from the community ).

Wake-Promoting Agents (WPAs) such as amphetamine-like stimulants or modafinil, armodafinil, methyl phenidate, caffeine and nicotine reinforce the level of vigilance through an stimulated release of neurotransmitters implicated in the arousal threshold maintenance, hence shift the drive from the sleep-promoting to  wake-promoting system. The modulatory effects of WPAs on cortical activation pathways give rise to enhanced vigilance. For example, cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and the adenosine receptors on these neurons are agonized and antagonized by nicotine and caffeine, respectively. Caffeine similarly antagonizes adenosine receptors on the GABAergic neurons and intensifies the inhibitory drive in preoptic/anterior hypothalamus which involve in sleep induction. Modafinil however exerts its wake-promoting effects through stimulating the tuberomammillary nucleus and the hypocretinergic neurons which activate the ascending reticular activating system. Although many neutransmitter systems such as dopamine are thought to be involved upon the effects of WPAs, the empirical evidence to explain the exact mechanisms need to gain strength.

Socio-economic development cannot develop without any increase in the social personality of people. In this respect, family is the most fundamental and the most important Impressive factor in the socialization process and social character development in human life. This study aimed to study the relationship between family characteristics (type of family, cultural capital, social capital, social status of family and background variables) with the formation of entrepreneurial traits in the character of children in Hashtgerd city. This research was a survey in the study and the tool to collect data was questionnaires. Sample size was obtained by using the Cochran formula and by using simple random sampling. The Statistical population of this study includes 250 of the Hashtgerd residents aging between 18-39 years who attended Iran Technical & Vocational Training Organization courses. The results show that there is a meaningful relationship between family social capital, type of family and also the gender of respondents with entrepreneurial traits in the character of children. But there was no significant relationship between family cultural capital and other variables related to entrepreneurial traits in the character of children. Also social capital variable had a significant relationship with all entrepreneurial aspects except dream aspect. It must be said in a multivariate regression analysis of all the variables entered into the equation, only three variables of social capital, family type and gender of respondents had significant relationship with of entrepreneurial traits in the character of children and they gained the overall amount of 0/151 among dependent variables.

This study has tried to investigate and reconstruct the meaning of life style in a phenomenological approach among young people in Tehran city. Most research done on this issue has been described by adopting deductive strategy and underlying prefabricated theories. While the phenomenological method focuses on how humans meant their experiences and transform them to collective and personal form of their consciousness. It also requires a methodological understanding that how humans experience these phenomena. Researcher to collect such data is necessary to engage in-depth interviews with people who have directly experienced the phenomenon of interest that means they have Lived experience that is in contrast with second order experience and the operating variables that derived from metanarratives. Thus، we have distinguished four major lifestyles of young people''s lives in Tehran according to Husserl’s epoche manner and meet schutz’s typification criteria that contain; pleasure seeking - aesthetic lifestyle، functionalistic، subcultural and passive.

The present research aims to investigate the relationship between the family social capital rate and the entrepreneurial characteristics of the people participating in short-term entrepreneurship training courses in different districts of Tehran in 2010. Based on Cochran's sample size formula and using simple random sampling method, 201 subjects were selected from among 2010 people. This was a survey study, and the data was collected using a questionnaireconsisting of standard items about the research dependent variableas well as some standardized researcher-made items on the variable offamilysocial capital along with otherindependentvariables. The entrepreneurial dimensions in people’s personality which were focused in this research included moderate risk taking, control center, the need to success, intellectual health, practicality, ambiguity tolerance, daydreaming, and challenge seeking. The results indicated that family social capital had a significant positive relationship with the research dependent variable, i.e. entrepreneur personality. There was also a significant positive relationship between this variable and seven out of eight entrepreneurial dimensions in the personality of children. However, it showed no significant relationship with practicality rate in the personality of children.

Electromagnetic radiations which have lethal effects on the living cells are currently also considered as a disinfective physical agent. In this investigation, silver nanoparticles were applied to enhance the lethal action of low powers (100 and 180 W) of 2450 MHZ electromagnetic radiation especially against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. Silver nanoparticles were biologically prepared and used for next experiments. Sterile normal saline solution was prepared and supplemented by silver nanoparticles to reach the sub-inhibitory concentration (6.25 μg/mL). Such diluted silver colloid as well as free-silver nanoparticles solution was inoculated along with test microorganisms, particularly E. coli. These suspensions were separately treated by 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation for different time intervals in a microwave oven operated at low powers (100 W and 180 W). The viable counts of bacteria before and after each radiation time were determined by colony-forming unit (CFU) method. Results showed that the addition of silver nanoparticles significantly decreased the required radiation time to kill vegetative forms of microorganisms. However, these nanoparticles had no combined effect with low power electromagnetic radiation when used against Bacillus subtilis spores. The cumulative effect of silver nanoparticles and low powers electromagnetic radiation may be useful in medical centers to reduce contamination in polluted derange and liquid wastes materials and some devices.

The use of biogenic selenium nanoparticles for various purposes is going to be an issue of considerable importance; thus, appropriate simple methods should be developed and tested for the synthesis and recovery of these nanoparticles. In this study, a fungus was isolated from a soil sample, identified as Aspergillus terreus and used for extracellular synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs). UV–Vis spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum studies were carried out to confirm Se NPs formation within 60 min. Dynamic light scattering and scan electron microscopic methods were also used to characterize both size and shapes of the Se NPs. The results show that spherical particles with average size of 47 nm were formed by adding a culture supernatant of A. terreus to selenium ions solution. This approach appears to be an easy and appropriate method for extracellular synthesis of small Se NPs. Extracellular synthesis of small Se NPs has not been reported yet.