h. r

The education field is one of the infrastructural fields of the health system and in order to evolving this field training of the human resources should be evolved. The evolution and innovation document is a special opportunity for education practitioners and universities' authorities to take a step towards the promotion of medical education in the country. Proper and timely pathology is one of the measures which it leads managers to become aware of their organization's problems and to prevent them from becoming acute. This study was conducted to identify the current status of evolution and innovation packages in medical education in Iranian universities of medical sciences.

This qualitative study is in the form of thematic analysis. The statistical population was consisted of all experts, key informed individuals and those involved in the implementation of evolution and innovation packages of medical education, which 24 people were selected as participants of the study by purposive sampling using snowball technique. Data were analyzed using Maxqda 10 software. Participatory review method and non-participant experts review were used to obtain the validity and reliability of the data.

9 main categories, namely the damages of packages' implementation, structural damages, policy damages, environmental damages, managerial damages, motivational damages, damages of the accordance of capability and occupation, and cultural damages were identified according to the results of the qualitative study. Most of the injuries reported by participants were related to executive problems at the university, macro-area and motivational levels. The least reported injuries were related to managerial injuries.

Identification of problems and damages of implementing evolution and innovation packages at universities can have positive consequences for the improvement of the quality of medical education. Most of the mentioned codes were related to the problems of the way the packages were implemented in universities, indicating that the lack of knowledge of faculty members about the packages and lack of students' involvement in the implementation of packages will be important in the implementation of packages. Medical education policymakers and planners can identify the damages of evolution and innovation packages implementation to examine the existing defects and to provide effective executive strategies for optimal implementation of packages.

Climate change impacted of the amount, timing and type of precipitation, also was impacted on water quality, increased droughts, increased demand for water, changes in the management of water resources, as well as sea level rise and its complications. Climate change also had great influence on the temperature changes so that maximum and minimum values and extreme temperature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of climate change on rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature use with 15 of atmospheric general circulation model under two scenarios A1B and B1 in the period 2039-2011. For this purpose, the use of beta statistical distribution of rainfall changes, minimum and maximum temperatures were calculated from 15 general circulation model, the probability of 20, 50 and 80 percent, respectively. The results showed that the probability of 20 to 80 percent under both scenarios A1B and B1 minimum and maximum temperatures are rising and the rain is falling. The minimum and maximum temperatures under A1B increased more than B1 scenario and precipitation reduced under B1 more than A1B scenario. The results showed that 19 to 22% decrease in precipitation and minimum temperature of 13 to 20% and a maximum temperature of 2.4 to 6.4 percent increase compared to baseline the Tuyserkan catchment.

High local groundwater flow into rock tunnels is a technical and environmental problem for underground constructions. Geological structures such as faults, open fractures, and dissolution channels could play important roles in conducting ground waters to the tunnels. However, prediction of groundwater inflow from these structures using analytical and empirical method often failed due to given hydrogeological assumptions and simplification such as a homogeneous and isotropic porous medium around the tunnel. The Zagros water tunnel is located in the northwest of Kermanshah province. A huge amount of groundwater flow into the tunnel through fractures occurred during drilling of the second part of tunnel. The second part of tunnel passes through Pabdeh and Gurpi formations. A considerable amount of groundwater flushed into the tunnel when the Ilam Formation was penetrated, causing numerous problems and great damage to the drilling operation. The goal of this study is to identify the factors that influenced water flows into the tunnel. To this purpose, geological features of high flow rate zones have been identified and investigated. The highest input rate (800 l/s) was recorded in the zone Hz23 located in Kurdighaseman anticline. The relationship between geological features and the groundwater inflow into the tunnel indicated that faults play conveying role for ground water into the tunnel. Evaluation of high local groundwater inflow to rock tunnels based on characterization of geological structures is more reliable compared to available analytical and empirical estimation.

Blood pressure disease is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between Glasser's basic needs with hypertension in the middle aged peoples by mediating variable of humor.
In the present study, descriptive-correlational research design was used. The sample consisted of 204 middle aged people who referred to Bu-Ali Sina Hospital in Qazvin (92 males, and 112 females). Purposive sampling method was utilized for collecting the data. The instruments of the present study included Sahebi adjustment scale, sense of humor questionnaire and the blood pressure information questionnaire. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling method.
Findings: The results showed that the proposed model had an acceptable fitness. In the relationship between basic needs with blood pressure and the role of mediator of humor, the direct relationship between blood pressure and the need for belonging, fun, survival, power and freedom was significant (95% confidence interval). Indirect relationship between blood pressure and the need for belonging, fun, survival and power was significant. Also, the direct relationship between humor and blood pressure was confirmed (β=- 0.55). Finally, in this model, the direct relationship between the need for belonging, survival, power and freedom with humor was confirmed (95% confidence interval).
It can be concluded that there is a meaningful relationship between humor and blood pressure. Glasser's basic needs and, consequently the humor and their uses in dealing with stresses can reduce the blood pressure in middle aged persons.

The purpose of this study was to identify the components of professional development of talented managers in Tehran's non-governmental high schools using mixed research method. In the qualitative section, the targeted sampling approach and the use of snowball technology and the application of theoretical saturation criterion, were used in semi-structured interviews with 14 experts of the founder, the famous nongovernmental schools in Tehran. The reliability of the interview resulted in an agreement between the two coders (evaluator), equal to 86.9%. In analyzing these data, thematic analysis (theme) was used by maxqda software. In the quantitative section of the statistical society, all non-governmental high school principals of Tehran in the academic year of 2016-2017, consisting of 510 people, were selected from among which 218 managers were randomly selected using the Cochran sampling formula. The implementation of the quantitative part was done using a researcher made questionnaire based on the results of the qualitative section. Validity and reliability of research tools were optimum. For analyzing quantitative data, descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were used. The results of the research showed that it is possible to summarize the development of talented managers in three components: creating opportunities for career development, creating opportunities for individual development, encouraging managers to improve themselves. The general results of the research indicate that the three components of the study, explaining and covering 49.34% of the variance of managers professional development (creating a learning opportunity with coefficient of 53%, separating financial issues from education with coefficient of 56% and encouraging managers In their upgrading, the coefficient of 0.48 contributes to the explanation of the variance of developmental structures.

Using cold roll forming process can only produce profiles with constant cross-sections.While industries, such as automotive and construction, require profiles with variable cross sections.High costs and dimensional limitation of these products by production methods with limited flexibility, such as incremental forming, deep drawing, and hydroforming, led to the idea of using roll-forming process to produce these components discussed. That is the famous the process of forming parts with variable cross-sections or flexible roll forming process.This process has some defects like other forming processes that are causing unexpected forms. The main defects of this process are web warping, the deviation from the desired edge position, edge wrinkling, fracture at bending edges, longitudinal deflection. One of the main defects in this process is the fracture phenomenon. The fracture is observed on the bending edges at transition zone in which sheet thickness is largely compared to the bending radius. In this research, the fracture phenomenon was investigated on flexible roll forming process of channel section using ductile fracture criteria and FLD criterion. For this purpose, finite element simulation of the process was done using Abaqus software.The fracture defect in this process was investigated using six ductile fracture criteria and FLD criterion. Then, experimental tests were performed using flexible roll forming machine made in Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University. By comparing simulation results with experimental results, numerical results were validated. In addition, by comparing the results of ductile fracture criteria and FLD criterion with experimental results, the Argon ductile fracture criteria were chosen as the most appropriate criteria to predict fracture. Also, the effects of parameters were studied as sheet thickness, bending radius, and bending angle on fracture with argon as the selected criterion. The investigation results showed that by increasing the sheet thickness, bending angle increases the risk of fracture defects in the product; by increasing bending radius, the risk of fracture defects in the product decreases.

With respect to the human need for functional food and the importance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as a functional food, identifying the rich resources of fatty acids greatly attract of interest of scientists. Based on this studies, it is found that microorganisms especially yeast species are rich resources of unsaturated fatty acids. In the present study, yeast samples of perch fish, which has the ability of oil production, were isolated and then their ribosomal DNA were used to identify the yeast species. According to the phylogenetic tree, it was known that the yeast species isolated from the gills of perch fish was Candida Orthopsilosi SAKSG. The response surface method showed that the highest oil content (26.3) was achived in media that had 50 g/L glucose and 5 g/L yeast extract. Moreover, maximum amount of biomass (1.16%) was obtained in medium with 46.16 g/L f glucose and 19.67 g/L yeast extract. It is notable that reduction in temperature treatment was led to improve unsaturated oil increment in this microbial lipid up to 24 percentages. reduction of temperature at the end of the fermentation time concide with rising in unsaturated fatty acids with long fatty acid more than 20 carbon, while when temperature was increased from the beginning of the process, structural unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acid were increased.

Second metabolites isolated from salvia spices mostly are terpenoids and flavonoids which are bioactive compounds with high healthy effects. Extractions of these materials by solvent causes chemically unstable and lower healthy effects. Encapsulation of essential oils in a lipid carrier such as nano-emulsion is scientific way to reduce this problem. The aim of this research is encapsulation of essential oil of salvia hypoleuca in nano emulsion and investigation of antimicrobial and physicochemical activities of this essential oil. Nano emulsions containing salvia hypoleuca essential oil with tween 80 and span 80 as surfactants with different HLB were produced by using high intensity ultrasound. Determination of size, distribution of particle size and physical stability of nano emulsion over time was investigated by using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Also evaluation the antimicrobial properties against gram-positive bacteria (bacillus cereus and enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (moraxella catarrhalis and klebsiella pneumonia) microdilution method was used. The results showed that the size and distribution of particle size were in the range of 89-141 and 0/36-0/41 and nano emulsions were stable during 60 days. Anti microbial activities of nano emulsion against all bacteria were better than free essential oils.

Despite the presence of natural antioxidant the Halwa-Ardeh oxidative stability can be affected by storage condition. The use of thyme essential oils (0.05 and 0.1%) and BHT and their impact on the chemical (acidity, peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid number), sensory and microbiological characteristics of Halwa-Ardeh during the 2 months storage at 4 and 25 °C compared to control samples were evaluated. Based on the results, the oxidative stability of Halwa-Ardeh samples containing BHT were higher than samples containing essential oil during storage at 4 °C, but the peroxide and thiobarbituric values of samples containing essential oil at 25 °C were lower than samples containing BHT. In both storage temperatures, the antifungal activity of essential oil was more than BHT. Also, the panelists were evaluated the sensory characteristics of samples in terms of aroma, taste, color, texture and overall acceptance. The results showed that except for the color, other sensory scores were decreased during storage at both temperatures. The sensory scores of the sample containing 1.0% thyme essential oil were significantly lower than others, and no significant differences were observed among other treatments. In general it can be stated that the addition of thyme essential oil up to 0.05% to Halwa-Ardeh improves antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of samples, and in order to creating diversify of the Halwa-Ardeh can be used in its formulations.

The aim of this study is to identify factors affecting deviant behaviors.
Based on the literature job satisfaction, organizational commitment, ethical climate, job stress, organizational justice, perceived organizational support, organizational politics were identified. Statistical population of this research includes 200 staff at headquarters of University of Tehran. Using Morgan table sample size was determined 127. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used with LISREL software.
Except for the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction all hypotheses were confirmed.
The results showed that people, who are satisfied with their jobs, are more committed to their organizations and have more organizational support with less job stress and have an appropriate ethical climate in organization, are less probable to commit deviant behaviors. Moreover deviant behavior may be observed as reciprocity against unfair behavior and organizational politics.

Breakfast skipping was related to obesity and obesity has been associated with psychological disorders, but limited data are available linking breakfast consumption to psychological symptoms.
The association between breakfast consumption and psychological disorders, including depression and anxiety, was studied among Iranian adults.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4378 healthy adults in Isfahan, Iran. Breakfast consumption was assessed using a validated detailed dietary habits’ questionnaire; and depression and anxiety using an Iranian validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Psychological distress was also examined by means of Iranian validated version of General Health Questionnaire.
Findings: Overall, 611 numbers (13.95%) of study participants had anxiety, 1253 numbers (28.62%) depression, and 1015 numbers (23.18%) probable mental disorders symptoms. After controlling for the confounding variables, participants with every day breakfast consumption had lower odds for depression symptoms (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.36-0.66) compared with those with the least frequent intake of breakfast, even after further adjustment for BMI (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.34-0.63). Frequent breakfast consumption was inversely associated with anxiety before and after controlling for BMI (P This study showed an inverse relation between breakfast consumption and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and probable mental disorders among Iranian adults. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

According to important of arachidonic acid in food chain, Mortierella alpine as good resource of arachidonic acid was considered by many scientists. In this research, alpha amylase of immobilized bacillus amyloliquefaciens was used for hydrolyzing of polysaccharide in order to production reduces sugar. These substrates that hydrolyzed and have high content of reduce sugar were fermented for fatty acid and biomass production by Mortierella alpine. The highest levels of reduce sugar were obtained in wheat sprouts (102.57), millet (57.50) and wheat (51.62) respectively. Starch and reduce sugar together in media has great effect on dry biomass. The highest and lowest content of biomass was obtained in wheat sprouts (3.7) and rice (1.72) respectively. The analysis of profile of fatty acid showed that the highest content of commercial fatty acid such as linoleic acid (41.873), oleic acid (30.61) and archidonic acid (27.54) were obtained in corn, rice and potato medium respectively.

A breeding hexaploid wheat line named later WS-89-7 was introduced to Iran within the CIMMYT 28th-ESWYT international nursery with " KAUZ/PASTOR//PBW343 " pedigree in 2007. This line showed average grain yield of 6.352 t/ha compared to check cultivars Pishtaz and Bahar average with 6.463 t/ha in Karaj and Zarghan during 2007-08 crop season. This genotype due to good grain yield of 10.842 t/ha in normal irrigation treatment and 6.773 t/ha under terminal water stressed treatment of preliminary regional wheat yield trial selected in Karaj during 2008-09. The check variety Pishtaz performance for these two conditions was 9.376 t/ha and 6.264 t/ha for normal and stressed conditions respectively. This line was tested in water stressed advanced and replicated trials over 3 stations at 2009-2010 and with recorded grain yield of 6.658 t/ha compared to 5.775 t/ha of WS-82-9 as check, forwarded to water stressed adaptation trial. The adaptation and stability of this line was evaluated in a 2 years experiment tested over 5 stations (Karaj, Neishabour, Kermanshah, Isfahan and Varamin) during 2010-12 period and with grain yield of 5.144 t/ha against 4.990 of WS-82-9 and 4.830 t/ha of Sirvan check varieties and due to its good resistance to stripe rust considered for on-farm trials which was followed in 2012-13 over 2 locations of temperate zone showing average grain yield of 4.687 against same amount for Sirvan cultivar as check in Kermanshah. This variety showed grain yield of 5.706 t/ha against 5.092 t/ha of Sirvan check cultivar in demonstration trial in Alborz province. According to the final investigations reaction of Baharan to yellow rust was recorded as 0 to maximum of 40MR in the inoculated nurseries. In case of leaf rust, maximum reaction was 30M/MS in Gorgan. Bread making quality of this variety is good and it is an early maturity variety.

Several pharmacological activities of the essential oil of Trachyspermumammi seeds (TAEO) have been previously studied. These include antitussive, antihypertensive and antispasmodic effects. However, its action on isolated aorta has not yet been studied. This study was aimed to investigate calcium channel blockade activity of TAEO on rat aorta. Extraction of T. ammi seeds was performed using Clevenger-type apparatus with the final content of 4.5% (v/w). To evaluate some probable mechanisms of action of TAEO, the action isometric tension was then measured in the aortic rings from Wistar rats which were precontracted with phenylephrine (1µM) or KCl (60 mM). The cumulative concentrations of TAEO (20-100µg/ml) reduced precontraction caused by phenylephrine and KCl significantly(p

The Present study has evaluated the role of direction of wind on the sand dune morphology in Jen erg. To reach this goal, it used data of wind from synoptic stations around erg by wind rose in order to specify dominant wind direction and sand rose to find the direction of transfer of sand respectively by WR-plot and Sand rose graph software. Then by analyzing Aerial photos, Google earth satellite images and Field visit in addition to determining the exact geographical boundary of the erg, various types of Sand dunes in erg determined and morphological map of erg prepared. Results have shown that the direction of Erosive winds that are effective in creating sand dunes and the direction of transfer of sand over region were not the same in result we can separate Jen erg to two distinct area, long length Strings in shape of a collected silk in the Northern half, which is according to the direction of the Northeast Southwest and network dunes and star dunes in South area of erg which its morphology is affected by both multi wind in North West, west, East, and topographical factors.

The essential oil of salvia multicaulis was considered as nutrient and biological additive due to antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Low water solubility, high vapor pressure and chemical and physical instability of the free essential oils make these kinds of additive are not appropriate to use as natural preservatives. Using of carriers like nano liposomes is considered as a best way to encapsulation of essential oils and reduction of these problems. So in this research the essential oil of the salvia was encapsulated and after that antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of them was compared with free essential oil. Lecithin and cholesterol with different concentration (90-0, 80-10, 70-20) was used for production of nano liposome which has oil of salvia in it also for producing of this film, hydration and sonication were used. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and spectrophotometry methods were applied to determine the particles size and the physical stability of nano liposomes. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and microdilution methods were used for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity respectively. Results showed that Particle size and particle size distribution were in the range of 82-88 and 0.39-0.42, respectively. The efficiency of the encapsulation in all treatments were more than 70% and nano liposomes were stable for 1 month. The essential oil encapsulation had more antioxidant and antimicrobial properties than free essential oil.

Although most previous studies did not confirm the relationship between aortic valve calcification (AVC) and ischemic stroke, there are some case reports about the importance of AVC in occurrence of ischemic stroke.
To investigate the relationship between aortic valve calcification and risk of ischemic stroke.
This case-control study includes 600 patients (300 cases and 300 controls) admitted at Qazvin’s Bu-Ali Hospital from April 2014 to February 2015. Cases were selected from acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to the hospital Emergency Department and the control group consisted of non-stroke patients referred to cardiology clinic. Two groups were matched for sex, age and other vascular risk factors. All participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography. AVC was scored according to scaling system proposed by previous studies. Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of all participants were also collected and the relationship between these parameters and echocardiographic findings were analysed using dependent t and chi-squared tests. PFindings: Mean age of participants was 65.12±12.41 years (46.2% man). In 153 of stoke patients (51%), AVC was detected but only 35 participants (17.7%) of control group showed this abnormality (P According to this study, AVC and aortic insufficiency are related to ischemic stroke occurrence. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting the productivity of crop plants in arid and semiarid areas around the world. Irrigated barley is grown on about 300,000 hectares in the temperate agro-climate zone of Iran where the salinity is a major constrain of barley production. Barley cultivar Khatam is derived from the cross between cultivars Sahra and Kavir as female and male parents, respectively, at Varamin station and subsequent selection among segregating populations was done at experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute-Cereal Breeding Department in Karaj. Results of yield trials and on-farm evaluations in the temperate zone showed that under high and low salinity stress conditions (EC of 8-12 and 4-8 dS, respectively), Khatam exhibited a superior performance compared to the check cultivars Nosrat, Walfajr, Rihane 03 and its average grain yield was 600 kg higher than average grain yield of check cultivars. Khatam has facultative growth habit and its height under normal and stress conditions is 90 and 65 cm, respectively. Khatam exhibits lodging resistance and has non-shattering rachis but has moderately susceptible infection responses to yellow rust, powdery mildew and stripe disease of barley. However, under dry conditions of areas around deserts of Iran no susceptibility to these diseases is observed. Khatam is a six-rowed cultivar and its specific characteristic is adaptability to the dry conditions of saline and fairly saline marginal lands around the Loot and Namak deserts of Iran.

Large seed size in lentil is one of major factors for high market acceptance. Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis) is a major yield reducer for lentil in Iran. Bilehsevar cultivar (ILL6037) developed from a cross between ILL 4605 and ILL 4349 made at Tel Hadya, the main research station of ICARDA. ILL6037 was evaluated in Lentil International Yield Trial-Large seed size (LIYT-L-96), A-test, Fusrarium wilt evaluation, Adaptation Yield Trial, On-farm, and Joint Extension-Research trials conducted at research station and farmers field in Kermanshah, Lorestan, Moghan, Gachsaran, Maragheh, Ardebil, Qazvin, North Khorasan and Zanjan during 1995-2007 cropping seasons. The result showed that Bilehsevar cultivar was significantly superior with having 6.07 gram of 100-seed weight than improved lentil varieties (Kimiya and Gachsaran) and local check. Nevertheless Bilehsevar cultivar have high market acceptance and high potential yield, also is higher tolerance to fusarium wilt than local variety and Kimiya.

Hydro-geoelectric properties of the Asmari and Ilam-Sarvak formations in Susan Syncline (located in Middle Karoon Basin), North of Izeh, were investigated to recognize electrical resistivity ranges of dry and wet limestone, karstification, and fractures and determine the areas with high potential for groundwater exploitation. For this purpose, the resistivity data were collected in 245 vertical geoelectric sounding (VES) using Schlumberger array in the contact of limestone and adjacent alluvium. The resistivity data were interpreted as one-dimensional and two-dimensional tomography (using RES2DINV software). The resistivity curves of VES in the Asmari Formation have lower value and ranges of resistivity than the Ilam-Sarvak Formation which can be understood by high yield of the aquifers from the smooth descending VES curves. Interpretation of two-dimensional geoelectrical tomography revealed that the Ilam - Sarvak Formations have considerable potential groundwater in crushed zones but the karst development and cavities in them are less than the Asmari limestone. The spring discharges from the Ilam-Sravak Formations in Susan area is in relation with the contact of compact limestone and water bearing fractured zones. Despite the lack of major springs in the Susan Syncline,the results of the hydro-geoelectrical investigation showed the Asmari limestone aquifer, has a high groundwater potential. The electrical resistivity of the Asmari Formation is lower than the Ilam-Sravak ones because of the higher porosity of limestone matrix in the former.

Lighvan Chay River in East Azerbaijan province named as one of the important tourism zone of the province because of its many natural places for leisure, entertainment and recreational opportunities like field trips and camping. Environmental goods and services are more open access public goods. Lack of awareness of the actual value of the environment is one of the important factors of ignoring the environmental issues and causes environmental deteoration. Therefore, the issue of estimating the environmental value can be helpful to policy-makers and practitioners involved in the conservation and management of natural resources. The aim of this research is to estimate the conservation value of the Lighvan Chay River with the use of contingent valuation method and Double–Bounded Dichotomous Choice (DDC). Results from 149 questionnaires were completed from visitors (in the summer of 2012). Estimating logit model shows that the price offer variable at 1%, marital status and satisfaction of utilities variables were significant at the 5% level and numbers of visits variables was significant at the 10% level. The offered bid variable has marginal effect -0.00004 shows that an increase a unit of bid makes 0.00003 unit decrease in WTP. In this paper willings to pay to protect the area was calculated $2 per month per person by using Shazam 10. Since the average family size was 4.22, so average willings to pay of each family per month was $1.9340. Finally, Mean willingness to pay for each family per year, was calculated $1. Therefore, the formation of the association to preserve the area is recommended. However, according to the positive effect of numbers of visits variable, to facilitate the area’s accessibility by improving road networks is recommended.

Biodiversity as a supporting service of forest ecosystems is declining globally due to land conversion and degradation in response to human needs for food production and settlements. To make informed decisions, evaluation of change impacts under stakeholder-defined scenarios is considered to be an appropriate method which considers the consequences of decline. While land use/cover change modeling is an urgent need, it usually is faced with obstacles due to the methodological problems and lack of explicit spatial data. In this paper, we applied two spatially explicit tools, The Scenario Generator and The Habitat Quality from the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) suite of models, to project the future changes of the Sarvelat and Javaherdasht mountain system in northern Iran, based on land suitability and stakeholder's interests. We also explored the existing spatial patterns of habitat quality as a proxy for biodiversity and predicted its changes in plausible future. In this regard, after quantification of land use/cover changes based on predictive scenario, the degrees of land degradation and habitat quality under both current and future situations were compared. The results showed that any changes outside of protected boundaries, can impact habitat quality inside of the protected areas, as the new threat sources as well as external driving forces of the change occure. Since, the ecosystem supporting services specifically the biodiversity, is usually ignored in landscape planning due to its complex nature of the analysis, the mapped quantified outputs of these models can effectively make easier for decision makers, to understand the distribution patterns and existing richness of biodiversity across a landscape and make compatible policies based on multiple ecosystem services capability.

Anxiety disorders are the most common disorders among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to assess structural relations between metacognitive beliefs, Meta worry, thought control strategies and anxiety symptoms in adolescents according to metacognition model of anxiety and worry (Wells, 1995, 1997).
The study's research design is descriptive- correlational .The study population consisted all of first, second and third grade high school of Kermanshah in 2013-2013 academic years. The sample consisted of 391 students that were selected by cluster sampling method. All of samples were in age range of 13-19 years old and completed Metacognitions Questionnaire for children (MCQ-A), Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ), Meta Worry Questionnaire (MWQ) and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
The data analyzed by Covariance and Path Analysis statistical tests which showed that negative metacognitive beliefs, superstition, punishment and responsibility (SPR) beliefs and Meta worry has direct relationship to anxiety. Also results released that punishment and distraction among subscale of thought control strategies mediate relationship between negative metacognitive beliefs, cognitive monitoring, SPR beliefs, Meta worry and anxiety.
Based on findings this study support metacognitive model of anxiety and worry and showed that beliefs that people have about their thought processes and strategies that they use for control of their cognitive system has important role in onset and maintenance of anxiety. Therefore, modification of metacognitive beliefs and maladaptive strategies to control of unwanted thoughts can be useful in prevention of intensifying and maintenance of anxiety.

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias that occurs 1: 100. Long duration of treatment needs continuous education and follow up that can be achieved by modern nursing techniques such as telenursing. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of telenursing on quality of life of patients with atrial fibrillation. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 100 Patients with atrial fibrillation referred to the teaching hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The patients were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control). In the intervention group, phone calls were made to follow up and to educate patients for 12 weeks. Quality of life was measured before and after the intervention using the SF-36 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired T-test, Chi-square test, and T-test. In the intervention group, the mean quality of life score was significantly increased from 64.88±10.8 before the intervention to 76.14±9.2 after the intervention. In the control group, the mean quality of life score was significantly decreased from 62.6±9.7 before the intervention to 60.05±6.95 after the intervention. With regards to the results, it seems that telenursing can increase the patients’ quality of life and can provide better nursing care.

The study was conducted in order to select proper sites for bus stations in the city of Khorramabad. It is of descriptive-analytic in terms of content and studied items and of applied-developmental in terms of purpose. Primary data was collected by documentary and field research. In order to analyze data and to prepare maps, Arc GIS software was used. AnalyticNetworkProcess (ANP) and Fuzzy Logical model to weight the studied indices and to overlap and analyze data, respectively was used in this research. The research results showed that some existing bus stations in the city of Khorramabad are not in appropriate locations, compared with the standard distance of the proposed stations, and they need to be organized. Existing bus stations in the south part of the city and the ones in the northwest part of the city are far away from the existing standards for station spacing (300 to 600 m.), and need optimized localization. Also, the south part of the city is an inappropriate location where there are several bus stations, indicating unfavorable localization of the stations in the city of Khorramabad.