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This research, using a descriptive-analytical approach, explains the factors leading to intuitive certainty (Arabic: یقین الحضوری, lit.: certainty by vision) from the perspective of Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy and the tafsīrs (Arabic: تفاسیر, romanized: tafāsīr) al-Ṣāfī (Arabic: الصافی) and al-Mīzān (Arabic: المیزان). The aim of this article is to examine the extent to which Ṣadrā’s philosophy aligns with the interpretations of his commentators in the factors leading to intuitive certainty, and the applicability of this perspective in the exegesis of the Qurʾān. Ultimately, it is revealed that the tafāsīr (plural form of tafsīr, Arabic: تفسیر), in analyzing the factors of intuitive certainty, consider three domains: the relationship of intuitive knowledge (Arabic: علم الحضوری, lit.: knowledge by presence or presential knowledge) with the knower and the known, the knower, and the agent of knowledge (Arabic: العلم, romanized: al-ʿilm). Although they use Ṣadrian principles such as the primacy (principle) of existence (Arabic: اصاله الوجود), gradation (Arabic: تشکیک), and substantial motion, this application generally remains at the foundational level. In other words, the tafāsīr content themselves with comprehensive of the relationship of the knower to the known and the moral and behavioral journey of the knower in receiving the investment of intuitive certainty from its origins. They do not address other aspects of the relationship that create certainty in relation to the knower, nor do they delve into the gradation in existence and substantial motion in analyzing (tautologous) the knower, its source, and its relation to the factor of knowledge. Therefore, despite their emphasis on using rational foundations, tafāsīr do not apply these principles in all levels of analyzing intuitive certainty. Thus, the philosophical approach to analyzing intuitive certainty is merely one method among others, without predominance, in these two Mullā Ṣadrā’s commentators’ interpretations.

Considering Imamate as a foundation means that the Imamate (Arabic: إمامه, ʾImāmah) is the principle of religion and the act of Allāh, so turning away from it will lead to departure from the religion. The issue of the article is the position of Imamate from the viewpoint of Ḥaḍra Zahrāʾ salāmu llāhi ʿalayhā (Arabic: حضره زهراء سلام الله علیها) and the claim is that Imamate from her point of view is considered the principle (foundation) of religion. Ḥaḍra Zahrāʾ salāmu llāhi ʿalayhā, in her sermon of Fadkīyya (Arabic: الخطبه الفدکیه‎), introduces Imām ʿAliī ʿalayhi ṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu (Arabic: امام علی علیه الصلاه و السلام) as having worthy qualities and a superior position and does not consider the other (Arabic: الصحابه, romanized: aṣ-ṣaḥāba) to be his equals. She has presented two strong arguments for Considering Imamate as a foundation and principle. She considers in the first argument that turning away from the Imamate to be equal to turning away from the Qurʾān, and based on the verse of Tablīgh (Arabic: آیه التبلیغ, lit.: communicate, deliver, make known or proclaim) and introduces the Imamate as the principle of religion, which leads to turning away from the Qurʾān and coming or going back and in the second argument, she introduces turning away from the Imamate as Shirk (Arabic: شرک, lit.: polytheism) and considers those who follow the path of the khilāfah (Arabic: خلافه) from its original position to be worthy of Divine punishment and departure from religion. This issue has been explained analytically based on the case study of sermon of Fadkīyya.

The family is a social institution with many functions and effects that are both influential and influential from other social institutions. The desired family system in Islam is formed with the focus on men and women and welcomes any correct method that leads to the strengthening of marital relations and practical mysticism and spiritual conduct are among these methods. In practical mysticism, the seeker tries to interpret all his affairs in relation to God and see him present and present in his life. Using practical mysticism, the seeker realizes what he has to do and moves on to reach intuition and the truth of existence. Having these states for the seeker does not mean being away from society. In Islamic mysticism, mystics live in spiritual conduct, at the height of disregard for the world, like other peoples, and use the advantages of social life to strengthen the Seleucid aspect, and their mystical perceptions for their social life. Therefore, the formation of a family and the correct relationship between couples has always been considered in the life of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the Imams (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and the author intends to answer the question and what role does practical mysticism play in strengthening couples' relationships?

The present paper by using a descriptive-analytic method aims to study the impact of believing in Imam Mahdi (pbuh) on the perfection of individual ethics in the light of the statements of the supreme leader of the Islamic revolution, Imam Khamenei (may Allah prolong his life). To believe in Mahdism has increasing psychological and physical positive effects on the believers and guards them against the external and internal corruption in the universe. The result of this study is that based on the sayings of Ᾱyat Allah Khamenei, creating and strengthening a religious world-view and seeking nearness to Allah, and making a firm belief in the Imam and an unbreakable connection with him are among the consequences of believing in Mahdism in the field of the development of individual epistemological ethics. Some of the examples of this impact on practical and behavioral development are such as self-refinement, being hopeful for a bright future, fighting against hopelessness, patience and resistance in confrontation with woes and miseries for a better future, creating a double attempt and more growth and vitality in the path of individual life, creating the stance of commitment and responsibility in the individual, dissatisfaction with the current situation and seeking to gain the desired situation and feeling of pacification.

One of the important issues in social sciences is the question on how a theory is developed in practice. The way a theory can create basic changes in operational milieu is of great importance in political-social theories. The present study aims at investigating how the theory of the jurist’s authority – as a theory of governance in the modern plural and complicated world – can extend to the multilayer and plural operational milieu. The question of the present study is focused on effectiveness of the theory of jurist’s authority on promotion of efficiency of public diplomacy (including important spheres of political activism) as well as religious activism (IRI) in the international system, and answers the question of through what parameters this effectiveness occurs. It seems that the theory of jurist’s authority as the most important part of the religious governance can affect the sphere of public diplomacy through its effective tools and variables. This affects the public diplomacy through “producing operational software and sources of soft power”, “creating common understanding and organizational cooperation of agents”, “creating discourse and institutions”, “desirable imaging and giving credit”, and “enjoying attraction in messaging and creating common understanding among nations

Public awareness and attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients are highly important in enhancing the effectiveness of cancer screening and early diagnosis programmes. This study aimed to explore the public attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients in Jordan.
A cross-sectional design was used to conduct this online survey study in Jordan between March 20th and April 20th 2020.The sample was conveniently selected, and 1157 participants were included from the public. The Public Attitudes toward Cancer Questionnaire was employed.
Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were utilized. The mean age was 44.2 years (SD = 20.1), and 53% were female. The total mean attitude score was 38.2 (SD = 4.3). Based on the results, having a family member or a friend with cancer (P = 0.003), willingness to be informed about cancer diagnosis (P = 0.001), informing a friend about cancer diagnosis (P = 0.021), and willingness to participate in screening and early detection programmes (P < 0.001) were significant predictive positive attitudes towards cancer and cancer patients. In addition, being married predicted more negative attitudes compared with being single (P = 0.001).
This study demonstrated that Jordanians had positive attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients and most were willing to be informed about cancer diagnosis. This calls for healthcare providers to adopt shared decision models when devising health care plans for cancer patients, with more involvement on the parts of both patients and family members rather than adopting a paternal approach. Policy makers and managers should consider positive attitudes when developing healthcare programmes to enhance public participation in early cancer detection and screening programmes so a s to reduce cancer mortality and morbidity rates.

One of the important and difficult issues that arise in the figh and Islamic law is the distinction between cause and other terms close to it, which jurists and lawyers do not differentiate between them in the definition. In many cases, these terms were brought together instead of each other and in some cases, and this has been the source of many mistakes and disagreements. Based on the studies conducted in this study, it can be said that the cause is something that if it is not, no damage will be caused, and although the existence of the cause is involved in creating the cause, so that if it is not the cause, the cause will not have an effect, but Cause is not the whole cause, but part of the cause of the complete cause. In contrast, the purpose of the cause is the last component of the complete cause that occurs immediately after the existence of the effect (damage) and means the condition of the factor that by causing the cause alone is the cause of the occurrence of the cause of something and interference with Directly or indirectly in creating nothing. But the conclusion of this thing depends on it. Also, this research shows that this term has been borrowed from the science of philosophy and has entered jurisprudence, principles and jurisprudence, but in philosophy, it has not been considered in a new and distinct meaning from its literal meaning and all applications mean very close.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic training with resveratrol supplementation on regulatory and executive factors of cardiomyocytes apoptosis in streptococci diabetic male rats

In an experimental study, 50 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 healthy controls, diabetics, resveratrol supplements, aerobic training and complementary resveratrol + aerobic training. Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin, ml / kg. The program of exercise, exercise and supplementation groups began for 8 weeks and 5 days a week on the training of Treadmill. All animals were completely and similarly treated, followed by 14-12hours of fasting and 48 hours after the last training session, anesthetized and sacrificed. After cardiac output and homogenization, the concentration (GPX, SOD, and MDA) was measured as ELISA. 

After induction of diabetes, the concentration of GPX and SOD in the cardiac system was significantly lower than healthy controls, while MDA concentration increased significantly in these conditions. However, exercise interaction and resveratrol had a significant effect on the concentration of cardiac SOD, while the interaction of these two effects there was no concentration of MDA and GPX in the heart.

Aerobic exercise and resveratrol have a beneficial effect on cardiac apoptosis in inducing diabetes, but their interaction is not significant in the process of cardiac apoptosis. Of course aerobic exercise and resveratrol can be used as complementary medicine for protecting myocardial cells against the invasive induced apoptosis induced by diabetes.

A non-rigid cervical magnetic resonance (MR) image registration algorithm combining pixel intensity and local region gradient features was proposed in this study for cervical cancer radiation therapy (RT) evaluation.

The method was based on the following main steps: (1) each patient was scanned 2 times. The first scan was before internal-beam RT, and second scan was about 3~4 weeks after internal-beam RT. (2) DoG salient points mixed with stochastically sampled points were used as keypoints, and pixel intensity and PCA-SIFT features around them were extracted to build a feature vector for each keypoint. (3) In non-rigid registration process, α-mutual information (α-MI) was used as similarity measure. The method was evaluated by 20 MR images acquired from 10 patients with biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinomas.

For cervical cancer, the deformation of tumor and organ between different MR image acquisitions was subject to several errors, including possible mechanical misalignment, respiratory and cardiac motion, involuntary and voluntary patient motion, bladder and bowel filling differences. To minimize these ambiguities, patients filled their bladder before scanning. The proposed hybrid features can effectively catch the bladder and bowel in MR images, and α-mutual information (α-MI) based non-rigid registration can effectively align two long time internal MR images.

Non-rigid cervical MR image registration method using hybrid features on α-MI can effectively capture different tissues in cervical MR images. Accurately aligned MR images can assist cervical cancer RT evaluation process.

Mowing is important in maintaining quality of the turf. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Nitric Oxide (NO) on tall fescue after mowing, and provide theoretical basis for molecular breeding of turf grass. In our study, exogenous NO significantly increased the relative growth rate compared to the control. The higher relative growth rate was associated with higher activity of Peroxides (POD), SuperOxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX). Expression of CuZn-SOD</em>, CAT-A</em>, and APX4</em> increased in roots treated with NO after mowing. In addition, exogenous NO significantly increased the concentration of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), Gibberellic Acid (GA), Cytokinin (CK) and Abscisic Acid (ABA) compared to the control, which likely linked to an increase in Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)-like activity and endogenous NO release in tall fescue roots. These results suggested that mowing increased NOS-like activity, leading to elevated endogenous NO levels. NO might act as a signaling molecule, increasing plant hormone content, as well as up-regulating gene expression and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thereby protecting against injuries caused by mowing and promoting re-growth of tall fescue.

In this paper, the effect of γ-Al2O3/water nanofluid on the flow pattern and natural convection heat transfer of corrugated ⅂ shaped cavity is investigated numerically by the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The effects of nanoparticles solid volume fraction (ϕ=0-0.006), Rayleigh number (Ra=103-106) and the aspect ratio of grooves cavity (h/H=0.05-0.15) on the streamlines, isotherms and averaged Nusselt number have been examined. In addition, a comparison between γ-Al2O3/water nanofluid and MWCNT-Fe3O4/Water Hybrid Nanofluid on the average Nusselt number are studied. The results showed that the heat transfer rate of γ-Al2O3/water nanofluid is higher than water. For all Rayleigh numbers and solid volume fraction of nanoparticles, increasing the height of grooves leads to an increment in average Nusselt number. Moreover, when the Rayleigh number reaches to 106, the average Nusselt number increases, which the domain mechanism of heat transfer, in this case, becomes convection. As to be expected, the influence of MWCNT-Fe3O4/Water Hybrid Nanofluid on heat transfer rate is higher than the γ-Al2O3/water nanofluid.

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a systemic autoimmune blistering disease that mostly affects skin and mucosal membranes. When the finding is primarily seen in eyes and conjunctiva, it is called ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP). OCP is characterized by linear deposits of IgA, IgG, or c3 in the epithelial basement membrane zone (BMZ). Ocular involvement is devasting as progressive cicatrization can lead to blindness. In this review article, we discuss pathogenesis, ocular findings, grading, and diagnosis and treatment modalities for OCP.

Analyzing the trends and impacts of development of ophthalmic education and the growth of ophthalmologists in Iran from 1979 to 2016. This national study was supported by the Academy of Medical Sciences of Iran. The first-hand data of admitted residents and graduates were collected from the Secretariat of the Medical Specialty Education and information of the number of registered specialists from the Ministry of Health and medical education and the Medical Council of I.R. Iran. Then, the data were entered in electronic databases and analyzed. Current trends and 7 future trends, as well as their implications of ophthalmology of Iran were determined and analyzed. In the past decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of ophthalmic residents, fellows, and ophthalmologists. The percentage of graduates from Iranian universities increased from 45% in 1979 to 98% in 2016. The ophthalmologists per 100,000 population ratios increased from 1.91 in 1979 to 3 in 2016, and the number of ophthalmologists in Iran reached 2400. The absolute number of ophthalmologists and the ratio of active ophthalmologists to population have increased by 234% and 57%, respectively. The number of female ophthalmologists has increased by 600%. Since 2014, there is one active ophthalmologist per 33333 Iranian people. The development of ophthalmic specialty and fellowship training, as well as the growth in the number of ophthalmologists, especially the growth of female ophthalmologists, is significant. For the promotion of ophthalmology services based on the community needs, equity in geographic distribution, the appropriate number of specialists and fellowships to population, as well as the appropriate ratio of female to male ophthalmologists are essential.

Regarding to the limitation of water resources, some effective new technologies for intensive aquaculture is being developed. One of these efficient technologies in recent years is Biofloc system, . In this system density of heterotrophic bacteria increased by adding carbon source to water and these bacteria remove nitrogenous compounds in water. So in this study, biofloc system with cane Molasses as carbon source prepared with three different ratio of C:N A(15:1), B(20:1),C(25:1) and D(control) in the 100 liters tanks in triplicates with a density of 17.5 kg/m3 and various indicators of water quality and floc production were evaluated during 90 days . Water quality indices including: DO, TAN, No2, No3, pH, Hardness, Total bacterial count, total acid lactic bacteria, BOD and the rate of water exchange as and some floc quality : FVI(floc volume index),TSS, number of Microorganisms and proximate analysis of biofloc were investigated and compare among the treatments. The results showed that some water quality index were improved by using biofloc system, No2 in biofloc treatment was lower than control group (P<0.05) but there was no significant difference in TAN level among the groups despite the daily water exchange in control group. Water microbial assay showed that there was significant difference between biofloc and control tanks. Biochemical biofloc analysis showed that level of protein (%28.4) and lipid (%1.6) had beter quality compare to fish diet. . According to this study it can be cocluded that notonly some water biochemical factors improved in biofloc system, but also water exchange were extremely decreased and The floc quality were comparable to standard carp diet. Then this technology can be used in common carp in indoor situation. if done daily accurate monitoring this system could be useful for aquaculture species and cause of improving of cultural condition.

Salad dressings are food emulsions important in our daily diet, but conventional salad dressings have high amounts of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids because of egg yolk in their formulations. This study investigated the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the salad dressing without egg yolk. Oil-in-water emulsions were prepared with virgin olive oil and apple vinegar stabilized with various percentages of xanthan (T1: 0.25%, T2: 0.5%. T3: 0.75%).Characteristics including phases separation, pH, acidity, free fatty acids, total phenolic compounds, and DPPH free radical control inhibition were measured and the sensory properties of the prepared sauces were evaluated. Results showed that all samples within 90 days preservation at 4°c was not observed phase separation during storage. pH, acidity and free fatty acid all samples were in the range of Iranian National Standard and they were within this limit during storage too. The ranges of total phenolic compounds and the DPPH test indicated in salad dressings are (44 – 52 mg per kg) and (89 - 92 percent) respectively.Samples containing 0.5% and 0.75% Xanthan received the highest score of sensory evaluators. Results showed that T2 and T1 had the optimum physicochemical and oxidative properties and can be a proper egg yolk free salad dressing to introduce to the market.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of behavioral problems and adaptive functions of primary school children with developmental delays on the psychological distress of mothers. The present research was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consisted of children aging 6-11 years old with developmental delays, including those with autism who sought help at rehabilitation centers, and also students with special needs in Tabriz, Iran, during the academic year 2014-2015. Using the convenience sampling method, 100 participants were selected. Children's mothers completed the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, short form of Mental Symptoms Test, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and Parents’ Stress Index. Data were analyzed through multiple regression in SPSS. Results showed that there is a positive relationship between components of behavioral problems and adaptive functions in children with developmental delays and the psychological distress of their mothers. Behavioral problems and adaptive functions predicted 25% and 63% of the variance in psychological distress, respectively. The findings indicated that psychological distress is more common among mothers of children with developmental delays, which may be due to behavioral problems and low adaptive functions among these children

In this research, in order to determine the performance of distance of submerged vanes on sediment transport to inlet a physical model was performed in a 180 degree bend. For this purpose, experiments were carried out in a laboratory rectangular channel made of Plexiglas at 180 degree bend, filled with sedimentary bed under clear water condition. In this research a series of experiments were done by insert two rows of vanes made of Plexiglas in front of lateral intake. Experiments were done by using two rows of parallel vanes with four different discharges under with vanes and without vanes conditions. In each experiment, the main channel discharge and diversion channel discharge, sediment discharge through the diversion and transmission were measured. The results of this research showed that the performance of the parallel submerged vanes for path of sediments diverting are depends on distance of vanes and suitable performance for reduce of sediment transport to intake was observed for the relative height of 0.32 (34 percent). Also, entering water rate is directly proportional with entering sediment rate and entering sediment rate were increased with increasing of entering water rate in all distances of vanes.

The existential philosophy of Imam Mahdi (AS) can be studied in the two fields of "religious" and "developmental". The field named as developmental includes the fields of ontology, epistemology, and the like. Regarding the necessity of studying the issue of Mahdaviyyat as a branch of the issue of Imamate on the one hand and the institutionalization of the concept of salvation in the institution of all human beings, on the other hand, the present paper explains the ontological function of the Imam of Time (aj) . It is clear from this passage that in the narrations of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) in explaining the position of divine authority in the system of being, in addition to social affairs, the explanation of the ontological significance of divine authority in the world of thought is also discussed and the analysis presented In transcendental philosophy and mysticism. The notion of the providence and the perfect man is compatible with the system of Imams. Divine power in the worldly universe has the potential of three important ontological functions, including mediation in divine grace, ultimate causation, and manifestation of divine names and attributes.

Glistenings are fluid-filled microvacuoles that form within the intraocular lens (IOLs) optic when the IOL is in an aqueous environment. They are observed in all types of IOLs but have been mainly associated with hydrophobic acrylic IOLs. Experimental and clinical studies suggest that various hydrophobic acrylic IOLs on the market exhibit different tendencies toward Glistenings. Factors influencing Glistening formation include IOL material composition, manufacturing technique, packaging, associated conditions such as glaucoma or those leading to breakdown of the blood–aqueous barrier, as well as concurrent use of ocular medications. Although the impact of Glistenings on postoperative visual function and the evolution of Glistenings in the late postoperative period remain controversial, IOL explantation has rarely been reported. The phenomenon of surface light scattering has also been described in association with hydrophobic acrylic IOLs. Its mechanism of formation is controversial but may be related to long-term phase separation water near the IOL surface, although not seen as microvacuoles.
Financial Disclosure: The author has no financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

In this paper, after the recognition of the complex, easy & unobstructive concept of spirituality, the widespread use of the term in religious language and its distortion, misunderstandings, misperceptions and various considerations and paradoxes is discussed. This article by using descriptive-analytical method refers to the various manifestations of the Last Time and emphasizes that spirituality is not rooted elsewhere except in religion. The findings shows that human being is a creature of meaning and “meaningfulness” is the essence of human existence and it is also an undeniable truth in human life which is not human made. Instead, the Man searches for it so that he Liberate himself from the “meaningless anxiety” and the loss of the spiritual knots. Spiritual affairs are tied in human tissue and life and the human spirit and concern for “Being” is the root of Spirituality. Although The Man sometimes finds himself temporary separated from spirituality, his tendency toward it, is also an important human advantage on the animal. Then , in this paper , the crisis of spirituality in The Last Time has been analyzed and its features and causes is mentioned .In Conclusion, how to talk about spirituality and its conditions in with positive components is explained.

This study aimed to determine the effect of credible leadership experience bullying at work, emotional exhaustion and sustain outcomes (job satisfaction and turnover intentions) between teachers in junior schools was conducted city. In this regard, the research community consists of newly arrived teachers with less than 5 years of experience.There were 225 girls in girl's schools in Isfahan. The sample size, due to the limited availability of these teachers, was used in an accessible and non-randomized way; 180 of them were chosen as chain chains. In order to collect research data from questionnaires Alia Bushra (2012), bullying at work Aynarsn (2001), a Questionnaire emotional exhaustion Maslach and Jackson (1981), job satisfaction Scott et al. (2003) and leader of Authentic Olive (2007) was used. Data analysis was performed using correlation test, stepwise regression and structural modeling. The results showed that there is a direct relationship between authentic leadership experience bullying at work, emotional exhaustion with the turnover intentionº However,there is a negative and inverse relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions and emotional exhaustion with the job satisfaction. Structural relationship between authentic leadership experience bullying at work, emotional exhaustion and sustain outcomes (job satisfaction and turnover intention) From a favorable fit according to the degree of freedom indexes, Chi-Squero was fitted to fit.

ýLet τ be a subgroup functor and H a p-subgroup of a finite group Gý. ýLet G¯=G/HG and H¯=H/HGý. ýWe say that H is Φ-τ-quasinormal in G if for some S-quasinormal subgroup T¯ of G¯ and some τ-subgroup S¯ of G¯ contained in H¯ý, ýH¯T¯ is S-quasinormal in G¯ and H¯∩T¯≤S¯Φ(H¯)ý. ýIn this paperý, ýwe study the structure of a group G under the condition that some primary subgroups of G are Φ-τ-quasinormal in Gý. ýSome new characterizations about p-nilpotency and solubility of finite groups are obtained.

ýWe prove that the historic set for ratioý ýof Birkhoff average is either empty or full of Hausdorff dimension in a class of one dimensionalý ýnon-uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems.

Let (A) be a complex (n×n) matrix and assume that the numerical range of (A) lies in the set of a sector of half angle (α) denoted by (Sα). We prove the numerical ranges of the conjugate, inverse and Schur complement of any order of (A) are in the same (Sα)
.
The eigenvalues of some kinds of matrix product and numerical ranges of hadmard product, star-congruent matrix and unitary matrix of polar decompostion are also included in the same sector. Furthermore, we extend some inequalities about eigenvalues and singular values and the linear fractional maps to this class of matrices.

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and vision loss in the world. Although intraocular pressure (IOP) is no longer considered the only risk factor for glaucoma, it is still the most important one. In most cases, high IOP is secondary to trabecular meshwork dysfunction. High IOP leads to the compaction of the lamina cribrosa and subsequent damage to retinal ganglion cell axons. Damage to the optic nerve head is evident on funduscopy as posterior bowing of the lamina cribrosa and increased cupping. Currently, the only documented method to slow or halt the progression of this disease is to decrease the IOP; hence, accurate IOP measurement is crucial not only for diagnosis, but also for the management. Due to the dynamic nature and fluctuation of the IOP, a single clinical measurement is not a reliable indicator of diurnal IOP; it requires 24‑hour monitoring methods. Technological advances in microelectromechanical systems and microfluidics provide a promising solution for the effective measurement of IOP. This paper provides a broad overview of the upcoming technologies to be used for continuous IOP monitoring.