m. yazdi

In this paper, by designing a double metasurface, an efficient wireless power transfer system is proposed for implementable medical applications. This system operates at 2.45 GHz in the medical frequency band and consists of two antennas, a transmitter, and a receiver, along with a double metasurface structure embedded between them. A circular patch antenna for the transmitting end and a small loop antenna on the receiving side are designed. To enhance the efficiency of the system, a double metasurface consisting of two arrays of hexagonal ring unit cells is located between the receiver and transmitter antennas. As the receiver antenna is designed for operation in a human body medium, the effects of antenna displacement as well as material uncertainty on the efficiency of total structure are investigated in which reasonable stability concerning these variations is observed. Finally, as this system is aimed to operate in the human body, the safety of this system has also been approved through the calculation of the specific absorption rate (SAR). The proposed wireless power transfer system can overcome the challenges of using implementable medical electronic devices such as battery-replacing surgeries.

Drought alters plant metabolic processes resulting in some changes at the anatomical and morphological levels. Experiments were conducted to determine the morphologic and anatomic responses of two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cultivars CaljN3 and Superstrain B) to different irrigation regimes [100, 75, 50, and 25% of Field Capacity (FC)]. Catalase 1 (CAT1) gene expression was investigated by real-time RT-qPCR and protein interaction studies in tomatoes. Drought stress caused an increase in the number of vessels in roots and stems of both cultivars. The diameter of vascular cylinders in roots of the control plants (both cultivars) was larger. Expression of the CAT1 gene did not show any significant difference in the CaljN3 cultivar under drought conditions. However, expression of the CAT1 gene indicated a significant increase in Superstrain B cultivar at the 50 and 25% FC treatments. The gene network showed that this protein interacts with superoxide dismutase, acyl-CoA oxidase, and glutathione peroxidase. CaljN3 cultivars and showed more tolerance than Superstrain B at all levels of drought treatment. Therefore, Superstrain B is considered a susceptible cultivar under drought conditions. This suggested that the defense against oxidative stress may initiate one step before the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Thus, tomato plant tries to fight the stress factor by activating proteins, especially channels, pumps, and some cellular messengers.

Chapdoni-Posht-e-Badam complex is located in the structural zone of Central Iran and in the northeast of Yazd province. The study area is one of the areas with high potential for mineralization of rare earth elements. In this research, to investigate the mineralogy and mineralization of rare earth elements, field studies, mineralogy with transmission-reflection light microscope, electron microscope and X-ray diffraction method (XRD), chemical analysis by ICP-MS method have been used. After the studies, the results of studies show the enrichment of rare earth elements in the area. In between, Ce elements with an average grade of 1353 ppm, La with an average grade of 745 ppm, and Y with an average grade of 252 ppm from 170 analyzed samples have high enrichment and Dy-Sm-Gd-Yb-Er elements show slight anomalies.Gneiss, granite, granite-gneiss, magmatite and schist are the most important host rocks for mineralization in the area. These rocks are mainly altered and metamorphosed. The Metasomatization of the host rock is one of the most obvious evidence of alteration for the enrichment of rare earth elements. Different types of minerals have been identified in the region, the main minerals of which are rare earth elements including Bastnasite, Monazite and Allanite. Minerals that can contain trace amounts of rare earth elements include Thorite, Zircon, Uranothorite, Apatite, Fluoroapatite, and Titanite. Tourite and Uranothorite minerals, which are parageneses with rare earth element mineralization, can be considered as tracer minerals of mineralization in the region, and gamma radiometric method can be used to trace and explore the mineralization zones of rare earth elements.

Sheikh Habil area is located in 80km of Dehdasht city in southeast of Kohgiloyeh-Boyer Ahmad province, SW of Iran. Pabdeh Formation is located in the Zagros structural zone of Iran. The host rocks of the area are the Late Paleocene-Early Oligocene limestones, shales and marls. Calcite, fluorapatite, glauconite, quartz and clay minerals are the most observable minerals in these phosphorite rocks. The geochemical data show that the average contents of P2O5, U and ΣREE are 24.47%, 100ppm (with enrichment factor of 46.54) and 189.18 ppm, respectively. The (La/Yb)N is 0.62-0.54 and the (LREE/HREE)N is 0.62-0.72. The studied samples have negative Ce anomaly which indicates the existence of an anoxic environment during the Sheikh Habil phosphate deposition. These ratios show the relatively enrichment in HREEs with respect of LREEs. This data confirms that the Sheikh Habil phosphorites have high anomalies not only for P2O5 but also for U and HREEs. These data show that the other areas in Pabdeh Formation could be good targets for P2O5, U and REEs.

The advancement of technology with an increasing population has led to the requirement for high-speed mobility trains. High-speed transportation by trains requires passing through soft soil conditions, which requires stability. High-speed trains are used nowadays in developed countries to reduce travel time. When the train moves at a critical speed, it can significantly increase the dynamic responses of the components on the railway lines. The present study examines the results of 3D numerical modeling, considering the impact of the high-speed train passing through the mechanical earth wall stabilized by plate anchors. Numerical modeling was carried out using Plaxis 3D finite element software. The impact of various factors such as the speed of the train (180, 200 & 250 Km/h), the number of plates (single, double, and triple), and the number of train tracks (1 & 2 tracks) have been investigated. The Hardening soil with small strain model has been used for modeling the behavior of the backfill soil. In this study, the geometrical characteristics of the Thalys high-speed train were used to model the train passing through the walls of 6 meters that were stabilized with plate anchors. From the results, it was concluded that Increasing train speed from 160 to 250 Km/h increases the settlement under the rails by 11% and increases the horizontal displacement of the wall by 13%. It was confirmed that increasing train speed will result in an increase in the settlement under the rails and increases the horizontal displacement of the wall in all investigated cases. Increasing the number of plates along with decreasing their dimensions has a positive effect on the wall’s performance with regard to the horizontal displacement of the wall. Also, it should be mentioned that by increasing the number of train tracks from 1 to 2, the settlement under the rails increased by 5%, and the horizontal displacement of the wall increased by 20%.

Zavarian gold deposit is located 60 km SW of Qom and in Central Iran geotectonic zone. The basement rocks of the area include volcanic units of Miocene- Pliocene (MPb), volcanic andesite units of Miocene- Pliocene (MPan), volcanic- pyroclastic units of Miocene- Pliocene (MPVP), pyroclastic units of Miocene- Pliocene and recent alluvium. The plutonic rocks of the area are granodiorite-tonalite. The intruded dykes are subdivided to andesite dykes (DY1) and dacite dyke (DY2). The main alterations are advanced argillic, alunitization, propylitic, sericitic and silicification. Gold mineralization has been occurred in andesite and dacite dykes. Au-mineralization are mostly vein, breccia and replacement type. Ore minerals include magnetite, hematite, Fe-hydro-oxides, chalcopyrite, purite and bornite which are host of Au. Geochemical data show that the average content of Au is1.98ppm. Fluid inclusions were investigated in quartz which are associated by ore minerals. These fluid inclusions are generally two-phase of fluid-rich (L + V). The results of analyzes showed that the salinity contents vary between 0.87 to 44.06% NaCl. The homogenization temperature varies between 138 and 383 ° C. The data suggest that the hydrothermal fluids which are responsible for mineralization have low to medium temperature and salinity. It is compatible to primary magmatic hydrothermal fluids which have been mixed probably to metamorphic and meteoric fluids. Mineralogical, geochemical and fluid inclusions data show that gold mineralization in the area is epithermal high sulfide type.

The recording of oceanic anoxic event al record and the time of this event in the shallow carbonates of the Dariyan Formation in Zargran mountain (Gadvan) section in the east of Shiraz, was studied based on carbon and oxygen isotopes, microfacies and fossil data. In this section, thickness of the Dariyan Formation is 287 m and 191 samples were taken. Based on field data, the sedimentary sequence of this formation, , begins at the base with thick-layered to massive gray limestones containing orbitolinas and rudists, and in the upper parts it includes medium to thick-layered gray limestones including abundant benthic foraminifera, such as orbitolinas. In the mentioned section, based on the study of the embryonic cells of orbitolinas, a late Barmian-early Aptian age was determined for the lower part of this unit, which is the beginning of the formation of anoxic oceanic deposits. The carbon isotope curves between the C3 and C6 curves in the carbonates at the base of the Daryian Formation show disturbances. These changes and the appearance of the Lithocodium-Bacinella facies in this part of the formation confirm the existence of an oceanic anoxic event. The oceanic anoxic event indicates warming of the environment and greenhouse conditions, which was accompanied by abundant rudists in this section and can be a confirmation for the weather conditions of this event.

The rapid growth of the population has resulted in an increasing demand for healthcare services, which forces managers to use costly resources such as operating rooms effectively. The surgery-scheduling problem is a general title for problems that consists of the patient selection and sequencing of the surgeries at the operational level, setting their start times, and assigning the resources. Hospital managers usually encounter elective surgeries that can be delayed slightly and emergency surgeries whose arrivals are unexpected, and most of them need quick access to operating rooms. Reserving operating room capacity for handling incoming emergency surgeries is expensive. Moreover, emergency surgeries cannot afford long waiting times. This paper deals with the problem of surgery scheduling in the presence of emergency surgeries with a focus on balancing the efficient use of operating room capacity and responsiveness to emergency surgeries. We proposed a new algorithm for surgery scheduling with a specific operating room capacity planning and analyzed it through a simulation method based on real data. This algorithm respects working hours and availability of staff and other resources in a surgical suite.

Landslide is a geological phenomenon that occurs in the unstable slopes of mountainous areas and in some cases causes very severe human and economic losses.  Research shows that by using the classification of landslide prone areas, possible future damage can be prevented.  The purpose of this study is to produce a landslide sensitivity map for Ardabil province using two machine learning methods ANFIS and SVM and combining them with PSO and GWO metaheuristic algorithms.  For this purpose, first a landslide map of 253 points was prepared.  Among the slip points, 70% were considered for Training and the remaining 30% were used for validation.  Continuing and according to previous studies and available data, fourteen effective factors including height, slope, slope direction,profile curvature and plan curvature of the slope, land use, lithology, rainfall, distance from the road, distance from the river, distance from the fault, road density , river density and fault density were selected.  After preparing the database using MATLAB software, the combined models SVR - PSO , SVR - GWO , ANFIS - GWO and ANFIS - PSO were implemented and then the landslide sensitivity index was obtained for each model.  During the modeling process, the performance of each method was evaluated using the RMSE statistical index.  Finally, landslide sensitivity maps were generated for each model using ArcMap 10.5 software and then the accuracy of each map was estimated using the ROC curve.  The results show that the ANFIS - psd model is more efficient than the other three models. The results of ROC curve obtained by applying ANFIS - PSO  , ANFIS - GWO , SVR - PSO , SVR - GWO were 89.4, 85.7, 88.1, 88.7,respectively.

Patients with β-thalassemia major are dependent on regular blood transfusion. Iron overload is the main complication of transfusion which damages vital organs. Hepcidin, a peptide hormone, is the key element of body iron hemostasis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the hepcidin gene alter its function and thereby iron status. The aim of this study was to determine the association of three SNPs of rs10421768, rs8101606 and rs66868858 with iron overload in thalassemia patients.

In  this cross-sectional study, one hundred thalassemia patients were recruited. Patient clinical and laboratory data including serum ferritin, liver and heart iron deposition were collected from their files. SNPs genotypes were determined by high resolution melt curve analysis. Association between genotypes and iron overload markers was estimated by chi-square test considering p < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Based on serum ferritin > 1000 ng/mL, 72% of patients were iron overloaded and 33% and 63% had abnormal heart and liver iron, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no relation between SNPs genotype and iron overload.

Although we could not find any signification relation, it is probable that the effect of these polymorphisms on iron overload applied through a specific haplotype consisting of several SNPs.

Ramand area is located 80 km south of Qazvin province, northwest of central Iran. The area is part of the magmatic belt of Orumiyeh- Doktar of the structural zones of Iran. The host rocks of the area consist of rhyodacite, rhyolites, rhyodacite tuff, crystalline tuffs and rhyodacite flow lavas. The pyroclastic and volcanic units are interrupted by major faults such as Korcheshmeh fault, Hassanabad fault and sub-faults that have a northwest-southeast extension. The main minerals of these rocks include K-feldspar, quartz, albite, biotite and rock fragments (in tuffs) with micro-granular - microporphyrite textures. The extensive alterations in the study area are argillic and silicifications. Pyrite, hematite and goethite are the main ore minerals of these rocks. The texture of these minerals is disseminated (primary) and of supergene replacement type to chloroform (secondary). Pyrites vary in size from coarsed to very fine in subhedral to unhedral forms scattered along fracture surfaces. The results obtained by capillary electrophoresis analysis shows that the pyrite minerals of these rocks contain of nanoparticles gold.

The Chapdoni-Posht-e-Badam complex is located in the Central Iranian structural zone and the northeast of Yazd province. This complex is one of the areas with high potential for thorium-rare earth elements mineralization in Central Iran. In this research, the network modeling method has been used to determine the type and potential of Th-REE mineralization in the study area. Different methods such as geochemistry, geophysics, remote sensing, field observations, and laboratory works have been used, and different criteria have been considered for scoring. After applying the mentioned methods, creating a database, and combining multiple layers, the mineralization model or possible deposit types have been determined. This research uses a network method to integrate different data layers and model them to produce a mineralization potential map. The results obtained for different types of mineralization models were combined in the form of final modeling, and a comprehensive map of mineralization potential was prepared. Finally, mineralization types related to granite, metasomatism, and metamorphism were determined for thorium and rare earth elements in the Chapdoni-Posht-e-Badam complex. The mineralization potential of thorium-rare earth elements in the center and south of the study area is more than in other places.

Qalikouh area is located 35 km southwest of Aligudarz city, Lorestan province, SW of Iran. The area is located in the central part of the Zagros Geological Zone. The oil shales of the area are located in the Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic of Sargalu and Garau Formations. The Sargalu Formation contains a series of shale, carbonate and clays. Garau Formation includes oil shale horizons with different thicknesses, ammonite shales and black cherty layer. In order to investigate the enrichment ratio and relationship between elements and organic matter, 53 samples of oil shale from Garau and Sargalu formations were selected. The samples were analyzed by XRD, XRF, ICP-MS and Rock-Eval analyzer. Data processing was performed using factor analysis, fractal modeling, stepwise factor analysis and principal component analysis. The data show that Sargalu Formation with average TOC = 13.27% and Garau Formation with average TOC = 18.13%, have high content of organic matter in central and NW of the area. Cconcentration-number fractal modeling showed that the Co, Mo, Ni, Pb and U have significant anomalies. The stepwise factor analysis (SFA) method showed a significant correlation between the anomalous elements and TOC. Geochemical maps showed that the anomalies are located for Co and Pb in the center and SE, for Mo, Ni in the NW and center, for V and REE in the NW, and for U in central part of the area.

The Oshvand Skarn deposit is located about 10 km east of Nahavand city in the Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone. In this area, garnet (grossular-andradite) is the most abundant mineral in the skarn zone and their compositions are in the range of Adr(67.2 - 45.9%) Gro(50.1 - 31.8%) Sps(1.8 - 0.3%) and Prp(2.5 - 0.6%). EPMA data indicate a decrease in andradite and increase in the amounts of grossular and pyralspite group from the core to the margin of the garnet minerals. Increasing the substitution of Al by Fe+ 3 from the core to the rim of the garnet crystals indicates an increaseing FO2 during the growth of the garnet crystals. Pyroxene is the second most abundant mineral in the skarn zone and has a more homogeneous composition than garnet. The main pyroxenes of this deposit are in the range of hedenbergite to diopside with the combination of Fs(41.2 - 30.6%) En(26.6 - 9.5%) and Wo(49.3 - 42.8%) which has an average ratio of Fe/(Fe + Mg) in the range of 0.81 to 0.53. Thermobarometry studies indicate the formation of the progressive stage of skarnification at a pressure of 1 to 2 kbar and a temperature less than 600°C, depth of formation is about 5 km and  FO2 is about -16 to -27. The EPMA results of garnets and pyroxenes of skarn zones indicate that their composition is located at the range of Fe-Cu-Au type skarns.

Soil contamination is considered a controversial issue in most countries. Nowadays, it is important to clearly understand how pollutants influence the soil from different sources. Today, hydrocarbons are one of the most important sources of soil contaminants, which is considered as a fundamental issue at the global level. The current study aims to analyze and model the effect of simultaneous parameters (time and concentration) of phenols and naphthalene with different percentages (10, 15, 20 and 25%) together with the amount of bentonite in fine-grained sandy soil. The designed experiments made use of response surface methodology (RSM) and Design-Expert software to carry out a computer-based simulation. According to the proposed model, the amount of bentonite is most affected by the permeability of the soil. The obtained results also showed that the permeability significantly decreases in the light of increasing the percentage of phenol and naphthalene coupled with the amount of bentonite and the age of contamination. On average, an 80% reduction of permeability was observed in contaminated soil, which was found in the soil contaminated with naphthalene. According to the results of the synergistic effects of time, the considerable impacts of both the percentage of hydrocarbon pollutants and the amount of bentonite on the reduction of permeability are quite evident.

In this paper, two-echelon newsvendor problem is considered. Many real-life situations like fashion, food industries, and healthcare services match newsvendor problem. Our problem is determining levels of inventory in order to optimize the profit and service level in selling a product. This product is made up of several raw materials. Only the distribution of demand is known, and the hot season of selling the product is just a short period and after that, the price of the product drops dramatically. The storage space and initial budget are limited. We modeled and solved the problem as an unconstrained nonlinear optimization problem using two nonlinear techniques, the sequential unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) and steepest descent (SD).

Qalikouh anticline is located 35 km southwest of Aligudarz city, Lorestan province, SW of Iran. The area is located in the high structural zone of Zagros. The oil shales of the areas are located in the Middle Jurassic and Lower Triassic of Sargelu and Garu Formations. The Sargelu Formation contains a series of shale, carbonate, oil shale, and clays. Garau Formation includes oil shale horizons with different thicknesses, ammonite shales, and black cherty layer. The shales of these two formations in the high Zagros region have formed oil shale reserves due to their richness in organic matter (OM), kerogen type is I and II, and relatively low thermal maturity at the beginning of the oil window. This study focuses on the effect of geochemical processes on the enrichment of trace elements and their interaction with organic matter in Qalikouh oil shale. analysis was performed by XRF, XRD, ICP-Ms, and Rock-Eval methods and Statistical significance were analyzed. The results of this study indicated the high enrichment of elements Cd, Mo, Ag, U, Cs. The correlation between immobilized and mobile oxides, organic matter, formed minerals, and other factors were tested. These tests revealed that the enrichment of trace elements is affected by classical, biological, and autogenic materials. Elements U, V, Cd are related to the organic and autogenic matter. Elements Ca, Si, P is of biological origin, and elements Ag, Ti are of classical origin.

This paper presents a 2-bit programmable digital metasurface for real-time beam steering applications at X-band. Tunability of the metasurface is provided by employing a varactor in the unit cell structure to control each unit cell independently. This ability leads to achieve beam steering capability in both elevation and azimuth directions. The structure is designed so that the biasing circuit has no electrical connection to the MS ground. The equivalent circuit model of the unit cell is also presented to better investigate its physical behaviour. Furthermore, the effects of number of unit cells and states of reflection phase on far-field pattern are investigated. Finally, the numerical results are compared to analytical ones, where a good agreement between them is observed.

The phosphorites horizon related to the Jeirud area is located in the central part of the Jeirud Formation, in the northern Tehran. The Late Devonian sediments of this formation is composed mainly of detrital rocks such as sandstone, sandy shale and sandy limestones. Phosphorite mineralization is mainly concentrated in the sandy shale horizon. Optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that fluoroapatite is the main phosphate mineral and other gangues minerals composed of quartz, calcite, pyrite, iron oxides (mostly goethite) and clay minerals. The X-Ray Probe Micro Analysis (XPMA) results showed that fluoroapatite is the main host mineral for REEs. Other REE-bearing minerals include monazite and very rarely zircon. The Ce concentration (as representative of REEs) is highly variable in the decomposed apatite grains and the amount of Ce and other REEs in sedimentary apatite originating from primary rare earth elements. The concentration of REE in this phosphorites are related to the deposition environment, duration of seawater interaction during and after apatite formation, chemical composition of pore-water, organic source, apatite crystal network and the effect of the allogenic events.

In the last few decades, due to the increasing use of geosynthetic reinforcements in reinforcing the soil, researchers have considered the significance of the behavior of the soil-geosynthetic interface. On the other hand, the use of geofoams in the form of block and/or bead due to a decrease in the weight of the soil mass behind the retaining structures has attracted the designers’ attention. In this regard, the current research was carried out to determine the interaction parameters of soil containing geofoam beads and geosynthetic reinforcements. For this purpose, a large-scale direct shear apparatus with box dimensions of 304.8*304.8*152 mm was used. The used soil was a mixture of Firoozkooh sand (#. 161) and geofoam beads with a diameter of 2 mm and the geofoam mix percentages were selected as 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 percent by weight of the soil. Also, the reinforcements used in this research included geogrid, geotextile, and geocomposite; accordingly, further analysis and comparison of the obtained results could be possible. According to the results, in the sand-geofoam mixtures reinforced by geosynthetics, upon an increase in the mix percentage of geofoam, shear strength amounts decreased. Also, in these mixtures, the greatest increase in bearing capacity compared to the corresponding unreinforced mixtures was obtained for the samples reinforced with geogrid and also, for samples reinforced with geocomposite and geotextile, respectively. In general, based on the reinforcement type and geofoam mix percentage, an increase in the bearing capacity of the reinforced mixtures with respect to unreinforced mixtures was about 12% to 135%. By increasing the mix percentage of geofoam from 0.2 to 0.6, the amount of this increase was reduced. In the sand-geofoam mixtures reinforced by geosynthetics, the highest value of the interaction coefficient was obtained in the samples reinforced by geogrid, geocomposite, and geotextile, respectively. In the sand-geofoam mixtures reinforced by geogrid, the highest value of the interaction coefficient was observed in the geofoam of 0.4% and then, in the geofoam of 0.2%‌.

One of the major challenges of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique is the existence of tropospheric effect on the results. The tropospheric effect is due to the changes of atmospheric parameters including temperature, pressure, and humidity between the master and slave images. In this research, two different methods based on spatial-temporal filters and calculation of phase delay using MERIS data were evaluated. The main objective is to monitor the interseismic deformation across the Tasouj fault located in West and East Azarbaijan provinces. To this end, Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterer (StaMPS) is applied on 12 ascending ENVISAT ASAR images spanning between 2004 and 2008. The deformation time series obtained from StaMPS are two rough due to the atmospheric effect. In the first method employed for the atmospheric effect reduction,  considering that the atmospheric effect is a temporally-decorrelated and spatially-correlated signal, two different high pass and low pass filters are applied in the temporal and spatial space in order to extract the atmospheric signal which is then subtracted from the time series analysis results. In the second method, the phase delay due to the troposphere is estimated using the MERIS water vapor product. GPS measurements are finally used in order to evaluate the performance of different atmospheric reduction methods. Two quantitative criteria, i.e. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) calculated from GPS and corrected time series and standard deviation of atmospherically-corrected time series are considered as two relevant methods for evaluating the fluctuations reduction. The method based on spatial-temporal filters shows more superiority over the other one with RMSE and standard deviation of 13 mm and 40 mm, respectively, at its best case.

Total cross section (TCS) of rain drops with realistic shape model (Modified Pruppacher Pitter or MPP model) is calculated by Finite difference time domain (FDTD) method implemented in three dimensions. FDTD Results are validated by the volume integral equation (VIE) method through simulation of rain drop model in commercial software CST Microwave Design Studio. The accuracy of oblate spheroidal model as a simpler model for rain drops is also compared with MPP model results. Simulation are performed at the frequency of 30 GHz, in both vertical and horizontal polarizations of incident wave. TCS results are then used for the calculation of rain specific attenuation with Marshal-Palmer (M-P) rain drop size distribution (DSD). The specific attenuation of spheroidal and MPP rain drops models are calculated and compared for different rain rates in vertical and horizontal polarizations of incident wave. These results can be applied for applications with wave propagation in rainy mediums.

Mineralogical examination of the gangue and ore parts of the Se-Chahun magnetite-apatite ore deposit revealed the existence of Th and REE bearing minerals with paragenetic relationships with amphiboles, magnetite and calcite. Trace and REE host minerals are found in both of the gangue and the magnetite-apatite ore showing remarkable concentration in a phase referred to as the brecciated phase. This zone (phase) is characterized by high amounts of trace (Th) and light rare earth elements including La, Ce, Pr and Nd that were revealed in geochemical analysis. Mineralization of these elements is related to fluids appeared after magnetite mineralization in the region and resulted in metasomatism of the host rocks and a part of the ore and also concentration of the REE and trace elements as phosphates and silicates, respectively. There is not a clear key concerning the origin of these fluids but based on the geochemical evidence, the probable provenance is thought to be related to the magmas derived from the arc related subvolcanic bodies injected in subduction zones. Based on the paragenetic and geochemical evidence, a part of these elements is transported by carbonate complexes and accumulated in the brecciated rocks.

Systematic investigation of vertebrate bearing horizons of Pabdeh Formation in Kuhrang area (Pole-Naal-Eshkanan, Kuhanak, Omid-Abad and Qanbar-Sini) leading to indentification of 8 families of Teleostis which includes: Fistularidae, Photichthyidae, Gempylidae, Myctophidae, Sternoptychidae, Gonostomatide, Clupeidae and Acanthuridae. Future to the fishes assemblages within the studied fauna 3 species of shrimp fossils were discriminated (Eopabdehus babaheydariensis, Eogordonella iranianiensis, Parsacus eocenicus). Based on the collected benthic and planctonic forminifers from the acid washing residues the Middle Eocene age can be assigned to the studied intervals.

In hydrogeochemical exploration, the association of elements usually are studied in parallel and prepared their distribution map in order to identify probable anomalies. To do this in Kadkan region, 110 underground water samples are analyzed and R-factor method is applied to identify element distribution. Finally, after statistical processing and determining the number of different factors, 6-factor model was selected, constituting 69.72% total of data variance and reflecting most coincidence with lithological, hydrochemical unites and potential parts of probable mineralization of uranium in region. For determination of anomalies, Factor scores of all data related to region were calculated. Based on this calculation, mineralization factor (4) has strong positive loadings for the uranium, sulfur, molybdenum, selenium elements and fluoride, phosphate, sulphate ion. These elements are the traces elements of uranium deposits, so, can indicate the possible zones of uranium mineralization.