mohammad bojarpour

This study was conducted to determine threonine requirement of Arian 386 broiler chickens at finisher period (days 22 to 42), using performance, immunity and blood parameters responses in a completely randomized design with six levels of threonine (0.66, 0.76, 0.86, 0.96, 1.06 and 1.16%), five replicates and 20 birds per each replicate. Requirement was determined by broken line method. Average daily feed intake was not affected by dietary level of threonine during days 22 to 42. Average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens fed the level of 0.66% threonine were respectively lower and higher compared to the other groups. The serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, total protein, LDL and globulin were not affected by different levels of threonine. The serum concentration of uric acid was reduced in birds received 0.96% threonine comparing the other groups and serum HDL level was increased in birds fed with 0.66 and 0.76% threonine. Number of white and red blood cells, percentage of hematocrit, heterophil, lymphocyte, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, titer of antibody including IgG, IgM and total antibody in response to SRBC injection were not affected by different levels of threonine. Considering serum uric acid and HDL, threonine requirement during finisher period were estimated 1.058 and 0.995%, respectively. Totally, range of 0.9-1.0% can be suggested for threonine requirement of Arian 386 broiler chickens in finisher period (days 22 to 42).

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of processing date palm leaves with urea and enzyme on digestibility, rumination and some blood and rumen parameters of Arabian sheep. In this research, 16 Arabian sheep with an average age of 8 months and weight 28 ± 1.5 kg were used. The ratio of concentrate/forage in the treatments was 50:50. Treatments were including 1) diet contains wheat straw (control), 2) diet contains crude date palm leaves, 3) diet contains crude date palm leaves+ 3 g/kg Natuzyme enzyme and 4) diet contains date palm leaves processed with 4 % urea. In this experiment it is considered 21 days for adaptation and 14 days for sampling. At the end of the experiment, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior and blood and rumen parameters were determined and the obtained data were analyzed in completely randomized design. Results showed feed intake, digestibility of dry matter and organic matter and blood cholesterol level were not influenced by experimental diets (P>0.05). However, digestibility of NDF and ADF, blood glucose and urea and ruminal ammonia concentration significantly increased in sheep fed with date palm leaves processed with urea (P

Barley cultivars contain different anti-nutritional factors that have negative effects on the intestinal ecosystem and reduce blood cholesterol concentration. This study aimed to determine the effect of processing barley cultivars on the intestinal morphology, enzyme activity and volatile fatty acids of the small intestine and serum lipid levels of broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out using a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design. Factors were barley cultivars (Fajr, Reyhaneh, and Yosef), diet form (mash or pellet) and enzyme level (0 and 0.05 g/kg dry matter). Around 927 one day of old Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned into 12 treatments, 3 replicates and 27 chickens in each replicate. Pancreatic amylase, lipase enzyme activity and digesta pH are affected by main (except for cultivar) and interaction effects (P< 0.05). Feed Processing (pelleting, adding enzyme or combination of pelleting and enzyme) of barley cultivars, especially diets containing Ryhaneh barley cultivar reduced digesta viscosity and increased the concentration of volatile fatty acids and relative percentage of acetic acid and butyric acid (P<0.05). Diets containing Fajr barley cultivars, enzyme or pelleted diets significantly decreased blood glucose, cholesterol and HDL concentration (P<0.05). Due to lower amount of soluble NSP compared with the other barley cultivars, Ryhaneh cultivar resulted in a better response to processing as well as enzyme addition, and improved the morphological characteristics of the small intestine

The aim of present experiment was to investigate the buffering capacity of some buffers or alkalizers, their effect on digestion and fermentation of high concentration diets. The concentration of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 g in 100 ml from different buffers and alkalizing agents including: sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, sodium bentonite, zeolite and combined buffer (0.75% sodium bicarbonate 0.75% sodium sesquicarbonate) was used. The initial pH of the buffer solution, the amount of consumed hydrochloric acid for abrupt changes of pH to 5.2 or below it, and the final pH was registered. The lowest amount of the hydrochloric acid was consumed for solutions containing sodium bentonite, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and control for suddently dropping their pH; and highest amount by sodium sesquicarbonate, combined buffer and sodium bicarbonate, respectively. The zeolite buffer also indicated a proper resistance to pH changes and did not have a significant difference with the combined buffer or sodium bicarbonate buffer. The treatments in gas production were included: control or basal diet without buffer, and amounts of 0.5 to 2% sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 to 2% sodium sesquicarbonate, 0.5% sodium bentonite, 2% magnesium carbonate, 1.5, 2 and 2.5% of zeolite and combined buffer, which were added to basal diet. The highest produced gas was in the sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, combined buffers and zeolite. Therefore, sodium sesquicarbonate, combined buffers, sodium bicarbonate and zeolite had the best position respectively, which were evaluated as suitable buffers for using in diets containing high concentration ingredients for feeding the ruminant animals.

In this experiment, the effect of oak kernel on digestibility, rumen fermentation and some blood parameters of Arabi sheep and Najdi goat were investigated. In this research, oak kernel (63 %) was used for feeding six Arabi sheep and six Najd goats with the mean live weight of 50±3 Kg for 28 days, and digestibility and fermentation, rumination and some blood parameters were measured. Obtained data were analyzed in split plots design. The results showed that dry matter intake and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were not affected by treatment and type of livestock. Regardless of the type of livestock, dry matter intake and crude protein digestibility in control treatment was significantly higher and regardless of the type of treatment, the digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fibre of goat was higher than sheep (P

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical form, barley variety and enzyme addition on Ileal digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and energy efficiency of broiler chickens.The experiment was carried using a factorial experiment with a completely randomized desiegn. Factors were barley varity (Fajr, Reyhaneh, and Yosef), diet form (mash or pellet) and enzyme level (0 and 0/05 g/kg dry matter). Here 927 one day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to 12 treatments, 3 replicates and 27 chickens in each replicate. The results of experiment indicated that the digestibility of nutrients, AME, apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) and energy efficiencies (NE/AMEn) affected by barley variety (p 005), NE, AME and AMEn (p

A 3*2*2 factorial experiment with a completely randomized design in 12 treatments, 3 replicates and 27 chickens in each replicates was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical form, barley variety and enzyme addition on growth performance; carcass characteristics and immune system response of broiler chickens with use of 927 one day of old Ross 308 broiler chickens. .Main effects and levels of Factors were barley varity (Fajr, Reyhaneh, and Yosef), diet form (mash or pellet) and enzyme level (0 and 0/05 g/kg dry matter).Results showed that feed intake and growth rate are affected by main effects and interaction effects over the entire raising period (P 0.05) but increased levels of IgG with the addition of enzymes to the diet(P

This experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of different levels of Malva sylvestris extract on performance، carcass characteristics and some immune and blood parameters of broiler chickens with 16 experimental units with 4 treatment، 4 replicate and 11 broilers in each replicate in completely randomized design for 42 days. The dietary treatments consisted of basal diet (control)، and different levels of extract of Malva sylvestris (0. 1، 0. 2 and 0. 3 percentage of diet). Feed intake and weight gain were recorded weekly. At 25 and 32 days of age، sheep red blood cell (SRBC) injected to 2 broilers of each replicate. At 32 and 39 days، blood samples were collected to quantify antibody titer production against SRBC. The results of this experiment showed that effect of Malva sylvestris extract on weight gain، feed intake، feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics were not significant (P>0. 05). But there were significant difference between treatments in immune parameters (P<0. 05). The highest antibody titer against SRBC was observed at 0. 3 percent of extract at 32 days of age، but the highest antibody titer was at 0. 2 and 0. 3 percent of extract at 39 days of age. The addition extract significantly decreased cholesterol، triglyceride، HDL and LDL concentrations (P<0. 05). The highest percentage of eosinophil was observed at the level of 0. 3 percentage and percentage of heterophile and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio lowest were in the control treatment. According to the results of this experiment، it appears that different levels of extract were not effective on performance parameters but this extract affected the immune system of broiler chicks

This study was conducted to compare fungi and whole rumen microorganisms (WRM) digestibility of treated sugarcane pith by fungi and of buffalos and Holstein cows. Dry matter (DM)، neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF) digestibilities of steam treated sugarcane pith (STP) by fungi and WRM were compared with a two-steps digestion technique، gas production (GP) and specific rumen fungi culturing (SRFC). Dry matter، NDF and ADF digestibilities of steam treated sugarcane pith by WRM in buffalo were higher (62، 32. 31 and 22%، respectively) than cow (50. 13، 27. 07 and 16. 2%، respectively) (P<0. 05). Regardless of microorganisms type، digestibility of DM، NDF and ADF were greater in buffalo (54. 13، 27. 51 and 19. 86%) than in buffalo (49. 69، 24. 54 and 14. 67) (P<0. 05). Potential of GP (B) of STP by WRM in cow was numerically more than that of cow (P>0. 05). Fractional rate of GP (C) for WRM and fungi was lower in cow than buffalo (P<0. 05). Regardless of microorganisms type، C was higher in buffalo was more than cow (P<0. 05) and vice versa for B (P>0. 05). Regardless of animal species، whole rumen microorganisms had higher digestibility and potential of GP than fungi (P>0. 05)، but there was not any difference for rat of GP between them. In SRFC، DM digestibility of STP by fungi at day 12 in buffalo was significantly more than cow (P<0. 05). The concentration of fungi per ml of rumen liquer in cow was more than buffalo (P<0. 05). Although، the rumen population fungi in cow was more than buffalo، but that digestibility of fungi (in specific rumen fungi culture) and WRM of buffalo was more than cow in present experiment. Therefore، the results of this study showed the advantage and supremacy of buffalo in usage the low quality roughages.

The major aim of this study was to compare the morphology and activity of rumen protozoa of Khuzestan water buffalo and Holstein cow using in vitro digestibility and gas production parameters of steam treated sugarcane pith. Rumen fluid obtained from two buffalo and cow steers fed the same diet, 30:70 concentrate: forage. To separate rumen protozoa, antibiotic solution and fungicides were added to rumen fluid. The results of present experiment indicated that the neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 7.8 vs. 1.69%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF; 6.24 vs. 3.24%) digestibility of steam treated sugarcane pith by rumen protozoal population of Khuzestan buffalo was higher than those of cow (p < 0.05). Also, digestibility of dry matter, NDF and ADF by whole buffalo micro-organisms was more than those in cow (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the potential of gas production of sugarcane pith by rumen protozoa in water buffalo was more than that of cow (p < 0.05). Total rumen ciliate protozoa numbers in water buffalo were significantly higher than those of cow (3.68 × 105 vs. 2.18 × 105 mL-1 of rumen content) (p < 0.05). The number of Diplodinium in buffalo was more than that of cow (41.27 vs. 35.7% of total rumen protozoa, respectively). Percentage of Entodinium, Epidinium, Ophryoscolex and Isotricha in cow was more than those of buffalo. Therefore, in the same diet, protozoa and total rumen micro-organisms of Khuzestan water buffalo have higher digestion activity compared to Holstein cow.

Identification of associated genes with energy balance, yield and feed intake are recent interests of the animal breeding researchers. Najdi breed is the famous cattle breed in the Khuzestan province. In this research for The investigation of Leptin gene Promoter, from 15 Najdi cows in the Shushtar cattle center station was taken. DNA from whole blood was Extracted and 544bp and 566 bp two pieces of was used for amplification. After ensuring the correctness PCR products on agarose gel 1% sequences gene was performed and component promoter leptin was found in Najdi cow. In the first fragment(566bp) of the study was recognized, 6 Mutation, two point mutations one of the transition and the other was transversion and four frameshift mutations that mutations of another typ of, deletion and insertion. In the second segment(544bp(was observed in the leptin gene promoter region two point mutations one of the transition and the other was transversion and deletion of a frameshift Mutation The results of this study showed that reports Mutations on boxes and component promoter did not affect leptin gene.In this study was compared the sequence corresponding to a single on sample in terms of both pieces were registered on sequence similarity with other region that blast results showed a high percentage of similarity.

Identity the genetic aspects and major gene influence on energy balance, milk production, fertility, food safety and consumer are the recent interests of genetic and breeding researchers. Najdi Cattle is the most prominent breeds in Khuzestan province. To do this plan in Shoushtar Najdi Cattle Station, blood samples were taken from 15 Najdi Cattles. DNA was extracted from whole blood using the method of Boom et al and polymerase chain reaction took for amplification of two fragments 544 bp and 566 bp. After ensuring the accuracy of the duplicated sequences on 1% agarose gel, sequencing was performed and the Leptin gene promoter components pointed out in Najdi Cattle. In this study, the six mutations identified in the first fragment 566 bp. In these mutations, 2 types of them were point mutations including Transition and Transversion, and 4 mutations were Frame shift which included Deletion (3kinds) and Insertion (1kind). In the second fragment 544 bp, 2 point mutations (transition and Transversion) and 1 Frame shift mutation (deletion) were appeared, in the Leptin gene pro-motor region. Also, in this study, the sequences related to each sample was compared in the two fragments in the aspect of similarity with other documented sequences, that BLAST results showed that high percentage of similarity. According to the obtained results, it could be said that the sequence of leptin gene of Najdi cattle in Khuzestan province is similar to other documented sequences and there are a high-similarity percentage between current samples’ sequences and those documented in global information bank.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the digestibility and fermentation parameters of diets containing flower، pod with seed and leaf of siris in sheep by two-step digestion and gas production methods. The experimental diets were including zero، 25، 50، 75 and 100 percent of Siris flower، pod and leaf. The result showed that gas production potential of diet containing 50 percent leaf was greater than other treatments (P<0. 05). Gas production rate of diet containing 75 percent flower showed significant increase compared with the other diets (P<0. 05). Partitioning factor، microbial biomass، biomass efficiency were the greatest for diets containing 100 percent leaf and different levels of pod (P<0. 05). Dry matter digestibility of diets including different levels of siris leaf، 50 percent siris flower and 25 percent siris pod and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of diets including different levels of siris flower and 25 percent Siris pod were higher compared to control diet (P<0. 05). The lowest concentration of ammonia nitrogen was belonged to diets containing 100 percent leaf and pod of Siris (P<0. 05). It could be concluded that Siris leaf، flower and pod with seed of siris can be used instaed of alfalfa in sheep diet and increase digestibility and diet ruminal fermentation.

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of zinc on some productive parameters of broiler breeder، an experiment was conducted with 300 hens and 40 roosters of Ross 308 strain (40 wk old) in 12 week period in completely randomized design with 4 treatments، 5 replicates and 15 hens and 2 roosters in each replicate. Treatments consisted of 4 different levels of zinc (80، 110، 140 and 170 mg zinc/kg diet) in which the dietary zinc was supplied from zinc sulfate. Zinc supplementation significantly improved egg production، egg weight، egg shell quality and feed conversion ratio during the experiment. Production percentage and feed conversion ratio had the best results in 170 mg zinc/kg diet and the best results of egg weight and egg shell quality were observed in 140 and 170 mg zinc/kg diet. Zinc supplementation improved the weight and quality of neonatal chicks. By increasing levels of zinc in the diet، weight of bursa fabricius of chicks and weight of heart of broiler breeders increased. The results of this experiment suggest that supplementation of broiler breeder diet with zinc could improve performance and quality of neonatal chicks.