فهرست مطالب mohammad reza noras

Tension-type headache is the most frequent type of headache. Considering the effectiveness of Valeriana officinalis (Valerian) in treatment of some types of headache, the effect of valerian root was studied in patients with tension-type headache.

The current study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial that was conducted in Shams Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, from January to June 2018. We included 88 participants with tension-type headache and randomly assigned them to intervention and control group by block randomization in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group received Sedamin® capsule (530 mg of valerian root extraction) while the placebo group received 500 mg of breadcrumbs both given as two capsules daily for a month -after dinner. The headache impact on activity of daily livings performance, headache disability, and headache severity were measured using questionnaires in baseline and one month after intervention in both groups.

The average age (±SD) of the participants was 34.9 (±8.7) years old. After one month, the impact of headache on daily livings performance, significantly reduced in intervention group (mean=51.2) versus the placebo (mean=57.0), (p<0.001). There was a significant reduction in disability in intervention group (mean=22.9) compared to the placebo (mean=27.4) (p<0.001) and the severity score showed significant reductions in intervention group (mean=3.5) versus the placebo group (mean=5.1) (p<0.001).

The present trial showed that valerian capsule could reduce the headache impact on daily livings performance, disability and severity of tension-type headache.

Pruritus is one of the most common problems of chronic kidney diseases. Different treatment modalities, while extending the life span of patients, can lead to changes in their lifestyle, health status and ultimately change their quality of life (QOL). Understanding the different aspects of patients' QOL leads to better services provided by health care teams to improve the patients' QOL. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of hemodialysis patients with uremic pruritus in Mashhad in 1396 with a view to Iranian Medicine.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 52 patients. Data collection was done by the World Health Organization QOL and researcher-made demographic Questionnaire and SPSS 16 software was used for data analysis.

The mean age of patients was 51.73 years and mean duration of dialysis was 41.42 months. Total score of life quality was 56. The lowest and highest scores were seen in physical and environmental dimensions. There was an inverse significant relationship between some aspects of QOL with hemoglobin and creatinine and a direct significant relationship with age, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia (P<0.005).

Hemodialysis patients' QOL is lower than others and several factors can improve it. Special attention to the individual characteristics of hemodialysis patients can be helpful in predicting their basic needs.

The lack of evidence-based information and guidance hasprevented the development and authorization of traditional/ complementary/ alternative medicine methods and has not extend the development of its systems. The tendency to research in the field of traditional/ complementary / alternative medicine is the result of the desire of health professionals to create scientific evidence in this field and to transform the experiences into evidence from scientific experiments and research. On the other hand, there is a need for the community and the interest of researchers in this matter. The theses are registered and defended from valuable scientific documents in the university that can complement the course of the interest of students and professors of various specialized fields to the field of applied medicine.

From The total of 7858 titles of the library theses of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 418 titles were related to traditional medicine/ complementary/ alternative medicine. That is, for each 19 theses titles one title was about traditional medicine/ complementary/ alternative medicine.

In this study, the growth of theses on the subject of traditional medicine is quite evident, as the total number of theses in 1380 with 458 titles increased by  23.53% to 599 titles in 1395. In this comparison, the growth rate of the number of traditional / complementary / alternative theses has risen from 24 titles to 43 in the year 1395, ie, with the increase of 16.69% between the first and the last year.

Despite the good growth of theses in the field of traditional medicine/ complementary/ alternative medicine in recent years, it is still not favorable in comparison with the total number of dissertations. With the help of advocacy and information policies, the trend towards this subject can be promoted among theses of the University of Medical Sciences.

Research in traditional medicine sources is one of the research priorities. The book of law as the most authoritative comprehensive medical book play an important role in medical education. Ibn Sina explains anatomy in this book. The kidneys and ureter are involved in regulating blood pressure, disposing of the waste material and passing it to the bladder. This article presents the views of this Iranian wise and other traditional medicine sources on renal anatomy and compares findings with the results of the new anatomy. At first, texts of traditional medicine such as law (Ibn Sina), Kharazmhahi and Mansuri's description were studied. The criterion for choosing these books has been the credibility of the wise men to be cited and referable to the writings. Then, during a library study, the foundations of anatomy, surgery, pathology, semiology with the key words "kidney" and "pollen" from Iranian medicine sources and sources of modern medicine have been extracted and analyzed. Communities and differences were reviewed and compared in the traditional and modern medicine. According to studies, it was found that Iranian physicians, despite the considerations that have been described in the use of the human body and used more animal model for teaching and research, knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the kidney and urinary system by Iranian physicians have been carefully considered and is consistent with modern medical findings.

Kidney and urinary tract stones are the most painful diseases of the urinary system that affect the quality of life. At present, various treatments such as medications, crushing and surgical treatments are used which are not effective in some cases or have some complications. Therefore, more efficient and less costly treatments are preferred. In Persian Medicine, the disease is widely investigated. In this study, effective medications on the break down of kidney and urinary tract stones are reviewed in Persian literature and sources at different time periods. Also, plants which are more recommended or used in clinical studies are presented.

Depression is one of the most common problems during pregnancy and after delivery. Research has shown that aromatherapy reduces women's mood disorders. Regarding the biological condition of postpartum period and reduced hormonal levels, this study was conducted with aim to evaluate the effect of orange scent on the prevention of postpartum depression. This clinical trial was performed in 2017 on 100 women who had delivery and had admitted to the gynecology section of Omolbanin hospital. The subjects were randomly divided to aromatherapy and control groups. The intervention group, in addition to receiving routine care, from the second day after delivery up to six weeks inhaled three drops of orange essence on the hanky every 12 hours. On days 10, 30, 42 after delivery, the Edinburgh Depression Inventory was completed in both groups. Those who obtained the score more than 12 in the questionnaire were referred to a psychiatrist and depression was diagnosed with clinical interview and based on the diagnostic criteria of DSM -4. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and with statistical tests of Chi-square, repeated measures variance analysis, and Exact Fisher test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean score of depression was significantly reduced in the intervention group than the control group and the prevalence of depression at the end of the study was 0% in the aromatherapy group and 22.2% in the control group (p<0/001). Inhalation of orange scent in postpartum period is effective in preventing postpartum depression.

Cancer is the second cause of mortality in the world causing poor quality of life. Persian Medicine (PM) is mentioned about cancer in details. Many herbs are claimed to be useful in cancer. This paper aimed to search the most common herbal drugs affecting the cancer based on PM literature. This is a review study based on PM literatures and the electronic databases such as Pub Med and Scopus with the terms like herbal drug and cancer. The study found 15 herbs affecting the cancer. Most of these herbs were investigated in the recent studies. It is recommended further evaluation on plants mentioned in PM books, particularly those with no clinical trials or laboratory tests.

Enema or ‘hoqne’ is a therapeutic approach used for a wide range of diseases in the Iranian traditional medicine. The use of this method dates back to thousands of years to Hippocrates and Galen. The aim of this study was to review the history of enema and its methods and indices in the Iranian medicine and other complementary medicine.
This review study was conducted on the Iranian medicine textbooks and articles published in the international databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, as well as the Iranian databases, such as SID and Magiran. The searching process was performed using the following keywords: ‘Hoqne’, ‘Enema’, ‘Vasta’, ‘Basta’, and ‘Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)’. There was no limitation regarding the publication data of the included studies.
In the Iranian medicine, the term “hoqne” is equivalent to enema. Enema is used in various diseases of the brain, respiratory system, digestive system, urogenital system, and musculoskeletal system, as well as systemic diseases. Enema is one of the five main therapies in the Indian medicine or Ayurveda. In other types of complementary medicine, including Chinese medicine, this procedure has therapeutic applications. Although enema has been recognized as a diagnostic method in modern medicine, it has been considered as a therapeutic approach in the recent years.
According to the findings of the reviewed studies, enema is a major therapeutic focus in complementary medicine, part of which has been confirmed in the recent studies. Given the low side effects and high success rate of this treatment, it can be used as a supplemental therapy for the management of poisoning, febrile seizures, prolonged functional constipation, and chronic kidney disease, as well as the prevention of swelling. However, this theory requires further investigation and targeted clinical trials. This method has been recently identified and updated as a preventive and therapeutic modality.

Melasma is a skin disorder characterizing by hyperpigmentation affecting the sun-exposed areas. This disorder, accounts for 0.25 to 4% of the patients observed in skin clinics in south East Asia. In spite of several reports according to the relationship between digestive problems such as gastritis with melasma, these disorders are not included in the diagnostic criteria of melasma in the texts. This study aims to find the relationship between digestive problems and melasma. In this study, the relationship between gastric problems and melasma was investigated by searching the Persian medicine references such as the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna and Al-Havi of Razi with the terms such as stomach, melasma (kalaf in the Canon) and also the electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Magiran with the keywords of gastritis, stomach, melasma, hyperpigmentation and digestive problems. This study searched the etiology and symptoms of melasma. The results showed accompaniment between some digestive disorders and melasma in Al-Havi and the Canon as well as in articles retrieved from the electronic databases. However, we noticed poor attention to the relationship between digestive problems and melasma due to attention to various topical creams produced by different companies. Considering the results, it is required to pay attention to systemic aspects such as digestive problems in the treatment of melasma. The researchers suggest doing more studies about these issues to find this relationship to be included in one of the main diagnostic criteria of melasma.

Chronic hepatitis C is one of the most important causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Camel milk (CM) is a new candidate therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC).
The present study assessed the safety and efficacy of pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin with CM (CM Peg IFN/RBV) and without CM (Peg IFN/RBV) in CHC genotype 2/3 infections.
This study was an open-label, randomized, phase 2 trial. Sampling strategy and date was computer–generated randomization. The researchers randomly selected 45 adult patients (ages > 18 years), who were treatment-naive with CHC infection (non-cirrhotic) to receive Peg IFN/RBV with standard-dose alone (group A, n = 23), CM Peg IFN/RBV: 500 cc orally per day (group B, n = 22) for 24 weeks in Iran. The primary efficacy outcomes were early virological response (EVR12) and end-of-treatment response (ETR24), the secondary efficacy outcome was sustained virological response (SVR24), and the safety outcomes were adverse events and laboratory tests at end-treatment to assess.
The EVR12 was 60% (12/20), ETR24 90% (18/20), and SVR24 100% (18/18) of CM Peg IFN/RBV therapy. The EVR12 was 15% (3/20), ETR24 70% (14/20), and SVR24 rates were 71% (10/14) in Peg IFN/RBV therapy (P Combination of CM with Peg IFN/RBV for 48 weeks showed significant improvements in the viral response and decreased adverse effects in CHC genotype 2/3 (P

The prevalence of infantile colic is high, but there is no safe and effective conventional treatment. Acupuncture is a Chinese method of complementary medicine, and its therapeutic effects have been investigated in colic pain, crying out, fecal excretion, anxiety, relaxation and sleep duration. The use of acupuncture in infantile colic has increased despite weak evidence. The aim of this paper was to review the literature about safety and efficiency of acupuncture in infantile colic.
Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Scopus were searched with keywords “infantile colic”, and “acupuncture”, and a manual search of references was also performed in articles. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) and case reports were included in this review.
Seven of the 36 studies evaluated the effects of acupuncture in infantile colic. Five RCT, one case reports and one personal communication with acupuncturists were evaluated in our studys.
Several studies have investigated the effects of acupuncture in infantile colic and found beneficial results. We found evidences of some efficacy and low risk associated with acupuncture in pediatrics. To improve further acupuncture therapy, further research is required to investigate the effects of acupuncture on infantile colic by using experimental and control groups.

Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common complaints of who referred to the gynecologist. It seems that the effect of acupuncture on dysmenorrhea and also attention to complementary medicine approaches is an effective method to reduce dysmenorrhea pain. This study was performed with aim to compare the effects of acupuncture and Mefenamic acid on pain intensity and absent from work in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.
This clinical randomized trial was performed on 140 patients aged At the end of three menstrual periods, pain intensity significantly decreased as 74% in acupuncture medicine group and 52.7% in mefenamic acid group. Also, absence from work significantly decreased as 42% in acupuncture medicine group and 27% in mefenamic acid group (P Acupuncture medicine reduces dysmenorrhea and absence from work and is introduced as an effective non-pharmacologic method.

Recent studies have shown that high or low maternal weight before pregnancy is associated with pregnancy and neonatal complications. Birth weight is one of the most important indicators of growth in neonates. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to determine the association between maternal early pregnancy body mass index with some complications of pregnancy and birth weight.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 1642 pregnant women referred to the hospitals and maternities of 21 cities which were covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Data related to mother and neonate were collected through the questionnaire and hospital records. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) and Chi- square and Mann-Whitney tests. P
Early pregnancy body mass index showed that 119 mothers (5.6%) were weight loss, 942 (44.5%) natural, 426 (20.1%) overweight and 155 (7.3%) were obese. Mean body mass index was 23.9 ± 4.2 with minimum of 13.49 and maximum of 39.06 Kg/m2. Birth weight was significantly influenced by early pregnancy BMI. The frequency of macrosomia was significantly higher in obese mothers, also increased early pregnancy BMI led to increased stillbirth and caesarean section (P Abnormal BMI can lead to complications in mothers and fetuses. So, assessment of weight and body mass index before pregnancy and at the first visit and providing training and nutritional counseling and required care can play an important role to prevent complications and provide maternal and neonatal health.

Traditional and complementary medicine centers, as providers of health services, have a special responsibility towards patients and clients. With increase in the number of these centers, the role of traditional and complementary medicine has become more important in the analysis, diagnosis, and treatment of illnesses. The accurate and fast performance of medical approaches using evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, with consideration of the rights, integrity, and dignity of clients are among the priorities and necessities that can have a significant impact on the satisfaction and acceptance of the scientific and legal institutions, parallel to the deployment of new services provision systems. Lack of sufficient scientific evidence of efficiency and effectiveness, lack of definition and determination of authorities to handle complaints, the legal process of ethical and legal aspects of medical errors has caused challenges for the field of complementary and alternative medicine. Thus, this legal void must be filled through formulation and revision of laws and regulations, defining of the practical and acceptable set of scientific resources, and determination of authorized service centers to resolve complaints and to punish. It is hoped that the results of this review study increase the information of the professionals in this field and attract the attention of authorities of medical ethics to this field.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common causes of women’s refering to medical care. Its etiology is unknown and treatment methods are relatively effective to control its symptoms. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the effectiveness of complementary medicine in controlling the symptoms of PMS.
This review study, the articles were searched in Iranian databases: SID, cilivika, and universities’ journals, and international databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar using the key words of premenstrual syndrome, complementary medicine, Iranian Traditional Medicine, and medicinal plants with no time limitation. 39 articles of 80 papers obtained were evaluated.
In different studies, nutrition with nutrients such as vitamin D, minerals including calcium and zinc, fats like omega-3, and medicinal plants including fennel, saffron, celery, anise, evening primrose and psychotherapy methods based on cognitive therapy and using the relaxation techniques, yoga, meditation, massage and sports are used for controlling thr syndrome’s symptoms.
The effectiveness of some potentials of complementary medicine along with therapeutic potentials of classic medicine in premenstrual syndrome can provide a new pattern for evaluation and treatment of this widespread problem. Review and clinical studies which be designed based on these principles can be effective on the development of integrated medicine approach and women's health promotion.

Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder with the incidence of 1.5% - 33.3% worldwide. Targeting the vascular component in melasma lesions may decrease the melanocytic stimulation. Herbal anticoagulants can serve as effective candidates for melasma treatment.

The evidence was gathered in this study by evaluating vascularization as an etiology of melasma and considering the role of herbal anticoagulants in natural vascular treatment. Databases such as PubMed and Scopus were screened and the following keywords were searched: melasma, vascularization, pigmentation, and herbal anticoagulant. These subjects were further investigated in traditional textbooks such as the canon of medicine by Avicenna and Alhavi by Razi. At the end, the results were discussed.

The use of anticoagulants can reduce the clot formation and lower the VEGF release. In this way, vascularization will be reduced, consequently leading to a decrease in melasma occurrence. The researchers of the present study went over the herbal components that were effective for treatment of melasma and found that most of them consisted of anticoagulants such as coumarin.

The effect of herbal anticoagulants (administered orally) on melasma should be evaluated clinically and their combination with topical treatments is suggested

Infantile colic is a painful phase in the first months of infancy but no safe and effective conventional treatment exists. Massage is used in traditional medicine as a control and treatment method for infantile colic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of massage in the control and treatment of infantile colic.
We searched international database such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Iranian databases such as SID, Magiran, Iranmedex using a searching strategy with key words "Infantile colic", "Massage", "Complementary of Alternative Medicine" during 2000 to 2015. Analysis of data extraction and quality evaluation of the literature were performed independently by two investigators.
Most articles provides the strongest evidence for benefits of massage in stress, anxiety reduction, pain control, cancer, skin disease, weight gain, sleep, promote growth, development in premature infants, neuromuscular and gastrointestinal disease such as infantile colic. The infantile colic massage helps relax the gastrointestinal tract and good digestion.
Our findings demonstrated that pediatric massage therapy is effective in the treatment of infantile colic. Compared to other possible treatments for colic, massage is a safe and enjoyable procedure; the risk of serious adverse effects is low. The pediatrician should feel comfortable discussing massage therapy with patients and be able to refer patients to a qualified massage therapist as appropriate.

Camel milk is the closest to human mother’s milk. In the references on Iranian traditional medicine, camel’s milk has been represented as the one having numerous nutritious and medical properties. In this article, the nutritive and therapeutic effects of camel’s milk have been examined from the view point of Iranian traditional medicine. The present study is a qualitative one, which was carried out, based on certain criteria, through purposeful search of certain keywords in the written references of Iranian traditional medicine. Numerous pharmacological functions and therapeutic effects of camel’s milk on patients suffering from liver, kidney, bladder, spleen, stomach and intestines, uterus, skin, lungs, and brain diseases have been mentioned. Camel’s milk seems to be an appropriate alternative/supplement to nourish infants and children. Animal resources, such as camel’s milk and its various products, have comprehensively been dealt with regarding their nutritive and therapeutic effects. Its compatibility with and similarity to mother’s milk have led to its application in pediatrics; thus, offering valid information to pediatricians on camel’s milk can further enhance the consumption of this natural product.

Background and Cconstipation is recognized as a widespread digestive disorder that influences the quality of life of affected people. The aim of this study was to review Persian and Chinese traditional medicine about constipation and finding the similarities in its etiology, symptoms and treatments and compare them to modern medicine and presenting a consolidated approach for performing joint research to clarify the mechanism which causes the disease and its effective treatments. This article is a review study in which the information was collected through searching PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Civilica, and SID. Clinical articles and related text books without any time limits were studied using specific keywords. Data was then compared, analyzed and adapted and finally a conclusion was drawn. In Persian and Chinese traditional medicine constipation causes difficult temperament and has various causes and treatments. The scientific capability of Chinese and Iranian medicine and their common cultural and scientific aspects could help in designing a new pattern for diagnosis and treatment of constipation. A consolidated approach and joint researches are suggested for clarifying some hidden aspects of this complication and its treatment.

Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas al-Zahrawi, also known as Albucasis, is one of the greatest physicians and surgeons in Islamic world who is best remembered for his medical encyclopedia, Al-Tasrif li man ajaz an-il-talif (An Aid for Those Who Lack the Capacity to Read Big Books). Al-Tasrif li man ajaz an-il-talif (An Aid for Those Who Lack the Capacity to Read Big Books). Al-Tasrif was translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona in 1497 and was considered as a reference book in European universities until the seventeenth century. The original Arabic text of the thirtieth treatise along with the English translation has been published by the university of California in 1973 under the title of “Albucasis on Surgery and Instruments”.This treatise has also been published in Iran. Al-Zahrawi has done a great work in medical sciences, particularly in dentistry, by introducing different surgical methods and instruments, but unfortunately most physicians are not familiar with his efforts and achievements. In this book, Al-Zahrawi presented dental diseases in five parts. In eachchapter, he illustrated different tools and instruments and represented clinical experiences and treatment methods step by step. In this article, we have reviewed innovations, instruments, diseases and patterns of clinical experiences in the field of dentistry which has been introduced by al-Zahrawi, and in addition to honoring the efforts of Islamic scientists and the role of traditional Islamic medicine, we have tried to bestow some of the inspirational experiences of our predecessors which may be used in modern medicine.

Ebola virus disease (formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever) is a severe, often fatal illness, with a death rate of up to 90%. The illness affects humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees). Ebola first appeared in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in a village near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the other in a remote area of Sudan. The origin of the virus is unknown but fruit bats (Pteropodidae) are considered the likely host of the Ebola virus, based on available evidence. In the current outbreak in West Africa, the majority of cases in humans have occurred as a result of human-to-human transmission. Infection occurs from direct contact through broken skin or mucous membranes with the blood, or other bodily fluids or secretions (stool, urine, saliva, semen) of infected people.

Acupuncture is increasingly used in children; however, the safety of pediatric acupuncture has yet to be reported from systematic review. Acupuncture has become a dominant complementary and alternative modality in clinical practice today but its associated risk has been questioned. The National Institutes of Health Consensus Statement states “one of the advantages of acupuncture is that the incidence of adverse effects is substantially lower than that of many drugs or other accepted procedures for the same conditions.

Constipation in children is a common health problem affecting 0.7% to 29.6% children across the world. Exact etiology for developing symptoms is not clear in children and the majority is considered to have functional constipation. Alteration of rectal and pelvic floor function through the brain-gut axis seems to play a crucial role in the etiology. The diagnosis is often a symptom-based clinical process. Recently developed Rome III diagnostic criteria looks promising, both in clinical and research fields. Laboratory investigations such as barium enema, colonoscopy, anorectal manometry and colonic transit studies are rarely indicated except in those who do not respond to standard management. Treatment of childhood constipation involves several facets including education and demystification, toilet training, rational use of laxatives for disimpaction and maintenance and regular follow-up. Surgical options should be considered only when medical therapy fails in long standing constipation.. Complementary and alternative medical therapies and practices are widely employed in the treatment of the children Constipation. This article aims to be a practical guide for paediatricians and primary care physicians, to outline the current etiology an TIM for the medical management of constipation in children.

CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine) therapies have become increasingly popular in pediatric populations. phytotherapy are the most common CAM used in children. Yet, little is known about children’s preferences for CAM. But It is expected to become more widely integrated into the modern medical system, including the medical curriculum.The aim of this study is to introduce the prevalence and characteristics of CAM use in Pediatrics disease. Further research is warranted to examine the safety and effectiveness of this popular non-allopathic approach to children’s health.