pedram hessari

Occupant’s comfort is one of the most important aims of architectural designers, which plays an essential role in various aspects, including spatial organization and visual comfort. In traditional Iranian architecture, living room or guesthouse is the main part of the house. This study aims to examine the visual comfort of the two sides of the landscape, communication and quality of light and glare in the living room space. The research is based on the existing studies and resources and software simulations. The method of collecting data is documents and library. The experimental method will be carried out in terms of spatial communication utilizing Depthmap software and visual comfort using Daysim software. Configuration factors and daylight factors were calculated in six Qajar houses of Mashhad, Iran. Factors such as window orientation, window to floor ratio, depth of space in guest’s space are considered to evaluate their effects on the interior luminous environment, consequently on occupant’s visual comfort. For this purpose, the reception space in six traditional houses of Mashhad city has been studied in terms of spatial communication utilizing Depth map software and visual comfort using Daysim software. The spatial configuration and proportions of houses have the potential to be efficient in visual layering, proper perspective, and glare control of the living rooms. Semi-open spaces such as porches, depth of space, window-to-floor surface ratio can be effective in providing uniform light in space.

The research was purposed to study the psychology of the architectural ambience and women's sense of security in urban environment. The statistical universe of the research included all the psychology and urban environment related to women's security texts. The sample encased all text concerning the psychology of architectural ambience and women's sense of security. The research method was descriptive analytical. To collect data library method and accessible document and references were processed. The results revealed that the indicators of the desired quality of the walls and the permeability of the bodies, readability and familiarity with the neighborhood, natural monitoring of the spaces, the ability to walk and lighting and suitable urban furniture were among the factors that affect women's sense of security when they were in urban spaces. Also, environmental psychological factors including furniture arrangement (lighting arrangement), color, acoustic (sound in office spaces), lighting, quality of sidewalks, vegetation, visible role of the environment, transportation, physical environment and accessibility. adaptability, readability and clarity of routes, access, urban furniture, type of material texture and surrounding body (in urban environment) were important and effective indicators which increased women's sense of security when using the urban environment. The use and appropriateness of public spaces for women's safety is an important issue that in recent years, women's social security in architectural spaces has been considered due to its direct impact on their participation and well-being in society.

Cities need special attention from the aspect of reviving urban nature, because the presence of nature in the city is one of the requirements of sustainable development and a healthy city, and it is very important to promote the quality of life in urban areas. Urban open and green spaces are not only important because of their recreational importance, but also because of the role they play in maintaining and balancing the urban environment, moderating air pollution, and nurturing the residents mentally and physically. Currently, due to sustainable urban development, it is important to examine green space indicators in the spatial planning of cities and population centers. Since the detailed plans are prepared based on the criteria and regulations of comprehensive plans, the importance of green space in these plans is undeniable. This research, which has an applied purpose and is based on the descriptive-analytical method, and its required information has been collected from the library method and field studies of the 22nd district of Tehran, which has been introduced as a sustainable urban area, based on the fact that while identifying and examining the indicators in Consideration of green spaces in urban planning and urban development plans (detailed plan), to check their compatibility (green spaces) with executive plans in the current situation. Using Hierarchical Analysis, this research seeks to determine the priority of the implementation of areas with the use of green space in detailed plans, in order to determine the extent of the deficit of these spaces in the implementation plans by determining the priorities. The results of the research indicate that the green spaces with higher priorities and final weight in the above method in the detailed plans of District 22 of Tehran, District 2 in the implementation stage due to the obstacles, their implementation has not been completed and causes inconsistency in the amount of space Green has been implemented in the current and proposed state of the detailed plan, and on the contrary, areas with a lower final weight have been implemented, which shows that the priorities have not been studied.

Livelihood of nomads is based on animal husbandry and therefore their way of living also depends on this issue. This way of life, which is one of the oldest types of human life, is based on annual migration; In this way, the nomads are forced to change places and find suitable pastures for their livestock.

The purpose of the research:

 to investigate and understand the components of the formation of nomadic settlements in Razavi Khorasan Provinceis.The research methodology of the current study is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. In order to collect information, two documentary methods were used, including reading books, articles, theses, and a survey including field visits, interviews, and questionnaires.

The scope of this research is Khorasan Razavi provinceThe findings and discussion of Razavi Khorasan nomads are generally nomadic, but according to surveys carried out in recent years, some of the nomads of this province, due to the lack of suitable facilities and services, including suitable housing in the towns around Mashhad and a number of The villages of Mashhad have been settled. In this research, by examining the population of the nomads of Razavi Khorasan, the type of residence of the nomads of Razavi Khorasan in Yalaq and Qashlaq, and the effective components in the formation of their housing were studied and investigated.

The findings of the research indicate that the use and integration of the principles governing the life of the nomads of Razavi Khorasan with today's technology can be a step towards enriching the design and implementation of flexible housing for the nomads.

Islamic architecture, as an original feature of design, should be associated with the levels of human presence in space. This research with an analytical and practical method by examining the available verses and hadiths and documents and sources, by following the divine names as the attributes of God in human existence, tries to find solutions in architecture by following the intellect, which is part of the absolute intellect. A human is modeled after the divine architecture (creation) with the perception (concepts) of the divine names and the main goal of the current research is to extract architectural solutions from the divine names in the field of theoretical foundations of architecture in order to influence the foundations of architectural design. The question is about how to use divine names in human life and especially in the field of architectural expertise, which is the main goal of this research. The results of the research show that flexibility in architecture is not a new and new issue, that the modern era is the creator of it, but it is in the existence of the world, so flexibility is considered a must for architecture,

The research intended to study psychological and cultural components of designing allocated to women urban spaces. The research universe enfolded all texts and documents related to urban spaces. The sample encased the topics related to urban spaces allocated to women in Tehran metropolitan. The research method was descriptive analytical procedure. The data was collected via implementing library method. The findings indicated that parks and green spaces for women were one of the important centers of welfare and recreational services, which, in addition to the health and psychological aspect, were very important in sustainable urban development and improving the quality of life of women. The creation of entrepreneurial markets, the use of trained forces in the maintenance of the park and some of their technical issues, and the management of the places would provide a suitable and safe position for a number of women who were looking for work. Women's special parks considered the issue of mental and physical health by allocating a green and free place to use sunlight and sports and recreational facilities; and by concentrating a large number of women in the park and holding educational, health and sports classes, it would address this basic need of the society. Concerning the customs and culture of the people, there was a need to build an open space for women to have fun, exercise and release mental emotions. It was very necessary to consider a special space for women with a special design that matches the culture of the society. According to the religion of Islam, which is the center of society's culture, the construction of women's park not only did not reduce the value of women, but also shows attention to women.

Nomads constitute more than 1.7% of the population of Iran and have a large share of the meat and protein production of the whole country. However, the population of this community is decreasing due to the lack of access to basic facilities and proper housing. Nomads living in tents have exposed them to dangers such as fire, wind, storm, etc.

Purpose of the research:

 This research aims to investigate the practical components in the design of self-sufficient housing compatible with the environment and with portability for the Burwanlu nomadic tribe in Khorasan. This research seeks answers to questions such as what components are effective in designing self-sufficient housing with portability and compatibility with summer and summer climates. Moreover, how can the needs of the nomads of this region be correctly answered for housing according to their type of residence, according to these factors?

The research method is library and field study. First, it examines the concepts of portable housing, self-sufficient housing, nomadic society and definitions related to nomadic society and the characteristics of housing and the type of residence and how to integrate them with the climate of the place of residence. Next, a type of housing compatible with the climate and the influential atmospheric factors of temperature and humidity were investigated, and the temperature and humidity change range diagrams were drawn and studied according to the location of the summer cottage area. Ultimately, new and smart materials, analysis and solutions were provided for this community's housing construction.

Geographical area of research: 

The scope of this research is the nomads of Brivanlu tribe in Khorasan, Iran.

From the examination of the temperature and humidity graphs of summer cottages areas, it can be concluded that nomadic housing should have a total humidity change between 1 and 100%, and in the summer house, the temperature is above zero degrees to above 40 degrees. Also, the housings should protect people in temperatures less than -16.9 degrees and more than 33 degrees.

Overall results showed, for the construction of housing, materials should be used that are light and portable and compatible with these climate changes.

Architectural design and construction processes have grown a lot from the past to the present day, and the principles of traditional Iranian architecture design that have left overwhelming buildings and responsive to the needs of every user, are forgotten. One of the most effective ways to understand the space structure of traditional space buildings is to understand the special configuration. Due to the importance of educational use in the education of the future makers of each community, many research has been done to present the principles of optimal design and appropriate educational spaces. Extraction of the Iranian Iranian mosque - schools and their design principles give researchers and designers insights in the field of educational space design.Research Question: Can the Qajar mosque -schools in Tehran be extracted and discovered their spatial configuration and structure by using space syntax technique? Which Qajar mosque - schools have the highest and lowest syntax index? Which mosque-school building has the highest number of syntax indices?Article Goals: This study aimed at extracting the mosque-schools of the Qajar period in Tehran and to achieve the spatial structure of the educational spaces of that time. The spatial structure of the buildings can be achieved by using the results obtained from Deep Map software that analyzes indicators in the configuration of buildings. The spatial structure and configuration of the buildings can be achieved by using the results obtained from UCL Depth Map software (integration, control, choice, depth, visual and axial connectivity) that analyzes syntactic indices in the configuration of buildings. With the results of the analysis obtained from Depth Map software, which is provided in graph and number, the lowest and highest amount of syntax indices in spaces is examined. It is possible to compare the values between the buildings under study by output from the analysis of Depth Map software in the form of tables and numbers.

The research method of this article consists of two parts: The first part of the studies in a library based on valid sources available. The second part is data analysis based on the syntactic approach of space using the UCL Depth Map software for extracting the configuration of the mosque-schools of Qajar in Tehran. For this purpose, after the draw of the buildings in AutoCAD software, their DEX file has been entered into the UCL Depth Map Software for analysis.

With the technique of space syntax and the use of UCL Depth Map software, we can find the configuration and space structure of traditional Iranian buildings in which the Qajar Mosque-Schools were selected as examples. The results of the software analysis of this method, which are presented as graphs and numbers, allow the amount of syntactic index in the buildings and these values in the studied buildings have been investigated. According to the findings of this study, the highest amount of "intedration" for the Mirza Musa Mosque-School, was the highest "choice", "depth" and "visual and axial connectivity" for the new Sepahsalar School (shahid motahari). Due to the same amount of "control" index in most buildings, the lowest is stated in the mosque-School of Hakim Bashi (Mirza Mahmoud Wazir).

Absence of identity, lack of attachment to a place, and ignorance of history, nature, and climate, have created diverse problems for the architecture of different regions. A practical solution to improve the architectural condition is to study the vernacular architecture and the original architectural patterns in every region. The vernacular architecture reemphasizes the valuable architectural and cultural background of that region. In addition, the recognition and introduction of architectural patterns can resolve many cultural, social, and developmental needs in that region. Some places in the geographical area of Iran, despite their rich architectural background and valuable buildings, are less known and studied. Boroujerd city in Lorestan province is one of these areas.

This study aims to identify and categorize the physical-spatial factors used in vernacular buildings of the Sufian neighborhood in Boroujerd and to evaluate their impact on vernacular buildings.

A combination of two research methods was used in two steps in this study. In the first step, the descriptive-analytical method was used to understand the physical-spatial patterns. In the second step, the TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the recognized patterns. Moreover, bibliographic research using related documents and resources, field observations, and questionnaires were used as the research tools.

This study seeks to identify the spatial-physical patterns used in vernacular housing of the Sufian neighborhood. These patterns include spatial building components, decorations, building materials, and climatic features. Finally, using a questionnaire and TOPSIS method, it is determined that the most significant physical-spatial patterns in vernacular housing of the Sufian neighborhood in Boroujerd are the building materials and construction techniques.

The result of this study is the classification of physical-spatial patterns of constructions of buildings in Boroujerd city, which include spatial constituent elements, decorations used in native buildings, building materials of different parts of the building and effects A climate is created in the emergence of indigenous buildings in the Sufi neighborhood of Boroujerd, and finally the most important patterns are identified separately using the TOPSIS method.

Increasing trends in the design of architectural environments in the past, among art and architecture theorists, can be seen as the result of a change in the construction process from the past to the present. One of the methods that helps to read and understand architecture from the past to the present is spatial configuration. Spatial configuration emphasizes the formation of coherent spatial relationships in a set to meet the needs of users and their comfort and convenience. Therefore, using the concept of spatial configuration, we can see the changes that have taken place over time in housing, as well as the evolution of housing from traditional to contemporary in a region and region. To understand and explain spatial configuration, one must look for a suitable method that meets environmental characteristics. In order to quantify and make more tangible understanding of spatial configuration, the method of spatial arrangement is used. It is in this neighborhood over time the historical context of Boroujerd consists of four neighborhoods, including Dodangeh, Sufian, Qadqun, and Yakhchal. Due to its antiquity, Sufian neighborhood is the oldest neighborhood in the city and has the most historically qualified houses. For this purpose, ten houses in this historical context, which includes five Qajar period and the other five are contemporary, selected so that changes in the level of their spatial configuration can be recognized over time. The method of conducting this research is a combination and in fact it includes descriptive analytical methods and logical reasoning. In simple language, this research is divided into two main parts in terms of research method. The first part of the research, which has a qualitative approach, consists of two steps. The first step involves library and documentary studies. In this step, by referring to first-hand sources and documents, the concepts of housing, spatial configuration and spatial arrangement method, as well as the research platform, which is the city of Boroujerd and the Sufi neighborhood, are identified. The second step also includes observation and the harvest is field. In this step, according to the research topic, ten traditional and contemporary houses of Boroujerd Sufi neighborhood have been randomly selected, of which five are related to the Qajar period and five are the number of the period. Contemporary and recent years have been selected. The second part includes a quantitative approach. In this section, the maps of selected houses on different scales are analyzed by space configuration. This method is obtained after modeling the maps in Auto Cad software, and the maps are entered into the UCL Depth Map 10 software. This software calculates the space configuration variables for each part of the house. Slowly and ultimately, using logical reasoning, the results are expressed. The research findings show that in public housing, public and private spaces have interfered with each other and are no longer separable and valuable. The former multifunctional rooms have been converted into single-function rooms that are influenced by individualism and the type of objects and furniture. The entrances do not create privacy as before, and the limited view from the alley into the interior has become a kind of communication space without details. This means that there are many changes in the contemporary housing of the Sufian neighborhood over time.

Because flexibility makes it possible for people to change their living conditions more optimally during their lifetime according to their changing circumstances and needs. Accordingly, the flexibility of the past has been the focus of designers. Investigating the principle of flexibility as one of the factors in increasing the quality of life in people's lives, considering the rich history of Iranian architecture in this field, is an important and noteworthy discussion. This paper seeks to identify the relationship between components and strategies in order to identify the relationship between the components of flexibility versus the strategies of flexibility. So the answer to the question is, "What is the relationship between the components of flexibility and its strategies according to the characteristics of each of them?" Because identifying the relationship between flexibility components and flexibility strategies is a complex process, this research can serve as a basis for basic research to identify the relationship between flexibility components versus its strategies. This paper uses the causal process method to identify the relationship between components and flexibility strategies in order to answer the question in a few steps by establishing a causal relationship between the material being studied and discussed. The causal process is a kind of logical connection of propositions and concepts, which can ultimately be the result of the connection between propositions and concepts. The basis of any qualitative research is based on the presentation of theory. It is important to take steps to develop knowledge and add to the awareness of people and to create a theory. Three methods are used to create theories: rules 8, based on axioms 9, and causal process 10. The causal process is defined as a set of definite or probable causal propositions that describe one or more processes with a causal mechanism that characterize the effect of one or more independent variables on one or more dependent variables .The causal process is used to create and create different theories in the field of knowledge. In such theories, the theory is first formed and evaluated in a logical system with the help of scientific propositions related to each concept. The causal process, in general, communicates the answers to research questions in a few steps by communicating between the concepts and keywords of the fields of study. Also, the method of collecting information in this research is based on library and documentary studies. Understanding the concepts, components, and strategies of flexibility in architecture is one of the most important parts of the research process. Following this knowledge, it is possible to construct the communicative propositions of the components and strategies of flexibility. Logical communication between components and strategies leads to the construction of causal propositions of communication and the explanation of the relationship between them. In this research, first, the issue of flexibility and its importance is examined and then this word will be explained from the point of view of experts. In the next step, the concept of flexibility will be described according to its components and strategies, and the structural and fundamental principles and characteristics of each of the components and strategies will be stated. In the last step and after the described steps, the components and strategies of flexibility and their relationship expression are evaluated. The results of this study indicate that the strategy of building systems as well as service spaces is the same component of flexible segregation and aggregation; Acceptable is the same as the equipping strategy for using space flexibility.

The principle of flexibility, as an environmental capability of meeting various uses compatible with people’s various goals, is one of the significant approaches to housing architecture. In Western architecture, this issue has been widely raised with an organized structure after World War I, while in Iranian architecture, it is inherently evident in traditional housing. Unfortunately, due to lack of sufficient knowledge of this principle and the reasons for its use in traditional housing, flexibility has become known as a modern western innovation by people, with the phenomenon of globalization, its western appearance has entered the contemporary architecture of Iran, and even changed the lifestyle of the Iranian people. The present study is descriptive-analytic research in which the factors forming a flexible housing, flexibility typology, and constructive elements of the western and Iranian flexible residential architectures are studied comparatively. The results show that flexibility in Iranian traditional house has originality based on needs, abilities, and knowledge raised at that time and is fully in line with the standards set at modern times and claimed by western architecture. The most important difference between the two is the issue of privacy, which has been ignored in the use of Western design structures in the Iranian context, leading to the change of Iranian lifestyle. By understanding this issue, this social dimension of housing (i.e. privacy) can be considered in the flexibility issue to see the richness of this concept in Iranian architecture

Already in a variety of buildings with different uses, what would seem more architectural design, the changes after utilization by users that this change in terms of non-compliance with design requirements and not due to changes in other aspects, such as engineering and pre-operation. Sometimes encountered with a sudden change in the design process and according to the traditional structure of the design process, this change does not apply in other dimensions and design errors during the operation, to show the changes will be binding, it could be next a model to follow design changes and pre-operation would lead to elimination; as necessary. Building Information Modeling (BIM) by removing complexity in the design, manufacturing, integration of information with possible changes in the other components of the structure, anticipate and reduce errors after the operation and construction. With technology development, process improvement and change the industry has improved, but still compact construction industry based on the traditional process, with the architectural design or building design, constructed by contractors. This is while, the building of new systems and due to the changing demands of the employer, are very complex, so that we add to this complexity, architects, owners and contractors to align themselves with these developments, in the wake of Operation changes into the design drawn on the body, it's important to be consistent and comprehensiveness of information between other elements of building construction creates a problem, since more of the architect's plans need to be integrated and followed this interference with the program at all stages make a pre-operation. In fact, building information modeling, a new change in the design and construction industry is documenting, modeling, building information, information about the whole building gives us the full documentation and integration into a database gives us. All of these parameters are therefore connected to each other, any change in the model of an object, the entire project will affect all aspects, building information modeling, data includes actual building is only two-dimensional maps, which are common Maps drawn with CAD found not formed. Building Information Modeling, a common mistake is called as a digital model generated by CAD software in a process known as Building Information Modeling. Construction industry due to the large number of documents it is much more complicated than ever. BIM new promising tool in architecture, engineering and construction industry, which will build a virtual model before the actual construction of buildings on the main field allows information. In fact, this model designs because this method, using the building information and it is also the most important stage design. Building and weaknesses through analysis software is documented. In enhancing the effectiveness of the do the right thing, in this method, two-dimensional plan was rejected and assessments in specific applications with methods to identify the areas and their dimensions are considered qualities, at different times of exposure, etc. is checked.
In the construction of a project, including design partnership with the consultancy, construction and post-run (after the operation) is, in fact semantic knowledge building must be provided, building information model, common architecture Other aspects of the project such as building provides structural and semantic knowledge, based on continuous improvement approach, which supports the evolutionary changes simply and recovery. It improves with time-saving schematic design, design changes and development, creation and coordination between the various elements of project design and control documents in advance of the operation increases productivity. The main objective of this study was to develop methods to improve the architectural design stage before an exploit is in fact to determine the effectiveness promoter factors, using the building information model, the final design is done. The rise of the more complex, faster and build sustainable development in the form of improved technology makes BIM drawing because the traditional activities are not able to meet these pressures. It is hoped that with the widespread use of building information modeling in the field of construction, the cost of future performance and reduced use and improved performance of the operation to reduce errors. The Building Information Modeling as an innovative way to design, construction of process before and after the operation, implementation and management, compared with more traditional methods of design and attitude as human activities that model, instead of seeing it as an object-oriented approach or a special software. In fact, BIM improves the automation industry and process two-dimensional animation project, has been integrated into the workflow in the batch process, the ability of computing, networking and data information and knowledge society maximized and errors are reduced.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) by removing complexity in the design, manufacturing, integration of information with possible changes in the other components of the structure, anticipate and reduce errors after the operation and construction. With technology development, process improvement and change the industry has improved, but still compact construction industry based on the traditional process, with the architectural design or building design, constructed by contractors. This is while, the building of new systems and due to the changing demands of the employer, are very complex, so that we add to this complexity, architects, owners and contractors to align themselves with these developments, in the wake of Operation changes into the design drawn on the body, it's important to be consistent and comprehensiveness of information between other elements of building construction creates a problem, since more of the architect's plans need to be integrated and followed this interference with the program at all stages make a pre-operation. In fact, building information modeling, a new change in the design and construction industry is documenting, modeling, building information, information about the whole building gives us the full documentation and integration into a database gives us. All of these parameters are therefore connected to each other, any change in the model of an object, the entire project will affect all aspects, building information modeling, data includes actual building is only two-dimensional maps, which are common Maps drawn with CAD found not formed. Building Information Modeling, a common mistake is called as a digital model generated by CAD software in a process known as Building Information Modeling. Construction industry due to the large number of documents it is much more complicated than ever. BIM new promising tool in architecture, engineering and construction industry, which will build a virtual model before the actual construction of buildings on the main field allows information. In fact, this model designs because this method, using the building information and it is also the most important stage design. Building and weaknesses through analysis software is documented. In enhancing the effectiveness of the do the right thing, in this method, two-dimensional plan was rejected and assessments in specific applications with methods to identify the areas and their dimensions are considered qualities, at different times of exposure, etc. is checked. BIM improves the automation industry and process two-dimensional animation project, has been integrated into the workflow in the batch process, the ability of computing, networking and data information and knowledge society maximized and errors are reduced.

Sustainable urban development can be pursued by utilizing all the elements and spaces available in the cities. There are vacant useless spaces in the cities that while are of no visual benefits, have many potential capacities. Urban lost spaces – as dynamic potential spaces in developing stability elements and sustainable development purposes having indices and potential abilities – are worth repairing and recreating. To make the transferability potential of these spaces into green space land use practical, they should be studied and influential factors in improving the design with environmental approach must be investigated to increase the environmental efficiency of these spaces. It could be said that by determining priorities and valued hierarchy, with sustainable green spaces developmental approach, efficient spaces need to be recognized based on the priorities to properly utilize the capacities and capitals.In this research, using analytic-practical approach, the ABCs of lost spaces and determining factors in their formation were first investigated against such indexes as: spaces with garbage accumulation index, destruction, abandoned, unpleasant visual, defenseless space sense, place for gangs and tramps, unplanned and without specified land use; through library and field studies. Then four places were identified with these characteristics in Akhound neighborhood through case study. Finally, based on the purpose of changing their land use to green spaces, and by using hierarchical analysis method with Expert Choice software and Qazvin Municipal Urban Affair Department experts’ opinions, the potentials of transferring lost spaces in Akhound neighborhood were prioritized based on such indexes as: suitable area, population density, distance from available green space, green space use in the detailed plan, access to available communication network, and vicinity to available educational centers as well as residential centers. Based on the results, identified space number one with final weigh of 0.337 was the first priority in developing green spaces, and places number two, three, and four with the value of 0.282, 0.223, and 0.158 respectively, were in the later priorities, showing that, based on order of presentation, the priorities had less efficiency and suitability to be repaired and transferred into green spaces.

One of the most significant issues discussed in human habitats, which is of special and particularimportance is the outlook toward the habitat and vernacular issues. Ignoring various social, cultural, political, economic and vernacular issues of each habitat will cause planning in that habitat to encounter unsolvable challenges. Therefore it seems that we should start somewhere for every shortterm or long - term strategic planning for various habitats. The biological specifications as well as the potential and actual social and natural capabilities of each region are among the priorities in studying each habitat. A primary introduction with tradition and habitat as well as distinctions, semantic and functional sharing of them can make a well - strengthened back ground in this regard. Applying the scientific techniques while at the same time, considering the feasibility ofthe field being studied can create a special sample of the norms which is in accordance with its basic function. In the case of architecture, by considering the land (habitat) while balancing the requirements of the users including culture and temperament and on the contrary, considering the fact that it constantly induces the past tradition while it’s emphasizing the fact that today is the past of tomorrow and it will become a pattern in the habitat, will eventually create an integration called an architecture with identity. As a result we can say that habitat is born from tradition and tradition is born from habitat. Whenever they act beside each other, only one of them emerges faster than the other and that is why the architecture is called vernacular and traditional. The present research made by the help of library studies and fundamental analysis, tries to point out the development of architecture from tradition to habitat and from habitat to tradition. This will eventually show that the habitat is the outcome of the tradition and tradition is born by habitat and the two together by considering the time, name the traditional and vernacular architecture. It is hoped that this study could be successful in taking a step in introducing the cognitive factors of vernacular and traditional architectures and removing any probable similarities and contradictions in this regard. We hope this study can be a help in creating the architecture with identity coordinated with the community.

Housing and settlement are general concepts neither from spatial nor geographical point of view. They rather follow the economic، social، cultural and climatic conditions of each region. Therefore the problems، issues and settlement limitations of different income groups have their own unique features and characteristics. The nature، deficiencies and demands of settlement based on income of different social classes is different. It is obvious that each demands its own solution. One of these solutions is flexible housing. Modern building systems make certain types of flexibility possible in designing and as a result they make improvement possible. While common building systems have not been designed for change. Any change in the form of a building will be accompanied with the destruction of all or part of that building. In order to enhance the capacity for change in the buildings، construction should mostly focus on building’s productivity as well as the innovative methods of construction، so that it can create more flexible structures، the elements of which can be easily replaced، reused or recycled. The previous and current methods of mass-construction lacks a reasonable balance between the functional and esthetic aspects. They also lack the capacity for privatization for the residents of the building. Mass-construction can be developed and improved by applying industrial designing approaches. The present research studies prefabrication approach industry and modular in flexible housing. Flexible housing is designed in a way to easily meet the demands of the changes of life and adapt with the conditions. The advantages of such an approach in designing are significant. Such a design has a more capability of being used for a more period of time، is more adapted with the goal، adapts with the experience and intervention of the user، has a more economic and ecological perdurability and easily enjoys the advantages of technical innovations. Considering the demands of the users and time limitations، this advantage proposes the modular and pre-made industry. Pre-made housing is considered as an ultra-time and possible attraction for this task. Therefore، it is essential that a planned system acts along the pre making in order to provide flexibility in housing architecture and prevent it from becoming monotonous. This is modular which provides the possibility of interventions or reductions in flexible housing. Thus the aim of this study which has been carried out by library and comparative method is to investigate flexible housing in the contemporary period using modular and premade property. In this way the architect finds an opportunity to produce creative icons with reduction in expense and time and meets the demands for life change of users during their residence. One of the main goals in applying the principles of modular coordinating system is leading the building toward a collection of basic standard scales. Compatibility causes the user to enjoy the same system in various situations. As a result; numerous systems are replaced with one system. Yet، the functions of compatibility have to be easily applicable by the user. Throughout its life، a compatible system is replaced with a great number of systems. This as a result will lead to saving in money، storeroom space and the charges of installation. Later، while dealing with housing design، the concepts of flexibility and compatibility are defined. Then by pointing out the advantages of flexibility in housing، the functional technologies and methods in construction and production with the origin of pre-fabrication and modular are discussed.

Industrial development, population growth and increase in commutation between cities and villages as well as the mass media and investigation in rural constructions made in the contemporary period, have brought about numerous instances of plans or constructed rural buildings with types of chaos in plan, choice of building system, organs, functional elements and quality of construction and performance. These chaos will be manifested when residents start to operate the buildings, causing their dissatisfaction and can be a factor of creating inappropriate social, cultural and economic conditions in future. Architecture as a container involving all aspects of man's life, will here cause discontent with an inappropriate realization. Part of this chaos whose results will be more evident at the time of operation, is ignoring or paying less attention to the goals of frugality in energy consumption and design in harmony with environment and climate which has a surprising effect on the welfare and hygiene of the residents and will influence customs, traditions and life style of the villagers beside economic outcomes. This impacts will eventually damage sustainability and finally the village. Rural sustainable development with economic-social and environmental approaches will be possible by gathering all aspects of the village. In order to establish sustainability in the village, the outlook should be from part to whole. Considering the subject of this study, housing as a part can act as a whole that if accurately planned and performed, can be a realization of sustainability and an appropriate step toward sustainable development. Being compiled by studies in available documents, this paper tries to elaborate the factors affecting changes in rural construction and its proper function in village development and take steps in continuing rural housing architecture and as a basic element, cause sustainability in villages by offering appropriate strategies.