yaghoub norouzi

The management of digital resources in national libraries involves significant challenges, particularly in selecting, maintaining, and ensuring long-term accessibility. A crucial element in this process is the storage format of digital resources, which directly affects both the preservation of materials and their usability over time. Below are key reasons why the choice of resource storage formats is important for national libraries:Long-Term Preservation: National libraries manage vast collections of digital materials, from texts to multimedia resources. Choosing a storage format that ensures long-term preservation is essential to prevent data loss over time due to format obsolescence. National Libraries often face challenges of format obsolescence. The right choice of format can minimize the need for complex emulation or migration strategies, which are resource-intensive.Interoperability and Accessibility: Digital collections in national libraries need to be accessible across various platforms, devices, and operating systems. International standards and guidelines, such as those from the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), guide the choice of formats that facilitate interoperability. Adopting these standards ensures that digital resources are accessible not only to national users but also internationally. This is especially important for cultural heritage materials that may be used globally.Efficiency in Storage and Retrieval: When dealing with large-scale collections, efficient storage formats help minimize infrastructure costs. The speed at which data can be retrieved from a storage system is influenced by the format of the resources. Formats that are optimized for efficient access improve search and retrieval times, facilitating quick access to resources for users.Metadata Preservation and Integration: National libraries depend heavily on metadata to ensure that digital objects are easily discoverable and appropriately categorized. Standardized formats are crucial for integrating digital collections with national library cataloging systems and facilitating interoperability between different systems. National libraries must ensure that thedigital resources they store are secure and protected from corruption.User Experience and Engagement: National libraries serve diverse audiences, ranging from academic researchers to the general public. Formats that are easily navigable (e.g., HTML or EPUB for e-books) improve user engagement and accessibility. Interactive or multimedia content (e.g., video, audio) in open formats can provide richer, more engaging experiences. Formats like Unicode-based text formats (e.g., UTF-8) allow for the preservation of multiple languages and scripts, making national library collections accessible to diverse communities, including those with specific linguistic or cultural needs.Legal and Copyright Considerations: Formats may also play a role in how digital rights and licensing information are embedded and protected. Open formats allow for the inclusion of rights management information without reliance on proprietary systems, ensuring proper management of copyrighted materials. The use of appropriate formats for the digital storage of copyrighted content can aid in enforcing digital rights management (DRM) policies. Formats like encrypted PDF or DRM-protected EPUB help libraries protect content according to legal guidelines.Cost-Effectiveness: Choosing the right storage formats can have a significant impact on cost management for national libraries. Open-source and standardized formats tend to be cost-effective compared to proprietary systems that may involve licensing fees, additional maintenance costs, or vendor lock-in. National Libraries must invest in ensuring the longevity and accessibility of their digital collections. By choosing widely accepted formats with strong community support, national libraries can reduce ongoing maintenance and conversion costs associated with less popular or proprietary formats.So, the importance of selecting the right resource storage formats in national libraries cannot be overstated. A well-chosen format ensures the long-term preservation, accessibility, and efficient management of digital collections. It also contributes to the overall mission of national libraries to serve as custodians of cultural heritage, making materials accessible to a global audience while protecting them for future generations. Standardized, open, and widely supported formats are crucial in meeting these objectives, enabling national libraries to optimize their digital storage solutions while maintaining flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and long-term sustainability.

Literature Review:

The results of Sullivan (2006), Thomas & Martin (2006), Hodge & Anderson (2007), Rog & Van Wijk (2008), Van der Knijff (2011), Barabucci & et al (2011), Morrissey (2012), Hajtnik (2012), Jackson (2012), Koo & Chou(2013), Rimkus & et al(2014), Uherek & et al (2015), Termens & et al (2015), Delaney & De Jong(2015), Baratè & et al (2015), Rimkus & Witmer (2016), Anyim (2021), Trianggoro & Prasetyadi (2022) research showed selecting the right format and storage standard for digital collections is a multi-faceted decision that balances accessibility, preservation, interoperability, and user experience. Ensuring that digital collections are presented in a way that aligns with these standards maximizes their utility and longevity. It highlights that while digital libraries have evolved from physical spaces, the principles and practices of resource storage have undergone significant changes. Previous research has addressed these issues, but often as sub-components rather than focusing on them comprehensively. The review indicates that long-term preservation and storage have not been fully explored in the literature.This research aims to identify successful national solutions for preserving and storing resources effectively in digital libraries. In essence, the study seeks to provide a more integrated approach to addressing storage and preservation issues in digital libraries, taking into account both the technological and organizational practices in use today. This effort is important for ensuring that digital resources remain accessible and usable over time, despite the challenges posed by rapid technological change and shifting formats.

This article identifies the use of a variety of standard formats for storing video, text, multimedia, and audio resources in the digital collections of 20 selected national libraries around the world. This study is applied, based on the descriptive-analytical method. For data collection, we used a researcher-made questionnaire. After collecting data, a variety of descriptive statistical techniques such as frequency distribution and frequency percentage and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data.

Based on the results, it was found that image sources were used in all studied collections and cultural objects were less popular with a share of 41%, for TIFF image sources (94%); HTML and XML text sources (75%); WAV audio sources (65%) and AVI multimedia sources (65%) were the most common. Switzerland had the greatest variety in the use of a variety of standards. Also, among the research community, Iran, Britain, the United States, Scotland, Qatar, the Netherlands, France, and Spain had the greatest diversity in storing a variety of digital resources. The statistical community was consistent in using standard formats for a variety of visual, textual, and multimedia resources and followed a similar pattern in selecting storage formats.

The research community had the least amount of diversity of use in the field of multimedia resource storage. Research findings emphasize the use of EPUB for ease of reading books on e-readers, and GP3 was recommended to increase the usability of the mobile version of the digital library, WARC as a special format for web archiving, for long-term protection of digital content of national libraries, because these three formats had the lowest usage in the statistical community.

This study aims to identify and prioritize the services provided by public libraries during disasters, focusing on their roles before, during, and after such events.

The research, applied in purpose and descriptive-survey in method, utilized the fuzzy Delphi technique and the Best Worst Method (BWM) to analyze the opinions of 62 public library librarians and 11 library science experts in Iran.

The resulting model outlines 33 services categorized into pre-disaster (14 services), during-disaster (12 services), and post-disaster (7 services). Services during disasters were deemed the most critical, followed by pre-disaster and post-disaster services. Key services include implementing mobile health ambassador libraries, forming voluntary campaigns among librarians, and establishing specialized groups to assess immediate library needs.

Public libraries hold a vital role in disaster response and recovery due to their mission of equal access and community support. This study proposes a localized, actionable model of library services to enhance disaster management in Iran.

Value: 

By addressing the unique needs of communities during crises, public libraries can significantly contribute to disaster preparedness and recovery, reinforcing their role as safe havens and resource hubs.

The present study investigated the degree of overlap of keywords extracted from interface elements in the representation of text documents using the "Rapid Automatic Keyphrase Extraction Algorithm." In this research, the "Rapid Automatic Keyphrase Extraction Algorithm" was used.Keywords were extracted from a dataset including 500 scientific articles in five different subject groups. Then, the overlap between the keywords of the title, abstract, and keywords of the authors was examined. The results showed that the overlap between title keywords and authors' keywords was about 45%, and the overlap between abstract keywords and authors' keywords was about 18%. Further, it was observed that the keywords of the title covered 22% of the keywords of the abstract. The results also showed that the overlap and dispersion between the keywords of the abstract and the keywords of the authors and between the keywords of the abstract and the keywords of the title were balanced and almost the same. However, it was observed that the keywords of the title and the keywords of the authors were more scattered, which indicates the possibility of more overlap between the keywords of the title and the keywords of the author of an article compared to the keywords of the abstract and the keywords of the author, as well as the keywords of the abstract and the keywords of the title. Is. In addition, there was a good understanding of the concepts and topics of the research field in the fields of psychology and public administration, while the need to improve and strengthen the knowledge of concepts was observed in the fields of information technology and public law. The amount of overlap between abstract keywords and authors' keywords in five subject groups was about 20%. Appropriate use of keywords, writing abstracts with content in harmony with the topic and choosing suitable titles can help to improve the process of extracting concepts, storing and retrieving scientific articles, including that keywords, abstracts and titles can be used as input for algorithms for extracting concepts, as well As parts of the information storage structure, they can contribute significantly to the speed of users' access to the information they need and as input for information retrieval algorithms for quick access to related articles.

Color is one of the most important elements of any user interface and plays an important role in user interface design. So, it is used as a means for communicating and engaging with users on the websites. The main aim of this research is to analyze the use of color in the design of the user interface of educational websites with based on meta-synthesis approach.

This study was done using a qualitative method and a meta-synthesis approach. The seven-stage model devised by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) was employed for collecting the needed data. Out of the 184 retrieved articles and theses, 27 works were selected and analyzed. Thematic content analysis was then employed for coding and categorizing the findings. The statistical population includes articles and theses on the user interface of educational websites, extracted from domestic and international scientific databases in Persian language from 1390 to 1402 and in Latin language from 1984 to 2023. Then it was done based on the thematic content analysis of the researches, coding and categorization.

Analysis of researches in the field of color application in the design of the user interface of the educational website, which led to the identification of three general categories and 18 components. The main categories in this field include the fields of using color in designing the user interface of educational websites, using color in designing the user interface of educational websites, and using color in covering the subject area. In designing the user interface of educational websites.

The study showed that Consistent results of checking color in user interface design are not seen on all websites. Therefore, in the context section, researchers pay attention to their commercial, news, entertainment and entertainment websites in the context section, which is less thought about the topic. In the section on the applications of colors, researchers have shown the topic of attractiveness and beauty of the website, helping to increase the needs of users by designers, attractiveness of the website and cognitive processing of users, culture and understanding of users from the website, the effect of color on the characteristics of cultural attention has been shown.

 The pillars of national security based on Iran’s 20-Year Vision Document may be achieved in the dimensions of social, economic, political, cultural, military, defense, and environmental security. The present article aims to identify and introduce the top research in each area by monitoring the scientific output in this field in the country. 

 The present research is an applied research with a scientometric approach conducted cross-sectionally between 2001 and 2023. A total of 6,554 indexed articles on national security in the ISC database were quantitatively reviewed to identify the top scientific outputs and important research topics in national security in Iran. Scientific maps were drawn using bibliometrics in R and VOSviewer software.    

 The trend of scientific production was upward, and the highest number of publications in all fields was between 2013 and 2018. The analysis of the statistical population showed that most of the research was conducted on social security, accounting for 42.05% of all national security outputs. Economic security with 19.49% and political security with 14.82% respectively ranked second and third. The journal “Studies of Social Security” was recognized as the leading journal with 460 articles in the field of social security and 26 articles in the field of cultural security. The scientific monthly “Economic Security” in the field of economic security; “Strategic Studies” in the fields of military security, political security, and environmental security published the most articles, and the journal “Defense Policy” was recognized as the superior in the field of defense security. The research journal “Law and Order Security” had the highest impact factor (1.96) and the journal “Environmental Science and Technology” had the highest accumulative citation (467).

 Geopolitical issues and the orientation of Iran’s foreign policy in the international system, legitimizing the system, cyber threats, and governance of media and social networks require further research to achieve scientific maturity in the field of national security.

The article was carried out with the aim of evaluating the user interface of Persian web pages of Iranian museums

The research is of an applied type and it was carried out by a survey method of the type of Heuristic Evaluation. The statistical population of the research includes 10 museum websites under the supervision of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage of Iran. The research tool is the evaluation list based on the criteria found in the texts and sources including 10 main indicators and 103 sub-components. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman test were used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that among the 10 main indicators, the criteria of simplicity, error correction and user interface language scored 100%, 98.13% and 97.51%, respectively. The criteria of user control and search had the lowest compliance with the components of the evaluation list with 21.9% and 26.83%, respectively. Among the statistical population. Niavaran Museum site had the highest level of quality compliance with 71.71% and Iran Communication Museum had the lowest level of quality compliance with the evaluation list with 42.52%.

The results of the investigation of the research hypothesis showed that the studied museum sites differ in respect of user interface evaluation indicators, and the websites of the studied museums have acted differently in terms of compliance with the indicators. The results showed that the studied sites were able to score more than 50% on the criteria of guidance, information display, and guidance, but they scored less than 50% on the criteria of search, coherence, page design, user interface, user control, and error correction. Considering the role and importance of these criteria in increasing the satisfaction of users from the museum website, it is recommended to upgrade the existing situation by the custodians of the museum website under study.

Recently, the development of artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction has highlighted the increasing importance of language challenges in information retrieval. The crucial role of language in disseminating, accessing, and retrieving information cannot be studied independently of syntax and semantics. Explaining and describing research in this field from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives, and understanding researchers' trends, is an important step in comprehending the significance of syntax and semantics in communication structures within modern information search and retrieval environments. Consequently, in this descriptive and analytical study, we conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of studies in the field of syntax and semantics in information retrieval.

Literature Review:

In recent years, there has been a lot of interdisciplinary research focusing on investigating the impact of language on the interaction between users and the web environment. These studies have discussed the language from various perspectives and have explored information retrieval across different types of information media, including web databases, search engines, commercial websites, and libraries. Tapsai (2019), Norouzi and Hamavandi (2018), Hammo (2009), Lazarinis (2008), Ofoghi, Yearwood & Ghosh (2006) have focused on different languages such as Persian, English, Arabic, and Greek. The findings show that the syntax and morphology, as well as the semantics of searched terms and phrases, have a significant impact on the retrieval of results. In addition, search tools tend to rely more on the general form of words instead of focusing on the real needs of users in order to improve the search process.Due to the huge amount of information on the World Wide Web and the challenges related to information retrieval, researchers and software developers have turned to the Semantic Web to keep up with the changes. The Semantic Web has provided a large amount of structured and machine-understandable information on a wide range of topics (Guha, McCool & Miller, 2003). Semantic models perform well in identifying and recognizing synonyms, similar words, and semantic frameworks. Therefore, one of the most important challenges in the field of information storage and retrieval is to bridge the gap between the language used by information seekers and information providers (Rezaee Sharifabadi et al., 2010).
The current study aims to systematically review previous research findings on syntax and semantics in information storage and retrieval across different contexts. Each context represents different dimensions of knowledge representation systems, from traditional to semantics. Upon reviewing the research, it was found that no systematic review has been conducted with a focus on syntax and semantics in the field of information retrieval.

In this qualitative research using Aveyard’s systematic review method, we aim to address the following questions:What is the statistical status of studies in the field of syntax and semantics in storing and retrieving information?What are the main subject areas that researchers have focused on in studies related to syntax and semantics in storing and retrieving information?What research methods and approaches have researchers employed in this field?What are the research gaps and areas that require further study in this field?To gather relevant sources from information databases, we selected search keywords based on the research questions. Then, we used search strategies and various operators to combine the keywords and phrases, ensuring acomprehensive and effective search in Persian databases such as Magiran, Irandoc, SID, NoorMagz, ISC, and Civilica, as well as databases including Scopus, Emerald, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. There was no time limitation for the search. We recorded accepted sources such as articles and theses that were relevant and valid. By removing irrelevant and duplicate sources, we selected 12 Persian sources and 42 English sources. After categorizing, the studies were analyzed according to the type of source, research method, and tool. The results of the analysis of the studies were presented in the form of tables and graphs.

The selected studies were categorized into three groups (their characteristics were described in detail): information retrieval, information organization, and information search based on the analysis of keywords and subjects raised in the sources. The results of the study revealed that among the 54 reviewed studies, Iranian researchers had conducted the most research in the field of syntax and semantics in information retrieval, with 12 studies. The United States followed with 5 studies, and China and Vietnam tied for third place with 4 studies each. The majority of the studies focused on syntax and semantics in information retrieval.

Analysis of 54 selected studies has shown that these studies were conducted over a period of 26 years. The oldest study was included in the review back to 1997, while the most recent one is from 2022. This shows the dynamic nature of the field under investigation and demonstrates how it is constantly changing and being influenced by the advancement of web technologies. Furthermore, a thematic analysis of the research, based on the studies' keywords, reveals that "Ontology," as a tool of the semantic web, is closely linked to the semantic and syntax aspects of language in information retrieval.Moreover, in a total of 54 studies, the majority were experimental (19), followed by applied (15) and analytical (9). Additionally, there were 6 studies that combined applied and analytical methods. Content analysis and comparative analysis each had 2 instances, while case studies were the least frequent with only 1 case. These studies have utilized tools such as ontology, search engines, and techniques including natural language processing, annotation, tagging, and indexing.The discussion about exploring syntax and semantics in relation to information retrieval across different languages is believed to make a significant contribution to the development of future research literature in this field. This is because users’ native language plays a central role in forming search terms for information retrieval, based on subjective meanings, context, and content. Considering this point can effectively enhance information retrieval systems.

Although many studies have addressed various aspects of syntax and semantics in information retrieval, more research is needed to investigate syntax and semantics in information organization. It is also important to delve into and analyze their theoretical aspects in information retrieval, especially through interdisciplinary studies.Moreover, the interconnectedness of various areas of study demonstrates the close relationship between syntax and semantics and linguistic issues in nearly every field that involves organizing, storing, and retrieving information. These areas include the study of syntax and semantics in relation to environmental sensors, indexing, identification and summarization of texts, plagiarism detection, natural language processing, repositories, improvement of query users and data retrieval in repositories and search engines, metadata enrichment, and image retrieval. The results of this research, such as its main themes, identified methods and approaches, and research gaps, can offer valuable insights for future studies.

The present study, with the aim of a systematic review of the survey-cross-sectional research method and of an applied type, emphasized the articles in the field of Sahifah Sajjadieh in Iran. After determining the questions and criteria, the target databases were searched, so 91 sources were identified. All records in the fields of author, year of publication, journal, subject, institute and prolific universities at the global level and indexed in the citation database of Islamic world sciences and Islamic centers were identified and analyzed.The findings showed that the general trend of scientific production in this field has been increasing over time. Women have a small role in the scientific productions of this field (only 25%), respectively, the subjects of Islamic studies, Quran, Islamic education, hadith, religions, philosophy, speech, educational sciences, Arabic language and Islamic ethics are among the most productive subject areas. became Ali Marashi, assistant professor of clinical psychology department of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, the best author by publishing three articles, and Andishe Dini magazine by publishing the greatest number of articles (7.7% of scientific productions) and Isfahan University by producing nine articles were recognized as the best in the field of scriptural studies.

The article analyzed the scientific publications of the world in the field of "scientific nationalism" and attempted to determine the approaches and trends of the pioneer countries in this field.

The study employed a descriptive methodology and utilized a scientometric approach. The statistical population comprised 342 documents retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) citation database, focusing on the field of “scientific nationalism” within the timeframe of 1992-2023. To visualize the scientific figures and map, graphical representations were generated using Bibliometrix software within the R software environment. These visuals were designed to differentiate various scientific fields and illustrate their interconnections, thereby facilitating an understanding of the knowledge structure of scientific nationalism.

The most significant research topics within the field of scientific nationalism, as identified by scientists in the field, were diagnosed as follows: nationalism, indigenous knowledge, colonialism, historiography, national history, national identity, genetics, medicine, artificial intelligence, and anti-espionage technologies. These topics were determined based on their frequent repetition in the keywords of scientific documents index in WoS. The United States of America emerged as the leading contributor in this field, having published a total of 70 articles. Russia, Ukraine, Germany, and England followed closely behind, occupying the subsequent positions among the global leaders in scientific nationalism. Over the review period, scientific publication in the field of scientific nationalism has exhibited a steady growth trend.

The research findings indicate that countries can implement various approaches to scientific nationalism. Advancements in genetics, medicine, artificial intelligence, and anti-espionage technologies will significantly elevate the scientific standing of nations internationally and promote sustainable development. Prioritizing culture, history, and historiography in national education and research systems will foster active and dynamic scientific communities, aligning with the goals of scientific nationalism programs. To enhance global prestige and national power, preserving values, culture, and national identity must be coupled with scientific and technological development. The United States has formed the most extensive international scientific cooperation networks in the field of scientific nationalism.

The aim of the present study is to reconcile the dual embodiment of ontology and folksonomy and establish a symbiotic relationship between the two technologies for the development of folksonomized ontology as a tool for organizing information in the fields of psychology and educational sciences in cyberspace. This study is of an applied nature and utilizes a combined research method. To gain conceptual knowledge and develop a semi-automated ontology based on natural language (common labels), the three-step method proposed by Alves and Santanche (extraction, enrichment, and synthesis) (2013) is utilized, along with Noy and McGuinness's approach (2001). The statistical population refers to the labels used by students of psychology and educational sciences in the digital library of Allameh Tabatabai University. The purposive sampling method is used to select and aggregate specific labels. Additionally, to evaluate the credibility and validity of the extracted concepts and relationships, they are reviewed and confirmed by 15 experts in the fields of psychology and educational sciences. The software used to create the ontology is Protégé version 5.5. A total of 15,787 labels were extracted. After identifying the fundamental concepts and their interrelationships using the Eric database, a conceptual framework with an ontological approach was developed. After confirming and validating the conceptual structure, an ontology based on folksonomy is presented as the main research finding. It consists of 277 classes and subclasses, 110 relation types, 50 samples, and 9 synonyms taken from the Eric database, and is illustrated in several graphs. Based on the statistical test performed on the ontology derived from folksonomy with a significance level of 0.0005, the model has been proven to be relatively accurate, and all components have been confirmed by experts. Folksonomies are "user-generated ontologies" within the Semantic Web. Leveraging the structural distinctions between folksonomies and ontologies holds the potential to advance the Semantic Web without requiring a deep understanding of complex classification systems.

The current research was conducted with the aim of comparative evaluation of music recognition software in terms of musical information retrieval capabilities.

This research was an applied descriptive type and the method of doing survey-descriptive evaluative research using a cheklist. The statistical population of this research included 180 pieces of music in the two sections of Iranian music and international music, which Iranian music in four traditional, pop, orchestral and local formats, each of these four formats in two ways, with words and without words, and international music in four formats. Classical, pop, electronic and newage were reviewed. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods of Wilcoxon and Friedman.

According to the findings of the research, Shazam software was ranked first in 5 components (response speed, accuracy in retrieving music pieces, title and similar) in various Iranian and international music formats with 36 points along with Sundhound software and Navahang software with 26 points ranked last. In terms of facilities and search capabilities and information retrieval standards, all five software had the same performance. Shazam software has performed better than other software in both Iranian and international music and in most formats of spoken and wordless music. also results showed that in the discussion of music without words, the results were weaker compared to music with words.

Coclusion: 

Due to the increase in the volume of music productions, both spoken and written, and the lack of correct and accurate bibliographic information and content, it is necessary to pay attention to the software in this field. Also, the attention and use of software for identifying and retrieving musical information based on Farsi content requires serious attention.

The purpose of this study is to design a conceptual model for the application of semantic-social technology in digital libraries in Iran.

This applied research was conducted using Delphi and analytical survey methods. The tool used was a researcher-made questionnaire, which included three parts: the structure of semantic-social technology architecture, semantic-social technology tools, and the function of semantic-social technology. Descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling and partial least squares modeling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyze the statistical data.

In the final research model, most items had a high factor loading and in the main components of the research, including the architecture structure of semantic-social technology, tools of semantic-social technology and the function of semantic-social technology, important items from the perspective of the research community were identified. Accordingly, in the architectural structure of semantic-social technology, the use of RDF schema to describe and describe RDF-based resources, the use of SIOC technology to link blogs, forums and mailing lists had the highest factor loading. Also, in the part of semantic-social technology tools, in the final conceptual model research, video mashups and map mashups had a higher factor loading than others. In the functional part of semantic-social technology, using the URL standard to identify and locate a resource in digital libraries and retrieval function, using RDF tools and using Sub and Super techniques between concepts to retrieve information faster has the highest factor loading. Moreover, in the parts of data and resources and content, the use of RDF tools to exploit multimedia and non-textual resources due to the diversity of available information and in the function of organization and storage, the use of ontology to manage digital resources had higher factor loading. In addition, in the interaction function, the items of communication between the chain of information producers, collectors and users through social semantic web tools had the highest amount of factor loading.

Concusion: 

Considering the results obtained in the proposed model of this research and the items that have gained a high factor loading in the proposed conceptual model, shows that in semantic-social technology in digital library software, what makes this technology progress and success is the correct creation of digital library software. The basis of digital library standards, attention to the XML markup language, Dublin Core, etc. and its integration with semantic tools such as Web 2.0, hashtags and folksonomy, metadata, etc. in line with social technologies such as social networks, mashups, etc.

This research has examined studies conducted in the field of information security in Iran with a scientometric approach to provide a comprehensive view of the status of this field.

The present applied study, which is a survey-cross-sectional, has been done using co-occurrence analysis and scientometric method. All the scientific papers published in the field of information security between the years 2001-2023 and indexed in the Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC) were examined (1,114 articles).

Amin Police University is at the top of science production in the field of information security in Iran with the publication of 92 articles. The journal of Societal Security Studies Scientific with the publication of 35 articles, has the most published articles in the field of information security. Bagheri (with 9 articles), Ebrahimi Atani (with 8 articles) and Tork Ladani (with 7 articles) were recognized as the three top scientists in the field of information security in Iran. The keyword "security" with the highest frequency of repetition was recognized as the most frequent concept. In terms of co-occurrence, the two keywords "security" and "border" were the most frequent. The word co-occurrence map showed the existence of 4 clusters in the field of security, information security, sense of security, sustainable security. "Terrorism" keyword, having the farthest distance from other keywords, was less related to other keywords.

After 2017, the downward trend of scientific publications in the field of information security was observed in Iran. Formation of a forum by specialized associations to exchange opinions and opinions of the authors of works in high quality research publications can be vital in the development of this field. The clusters of national security, stable security and crime were recognized as immature clusters of the scientific map of information security in Iranian articles. Conducting research to develop knowledge in the field of these concepts is recommended.

Ontologies as tools for visualizing domain knowledge and improving information search and retrieval have attracted the attention of many researchers in different subject areas. One of the domains where the application of ontologies can be the subject of many researches is knowledge management, while it has been less discussed so far. The aim of this research is the qualitative and quantitative analysis of studies related to the application of ontologies in the knowledge management domain in order to identify these applications the main subject areas and their aspects.

Literature Review:

Reasons for creating ontologies include the ability to reuse knowledge, sharing a common understanding of the structure of information between human and software (machines), analyzing domain knowledge, describing basic concepts in a subject domain, and the relationship between them (Montenegro et al. 2012). Therefore, considering the application of ontology in knowledge engineering and since access to knowledge has a major contribution to the progress of societies in today's world, the way of accessing and managing this knowledge among the large amount of information is very important and challenging. Knowledge management is also one of the topics that is of interest to researchers in various fields. Ontologies are one of the tools for organizing and managing knowledge. Despite the significant number context-based research on the use of these tools and the use of ontologies in knowledge management, lack of connection and understanding between researches in the field of ontology and applied knowledge management will cause knowledge management to be deprived of these tools. Therefore, the following research aims to analyze the studies in the field of ontology application in knowledge management. As it mentioned, most of the research in this field is context-based. The fields of education (Yang, Chen, & Shao, 2004), architecture (Anumba et al, 2008), agriculture (Zheng et al., 2012) and medicine (Zhou et al., 2020) are among the context-based researches in the field of application of ontology in knowledge management. Moreover, identifying the obstacles and challenges of using these tools in the context of knowledge management is another aspect that has not been addressed in the researches. Therefore, this study focuses on researches that are generally discussed applications and methods the use of ontology in knowledge management and research about the application of ontologies in different domains knowledge management or the construction and implementation of ontologies in the field of knowledge management have been ignored. This research can provide a comprehensive view of the applications and capacities that the use of ontologies provides for knowledge management.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical one. It was conducted using Pettigrew and Roberts 's (2008) systematic review method. In order to analyze the texts and visualize the findings, the content analysis method using MaxQDA and Data Trapper software was applied. Accordingly, after formulating research questions and search keywords, inclusion and exclusion criteria, selected databases were searched. At first stage, 419 studies were retrieved, after reviewing and considering the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 47 studies were selected for final analysis. The results of the analysis of the studies were presented in the form of tables and graphs.

In addition to presenting the frequency of subjects, the citation status
of studies and subject trends in this field over time, analysis of studies in the field of application of ontologies in knowledge management revealed that these researches include five main topics as follows: construction and creation of ontology in the field of knowledge management, design of knowledge management systems based on ontology, use of ontology in the process of knowledge management, role and synergy of ontologies in knowledge management and challenges and usage guidelines. From ontology in knowledge management.

Analysis of 47 selected studies showed that Chinese researchers have studied this issue more than others. In Iran, the number of studies was significant compared to other countries. Moreover, the analysis of the studies indicates that in most of the studies in this field, analytical-descriptive approach has been applied. In terms of the year of conducting the research, most of the studies in this field were conducted in 2009. In Iran the first study was conducted in 2008 and other studies were conducted since 2019. Accordingly, most of the research in the field of the application of ontologies in knowledge management are analytical-descriptive, and case and experimental studies and literature review are in the next in terms of frequency, which have used tools such as texts, questionnaires, and the Delphi technique. Thematic analysis of the studies shows that the most focus of these research is on presenting the methods, models, frameworks and approaches that are used to build ontologies in the field of knowledge management. A number of these studies also dealt with the construction and development of ontology in the field of knowledge management. Ontology based knowledge management systems, the application of ontology in different parts of the knowledge management process, the role and synergy of ontology in knowledge management, and the guides and challenges in the construction of ontologies in the context of knowledge management are other major topics in these studies. The combination of the results of keyword analysis and the identification of the changing process of subjects over the time can confirm the relative superiority of technical aspects in the design and construction of ontologies in the field of knowledge management.

Although studies have addressed different dimensions of the application of ontology in knowledge management as a helpful tool to facilitate different stages of knowledge management processes, the focus of most studies on theoretical dimensions has caused a lack of connection and real practical understanding of applying ontology in this field. In this study, the emphasis is on the general ontologies of knowledge management, but the high importance of user-oriented studies, understanding the environment and the user community in design, construction and use of technologies, including ontology and their impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge management, require researchers to focus on these non-technical issues, and the results of this review show a significant lack of focus on these issues.

The article aims to identify and prioritize indicators for evaluating the accessibility capabilities of the user interface in virtual education systems.

In step 1, to identify the evaluation indicators from the indicators listed in ISO 9241, a localized checklist was prepared by the virtual education systems inside the country. Then, using the Fuzzy Delphi method and the opinions of experts from the higher education system of Iran in the field of accessibility of education and e-learning systems, the identified indicators were modified and finalized. In the next step, these indicators were prioritized using the BWM method from the point of view of experts, and their importance was determined.

The final framework of indicators for evaluating the accessibility capabilities of the interaction environment (user interface) of virtual education systems was compiled and prioritized in four general indicators (general guidelines and requirements, inputs, outputs, support services, help, and online documentation) and 24 sub-indices. For this purpose, LINGO software was used. Based on the findings of the research, the component "Compatibility with accessible technologies" won the first rank among all sub-indices. The component "online documentation" was ranked second and "setting accessibility levels" was ranked third. The last rank (rank 24) was awarded to "Camera".

There is no consensus on the standard framework for evaluating the accessibility of virtual education systems. The review of the conducted research showed that there is a research gap in the field of not comprehensively identifying and presenting a comprehensive and coherent picture to evaluate the accessibility of the interaction environment in virtual education systems and it was concluded that to improve the use of virtual education systems, identifying and prioritizing the factors It is necessary to evaluate the accessibility of virtual education systems. The innovation of this article is to provide a comprehensive framework for identifying and prioritizing the accessibility evaluation indicators of the interactive environment in virtual education systems localized for the country. The internet speed in Iran is not high and turning on the camera during virtual classes due to the high volume of the internet it consumes causes disconnection and communication between them. The statistical community of the research was aware of this fact, therefore, according to the existing conditions, they assigned the least weight to this index.

Determining the use of Internet of Things (IoT) in selected libraries

This survey used a researcher-made checklist. ؟ ؟experts confirmed the validity of the tool. Websites of twenty libraries as well as the literature about the use of the IoT by them were examined. Also we contacted with relevant people in the target libraries to receive additional data. Types of libraries, services provided by IoT technologies and tools were investigated.

The libraries benefited from 1) Radio wave identification technology (RFID); 2) Bluebeam technology; 3) Smart camera 4) Smart public areas project; 5) Hui Wen library information service system; 6) Montreal; 7) Book robot; 8) Smart robot; 9) Car to Car communication; 10) Capira mobile application is used to provide services. Bluebeam technology provided users with widest range of all the 10 services. Hui Wen's library information service system by benfiting from eight applications came top in using IoT.

The very fact that libraries studied continue to use IoT, may suggest that Iranian libraries should consider employing this emerging technology

The present study aimed to Designing a method for organizing Persian text documents using the clustering technique. The data set related to Theses and Dissertations including 2943 researches was considered as a statistical population. Data were collected from a set of data related to scientific research, which included 5,000 researches in Excel format. In this study, after converting the data into a structured format, the processing operation was performed using preprocessing operations. In the processing stage, the clustering technique was used to present the proposed algorithm in order to organize Persian text documents. This algorithm was introduced by improving the K-means algorithm for document clustering. The results of the evaluation showed that the proposed algorithm based on external criteria had a positive effect on the clustering quality of documents compared to the two algorithms K-means and K-means++. So that the research of each designated category in the related subject cluster had a uniform distribution, and led to the achievement of the purpose of the present study. In the category / cluster tables obtained from the two algorithms K-means and K-means++, we saw a non-uniform distribution of research in clusters, so the evaluation based on internal criteria was affected by different cluster densities and inter-cluster similarity. The size of the dataset was also not affected by the proposed solutions for selecting the final dataset and the research process, so the proposed algorithm works well for the high dimensions of the feature.

The present research has evaluated the accessibility capabilities of the user interface environment of virtual teaching systems

The research is of an applied type, which was carried out by a survey method of the type of revelatory evaluation. The statistical population is six virtual & real time teaching systems "Adobe Connect, sky room, Skype, Big Blue Button, Google Meet, Gharar". The research tool is the localized evaluation list corresponding to the virtual teaching systems inside the country in accordance with the evaluation indicators listed in ISO 9241, which indicators have been identified and prioritized using B.W.M. In order to answer the research questions, descriptive statistics and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) model decision making method were used. In this method, the points obtained from the evaluation of each software in each index were multiplied by the B.W.M. weighting coefficient determined for each index and based on the result, the user interface environment of the virtual teaching systems was compared with each other in terms of accessibility features. The research hypotheses were examined through the Kruskal-Walli’s test.

After examining the accessibility features of the user interface of the studied virtual teaching systems, it was determined that Skype, Adobe Connect, Big Blue Button, Sky room, google Meet, respectively, and according to the features related to the accessibility has been ranked first to sixth. No significant difference was observed between of compliance with the evaluation indicators of the accessibility capabilities of the interaction environment (user interface) of the virtual education systems in four general indicators in the systems. The highest mean of compliance with the level of accessibility related to pointer tools and compatibility with assistive technologies and the lowest mean of compliance with the level of accessibility related to keyboard input were detected in the studied community

By using the findings of the present research, we can get a clear vision of the existing reality of the possibilities of virtual teaching systems. The findings of the present research are a guide for the selection and use of the mentioned systems for teachers, officials and managers of education centers. Therefore, conducting this research is necessary to explain the future horizons and it is hoped that it will have a significant contribution to improve the virtual education situation in the IRAN and the results of the research findings can be effective in improving the accessibility of these systems and educational institutions.

The current research aims to evaluate and analyze the widely used ontology production software in representing concepts to select the most appropriate software.

This research was conducted in terms of applied purpose with a quantitative approach. The research method was evaluative and descriptive. The statistical population consists of five ontology production software including Apollo, Onto Studio, Protégé, Swoop, and TopBraid Composer Free Edition. In this research, due to the lack of a suitable evaluation list in the field of the research topic, by studying the resources about ontology software and guides, an appropriate evaluation tool was prepared. The data collection tool was a checklist whose formal validity was confirmed by information science experts. This list is divided into seven sections: important components of ontology software, input format component, language representation component, Software architecture and structure criteria with sub-indicators of components of interactivity, stability, availability, ability to be installed on a variety of platforms, the basic language of the software, and the component of interaction and interaction with the software related ontology and ontology storage format. Descriptive statistical techniques such as weight average and percentage were used to analyze the data.

The results of the research findings showed that Protégé with 177 points out of the total points in terms of components studied in this research in the first place and Onto Studio software with points 126 of the total points is in the next rank. Finally, Top Braid Composer Free Edition software is in third place in terms of the components studied in this research, with 87 points out of the total. In examining the interoperability component of ontology software, two software includes, Protégé 5.2.0 and Onto Studio had interaction with other software with 41.66%, which is one of the strengths of this software. The Apollo and Swoop software do not interact with any of the different software and it can be considered one of their weak points of them.

This study was able to show some of the strengths and weaknesses of ontology software based on the evaluation of the studied components of ontology software. Andwhat is the status of the studied software in terms of its relationship with other software in the field of ontology and how is their interoperability? Also, the research results will help researchers in this field select the most appropriate ontology software to produce and represent concepts.

The analysis of the credible future of the Islamic Azad University's scientific structure based on its productions in the Web of Science database based on the views of top researchers and scientific policy-making managers of that organization is the aim of this research.

The current research is an applied research with a qualitative approach, and in order to analyze the credible future of the scientific structure of Islamic Azad University productions, it has used the method of content analysis of the views of researchers and scientific policy-making managers of Islamic Azad University. The semi-structured in-depth interview method was used to collect information, the questions of which were restructured from the research results in the scientific structure of the Islamic Azad University and focused on the believable future and from 10 top researchers in seven main subject areas (basic sciences, medicine, humanities, technical and engineering, art and architecture, veterinary medicine and agriculture) and scientific policy-making managers of Islamic Azad University were interviewed by targeted sampling method. Data analysis was done using the qualitative content analysis method using MAXQDA software in three stages of open, central and selective coding phases.

The qualitative analysis of the research results led to the identification of 73 concepts and 18 sub-categories in the subset of 3 main categories (past weight/present pressure/future tension) for the believable future of the scientific structure of Islamic Azad University. The weight of the past in the triangle of the believable future of the scientific production structure of Islamic Azad University consists of 7 categories and 32 concepts, the pressure of the present consists of 4 categories and 21 concepts, and the tension of the future also consists of 7 categories and 21 concepts. Also, the findings showed that the scientific structure of Islamic Azad University has overcome various obstacles such as weight and propellants such as current pressure. As well, prospects have been formed as a future trend.

The results showed that the scientific structure of the Islamic Azad University is more inclined towards the weight of the past and the pressure of the present, and it is necessary for the university officials to take measures to reduce the weight of the past (research, organizational, motivational, economic, cultural, communication and technological obstacles) and keep up with the pressure. Research, technological, motivational and economic drivers should be considered in order to change the direction towards the future traction (research, economic, technological perspectives, organizational structure, motivational, cultural and communication) so that the university has a smooth and faster way to reach the scientific structure. To achieve the desired scientific structure, Islamic Azad University can achieve the credible future of the structure of its scientific productions from the role and effects of negative and inhibiting factors that exist in the form of the weight of the past, with a correct and defined understanding of these obstacles, the first and most important step of the necessary efforts in order to achieve the goals of the vision document and comprehensive scientific map of the country. Also, one way of synchronizing with the current pressure is to withdraw from raw sales and not to use scientific productions and direction of research topics; which is the main driver of Islamic Azad University. Also, in line with the direction of the future, Islamic Azad University with the ecosystem of scientific productions can take a big step in drawing a credible future of its scientific structure.

The present investigation was conducted with the aim of identifying the application of semantic technology in information retrieval in the softwares of digital libraries.

This survey is applied one which is done by descriptive method. Sampling population includes 8 digital library softwares Simorgh, Payam Mashregh, Pars Azarakhsh, Payam Hanan, Rasa, Tebyan, Saman and Pasargad. After reviewing the literature and available resources, the criteria related to semantic technology components were determined in data retrieval in digital library softwares. The tool used for gathering the data is the checklist that is used in the field of semantic technological practices in marketing information in digital library softwares, this is under the observation of experts, in addition, the method of Delphi is used in this investigation in 3 fields namely semantic technological architecture, semantic technological tools, semantic technologies in marketing information and the level of implementation. In order to analyze the data, Excel and SPSS 25 softwares were used.

The findings showed that digital libraries do not have a suitable condition and they need the layers more than the first designing. Also, semantic tools and implemented languages have a very weak semantic technology, and there are not many semantic tools for development and implementation, and they surpassed each other in a few cases. Furthermore, in terms of implementing tools, they do not have a suitable situation and by paying attention to this area in information marketing, it needs a serious observing by the digital library software designers. But, in semantic technology in information marketing activities the situation was suitable, however, the layers of its implementing in digital libraries is not in a suitable condition. This research, in addition to providing a checklist on the application of semantic technology in data retrieval in digital library software, based on existing records and expert opinion, has made it possible for designers and programmers of digital library software to identify their strengths and weaknesses, with the criteria and components in this area, and the degree of importance of each of them, will become more familiar with the design of digital library softwares.

 the present study examines the current status of the use of ontologies in the digital library area through the analysis of studies in this field.

The present research is a qualitative study using the meta-synthesis method. In order to collect data in this study, the library method, and to analyze data the seventh-step process of Sandelowski & Barroso for meta-synthesis was used. The research population of the study includes related studies (articles and dissertations) in the area of ontology applications in digital libraries retrieved from scientific databases. CASP evaluation checklist was used to ensure the quality of the studies. Finally, out of 267 retrieved studies, 43 titles were selected and analyzed.

Analysis of studies in the area of ontology application in the digital library led to the identification of 4 categories, 8 components, and 48 dimensions in this field. The main categories include the application of ontology in digital library services, the application of ontology in digital library structures, the basis of ontology application in digital libraries, and the application of ontologies in covering the subject domain of digital libraries.

 In this study, which seems to have never been done before, a comprehensive analysis of the field of ontology application in digital libraries, the current situation and its dimensions were presented. Also, by clarifying the topics that have been less addressed, new research subjects were provided for researchers in this field.

Identifying the status of Iranian digital library software in terms of the use of various content management and user portlets.

This is an applied research done as a heuristic survey. The research was conducted to evaluate the capabilities of various portlets in the field of digital library management in two general areas of content management (collection process management, content production management, classification management, documentation management, loading management, content indexing management, link management and news management) and user management (user management, staff management and user security management) are used in digital library software. Statistical population of the study consists of five Digital Library Softwares Pars Azarsa, Simorgh, Tebyan, and Parwan Farakavash produced by five major library software companies in Iran (Pars Azarakhsh, Nosa, Tebyan, kavash, and Parvanpajooh). Their software products and know-how have matured over time in tandem with technological advancements in their field, with critical inputs from field experts, associated companies, organizations and institutions. They, in the recent ten years, have undertaken many landmark projects that include database and archive automation for their clients. Their knowledge base and software products are unsurpassed in the field of digital data management for libraries and document centers, and this includes the full spectrum of related requirements. All their software products are web based, integrated and user friendly Some of their major clients include the governmental institutions, private companies, national libraries and universities. The needed data was collected using a researcher-made check-list. Different types of descriptive statistical techniques in collaboration with Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wilk test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for analyzing the data.

In terms of content management, Simorgh had the best performance. The statistical population had the best performance in the "category management" section of the content management field and the weakest performance in the "link management" section. In the field of user management, "Azarsa" had the best performance. The statistical community had the weakest performance in this area in the "forum management" section. Test of research hypotheses showed that there is no significant difference between the digital library software in the use of content management portals and user management.

The performance of the statistical population was evaluated for 114 management portlets. The statistical population in the field of content management according to the check-list had an average performance of 80 percent and the average performance of the statistical population in the field of user management was below 63 percent, among which even "Farakavash" and "Parvan" had a performance below 50 percent. Therefore, in general comparison, it was concluded that the statistical community in the field of content management has performed better than user management.

Clustering as a process to understand the nature and structure of data plays an important role in organizing data in many areas of science and technology. One of the most widely used and simple algorithms for clustering is K-means. The present study was conducted to systematically reviewing research on improving K-means algorithm on data clustering. This research examines the researches conducted in this field and its role in organizing data in the range of 2010 to 2020 with a new strategy based on the shortcomings of the K-means algorithm. For this purpose, the amount of attention of researchers to eliminate any of the shortcomings of this algorithm in order to improve it in recent years has been compiled in the form of research questions. In this study, with the use of a search strategy for refining and extracting articles, 47 related sources were identified and examined. Findings showed that most researches have been done by overcoming the sensitive shortcomings to initial cluster centers to improve the K-means algorithm. Also, out of a total of 47 studies, the improved K-means algorithm has been applied in 35 studies on non-textual data and in 12 studies on textual data. Finally, the results of a review of six studies showed that the amount of data is directly related to the performance of improved K-means algorithm. In other words, this algorithm must be modified in such a way as to perform efficient and accurate clustering by applying it to different amounts of data.

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of published studies on the topic of developing ontologies based on folksonomies as a means of information management in electronic environments.

This study is conducted using the systematic review method. After designating the questions, input, and output criteria, 87 papers published during 2003-2019 were obtained through querying domestic and international research databases. After screening the results, 29 papers (27 papers in English and 2 papers in Farsi) were closely studied and systematically analyzed. The data was entered into Excel for further statistical analysis and visualization.

This study verifies the positive results of using folksonomized ontologies in central areas, including information management, and recovery and machine learning. The purpose of organizing knowledge is the quick transfer and retrieval of information. The inefficiency of traditional information organizing tools has always made it difficult to access information quickly and easily. The growth and development of information organization over time indicates a two-way relationship between knowledge growth and organizational evolution. This mutual influence between human knowledge and its organization has been accepted as a principle and its importance has increased over time. It seems that along with the increasing development of the world of knowledge, continuous review and improvement of organizational systems are inevitable. Moreover, this study shows the increasing popularity of folksonomized ontologies among users for determining semantic relationships between tags benefiting from more extensive sets of data. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the synthesis between ontologies and folksonomies can facilitate semantic web development by leveraging their differences. An important factor in emphasizing the use of the tacit meanings of folksonomy is the high potential of folksonomy in facilitating the creation of semantic relationships.

Although studies of the application of folksonomy in the development of ontologies have been conducted since 2003, semantic limitations in folksonomy have remained a challenging issue over last decades. However, the vast majority of user-generated folksonomies offer a promising future for semantic web development. Considering the significance of synthesizing folksonomies and ontologies in improving the semantic relationships in information systems and attending to users’ needs by obtaining useful data from tags, further studies are required to find effective solutions to the semantic ambiguities tags and to structure them. This study offers new perspectives to assist experts in the fields of information management and the semantic web.