فهرست مطالب سید رامین غفاری

In recent years, the significance of focusing on the concept of sustainable rural development and its role in national development and planning frameworks has grown substantially. Hence, the primary goal of this study is to examine the relationship and impact of social capital components on the sustainable development of rural settlements in Ardal County. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical and survey-based, utilizing a survey and field data collection approach. Twenty-six out of the inhabited villages in Ardal County, representing 30% of the total, were selected as sample villages for this study. Data analysis was carried out using the statistical method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Smart-PLS software. The findings indicate a low level of social capital within the studied villages, with an average value of 2.3. The Kendall correlation test demonstrated a significant relationship between the independent variables (social awareness, social participation, social trust, and social network) and sustainable rural development, with Azizabad and Alikoh villages showing the highest correlation. The bootstrap test results based on t-values confirmed the significance of the relationships between the research variables. Notably, social network and social cohesion exhibited the highest t-values and correlations. The social dimension, with a statistic of 30.466, displayed a stronger connection to sustainable development compared to other dimensions. Through investigation and assessment of direct and indirect relationships within the model, it was revealed that, according to the villagers, the social networks variable had the most substantial impact on sustainable development with an effect coefficient of 0.360, while social awareness had the least influence. Path analysis further indicated that the components of social capital could predict 0.90% of the variations in sustainable development within the region.

Today, human activities, comings and goings and communications at the urban and rural levels have changed a lot and these changes have been regardless of environmental conditions and the desired human environment. The present research is based on applied development goal and in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology based on library studies and field studies. To study, model and present the optimal model for the development of rural roads network in Shahinshahr and Meimeh. To achieve the objectives of the research, 4 indicators: natural and ecological, socio-cultural, economic and physical-spatial were extracted and surveyed by 30 experts in the field of urban and rural studies and using Smart-Pls software to analyze the factors. Exploration was done. Then, in order to present the optimal model for the development of the rural road network, the colonial competition algorithm (MST minimum tree cover) in Matlab 2016 software environment has been used, and the Tracking Analyst Tools method in spatialization of the studied indicators in Network Analyst Tools is used in the ArcGIS software environment. The results show that among the studied indicators, the socio-cultural index has the highest coefficient and impact on the development of rural road network and then the economic index is effective as a stimulus and mediator in the second category. Also, the results of spatial analysis show that Among the studied villages, 66.6% are in an unsuitable and completely unsuitable situation in terms of the development of the road network.

Since historical buildings are among the first places that most travelers encounter and most of the image of the village is formed, so addressing this issue is inevitable. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of valuable rural textures in the development of tourism in the villages of Samam district of Amlash city in Gilan province. . To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, 5 experts in the field of rural planning were used. Cronbach's alpha was used to check the reliability, which is 0.81 and is in good condition. In the data analysis section, the data were analyzed using spss22 and AMOS software. The results showed that in general, valuable rural textures on tourism development with an impact factor of 0.21 and a significance rate of 0.004, economic index on tourism development with an impact factor of 0.33 and a significant value of 0.001, social index on development Tourism with an impact factor of 0.34 and a significance rate of 0.000 and a physical index has been effective on tourism development with an impact factor of 0.72 and a significance rate of 0.000. The results showed that the physical index had the most impact on tourism development with an impact factor of 0.72 and a significance rate of 0.000, and the economic index had the least impact on tourism development with an impact factor of 0.33 and a significance rate of 0.001.

Urban branding is a new way of describing and implementing urban marketing. Just as city identification is done through image perception, the use of urban marketing largely depends on infrastructure, communications, and urban image management.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and position of urban management in branding in Isfahan City.

This research was a survey-based document-field study, which used a researcher's questionnaire as the research tool in the survey section. The statistical population included all the citizens of Isfahan City and the statistical sample was equal to 384 people according to Cochran's calculation, but 414 questionnaires were distributed and finally collected in order to obtain more accurate information. Also, 50 questionnaires were distributed among the managers of Isfahan City. SPSS and Smart PLS software were used for measurement and analysis. Research Innovation: The managers and citizens’ points of view in response to the roles of municipalities, city council, chamber of commerce, and other bodies in the development of branding in Isfahan City were separately examined, which showed that the aforementioned institutions played a fundamental role in the development of the city branding. The managers believed that 77% percent of the urban management components had an impact on the development of urban branding. Also, the citizens said that the components of urban management had influenced 94% of the development of urban branding.

From the managers and citizens’ perspectives, the approvals of the municipality, city council, chamber of commerce, and other related bodies had a key role in the development of the city branding. The managers believed that 77% of the components of urban management had an impact on the development of urban branding. The citizens said that the urban management components had affected 94% of urban branding development.

Tourism businesses in rural areas is one of the important principles and strategies of rural development. Ecotourism resorts, as one of the most important rural tourism businesses, have a high impact on rural development. Identifying and explaining the effects of ecotourism resorts on rural development is one of the challenging issues between researchers and managers. The villages of Moran district in Garmi city are among the important ecotourism and border tourism spaces of the province. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of ecotourism resorts Moran rural development and identify the prevailing thought patterns in order to provide strategies for the development of ecotourism resorts and finally, provide an optimal model of ecotourism resorts based on sustainable rural development. the necessary data were collected through field and library methods. The statistical sample in the impact analysis section of the accommodation includes 70 experts including managers, researchers and business owners and in the strategy presentation section includes a combination of 70 experts including rural participants and experts outside the village, identified through the Cochran's formula. Statistical tests were used to analyze the effects of accommodation and meta-SWOT model was used in the formulation of strategies. The results shows suitable ecolodges impacts in rural development, optimal model in the rural development has presented. The most important components of this model are ecotourism routing, ecotourism clusters, business exchanges, blue ocean strategy, product-market adaptation, architecture. Participatory and hybrid is linking with the facilitator, manipulating the stimulus and changing the rules.

Over the past decades, improving the livelihood of villagers has received much attention and has been considered as one of the goals of sustainable rural development. One of the main strategies to improve the rural economy is agricultural tourism, which can lead the village to development and sustainability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of agritourism on the sustainable development of Somehsara. The method of the present study was applied in terms of its purpose and a descriptive survey as far as its methodology is considered. The population of this study included farmers, experts, and specialists living in Sumehsara. The instrument used in the study was a questionnaire on rural development. T-test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the hypotheses. According to the obtained results and the level of significance, agricultural tourism has affected all aspects of sustainable development. The environmental dimension with an average of 4.06 had the most impact and the social dimension with an average of 4.06 had the least impact.

Today, rural tourism has become one of the most important economic sectors in many countries of the world, and governments have implemented various policies to develop it at various scales, from local to national level. In the past decades, especially since the 1990s, due to the recession in the agricultural sector and the problems facing rural communities, experts and planners have always emphasized the importance of rural tourism development. In this regard, the city of Sirik with its many attractions in rural areas can use this huge potential to improve its economic situation. For this purpose, in the present article, using qualitative steps with SWOT technique, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the development of tourism in this city were determined. Using the SPSS software and calculating the correlation coefficient, the relationship between strategic management and tourism development was obtained. The results showed that the strengths and opportunities of this region outweighed its weaknesses and threats, which by using an offensive strategy, we can hope for the development of tourism in the region. Also, the results of correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant relationship between strategic management and tourism development with a correlation coefficient of 0.67.

The purpose of this study is to provide an optimal planning model for the development of valuable rural textures for tourism development with emphasis on rural tourism in Samam village in Amlash district. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose (type of use). In terms of the method of conducting research in general, this research is a descriptive-analytical research. The statistical population of the study included 32 relevant experts, whose sample size for experts was used in the whole census method. The research tools include a questionnaire of 36 questions in the valuable tissue section and 28 questions in the rural tourism development section. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the opinion of 5 experts in the field of rural planning was used, and its validity was examined several times, and also the validity of the structure based on confirmatory factor analysis was used. For reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used, which is 0.84 and in good condition. In the data analysis section, using spss22 and Smart PLS software, research questions were examined using structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis test. The results showed that, in general, planning the development of valuable rural textures has affected the development of tourism. Among these, the economic index has affected tourism development, the social index has influenced tourism development, and the physical index has influenced tourism development. Among these, the physical index had the most impact on tourism development, and the social index had impact on tourism development.

Councils management of city and villager management fulfilment in development and eleuation social partnerships. This question will be answered on the board and what role assemblis Rural development habitations in the city are shahreza. It seems thet the Skil, Functions and Roles management councils and assemblis in development habitations villeage is a significant relationship. In this regard, the promotion of village affairs, including economic, social, cultural, political And physical participation of rural people and rural management are undertaken by the association. Rural management interwoven set of features, a variety of natural, human, institutional and structural-functional It takes another full address space, so it can not be confined to the rural management council and the assemblis The writing of a new management position that tries to explain the rural country, the issue of shahreza village within the city analyze and evaluate the activities carried out by the Council and assemblis institutions in physical and socioeconmic aspects of the physical and public service comoined with the evaluation of residents satisfaction with the activities In three dimensions mentioned above, the role of management in the rural village is clear. Survey and field research methods in this paper, population 30,000 people There are over 3000 households. The volume of the sample is composed of 341 patients, randomly from a householder to come. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. statistical software was used for data analysis. At the descriptive level, using statistical parameters such as frequency, percentage, cumulative percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics from a sample ttests t two samples, ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficient was useds. The findings show that contribute skil functions and roles management councils and assemblis buoy in development villeage habitation in sahreza.

Equilibrium in the spatial distribution system of services is one of the most important issues that has attracted the attention of geographers and planners in recent years. In the meanwhile, educational services as one of the indicators of human development are not necessarily consistent with population growth in rural settlements and do not have the appropriate spatial-locational differentiation. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of locating and organizing an optimal distribution of educational services in 13 villages located in Shahin-Shahr and Meymah in a library (using resources, related research, and Internet sites) in the following two stages: In the first step, the effective measures in locating the AHP training centers were evaluated by experts on the basis of their importance. Then, by fuzzing and integrating the layers in the GIS, the aforementioned area was classified for the construction of educational centers. In the second stage of research after determining the centrality index in educational services (primary, secondary and high school), to determine the correlation coefficient between two population parameters and educational services, the model (rank rating) was used. Subsequently, spatial and locational factors predicted the population and prospects for allocating and distributing educational services based on rural areas located in the territory. Finally, based on research findings, the establishment or development of educational spaces for the 1405 solar sky was proposed.

 Equilibrium in the spatial distribution system of services is one of the most important issues that has attracted the attention of geographers and planners in recent years. In the meanwhile, educational services as one of the indicators of human development are not necessarily consistent with population growth in rural settlements and do not have the appropriate spatial-locational differentiation. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of locating and organizing an optimal distribution of educational services in 13 villages located in Shahinshahr and Meymeh in a library (using resources, related research, and internet sites) in the following two stages: in the first step, the effective measures in locating the AHP training centers were evaluated by experts on the basis of their importance. Then, by fuzzing and integrating the layers in the GIS, the aforementioned area was classified for the construction of educational centers. In the second stage of research after determining the centrality index in educational services (primary, secondary and high school), to determine the correlation coefficient between two population parameters and educational services, the model (rank rating) was used. Subsequently, spatial and locational factors predicted the population and prospects for allocating and distributing educational services based on rural areas located in the territory. Finally, based on research findings, the establishment or development of educational spaces for the 2026 solar sky was proposed. The educational services as one of the basic services needed by rural settlements often not coordinated with the growing student population and does not have suitable distribution. In Iran, as one of the important centers of early civilization, planning and development of the concept and its public has a great history.Analysis and organization design space and rural settlement for the development of rural communities and focusing on rural settlements of urgency is high.This study seeks to examine the challenges related to the issue and the answers to questions such as;1) The effect parameters in the process of locating how effective is it?2) Does the distribution of educational services in all rural areas are proportionate and based on social justice and have taken place?

This study was conducted in two phases alternate. The fact is that sustainable rural development in general and the distribution of services and facilities several factors are involved in a specific way;1) Educational services required by its closest neighboring rural settlements with little travel can provide.  2) The supreme council of urbanism and architecture of the projected population threshold for the allocation and deployment of educational services do not have.

All the layers of information using fuzzy functions to the purpose of this phase, and the weight of each layer was multiplied. Finally by overlaying maps fuzzy using gamma 9.0, 8.0, 7.0 and 9.0 gamma confirmed, because of proximity to ground truth the final map to the 5th floor very good to very poor grading respectively. So we show a map overlay gamma of 7.0 and 8.0 and show a gamma of 9.0 in ArcGIS.We can be seen, much of the best areas in the south and southeast of the city (the area of ​​rural settlements Jahadabad, Moorchekhort, Vandadeh, Kolahroud) and the most difficult zones of west and northwest of the city (the area of ​​rural settlements refuge, Lushab, Hassan Robat) and the north-eastern part of the city (village Maravand) Calculations based on the centrality of: The results show the centrality index Dehloran villages and Maravand regarding the educational services in the central index, the highest and lowest rankings are in the village of Jahadabad. So projected population in 13 rural settlements for the next 10 years, according to the population of 85 years and 95 Statistical center of Iran. population of rural settlements in the horizon of 1405, show Hassan Robat village with a population of 1722 people, in the first place and Choghadeh village with a population of 290 people, the population is at the lowest rank.
Conclusions and Recommendations: In view of the combination include:1) Results and imbalances in the distribution of educational services in territory   planning and research, 2) to evaluate the centrality of educational services and the projected population for the time horizon 1405, 3) calculating the spearman correlation coefficient between the two parameters, population rank and rank educational services rank-size model, 4) weighted 20 criteria using AHP in GIS, The following suggestions are offered.

The network of passages has a great impact on the physical-spatial development of settlements, provided that they are used optimally. The lack of a comprehensive and coherent plan for the design of rural roads in Shahinshahr and Maymeh counties has created the ground for entangling rural structures, the disorder in the organization of inside arteries, and the incompatibility of the passages with its similar uses in the villages, that requires recognizing effective standards and operational solutions to create the right avenues. This study aimed to determine the most important effective factors of rural road network design and prioritize them from the perspective of rural managers of Shahinshahr and Maymeh counties. The present study was descriptive-analytical in terms of method, which was conducted by the survey method and using a questionnaire. The sample population was 86 people, which included 30 officials related to rural issues in the city (specialists and university professors), There were 14 village governors and 42 Islamic village councils. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistical methods such as a one-sample T-test by SPSS 22. The results obtained from the statistical analysis indicate that the use of each of the five standards in the design of the network of roads in the studied villages has been desirable, but the intensity of the desirability of some standards has been higher than others. Based on the results of the analysis of the one-sample T-test, the standards of "width of the road network" with the value of T (3.123) and "level and coverage of the road network" with the value of T (2.874) have the greatest impact on the design of the road network of the villages. They have studied from the point of view of rural officials. Also, the standard of "road construction model" with T value (1.785) and "architecture and appearance of the road network" with T value (0.654) is in the last rank. Their employment status has been more unfavorable than others.

Assessing and measuring the resilience of rural communities is one of the most important tools in determining the sustainability of rural settlements when environmental hazards occur. In the Dehdez section, there are numerous rural and nomadic settlements and are prone to many environmental hazards throughout the year. Rural settlements and their inhabitants do not have adequate resilience in various dimensions in the face of environmental hazards. The purpose of this study is to explain the resilience pattern of rural settlements in Dehdez section of Izeh county. In the theoretical foundations section, various methods are explained based on previous research and theories, and then the conceptual model is presented. The study method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population under study includes all heads of households in rural areas above 20 households with 3003 people. The sample size was 341 according to Cochran's formula. The research tool includes a questionnaire with 60 questions. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and AMOS software and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations. The results indicate that each of the coefficients of impact of environmental-natural, social and economic indicators, institutional-managerial and physical-spatial on the resilience of rural settlements located in the research area are 0.73, 0.40, 0.19, and 0.25 respectively. In the resulting resilience pattern of the present study, the rural settlements of Dehdez district are generally in good condition in terms of resilience. This pattern places more weight on the natural index than on the human. As a result, in terms of natural-environmental index and adaptation to environmental conditions, villages have the highest resilience and in the institutional-management index, which requires organizational, institutional and human actions and efficiency, have the lowest resilience.

The physical development of rural settlements as one of the most important indicators of sustainable rural development, due to the establishment of a suitable environment and considering several indicators, can provide comprehensive development of villages. In Boeing Miandasht as one of the high-potential cities in terms of villages, especially in the southern and northern Karchambu villages, which have focused on physical issues, especially in the field of indigenous architecture, the use of robust materials consistent with local conditions and so far has not been addressed. On this basis, this research is a descriptive-analytical type in terms of its purpose. The statistical population included all the villages of the Karchambu district, and the statistical area of the whole area covers the two districts of southern and northern Karchambu. The statistical population includes 4465 villagers in the census in 2011. The sample size was 354 according to the Cochran formula, and 354 people were distributed among villages in terms of population size. In the inferential part and the analysis of the data using the Topsis inferential statistics method, Geographic Information System (Arc GIS9.3) was used to prepare the maps. The results indicate that according to the analysis of TAPSIS, it was observed that the villages of Beltaq, Hindukush, Takhmaqlu and Karach were ranked first to fourth in the Khalat Poshan village. Also, according to the village classification and development rate in the physical indices of the villages of the Karchambu district of the Boeing Miandasht district, they are classified in three levels of developmed, less developed and very little developed in terms of physical development. As only the three Hindu Kush, Takhmaqlu and Beltaq villages are located in the developed area, the remaining villages are located as follow (8 villages are less developed and 7 villages are very developed).

Poverty is a social, economic, political, cultural and political phenomenon that has long been the greatest of human problems, and human society, in spite of the tremendous changes that has taken place in various fields of science, is now struggling with. The present research is applied in a descriptive and analytical manner and is based on the studies conducted in this field and the analysis of the content of theoretical foundations and the extraction of indicators of poverty reduction on the one hand, and on the other hand, relying on the opinions of the relevant experts Using the Delphi model and the use of deep interviewing tools, the questionnaire, as well as the use of SPSS software in the statistical analyzes and ARC-GIS, GEODA TM and spatial statistics analysis were selected. The analysis shows that 8 villages in the high poverty range, 21 villages in a wide range, 8 in the medium range, 5 in low and 5 in the low range. The results also show that 3 cold clusters (LLL) and 5 hot clusters (HH) were identified in the region, which is the largest hot spot in the southeast of the city near Semnan and is located in villages In this spot, there is a high rural poverty and are adjacent to each other and is the largest cold spot in the northwest of the city and near the city of Tehran and Ray.

The term economic resistance has been raised by the Supreme Leader in recent years and then became the concept of political economy. Experts have commented on various approaches in this area. Some with the literature of economics, some with the Islamic economics literature, have also examined the role of the components of the fields of culture and politics in shaping the resistance economy. The present article, after defining the concept of resistance economy and extracting its components based on the charter of leadership, has tried to explain the role of rural settlements and villagers in realizing the objectives of the resistance economy. The method used in this research is documentary and field research, and the population of the study is a resident population in rural areas of Shahin Shahr and Meymeh in Isfahan province. The statistical sample included 395
inhabitants in 19 rural areas above the ten households of the mentioned city. Friedman test, one sample t test, ANOVA test and .... Among the statistical methods used in SPSS software to determine the priority and significance of resistance parameters in rural communities and determine the level of Correlation and meaningful variables have been used. Research findings show that villagers have a significant impact on the realization of the objectives of the resistance economy, including production and employment. In their view, the factors and social infrastructure and services with an average of (65/7) are more important and higher in achieving social-cultural goals of the resistance economy compared to other activities. Among the economic factors, the low prices of agricultural products, lack of access to suitable markets and disability in marketing activities, the existence of intermediaries and urban intermediaries with an average rating (57/7) are the most important barriers to the realization of the objectives of the resistance economy.

Like other biosystems, rural settlements are subject to varying dynamism and transformations due to their spatial positions and locations. They are affected by their spatial-locational positions and have always undergone changes over time. But the question is whether this transformation has been commensurate with the needs of the rural community? In the present study, not only the changes in the pattern and performance of rural houses are considered, but also it analyzes the role of spatial-locational factors affecting the typology of rural housing. Attention is also paid to the extent and scope of such structural changes in accordance with today's circumstances. Since the current study is based on a futuristic approach, it is considered as a development-oriented research in order to emerge a new thought. Both documentary and field methods were applied to collect required data and information. For the first, relevant books, articles, reports, documents, annual reports and other sources of information were reviewed, and for the second, 10 villages of a rural district namely western Kayar were selected as samples in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province. After completing the questionnaire, the data were processed using SPSS software. Findings of the present study suggest that: from a spatial-locational viwpoint, socio-cultural and economic components have more influence on the type of rural housing than the natural-ecological components. It also was confirmed that spatial processes have different effects on different places. The results show that, due to the profound functional transformations in rural houses in the study area, the adaptation to the natural environment has largely been replaced by adaptaion to urban plans. Therefore, There is a need to introduce a proper spatial-locational pattern to be in accordance with environmental characteristics and cultural features of the region. Such a pattern can deal with the heterogeneities and abnormalities that overwhelm the texture and pattern of the villages.

Al-Azeem as an international riverine wetland on the border of Iran and Iraq, fed by domestic and foreign runoff, has recently undergone changes such as reducing discharge and increasing industrial pollution because of various natural and human reasons. In this regard, this fragile environment and its nearby villages (with low, reducing and semi-migratory population) must be studied through field and local research. This is an applied, descriptive-analytic study, with a documentary and survey method for data collection. The study population was 120 heads of households and/or available informant people over 25 years old in 10 villages of Dasht-e Azadegan County. The study questionnaire was prepared in consultation with academic experts. It is rated based on a 5-point Likert-type scale with regard to specific local conditions. The validity of the questionnaire was estimated based on the Cronbach α (0.812). Indexes of economic and social consequences of water scarcity were examined via using the Chi-square test at significance level of 0.05. Placing 83% of these outcomes in the first order, showed the negative effect of water shortage on social and economic lives of villagers. According to the findings and observations, we recommend some suggestions such as following water right of environment, lowering oil activities, executing necessary standards of environment, tourism promotion, and more research on feasible solutions of water shortage of the wetland were recommend.

Nowadays, agricultural tourism is known as a part of rural business a tool for promoting rural economy and welfare of local communities. Farmers through agriculture tourism, entertainment, agricultural activities and products can offer especial experiences of rural lifestyle and culture to tourists. This research indicated the agricultural tourism potentials of the city of Jahrom from the perspective of strategic management and strategic suggestions are presented using the TOWS matrix analysis and prioritization stems. Information needed to determine the internal and external factors of TOWS matrix collected through the idea of experts in the field of tourism and agriculture of Jahrom city and distributed among experts through a questionnaire. In the next step the questionnaire (TOWS matrix) was designed filled in the forms. The results illustrated that invasive strategy, the strategy of preserving the present situation and the strategy of development of agritourism because of well-known of the city of Jahrom as the agriculture center, touristm demand for farmlands and agritourism destinations and organic products is the best strategy to support development of agritorism in the case study. Finally, for these strategies, suitable guidelines and recommendations were presented.

Tourism has a wide variety. One of the most interesting and perhaps newest branch of this trade is the rural tourism which has been recently considered by many countries all around the world. Nowadays, Due to urbanization and urban pollution, many program managers as well as investors consider rural tourism development as one of their concerns. Investment in macroeconomics is one of the basic variables not only it increases aggregate demand but also increases supply capacity of the economy. Studies have shown that investing in small areas with special attention to tourism can be considered as a high priority in sustainable development strategies and poverty reduction. Rural tourism development as a valuable and growing part of the economy is presented and in the field of investment, due to the availability of resources, low price and small size of projects compared to other tourism projects have less risks and costs.However, planning and investment ,no matter domestic or foreign, in rural tourism development can involve useful teachings in all fields related to tourism. The present study aimed to prioritize rural tourism in Isfahan province for investment and ranking the villages. Accordingly, this study is an applied one and the data are collected through library and field study; the researchers used and the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making for prioritizing the investment of the target villages. In prioritizing based on TOPSIS model the tourism-based villages including Ghourtan, Esfarjan, Domab, and poudeh are considered in the first to fourth rank, consequently, while the second priority is given to Targh, Ghehi, Abyaneh, Hardeng, Hosnijeh, Mashhad Ardahal, Soh, Kalahrood, Nisyan, Jaja, and Khafar which contain the fifth to fifteenth rank. Finally, Noshlaj, Aliabad, Mashhad kaveh, Mehrjan, Hanjen, Dore, Dangzlou, and Garmeh are considered as the third priority and contain 16th to 23rd rank.

1. The bond between urban and rural areas, the result of their mutual needs in a spatial system, is the basis of urban-rural continuity. One of such bonds is the transfer of agricultural goods from villages to urban market. The structure of production and the flow of agricultural products to urban market could be affected by factors such as access to natural resources, production capital and appropriate infrastructures, which altogether determine villagers benefit from the added value of this flow. Thus, the present research was performed with the goal of analyzing the structure of production and marketing of agricultural products in Dezful region. It aimed to understand whether or not this flow has established a bond and complementary relation between rural settlements and urban areas on a local and national level.
2. THEORETICAL In many of development theories, urban and rural areas are considered as two isolated entities. However, the balanced land development is fulfilled by urban-rural relationship. Accordingly, Douglas proposes regional network theory with emphasis on urban-rural relationships and refers to the necessity of a balanced spatial strategy and its substitution with a viewpoint isolating cities from villages. The investigation of the flow of agricultural products to urban market is also based on this viewpoint and with emphasis on urban-rural relationship.
3. The present research uses a descriptive method to analyze data derived from documentation and field study. The findings of the field study were obtained via interviews with relevant experts and individuals in crop production. These findings were also gained by a questionnaire about the attitudes of the subjects toward the research subject and variables, which was randomly distributed among the participants. The analysis of data was performed using SPSS software. Topsis model was used to prioritize the sample villages according to village – town capital flow. In order to increase the precision of investigating the flow in the mentioned region (Dezful central area), more than 25% of the total villages in this section consisting of 10 villages were determined as macro sample, and 363 households in the sample villages were chosen as micro sample by using Cochran formula and random sampling method.
The structure of production and flow of agricultural products in the region was investigated in the form of classified flows proposed by Douglas in his theory of regional networks including measures such as population flow, capital flow, product flow (transportation, marketing and their cost) and information flow.
4. The study of the structure of production and flow of crops in Dezfulshowed thata combination of different flows including the flow of people, capital, goods and information is producedat the heart of this structure and its flow. In order to supply the work force for agriculture, some have migrated from the city to the rural areas. However, the chi square (sig level) showed that there is a significant difference between the distance from city and local labor supply. The increase of distance leads to the overcoming of labor supply in rural areas. Capital flow is in two major forms: 1. receiving rent of farmlands by urban owners of the lands, 2. borrowing from urban investors to finance agricultural rural businesses. This causes the transfer of agricultural capital to cities. The correlation between the volume of agricultural production and the amount money borrowed from urban investors shows that the increase of production leads to their increase to provide capital. Water supply for agricultural lands and units causes the transfer of a part of the rural capital to city. The correlation coefficient (0.763) between these two majors and the volume of production shows the increase of capital transfer and the rise of production rate. Transportation companies focusing on market crops in the city of Dezful, which is monopolized by urban businessmen (market brokers), has caused the flow of another part of rural capital to the city. A significant level of 0.001 calculated from the Pearson test shows the existence of a significant relationship with an aaverage correlation coefficient between the volume of production and the commission received by the urban brokers. Unfortunately, information flow to get aware of market condition is only the result of interaction between rural farmers, on the one hand, and urban brokers (or farmers), on the other. Topsis model showed that regarding urban-rural relationship, Jateh was ranked the highest, and Ghale Tough was placed on the lowest level from among the sample villages and according to the measures of rural-urban capital transfer. This shows that the transfer of a major part of rural capital to the city happened from the first village in the above ranking.
5. The findings showed that the factors influencing the structure of agricultural product flow shape the bond between the settlements of the rural areas like Dezful and other cities on regional and national levels by using more urban areas in this process. Accordingly, commercializing crop production and linking them with foreign markets is an appropriate way to expand agricultural economy with the simultaneous goal of rural and urban development. On the one hand, creating a network of economic and information relationships among individual farmers, and on the other hand, the establishment of such relationships between individual famers and the major producers who are directly in touch with exportation market (to be in touch with global markets) could be a proper means in this regard. These relationships could unfold in the shape of establishing sale and marketing cooperatives; they could strengthen the positive bonds between rural and urban areas and finally they could develop regional development with the goal of modifying state policies, facilitating exportation networks and establishing required infrastructures.

Sending crops from rural areas to urban markets play a key role in increasing the scale of rural- urban linkages. Dezful, through the provision of marketing facilities and other infrastructure needed to transport product to market, causing connectivity rural areas to local, national and even international markets. The base on the villagers benefiting index of economic, social and political services at the rural area, the results showed that an increasing in revenue from delivering crops to urban markets is not effective not only on spot services, but also in the first and second grade. In a simple word, the average of rural incomes, is not related with benefit atall three levels of service that villager use of and about difference between villages this average do not be an increasing factor on increasing services This parameter of income of transfer the crops from rural area does not affect the positive linkage between village with urban area in the field of benefit of social and welfare services.

Rural Haddi Design is the first organized attempt And Comprehensive national that with the purpose Regulatory And Optimize land use in The physical context of Rural settlements Produce and running. Today, shortly after review and approval process with demand changes in a host of applications approved is facing a serious challenge. Subject that This Article will Review and identify the factors affecting it. For the purposes these study, In addition to using descriptive – analytical three methods of observation, documentation review and a questionnaire will be used. Data collected from 14 villages have a Haddi design conductor In the realm of research Evaluation and processing of data in SPSS software Shows That The Socio - Economic and Rural land use change in Haddi design, there is a significant relationship. Also Economic factors More than social factors Influence of land use change.

These days manpower as an unlimited source and as the focus of any development is proposed. Among these entrepreneurs is more effective role in economic development process. Research shows that positive correlation between economic growth and the number of entrepreneurs in a country there. Entrepreneur is a country that has a large number of commercial and economic incentives are stronger. This paper examines the impact of tourism as a second home on employment and entrepreneurship in rural areas Chahar Mahal va Bakhteari province (Case Study:Saman city, village of Cham Chang) and in a representative sample (n = 390) by Cochran, show that: -Contact Exists between the development of second homes and entrepreneurship.-Contact Exists between the development of second homes and indirect job opportunities.-Contact Exists between the development of second homes and create direct employment opportunities.