فهرست مطالب مهدی قدرتی میرکوهی

Few studies have investigated how positive psychology can be applied for parents of children with intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of positive psychological intervention on self-efficacy, resilience and life expectancy mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. The semi-experimental research method was a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. A sample of 20 mothers of children with intellectual disabilities were selected in a purposeful way and assigned to two experimental and control groups (10 people each group). The required information was collected through three questionnaires: Sherer General self-efficacy, Hope Schneider et al., and Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire. Participants were evaluated before the intervention, then positive psychological intervention was implemented for the experimental group in 6 sessions, and re-evaluated in the post-test and follow-up stage. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The Results showed that positive psychological intervention improved self-efficacy, resilience and life expectancy in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, it is suggested to use this intervention to improve self-efficacy, resilience and life expectancy in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.

The purpose of this research was to predict the overall recovery of children with autism spectrum disorder based on the communication skills and empathy of mothers. The research method was descriptive-correlation with regression design. The statistical population was all the mothers of children who were referred to the rehabilitation clinics of Tehran and their children in the fall of 1401, from which 90 subjects were selected using a targeted sampling method. To collect information, Jarbak's communication skills questionnaire (CKIJT; Queen Dam Institute, 2004), Albiru empathy questionnaire (BES; Albiru et al., 2009), and clinical general statements (CGI; of the National Institute of Mental Health, 1976) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, and multiple concurrent regression. The results showed that the communication skills and empathy of mothers have a direct and significant relationship with the recovery of children with autism spectrum disorder (p<0.01). Mothers' communication skills and empathy predict 46% of the child's recovery changes. Based on the findings of the research, it was determined that communication skills are a stronger predictor than empathy for the recovery of children. Considering the results of the research, mothers' communication and empathy skills can be used to predict the recovery of children with autism spectrum disorder. Also, it is possible to include the interventions in planning a comprehensive treatment program in rehabilitation institutions and speed up the progress in the recovery of children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness Mindful Self-compassion with focus on Islamic-Iranian life style program training on family functioning of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up. The population consisted of all mothers of children with autism referred to Kashan Autism Association in 2019 year. The sample consisted of 24 mothers of children with autism which were recruited through Targeted sampling. The sample were randomly assigned into two groups each of them 12 mothers as the experimental group and 12 mothers as the control group. The experimental group trained for 8 sessions in the field of Mindful Self-compassion with focus on Islamic-Iranian life style and the control group was put on the waiting list for a shorter version of the intervention. To measure the family functioning in mothers 60-FAD McMaster scale was used and descriptive statistics and analysis of Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data.

The results of the data analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that Mindful Self-compassion with focus on Islamic-Iranian life style training had a significant impact in Improve family functioning in mothers of children with Autism (p≤ 0/001).

Therefore, according to the results of the findings, The present program in Improve family functioning in mothers of children with Autism has been effective

The aim of the present study was to determine the Effectiveness of Mindful Self-compassion Training with Focus on Islamic-Iranian Life Style on the Modification of early maladaptive schema of Mothers of Children with Autism.This was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population of the study was all mothers of children with autism who were registered in the Autism Association of Kashan in 2019. The statistical sample included 24 mothers who that purposeful sampling method to participate in the study. They were randomly assigned into two groups (12 mothers in the experimental group and 12 mothers in the control group). The experimental group participated in the training for 8 sessions and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. To assess the early maladaptive schema, the Young questionnaire was used. To analysis the data Analysis of the variance with repeated measures was used. The results showed that Mindful Self-compassion with focus on Islamic-Iranian life style training had a significant impact in modulating the early maladaptive schema in mothers of children with Autism (p≤ 0/001). Therefore, it is concluded that the program training was effective in Modification of early maladaptive schema of mothers with autistic children.

Low self-believe and feelings of worthlessness are the most common negative mental and emotional states in the elderly with diabetes, which can have several side effects. Therefore, the present study was to probe the effectiveness of group logo therapy on self-belief and feelings of worthlessness in the elderly with type II diabetes. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population included all the elderly with type II diabetes in Qazvin. Stratified sampling method was performed on all eligible individuals in the statistical population. The research tools were Azadi’s self-belief questionnaires and Schwartz’s value scale. Having completed the questionnaires, 80 people with the lowest score in each component (46 females and 34 males) were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (23 women and 17 men in each group). The experimental group exposed to eight 90-minute Victor Frankel Logo therapy sessions. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistical method in SPSS-22 software. The results of indicated that experimental intervention was effective on increasing self-belief and reducing the feelings of worthlessness in the elderly with type II diabetes (P<0.05). The results also showed that gender factor is effective on increasing the effectiveness of group Logo therapy on increasing the self-belief in the elderly with type II diabetes but not on the effectiveness of group Logo therapy on reducing the sense of worthlessness in the elderly with type II diabetes. It is recommended to use a group Logo therapy program to increase self-belief and reduce the feelings of worthlessness in the elderly with type II diabetes.

Today, depression is one of the most common mental disorders and a strong problem in the life of the elderly. One of the coping factors with depression in the elderly is the issue of hope and resilience in them, which plays an important role in coping with stress and life threats and its adverse effects. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between resilience and hope with depression in the elderly.

The present study was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population included all the elderly in Khorramabad in 2019. The sample size of 357 cases was selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data collection scale included the Depression Inventory of the Elderly of Brink et al. Miller Hope Questionnaire and Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and simultaneous regression analysis to determine the predictive role of resilience and hope in the rate of depression in the elderly through SPSS 21.

According to the findings, the participants were in the age range of 60-93 years and of the 357 elderly participants in the study, 148 and 171 cases were male were female, respectively. The spouses of 65 of old adults were not alive. Moreover, 252 people lived with their spouse or family. The results of this study showed that there was a negative and significant correlation between resilience and depression (β= 0.48) and between hope and depression (β=0.71) in the elderly (p<0.001). This means that resilience and hope can predict depression in the elderly and together predict 51% of the variance of depression.

Considering that there is an inverse relationship between resilience and hope with the rate of depression in the elderly, the development of appropriate interventions to increase these two important components in old age seems necessary.

Challenges facing the elderly, which sometimes lead to a lack of positive adaptation and adaptation to these events, as well as a sense of helplessness in the face of circumstances and situations, can change satisfaction in old age. The aim of this study was to predict life satisfaction based on resilience and hope in the elderly and the priority of the role of hope in predicting life satisfaction .

The present study is a descriptive-analytical and correlational study. The statistical population includes all elderly people in Khorramabad in 1398. The sample size was 357 and the samples were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. Data were collected based on Millerchr('39')s standard of hope (1997), Connor and Davidsonchr('39')s (2003) resilience scale, and Dainer et al.chr('39')s (1985) life satisfaction. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis were used in version 21 of SPSS software.

Out of a total of 319 elderly people participating in the study, 148 were male and 171 were female and were in the age range of 60-60 years. The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between resilience and hope with life satisfaction and resilience variables (β=0.15) and hopefulness (β=0.47) are significantly able to predict life satisfaction in the elderly. (P <0.01) and resilience and hopefulness account for 33% of variance in life satisfaction scores. At the same time, there is a correlation between resilience and life satisfaction and 0.45 and life satisfaction and 0.56. These findings suggest that the predictor variable of hope is able to explain life satisfaction in the elderly with a higher percentage.

Therefore, resilience and hope will be able to predict life satisfaction in the elderly. At the same time, the variable of hope is more correlated with life satisfaction in the elderly, and there is a significantly significant and positive relationship between the two variables.

 Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions, i.e., characterized by impairments in domains, such as social interaction and communication across multiple contexts as well as the presence of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. ASD imposes high stress on parents or caregivers. The stress negatively impacts parents’ Quality of Life (QoL) and coping styles, and disrupts their daily and social functioning. Findings indicate that caregivers, especially the mothers of children with autism, experience a poor QoL. Considering the effects of caregiving for a child with ASD on the family members and particularly parents and their QoL, it is essential to provide a solution to improve their QoL. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of mindful self–compassion training with a focus on the Islamic–Iranian lifestyle on the QoL of the mothers of children with ASD.

 This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and three–month follow–up and a control group design. The statistical population of the study was all the mothers of children with ASD who were registered in the Autism Association of Kashan City, Iran, in 2019. The statistical sample included 24 mothers who volunteered to participate in the current study. They were divided into two groups of test and control (n=12/group). The inclusion criteria for the mothers were holding high school diploma or higher degrees, being married, not being pregnant, not having respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (according to their medical records), not receiving any psychological or psychiatric treatments (according to their medical and psychological records), and scoring ≤50 in the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL–BREF) (1996). Absence in two training sessions and not performing homework assignments were the exclusion criteria for the mothers. To develop a mindful self–compassion program focused on Islamic–Iranian lifestyle, based on the theoretical framework of cognitive–behavioral approach and Islamic teachings, the material was firstly extracted from works of Kabat–Zinn on mindfulness (2003), Neff and Germer on self–compassion (2013), Germer and Neff mindful self–compassion (2020), Gilbert and Procter on the compassionate mind (2006), Kalhori et al.’s mindfulness–based on Islamic–Iranian Teachings (2020), as well as the Islamic sources and texts, the Holy Quran, Nahj al–Balaghah, Bihar al–Anwar, Mizan al–Hikmah, Ghurar al–Hikam, the Masnavi by Rumi, the Divan by Hafez, and Saadi’s Divan. Subsequently, they were organized using the content analysis method and the content and tasks of each session were designed under the supervision of the advisors of this research. To evaluate the content validity, the program was presented to 9 specialists (6 clinical, general, & exceptional children’s psychologists with the academic rank of professor and assistant professor and >10 years of clinical experience, 2 specialist in theology, religions, and mysticism with the academic rank of assistant professor, and 1 Persian literature expert with the academic rank of an assistant professor). After obtaining the opinions of experts and applying them, to quantify the content validity of the program, the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), proposed by Lawshe (1975) and Waltz and Bausell’s Content Validity Index (CVI) (1983) were used per session. The CVR and CVI amounts were approved at 0.78 and 0.88, respectively. The program was first applied to a preliminary single–group study, consisting of 5 mothers of children with ASD, and a poor QoL; then, it was prepared for the final implementation. To measure the explored mothers’ QoL, the WHOQOL–BREF, a short version of QoL, i.e., developed by the World Health Organization was used in the pretest, posttest, and follow–up stages of this study. The experimental group received an 8–session training, one session per week, and each session lasted two and a half hours; the training was performed by the first researcher and the control group remained on a waiting list for training. A 15–minute break was included in all sessions. First, the obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistical measures, such as mean and standard deviation. The collected data were also analyzed by Studentchr('39')s t–test, Bonferroni test, Chi–squared test, and repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SPSS. The significance level of statistical tests was α=0.05.

 The repeated–measures ANOVA results for the QoL components indicated that in physical health, mental health, and social relationships, group factor (p<0.001), time factor (p<0.001), and time and group relation (p<0.001) was significant. In environment health, group factor (p=0.440), time factor (p=0.875), and time and group relation (p=0.071) were not significant. The results of Bonferroni post–hoc test suggested a significant difference between the mean scores of physical health, mental health, and social relationships in the pretest and posttest stages (p≤0.001), also in the pretest and follow–up stages (p≤0,001); however, no significant difference was found between the mean scores in the posttest and follow–up stages. Plus, there was no significant difference between the mean values of environment health, in the pretest and posttest stages (p=0.077), as well as the pretest and follow–up stages (p=0.091).

 The present research findings revealed that the mindful self–compassion with a focus on Islamic–Iranian lifestyle program training was effective in improving the QoL of mothers of children with ASD. Therefore, educational and medical centers can use this training to improve the individual and social functions of the parents and caregivers of children with ASD or other developmental disorders.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of work life of Qazvin education staff and predicting it based on career adaptability.

The research method was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population was all employees of three educational districts of Qazvin. According to the Kergci and Morgan table, 136 employees of this population were selected by simple random sampling method. Participants completed the Walton quality of work life and the Savicas career track adaptability questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analyses.

The results showed that the quality of work life of the employees is relatively high. In all three areas, none of the dimentions of quality of work life, except the overall living space, showed a significant difference. According to the results of this research, career adaptability of the employees was higher than average. Also, the findings showed that there is a significant positive correlation between career adaptability and quality of work life, so that by increasing adaptability, the quality of work life would increase. Results of stepwise regression analysis showed that among all dimentions of career adaptability, career control was a significant predictor of quality of work life.

Because the lowest score are belong to the adequate and fair payment, so in order to improve the quality of employees’ life work, the most important issue that should be considered by educational managers are financial affairs, salary and benefits. Since only in the general living space dimention that relates to the balance between work and family life, there was a significant difference among distinct 3 and others. District 3 employees got higher scores. According to the smaller size of the area and employees’ workload they haven’t prevented from family responsibilities. If other areas can reduce workplace problems, can create a balance between work and family of employees, that it increases the quality of work. According to the positive relationship between employees’ career adaptability and quality of work life, counseling can be taken to increase adaptability especially in terms of control in order to improve the quality of work life of the employees. Accordingly, the specific attention of descion makers on teacher’s work life quality, seems to be necessary.

Increased depression and feelings of loneliness as well as decreased social adjustment are among the most common psychological states in the elderly that may lead to several possible reactions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of life-reviewing techniques on social adjustment, coherence and integration, and loneliness in elders. The research included pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population consisted all elderly women living in day care centers in Khorramabad in 2019. Purposeful sampling was performed on all statistical population individuals eligible to the study. After completing Bell's social adjustment questionnaire, Flensberg's coherence and integrity, and Dehshiri et al.'s sense of loneliness, 30 subjects with the lowest scores in each component were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=15). The experimental group received 6 sessions of 90-minute training with the review techniques of Haight and Webster. Finally, posttest was administered to both groups. A follow-up test was also performed on the experimental group after one month. Data were analyzed using one-way covariance analysis in SPSS software version 22. The results of data analysis showed that life review therapy was effective to reduce loneliness, social adjustment and coherence and integration in the elderly (P <0.001). Reminding the memories of past as a treatment reduced isolation and loneliness in elderly, improving their sense of independence and self-reliance increased coherence and integrity, and involved them in a process of improvement, reviewing and re-examining the hardships and shortcomings of their lives. Getting rid of rumors and resolving old conflicts leads to improved social adjustment. Since this treatment was more well-known and tangible for the elderly, it could be used as an alternative treatment or complementary therapy in elderly counseling.

Narcissistic personality disorders are penetrating pattern of selfishness, the need for admiration and fragile self-esteem and impaired social relation associated with many communication problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of psychodrama on narcissistic personality disorder and its comorbidities (social isolation, lack of empathy, and anorexia nervosa). This was a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Statistical Population was all of girl’s graduate students in Qazvin Universities. At the beginning questionnaires administered on 150 students that selected by cluster sampling method, then 18 patients who had met criteria of narcissistic personality disorder selected based on purposeful sampling method and equally assigned in groups randomly, during the sessions we lost one patient in the experimental group and two patients in the control group. For the test group, sessions were held in 10, 60-minute sessions with in 5 consecutive weeks and control group was in waiting list for treatment. The instruments were Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Empathy Questionnaire, and Loneliness Scale for measuring social isolation, and Eating Attitude Test. Date were Analyzed by the use of covariance analysis. Results showed that psychodrama was effective on reduction of the narcissistic personality disorder’s symptoms, social isolation, anorexia nervosa and lack of empathy. The findings indicated that psychodrama is an effective treatment in the context of narcissistic personality disorder and comorbidities’.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is associated with sleep problems and sexual disorders. Among them, self-efficacy is an important indicator for adaptation to disease in diabetic patients, which helps them to discover and use their maximum ability for disease management. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the correlation between self-efficacy with sleep quality and incidence of sexual dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes.
In this descriptive-correlational study, 200 patients with type 2 diabetes, were selected using purposeful sampling method from Shahid Bahonar and Rajaei Hospitals of Karaj city. The data were collected by a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the Male Sexual Function Index (MSFI). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient.
In this study, a positive significant correlation was observed between self-efficacy and erectile function (p Based on the results of this study, sexual dysfunction and sleep disturbances are common in patients with type 2 diabetes, which negatively affect their quality of life. Therefore, paying attention to self-efficacy in health counseling for type 2 diabetic patients, can play an important role in their sexual function and sleep quality.

The Purpose of the present research was to examine the effectiveness of communication skills training on aggression in children with ADHD. The study population consisted of all children 9 to 12 years with ADHD from Omid Asr Rehabilitationat 2014. Sampling method was purposeful and 24 children with ADHD that have aggression selected (12 children experimental group and 12 control group). This is a quasi– experimental study with a pretest /post-test experimental and control group. In this study to experimental group communication skills training administered in 10 sessions and the control group not received training in this field. Instrument for the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was CSI.4 questionnaire and for aggression measured by parent form (CBCL) Achenbach were used. Results showed that Communication skills training were effective in reducing aggression in children with ADHD.Then, Communication skills’ training is a useful intervention for reduction of comorbidities with ADHD.

Oppositional defiant disorder is a common and disabling disorder in children, causing many problems for teachers, parents and children, and is associated with high rates of difficulties in social relationships; it may result in conduct disorder in adolescents and adults. The goal of this research was to study the effectiveness of Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers (LIFT) Program (Eddy, Reid & Fetrow, 2000) in preventing oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and social problems. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest posttest design. The statistical population of the study comprised all primary school boys with ODD symptoms in district 18 of Tehran. The sample was drawn using purposive sampling method and the subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental (N= 15) and control groups (N = 15). The instruments included Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Teacher Report Form (TRF), Social Problems subscale from Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001), and clinical interviews based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The collected data were analyzed by using covariance. Results indicated that LIFT program had a significant effect on oppositional defiant disorder symptoms from parents’ and teachers’ viewpoint. In addition, LIFT program had a significant impact on social problems based on parents’ and teachers’ point of view.

Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are vulnerable in behavioral, emotional, social and academic domain problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy on symptoms of ADHD in Adolescents. Quasi-experimental method of pre-test, post-test and follow up were used for experimental and control groups. Statistical population was all of 14-17 years of adolescents with ADHD who referred to Omid Asar Clinic in 2015. Participant (28N) adolescents were selected by convenience sampling and assigned in experimental (n= 14) and control (n=14) groups randomly. The Instrument was Conner’s parent rating scales. Experimental group received 8 sessions of mindfulness therapy and control group stand in waiting list. Data were analyzed by the use of covariance analysis. Results showed, mindfulness therapy was effective on hyperactivity, attention deficit and impulsivity. Findings indicated mindfulness therapy as a new psychotherapy were effective and proper to hyperactivity, attention deficit, and impulsivity symptoms in adolescents.

Oppositional defiant disorder is a common and debilitating disorder in children which is associated with high rates in attention and communication problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of coping power program on oppositional defiant disorder, attention problems and communication skills.
In the present study, quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test and control group was used. The sample includes 34 children with oppositional defiant disorder, attention problems and communication skills (18 children in experimental group and 14 children in control group) that were selected by purposive sampling. Tools included Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Children’s Self- efficacy for Peer Interaction scale (CSPI).
Coping power program with patents and children in experimental group was held in 16 sessions of 90 minutes from the beginning of 2014-2015 academic years to end of academic year. Control group addition to receive the usual counseling was on the waiting list for intervention. In addition the control group received a usual counseling visit.
Based on the results, coping power program had significant effect on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention problems in experimental children group, whereas no significant effect found for communication skills with peers.
Results indicated coping power program as an effective treatment for oppositional defiant disorder and attention problems. However, more research is needed and changes in the content of effectiveness in the field of communication skills seems necessary.

The aim of this study was to predict cognitive flexibility based on meta-­worry, anxiety, duration and dose of methadone use.
The current research was a descriptive-correlational one. The statistical population of this study included all male drug-dependents who were under methadone treatment in Qazvin in 2016. From among this population, 254 participants were selected via purposive sampling method and completed Wells's Meta-Worry Questionnaire (2005), Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988), and Dennis and Vander Wal's Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (2010).
The results of step-wise multivariate regression method showed that meta-­worry and anxiety significantly predicted cognitive flexibility in men under methadone treatment (p 0/05).
It can be concluded that meta-worry and anxiety have a negative significant correlation with cognitive flexibility. In this way, the high levels of meta-worry anxiety lead to low cognitive flexibility. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on metacognitive components for achieving high cognitive flexibility; in addition drug addicts under methadone maintenance treatment are recommended to use metacognitive therapy.

Social acceptability is one of the main aspects in social relations. The aim of this study was to compare body image and self-esteem of students with high and low social acceptance.
Research method was causal-comparative. 360 patients with cluster sampling selected from high school students in Qazvin¡ then 108 people from this number were identified as stars and isolated person by sociometry. In order to measure the variables of the questionnaire¡ the Cash''s Multidimensional Body-Self Relations (1990) and self-esteem scale (Rosenberg¡ 1965) were used. Data analyzed by using Analysis of Variance.
The results showed that there are significant differences between satisfaction of body image and self-esteem in isolated and stars¡ and the mean of body image and self-esteem of the stars is higher than isolated persons. Also there are a significant difference between high and low acceptable girls in body image and self-esteem. But there is not any differences between boys.
Results indicated that social acceptance is important in body image and self-esteem especially between girl students. Also high acceptance in group could be positive effect on attitudes toward self.

Stress and negative emotions has a role in prediction type 2 diabetes mellitus and Self- efficacy effectiveness on commitment to self- management behaviors.
To investigate predicting diabetes management self-efficacy base on hardiness and coping strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In this correlational study, patients with type 2 diabetes (57 mild and 59 severe) were selected by convenience sampling in diabetic outpatient clinics of Bu-Ali and Velaiat hospitals in Qazvin. Data were collected by demographical characteristics questionnaire and scales of Personal Views Survey (PVS), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale (DMSES). Then, data analyzed by T test and multivariate regression.
Findings: Results showed mild patient with diabetes are significantly higher than severe patient with diabetes in commitment, challenge and control subscales and total of hardiness. Also, mild patient most used problem solving and avoidance coping strategies and severe patient most used emotional oriented coping strategies. Mild patient have higher score in total of diabetes management self-efficacy. 75% of variance for diabetes management self-efficacy was predicted by hardiness and coping strategies. The total regression model explained that hardiness and emotional oriented coping predicted 0/43 and -0/36 of self-efficacy (P Components such as commitment, control, challenge, effective coping strategies (decrease negative feelings and emotional regulation) shared with diabetes management self- efficacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and must be paid attention to this factors for health counseling.

Some studies showed effects of therapies on behavioral disorder in children that focus on modification in children and neglect therapies base on education parent’s then, present study investigated the effect of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) base on Parental training on Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Research design was semi experimental pre- test post- test design. parents who had a children with ODD (age 8 - 10) that diagnosis with clinical interview, DSM-5 criteria and Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) parents reports form participated in the study (10 experimental and 10 control group). Clinical protocol from first session to final session (nine weeks) administered by parents training at home. Analysis of Covariance was data analysis method. Results showed that significant differences between experimental and control group on symptoms ODD. There was a significant decrease in the symptoms of ODD in experimental, and then CBT base on parent training was useful for ODD treatments.

Sleep disruption is one of the psychosocial issues in college students that in turn may effects on their lives in a harmful way. This study examines the role of individual، psychosocial factors and intensive scholastic schedule in disrupted sleep patterns among medical and paramedical students. In cross-sectional descriptive study، among students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences، 132 males and 169 females selected by convenience sampling and they complete the Beck Anxiety Inventory، Multidimensional Acculturative Stress Scale، Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire، Pittsburgh Sleep Symptom Questionnaire and Demographical characteristics Questionnaire. Data was analyzed by correlation and stepwise multiple regression. There was a significantly positive relationship among anxiety، stress and intensive scholastic schedule with global sleep disruption and related symptom severity (P<0. 001). In addition، anxiety، stress and intensive scholastic schedule has significant role on prediction of global sleep disruption and related symptom severity (P<0/001). Age، grade، and gender do not significant role on prediction of global sleep disruption and related symptom severity (P>0/05). In order to fighting with the effects of Anxiety، stress and intensive scholastic schedule on sleep health of college students، it is suggested that college students are supplied with psychological education on how to manage anxiety، stress and intensive scholastic schedule before occurrence of their harmful outcomes in sleep health.

Occurrence of nursing error is important issue in patients safety. This study was done to determine the role of workload، sleep، mental health and individual factors in occurrence of nursing errors. This descriptive study was done on 268 nurses who employed in hospitals of Tehran University during 2011. Data were collected by demographical information questionnaire along with work environment conditions، Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (GSAQ)، Pittsburgh Sleep Symptom Questionnaire (PSSQ) and Mental Health Inventory (MHI-28). Sleep distruptions (OR=3. 260، P<0. 002)، sleep behaviors (OR=2. 946، P<0. 003)، psychological distress (OR=2. 530، P<0. 006)، psychological well-being (OR=0. 775، P<0. 002)، and work overload (OR=5. 240، P<0. 009) significantly able to predict occurrence of nursing errors (P<0. 05). Work overload، sleep distruptions، sleep behaviors، psychological distress and psychological well-being cooperatively were resulting in occurrence of nursing errors.

Background and Successful smoking cessation is an important approach in promoting healthy lifestyle. This study investigated the role of self-efficacy، mindfulness and demographic factors in successful smoking cessation. In a cross-sectional descriptive study 284 people attending 10 smoking cessation clinics in Tehran were selected based on convenience sampling. The subjects included 86 people with successful smoking cessation and 198 cases without successful smoking cessation. All participants completed the Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ-12)، the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Demographic Factors Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Chi Square، t-test and Binary Logistic Regression in SPSS V. 16. The variables that significantly predicted successful smoking cessation were self-efficacy (OR=9. 816; CI: 3. 122-17. 282%)، mindfulness (OR=5. 664; CI: 1. 226-11. 258%)، female gender (OR=4. 009; CI: 1. 655-14. 556%)، university education (OR=7. 801; CI: 2. 866-18. 051%)، and appropriate socio-economic status (OR=6. 605; CI: 1. 467-12. 624%) (P<0. 001). Age did predict success of smoking cessation (p>0/05). Enhancing self-efficacy and mindfulness are believed to be appropriate strategies for increasing probability of success in smoking cessation programs and could be used as therapeutic intervention for smokers. Furthermore، educational level، socio-economic status، and gender are variables that could influence such programs.

The aim of the current study was to study the relationship between stressors, coping strategies and stress symptoms in parents of deaf student.

To obtain the stated goal two hundred parents (100 mothers, and 100 fathers) of deaf students haven been selected by means of cluster sampling and the following instrument were used to collect data: Questionnaire of Resource and Stress- Short Form (Friedrich, Green berg, & Crnic, 1983), Ways of Coping (Lazarous, & Folkman, 1984) and Stress Symptoms Indicators (Seyyed khorasani,1998). Analysis of data using correlation coefficient, multiple regression, and "t" test have been accomplished to address the stated questions.

Analysis of data revealed that there was a significant correlation between sources of stressors (familial factors, temperament of the child, and physical limitations) and stress symptoms (in behavioral, cognitive, affective, and physiological domains) in parents of deaf children. Moreover, data revealed that using emotionally oriented coping style increased stress symptoms in parents, whereas, utilizing problem oriented coping strategies reduced psychological stress of the parents. In addition, comparison of mothers and fathers revealed that fathers were higher than mothers in reaction to stressors, and showing behavioral symptoms of stress (i.e. aggression, and other hostile behaviors) fathers also were higher in using emotionally oriented coping strategies.

Utilizing problem oriented coping strategies can reduce stress symptoms in parents of deaf children.