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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mother-infant attachment and fear of childbirth in the postpartum period.

The data of this cross-sectional study were collected from 142 puerperal women who attended Kağızman Şahindere Family Health Center No. 1 and 2, Kars/Turkey and had a normal spontaneous birth between 2017 and 2019. The questionnaire developed by the researcher, WIJMA Birth Expectation/Experience Scale Version B and Mother-Infant Attachment Scale were used to collect data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normal distribution eligibility tests, Shapiro-Wilk test, Independent Samples T test after eligibility, One-Way Anova Tukey test, Kruskal Wallis H test, Pearson Correlation, and Bonferroni post-hoc test in dependent and independent variables were used to analyze data.

While the total average score of puerperal women from the WIJMA Birth Expectation/Experience Scale was 86.83+28.23, the total average score they received from the Mother-infant Attachment Scale was 9.40+2.21. There was a moderately positive significant relationship between the scores puerperal women received from the WIJMA Birth Expectation/Experience Scale and the Mother-infant Attachment Scale (p<0.05). It was found that the higher the score on the WIJMA Birth Expectation/Experience Scale, the higher the score on the Mother-Infant Attachment Scale.

It was found that as the fear of childbirth increased, the mother-infant attachment decreased. So it could be suggested that the pregnant women should be directed to the childbirth preparation classes to prevent negative effects on the postnatal attachment level of women due to their fear of childbirth.

Divorce as one of the most determining factors in the disruption of the family as the most important social institution and the basis of society is of undeniable importance. The complexity and growing number of divorce in all societies highlights the need for the comprehensive investigation of the relevant underlying factors of this social dilemma. The present study aimed to explore the tendency for divorce based on marital burnout and tolerance of distress by the mediation of loneliness in female applicants for divorce in Kermanshah.

The method of the research was descriptive and correlational which was conducted in the form of regression analysis and path analysis. The study population included all women seeking divorce in Kermanshah out of whom 100 samples were selected through availability sampling and asked to respond to research instrument. The data collection instrument in this study included marital Burnout Scale (MDS), Emotional Distress Tolerance Scale, and Social-Affective Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S). The resulting data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation at descriptive level and using the correlation test and regression analysis and path analysis at inferential level to reveal the mediating role by SPSS And Amos.

Data analysis results revealed that the scales of marital Burnout and distress tolerance have a direct effect on loneliness.

As for the research results, the tendency for divorce among the applicants can be curbed through training and counseling concerning marital Burnout, tolerance of distress and loneliness in women.

With increasing demand for fresh water and reduction in the investment cost of the renewable energy technologies, many of remote areas and small islands like the Abu-Musa Island are considered as potential markets for renewable energy based desalination systems. Therefore, in this paper, optimal investment of an off-grid hybrid renewable system is studied to supply customers electrical energy demand, as well as electrical and thermal energies required by the desalination units to provide drinking water consumed in the island. The simulation results for different desalination methods including multi-stage flash, multi-effect distillation, and reverse-osmosis are considered and analyzed. According to the results, although the average energy consumed in order to produce drinking water has the lowest value in reverse-osmosis method in comparison with the other two methods, but, the system net cost in the multi-effect distillation method is lower than the other two methods.

Aftimun and Koshuth are two popular plants with different indications in Persian medicine which are usually wrongly used instead of each other because of similar appearance. The word Aftimun (epithymum) is a Greek word; “epi” means “on” in Latin and “thymum” means “thymus”. Considering its meaning and its appearance which is mentioned to have a red color, the scientific name of Aftimun is Cuscusta epithymum that often grows on thyme and has black bile scavenging properties. It is applied for treatment of melancholia, mania, melancholic epilepsy, and melancholic headache.
Regarding Koshuth, it has been indicated that its stem is yellowish and its flower is small and whitish. Its seed is smaller than radish and circular and the best type is the fresh yellow with bitter taste which grows on thorns. These characteristics are matched with Cuscuta chinensis which is mostly seen on a camel’s thorn. In Persian medicine, koshuth is mentioned to be opener and remover of waste materials from vessels and tonifying agent of stomach, liver, spleen and blood vessels. It is also diuretic, emmenagogue, lactiferous and sudoriferous, laxative and uterus cleanser. Moreover, it is used for treatment of chronic fevers and splenomegaly.