bahram maleki

This study aimed to design a self-regulated learning model in students based on academic self-efficacy and motivational beliefs with the mediating role of psychological capital. The research method was applied in objective and correlational of structural equation modeling type in data collection. The statistical population included all students of Farhangian University of Kurdistan (2011 individuals) in the academic year of 2021-2022, among whom 300 students (162 males and 138 females) were selected by systematic random sampling. The Motivational Strategies Questionnaire (MSLQ), Academic Self-regulation Questionnaire (ASRQ), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), and Student Efficacy Scale (MJSES) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed with the structural equation modeling through SPSS and AMOS version 21 software. The results showed that the model fits the research data. According to the findings, the variables of academic self-efficacy, motivational beliefs and psychological capital have a direct and significant (P<0.01) effect on self-regulated learning. Also, academic self-efficacy and motivational beliefs through psychological capital have an indirect and significant effect (P<0.05) on self-regulation learning in students. Thus, the dimensions of psychological capital, by creating a platform for adaptive responses, can improve the relationship of self-efficacy and motivational beliefs with self-regulation in learning from different paths.

Academic buoyancy is one of the factors influencing learning and can affect students' academic achievement in various ways. The present study was conducted the aim of explaining the academic buoyancy of students based on family communication patterns and academic support through the mediating role of self-directed learning.

The research method was correlational of structural equation modeling type. The statistical population included all male and female students of junior high school in Sanandaj in the academic year of 2022-2023, from which 390 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. They answered Dehghanizade & Hosein chari’s Academic Buoyancy questionnaire (2013), Koerner & Fitzpatrick’s Family Communication Patterns questionnaire (2006), Sands & Plunket’s Academic Support questionnaire (2005) and Self-Directed Learning questionnaire of Cheng et al (2010). The data were analyzed with the structural equations modeling via Spss-24 and Amos-24 softwares.

The findings corroborated the good fitness of the model with research data. According to the findings, the direct paths from the conversational pattern, academic support and self-directed learning to academic buoyancy were positive and significant and for the conformity pattern was negative and significant. Also, the indirect paths from family communication patterns and academic support to self-directed learning to academic buoyancy were positive and significant and for the conformity pattern was negative and significant.

In conclusion, the self-directed learning can play a mediating role in the relationship between family communication patterns and academic support with academic buoyancy in students.

The purpose of this study was to develop a causal model of academic wellbeing among Farhangian University students based on its relationship with internal and external developmental assets and the mediating role of the sense of coherence. This research adopted a correlational design to investigate the relationship between the variables. The statistical population of the study included all students studying at Farhangian University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan Province, Iran, in the academic year 2020-2021. In total, 300 students were selected as participants using stratified random sampling. Academic well-being scale, Developmental assets questionnaire, and the sense of coherence scale were used to collect data. Structural equation modeling was performed using SPSS and AMOS (version 21) to analyze the data. Based on the results, the causal model confirmed the relationship between internal developmental assets, external developmental assets, the sense of coherence, and students’ academic well-being. Furthermore, both the sense of coherence and internal and external developmental assets were found to have a direct, positive, and significant effect on academic well-being. Internal and external developmental assets also had a direct, positive, and significant effect on the sense of coherence and an indirect positive effect on academic wellbeing through the mediating role of the sense of coherence. Therefore, it can be concluded that improving Farhangian University students’ internal and external developmental assets and sense of coherence can significantly enhance their academic well-being .

The main purpose of this study was to explain the academic emotions based on academic support and achievement goal orientation through the mediating role of academic self-regulation. The research method was correlational of structural equations modeling type. The statistical population included all male and female students of junior high schools in Sanandaj in the academic year of 2021-2022, from which 390 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. They answered the Academic Emotions questionnaire, Academic Support questionnaire, Achievement Goal orientation questionnaire and Academic self-regulation questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the structural equations modeling via SPSS-21 and AMOS-21 softwares. The findings corroborated the good fitness of the model with research data. According to the findings, the direct paths from the academic support, mastery and performance orientation to positive and negative academic emotions were significant (P <0.01). Also, the indirect paths from the academic support, mastery orientation and functional orientation through the academic self-regulation to positive and negative academic emotions were significant (P <0.01). In conclusion, the academic self-regulation can play a mediating role in the relationship between academic support and achievement goal orientation with positive and negative academic emotions in students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence in reducing students' dependence on social networks. In terms of purpose, this research is applied and in terms of method, it is a quasi-experimental research with pre-test-post-test design with control group and experimental group. The statistical population of this study was all female high school students in Tehran. A sample size of 40 people was selected by convenience sampling method and the classes were divided into two groups: az and whole. The measuring instruments of this research are Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and Facebook Dependency Questionnaire. Based on ﺍﻟﮕﻮ emotional intelligence training in the experimental group was performed in 8 sessions.After the training, the post-test was performed on the experimental and control groups to obtain the difference from the independent variable on the experimental group. Research data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that independent variable training (emotional intelligence) could lead to a significant difference in the mean scores of the dependent variable (dependence on consensus networks) in the post-test stage at the error level of 0.05. The results showed that emotional intelligence promotion training reduces high school students' dependence on Facebook and after 1 month, the effect of emotional intelligence promotion training on reducing Facebook dependence will continue.

The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between academic support and academic engagement with the mediating role of psychological capital. For this purpose, 230 students (108 females, 122 males) at the Farhangian University of Kurdistan were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using Sands and Plunkett’s, Academic Support Scale, Luthans and Avolio’s Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Reeve’s Academic Engagement questionnaire. Data was analyzed via path analysis using structural equation modeling. The findings corroborated the good fitness of the model with the research data. According to the results, the direct path from academic support to academic engagement, psychological capital to academic engagement, and academic support to psychological capital was significant (P <0.01). The indirect path from academic support to academic engagement through psychological capital was also significant (P <0.01).  In sum, the results of this research show that academic support by affecting psychological capital can lead to effective involvement of students in educational and learning activities.

This study aimed to explore the association between reducing perceived social interactions and self-regulation difficulties experienced during online studying, with mediating the role of students’ adjustment to online learning.
The research method was descriptive, of structural equations type. The statistical population included all students studying at Farhangian University of Kurdistan Province in the academic year of 2021-2022, from which 300 were selected by systematic random sampling. Glass's Interaction Questionnaire, Bouffard et al.'s Self-regulation Scale and Pavin Ivanec’s Adaptation to Online learning scale were used to collect data. The data were analyzed with the Pearson correlation and structural equation analysis method through Spss 24 and Lisrel 8.8 software.
According to the findings of the present study, students who perceive a greater decrease of academic social interactions, report more self-regulation difficulties during online studying. Furthermore, the perceived decrease of academic social interactions affects students’ adjustment to online studying. This mediator, in turn, affects the level of experienced self-regulation difficulties.
Based on the findings, it can be concluded that adaptation to online environments in the relationship between reduced social interactions and self-regulation in students has a mediating role.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of distress tolerance in the relationship between perceived stress, and a sense of cohesion with coronavirus anxiety in students. The research method was correlational to path analysis type. The statistical population included all Students studying at the Farhangian University of Kurdistan Province in the academic year 2020-2021, from which 300 were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using the Corona Anxiety Scale (CDAS, Alipour & et al, 2019), Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTS, Simmons & Gaher, 2005), Perceived Stress (PSS, Cohen & et al, 1983), and Sense of Cohesion (SOC, Antonovsky, 1993). In order to analyze the data, the path analysis method was used in SPSS and AMOS-21 software. The results showed that the model fits the research data (P<0.01). According to the results, perceived stress, sense of cohesion, and distress tolerance have a direct effect on coronavirus anxiety in students. Also, perceived stress and a sense of cohesion have an indirect effect on coronavirus anxiety through distress tolerance (P<0.01). Therefore, the results show that a high sense of cohesion and high distress tolerance, despite perceived stress, can prevent the impact of coronavirus stressors on human health.

The spread of Coronavirus is an important challenge for health care systems in Iran. Attachment styles, self-coherence and spiritual intelligence are the variables that can have a significant impact on mental health and quality of life in the elderly during the outbreak of Coronavirus. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of spiritual intelligence in the relationship between attachment styles and self-coherence with perceived stress during the outbreak of coronavirus in the elderly. This was a correlational study of path analysis type. The statistical population included all the elderly living in nursing homes in Sanandaj in 2021, among whom 270 (146 men and 124 women) people were selected using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Collins’s adult attachment styles, Antonovsky’s sense of cohesion, Cohen et al.’s perceived stress, and King’s spiritual intelligence Scales. The results of path analysis revealed that the hypothetical model has a good fit in the sample of this study. As such, secure and avoidant attachment styles had an indirect relationship with perceived stress through spiritual intelligence, and sense of cohesion indicated an indirect relationship with perceived stress through spiritual intelligence (P<0.05). The findings emphasize the importance of the relationship between attachment styles and a sense of cohesion with respect to the mediating role of spiritual intelligence in providing psychological assistance for the elderly in order to manage their perceived stress.

To study the shoot multiplication and to measure some biochemical parameters of Stevia under elicitors via in vitro condition, two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Accordingly, in the first experiment, the effects of two cytokinins, Kin and BAP, at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mg/L concentrations to pick the optimal concentration as shoot multiplication protocol and then the effect of chitosan (CH), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and yeast extract (YE) at 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L concentrations on plant growth and biochemical parameters of Stevia plant under in vitro culture was investigated as a second experiment. The primary experiment showed 2 mg/L BAP was the best regulator for shoot multiplication, therefore, supplemented with MS medium. The effect of various concentrations of elicitors showed a significant increase in shoot length and number. The highest amount of shoot length and number were observed in CH 200 mg/L, which showed a significant increase (70 and 95% respectively) compared to control plants. The effect of elicitors on biochemical parameters except for carbohydrates showed no effect compared to control. So that the water content and chlorophyll, showed more reduction with increasing doses of elicitors. The content of total carbohydrate was significantly increased by Chitosan 200, Methyl jasmonate 100 and Yeast extract 50 mg /L with relative to control. Overall, it was found that this research could be used as a proper protocol for mass production of Stevia rebaudiana as an economically valuable plant in tissue culture conditions.

The spread of Coronavirus seems to be an important challenge for health care systems in Iran. Cognitive emotion regulation and distress tolerance are thought to be the variables that can have a significant impact on mental health and quality of life in the elderly during the outbreak of coronavirus. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of distress tolerance in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and Corona disease anxiety (CDA) in the elderly. The research method was correlational, of path analysis type. The statistical population included all the elderly living in Sanandaj, Iran in 2021, among whom 300 were selected using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Alipour et al.’s CDA Scale, Garnefski & Kraaij’s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Simons & Gaher’s Distress Tolerance Questionnaire, and were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation method and path analysis in Amos software. The results demonstrated that the model fits the research data. According to the results, the path of positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies to CDA was mediated by distress tolerance (β=-0.17, P<0.05) and the path of negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies to CDA was mediated by distress tolerance (β=0.25, P<0.01) significantly. According to the results of the current research, it can be said that targeting the three components of positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation as well as distress tolerance in relation to treatments and psychological services can be effective for the elderly during the spread of coronavirus.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-esteem, with depression symptoms. The research method was descriptive and the statistical population was all of the undergraduate students at Farhangian University of Kurdistan in the academic year 2018-2019 with the quantity of 956 students. Among them, using systematic random sampling, 274 subjects were randomly selected and responded to Beck, Steer & Brown Depression Inventory (1996), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965), and Name Initial Preferences Task Nuttin (1987). The data of 253 subjects were analyzed using hierarchical multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that multivariate correlation coefficient for predictor variable of explicit self-esteem was -0.63 which is significant at (P <0.001, β= 0.58), but this prediction does not significant for implicit self-esteem. also, multivariate correlation coefficient for direction and magnitude of discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-esteem with depression symptoms was 0.93 which is significant at (P <0.001, β= 0.51). Based on these findings, those who have damaged self-esteem; show a higher level of depression symptoms and those with defense self-esteem; show a lower level of depression symptoms.

The purpose of this study was to accompany a number of positive and negative stimuli with students' self, by subliminal method in order to investigate the effectiveness of these stimuli on implicit self-esteem.

The research method was empirical study with experimental pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included 956 undergraduate students at Farhangian University of Kurdistan in the academic year 2018-2019 with the quantity of 956 people. Among them, using systematic random sampling, 90 subjects (45 males and 45 females) from the list of university students who had criteria for entering the study, were randomly selected and assigned to two groups of positive and negative manipulation and one control group. After measuring the implicit self-esteem by using the Name Initial Preferences Task as pretest, a computerized software of implicit self-esteem manipulation, was developed to manipulate the positive and negative implicit self-esteem. After performing the intervention on the experimental groups, implicit self-esteem of subjects was measured as posttest.

The findings of covariance analysis by controlling the effect of pretest showed that, positive manipulation caused a significant increase (P=0/001) in implicit self-esteem and negative manipulation caused a significant decrease (P=0/001) in implicit self-esteem.

Findings of the research showed that although self-esteem feelings can be derived from childhood experiences, thereafter can increase or decrease with use of the basic learning principles of classical conditioning.

Myrtus communis L. is a perennial and aromatic herb with numerous medicinal properties. Myrtus communis L is a medicinal plant that is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world. Propagation of this plant with cuttings or seeding is associated with particular difficulties. The long seed dormancy period and the production of small and weak seedlings are the disadvantages of seed propagation. The optimization of in vitro tissue culture to facilitate the extraction of the component of this plant is important. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the callus induction rate and callus initiation of Myrtus communis L. in different hormones.

This experiment required a large number of germinated seeds of Myrtus communis L. in a Murashic-Scug (MS) medium. The seeds began to germinate after 20 days. Then, germinated seeds were divided into three studied explants: shoot explants, root explants, and leaf explants in MS medium containing 2,4-D. After 7 days, the callus production was recognized. The explants then were used to evaluate the regeneration rate of Myrtus communis L. in the MS medium containing growth regulators kinetin, BAP, TDZ, and combining the two hormones (BAP+TDZ) at four levels (0-1-2-3) mgl-1.

The results of this study showed the highest callus regeneration rate and callus growth rate were obtained from the leaf explants. Kentin hormone was the least effective hormone for regeneration of Myrtus communis L. and TDZ hormone had a greater effect than Kentin and BAP hormones. Additionally, the combination of 1.5 mgl-1 BAP with 1.5 mgl-1 TDZ, produced the highest callus regeneration in leaf explants.

From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the regeneration of Myrtus communis L. is feasible through the application of leaf explants and a combination of BAP+TDZ hormones.

Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest living organisms on the planet, which is why it is also known as a living fossil. This plant is native to China and Due to its valuable compounds such as ginkgolides and bilobalid has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine because of its valuable compounds such as ginkgolides and bilobalid. Global attention to this effective plant in the treatment, control and even prevention of a wide range of diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's, impotence, concentration disorders, vascular disease and immunity has led countries to use biotechnology-based methods for laboratory culture of this plant. The first reports of the use of biotechnology methods in ginkgo culture back to the 1950s. In the following years, various methods were studied that some of them was failed but they are the foundation of the widespread laboratory culture of ginkgo in the world from 1957 to 2020.

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship, and discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-esteem, with depression syndromes, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population include all of the Farhangian University of Kurdistan students in the academic year 2017-2018. 95 volunteers participated using a voluntary sampling method in this research. Measurement tools included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Name Initial Preferences Task, Beck Depression Inventory, beck suicide ideation Scale, and Loneliness Scale. The results with hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that explicit but not implicit self-esteem was negatively associated with depression syndromes, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. Simultaneously implicit and explicit self-esteem was associated with suicidal ideation. Furthermore, the size of the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem was positively associated with depression syndromes, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. In addition, the direction of the discrepancy was an important: damaged self-esteem was consistently associated with increased levels of depression syndromes, suicidal ideation, and loneliness, while defensive self-esteem was not. In sum, these findings provided a new insight into the relationship of implicit and explicit self-esteem with depression syndromes, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. Therefore, conceptual models that include only explicit self-esteem and neglect the effects of implicit self-esteem need to be re-evaluated.

IntroductionConstitutive promoters such as CaMV 35S, which is usually widely used in the plant genetic engineering express downstream genes in the all stages of plant life and in all tissues and if a transgene expressed at incorrect tissue and time perhaps unexpected results would be seen in plant growth. To avoid disadvantages of constitutive promoter function identification and isolation of tissue-specific and strong promoters is very important in genetic engineering. Beta phaseolin is one of the strong seed-specific promoters that controls the expression of about 50% bean seed proteins. Extensive studies in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and transgenic tobacco have revealed that the promoter for the beta-phaseolin storage protein gene (phas) is stringently regulated. Expression is very high during embryogenesis and microsporogenesis but is absent in vegetative tissues. The utilization of this promoter to optimize the production of seed proteins in bean sand other recombinant proteins in other plants would be will be useful. According to the above-mentioned advantages about seed specific promoter, this study has been conducted to identify and isolate the beta phaseolin gene promoter from bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and clone it in pBI121 plants vector.
Materials & MethodsBioinformatic analysis help the prediction of promoter intensity, proper separation and synthesis of artificial promoter. According to bioinformatic analysis, specific primers using gene runner, vector NT and primre 3 softwares were designed and by using these primers, promoter sequence was amplified from bean genomic DNA, Due to the size of amplified fragment, its authenticity was confirmed. In the next step, the desired sequence ligated into the cloning vector pTZ57R /T and by using PCR and digestion reactions was confirmed. The aim of this study was to isolate beta phaseolin of bean and its use in the preparation of gene constructs. For this reason, we subcloned fragment in plant expression vector (pBI121) and cloning was confirmed by colony PCR and digestion.
Results & DiscussionThe results showed more than 20 factors cis such as ACGTSEED2, opaque-2,E-box, legumin box, endosperm box and etc are in beta phaseolin promoter that play a role in the high expression and specificity. ACGTSEED2 factor that is unique in the phaseolin promoter has major role in the expression of specific genes in the seeds of beans. G-box sequence is one of important cis factors. This factor is of responding to abscisic acid, promoter activity is reduced to 2.6% by removing the G-box. Functional E-site may be necessary to complement the G-box-mediated promoter activation, hence acting as a coupling element. The vicilin core sequence (GCCACCTCA) was initially described as a part of a large vicilin boxThe vicilin box (henceforth, this term refers only to the core sequence) is found in the promoters for many seed storage proteins. There is also three TATA box is activated as the promoter core and Plays an important role in being a strong promoter and high expression. Previous studies and portions of the current study confirm that 295 bp from beta phaseolin promoter is relevant seed-specific expression that consists of three parts; 1- Sequence 68 bp (227 to -295) that known as Seed Specific Enhancer (SSE) 2- The middle part (109 to -127) 3- base promoter ( to -109). SSE, base promoter and the middle part simultaneously causes increase in gene expression. OSE (Organ specific elements) factors are in the legumes promoters like beans, soybeans, alfalfa, etc, and related to the symbiosis of these plants with the Rhizobium bacteria. Therefore, in this study isolated completely sequence of the beta phaseolin promoter were shown. But it is advisable that if there are restrictions on the size of the promoter and the promoter artificial synthesis can be separated 295 bp of the beta phaseolin promoter sequence.
ConclusionThe promoters are important part of gene constructs and necessary for production of recombinant proteins in genetically modified plants beta phaseolin promoter is a strong and seed-specific promoter, so it has ability for the production of recombinant proteins and building gene constructs.

the study of self esteem is one of the most common methods for studying individual differences in psychology.Acording the theory of the relationship between self-esteem and cardiovascular function ( Martinz , Greenberg, and Alan, 2008 ) self-esteem it can be related with feelings of safety in the encounter with threat and stress
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between explicit and implicit self-esteem levels, with heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure as index of cardiovascular.
This study was a correlative study on a sample of 320 subjects of university with random sampling. Explicit and implicit self-esteem of subjects measured entering to laboratory of university and then blood pressure and heart rate were measured.
The results of Spearman's correlation coefficient and regression analysis showed that btween explicit self-esteem and cardiovascular function parameters were significant negative (p>0/01) correlation in all three cases. Regression analysis of data showed that explicit and implicit self-esteem could significantly predict systolic blood pressure and heart rate. In both cases, implicit self -esteem are more predictive power than explicit self-esteem.
In overall results showed that low self-esteem significantly can be predictive of high heart rate and blood pressure and otherwise, high self-esteem can be predictive of low heart rate and blood pressure.

As a healthcare providing establishment, hospitals can be affected by sources of noise pollution which then impose negative effects on the health and comfort of patients and personnel. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between sound annoyance and general health in the personnel of university affiliated and non-university affiliated hospitals in Shiraz.

The present descriptive analytical study was conducted in four university affiliated and non-university affiliated hospitals in Shiraz with a sample size of 300 using a predetermined equation and according to the results of previous studies. The instruments used in the study included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Noise Annoyance Scale (NAS) and an audiometer (CEL-440 model).

The present study found a small inverse relationship between the total general health score in the hospital personnel and the sound pressure level at university-affiliated hospitals (r=-0.103) and a direct positive relationship at non-university affiliated hospitals (r=0.274), which were not statistically significant (P≤0.05). The relationship of somatic symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, social dysfunction and depression to sound pressure was inverse and small (r=-0.195 and P≥0.05). However, there was a direct positive relationship between general health and sound annoyance (r=0.266 and P≤0.05).

According to the results obtained, noise levels are higher than the acceptable exposure limit in university-affiliated hospitals, which affect both the patient's and the personnel's general health, necessitating the adoption of control measures.

One of the most common researches of individual differences in psychology, is self- esteem. In recent years, as a result of "dual process model" that emphasizes the importance of reflective processes and automated processes, cognitive psychology studies focused on the two types of self-esteem: explicit self-esteem (ESE) and Implicit Self-Esteem (ISE). The purpose of the present study was evaluation the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) properties of Name Initial Preferences Task (IPT) in Iranian society and its adaptation with the Persian language alphabet.Methodes: A descriptive correlational research was carried out on 420 subjects (239 male, 181 female) university undergraduates with stratified random sampling. In study 1, the reliability of IPT with using Cronbach's alpha and split-half and test-retest within 14 days of the 280 samples obtained. in study 2, to determine the validity of IPT, along with IPT, The scales of RSES, PANAS, and GHQ was conducted on 140 subjects. Correlation between IPT in test-retest 84/0 and alpha coefficient and split-half, respectively, 87/0 and 89/0. Also IPT scores significantly correlated with GHQ (56/0), PA (44/0), RSES (30/0) and NA (36/0-) indicate convergent and divergent validity of the scale. Counclusion: The overall results showed that the reliability and validity of IPT is Competente for Implicit self-esteem in the Iranian society. The suitability of psychometric characteristics of this scale, it can be useful measure for evaluating the Implicit self- esteem of iranian in non-clinical populations. Similarity of this results with researches of foreign languages ​​suggests that the suitability of the Persian language in the scale. Keywords Name Initial Preferences Task (IPT); explicit self-esteem; implicit self-esteem; Reliability; Validity

The present study seeks to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive strategy instruction on the reduction of mathematics learning disorder among primary school students. This research is an experimental study with pretest-posttest on experimental and control groups. The population involves all primary school students of Saghez city who have learning disorder. Using simple random sampling method, 30 students were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the cognitive strategy instruction for 10 sessions (1/20) hours. Data were collected through Keymath scale. In order to show the diffrences between groups, the means and standard deviations of control and experimental groups were calculated. Then, analysis of covariance was used for final data analysis. Results showed that cognitive strategy instruction amended student's mathematics learning disorder; that is, cognitive strategy instruction has a positively significant effect on the performance of the students with learning disorder.

A recent surge in narcissism research by personality and clinical psychologists has been prompted thanks to the development of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory)NPI-40). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of NPI-40.A total number of 410 (234 male and 176 female) students in the academic year 2011-2012 with an average age of 25-26 years were selected through stratified sampling to serve as the subjects of this study. They completed NPI-40, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III (MCMI-III) and Extraversion Agreeableness Subscales of Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The reliability coefficients of internal consistency, test-retest and concurrent validity were also reported.The results showed that the total NPI-40 test-retest reliability and internal consistency were 0/81 and 0/77, respectively. The correlation coefficients between NPI-40 and MCMI-III and Extraversion Agreeableness Subscales of NEO-FFI were also reported at 0/82, 0/73 and 0/68, which indicate a satisfactory convergent validity for NPI-40.Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the seven-factor model of NPI-40 fits the Iranian sample. MANOVA results also indicated that the total score of Narcissism for men is significantly higher than the one for women.