fatemeh shakeri

Traumas have always been one of the most significant types of injuries to the body, among which burn wounds are notable. The recent study was designed to investigate the characteristics of chitosan hydrogel and Burdock root extract, along with the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on burn wounds.

chitosan hydrogel containing Burdock root extract was designed as a wound dressing. Additionally, a HIIT regimen was designed and implemented for the groups three weeks prior to the start of the study. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. All groups were evaluated on days 7th, 14th, and 21st days after wound induction based on macroscopic and microscopic parameters.

The results of macroscopic evaluation indicated that the wound contraction percentage in the first and second weeks showed a statistically significant difference in the group receiving HIIT and hydrogel, compared to other groups. In the third week, although there was no difference between the groups received only HIIT, H2, and H3 which only received hydrogel, all three groups demonstrated a statistically significant difference compared to the control group. Regarding the microscopic evaluation, all three groups performed better than the control group in terms of angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, inflammatory cells, collagen deposition, and fibroplasia, with slight differences among them. Among these groups, H2 showed superior performance in all parameters compared to other groups.

The recent study demonstrated that HIIT prior to wounding and the use of chitosan hydrogel containing Burdock root extract as a wound dressing, each individually, and positively influenced wound contraction and improved pathological wound healing factors. Additionally, the combined approach of HIIT and the use of this hydrogel can enhance the effects of each one on wound healing and rehabilitation.

Subject: 

The present study was conducted with the aim of nanoemulsifying Thymus vulgaris essential oil to increase its stability and investigate its antibacterial effects on E. coli DH5α bacteria.

First, the initial microemulsion was prepared in the oil phase and then it was transformed into a nanoemulsion by ultrasound. The amount of surface charge, viscosity, particle size and morphology of essential oil nanoemulsion was investigated by zeta potential device, DLS and TEM electron microscope.

The results showed that the zeta potential of nanoemulsion containing 10 and 30% essential oil was -11.5 and -11.1 mV, respectively. The morphology of the nanoparticles of both samples was spherical and the average size of the nanoemulsion nanoparticles with 10% and 30% essential oil was 43 and 30 nm, respectively. The results of the antibacterial effects of nanoemulsions showed that the nanoemulsion containing 10% essential oil (v/v), with a volume of 30 µl, and the nanoemulsion containing 30% essential oil (v/v), with a volume of 20 µl, had approximately 50% inhibitory effect (IC50) on the growth of E. coli DH5α. Also, the primary essential oil showed approximately 50% inhibition (IC50) on bacterial growth in 20 µl.

According to the stability of the produced thyme essential oil nanoemulsions, it can be concluded that the antibacterial effects of this compound have increased compared to the original essence.

Brain tumors are the consequence of abnormal growth of cells, which may be benign or malignant depending on the nature of the constituent cells. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most prevalent types of central nervous system tumors. Due to the resistance of glioblastoma tumor to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the impracticality of complete tumor removal because of its aggressive nature, finding a novel approach is always of great interest. Studies conducted under laboratory conditions indicate that cold plasma destroys cancer cells without harming normal cells. Owing to the complex nature of plasma, its biological effects rest on the characteristics of the source and the type of target being treated. Therefore, in this study, two basic issues including the optimization of plasma jet voltage, time and distance for the treatment of glioblastoma cancer cell line and the effect of a mixture of 5% molecular oxygen gas with helium and argon working gases on the viability of these cells were investigated.

Human glioblastoma cancer cell line U-87 MG was purchased from the cell bank of Pasteur Institute of Iran. For the optimization to occur, five working voltages, three plasma nozzle-to-cell distances and a treatment duration were considered, and the viability of the treated cells was measured by MTT test and based on the manufacturer's protocol. After configuring the experiment under optimal conditions, five treatment durations were investigated. In the experiment to investigate the effect of plasma jet working gas on the viability of cancer cells, 5% oxygen gas was added to helium or argon working gas and the results were compared. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and Statistica softwares.

The results of voltage and distance optimization demonstrated that the working voltage of 4.5 kV and 4 cm distance proves to be more effective on the programmed death of U-87 MG cells for the selected plasma jet configuration. In addition, the results showed the inverse dependence of treatment time and survival of U-87 MG cells. The combination of 5% oxygen molecular gas with helium and argon led to an increase in survival rate and as a result, a decrease in plasma effectiveness.

In general, the present study indicated that different parameters of plasma jet, including voltage, duration of treatment, distance and type of working gas have an effect on the viability of U-87 MG cells, and the optimal treatment conditions for each cell line are specific according to the type of the device.

In this paper, we construct a difference potentials method (DPM) based on the locally one-dimensional (LOD) technique to solve the two-dimensional nonlinear convection-diffusion interface problems. The advantage of using the LOD scheme is that the linear system resulting from the auxiliary problem has a simpler structure and can be solved efficiently and accurately with less central processor (CPU) time. Numerical results validate the robustness, accuracy, and efficiency of the proposed method.

Using natural oral supplements is one of the methods of complementary medicine that has been widely welcomed in the last decade Since studies have reported contradictory results for effectiveness of herbal medicines during menopause and no other more effective herbal medicine has been suggested yet, the researchers of this study decided to compare the fennel and Evening Primrose Oil (EPO) and their effect on menopause problems and sex hormones.

The present study was a triple‑blinded, controlled clinical trial with 125 participants randomly assigned to. An intervention group received fennel, another intervention group received evening primrose oil, and the placebo group received placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. Pre‑intervention and post‑intervention results were obtained using hormonal assay and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS).

In this study, the mean follicle‑stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels changed significantly in the fennel and EPO groups compared to placebo (p </em>< 0.001). The difference in the mean FSH score between the fennel group and EPO group was not significant (p </em>= 0.304), but the difference in the mean estradiol level between these groups was significant (p </em>= 0.043). Moreover, there was a significant difference in the mean MRS score between the intervention groups before the intervention (p </em>< 0.05). However, the difference in the mean MRS score between the fennel and EPO groups was not significant after the intervention (p </em>= 0.322).

Consumption of fennel and EPO can significantly change FSH, estradiol, and psychological menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Due to the suitable physical characteristics of 89Zr as a PET radionuclide and affinity of Trastuzumab monoclonal antibody against HER2, [89Zr]Zr-Trastuzumab was prepared and went through preclinical evaluations for ultimate human applications.

89Zr was produced by using 89Y(p,n)89Zr reaction at a 30 MeV cyclotron (radionuclide purity>99.9%, specific activity of 17 GBq/µg). p-SCN-Bn-Deferoxamine (DFO); was conjugated to trastuzumab, followed by labeling with 89Zr in oxalate form at optimized condition. Cell binding, internalization and, radioimmuno-activity assays were studied using HER2+ BT474 and HER2- CHO cell lines. Finally, the biodistribution of the radioimmunoconjugate was assessed in normal and HER2+ BT474 tumor-bearing mice using tissue counting and imaging at different intervals after injection. Also, a woman with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer under treatment with Herceptin underwent both [89Zr]Zr-Trastuzumab and, [18F]FDG PET/CTs.

89Zr was produced with high radionuclidic and radiochemical purities (>99%) and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Trastuzumab was prepared with radiochemical purity of >98% and specific activity of 9.85 GBq/µmol. The radioimmunoconjugate was stable both in PBS buffer and in human serum for at least 48 h. The radioimmunoactivity assay demonstrated about 70% of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Trastuzumab is bound to the BT474 cells at the number of 250×106 cells. Cell binding studies showed that about 28% of radioimmunoconjugate is attached to BT474 cells after 90 min. Internalization studies showed that 50% of [89Zr]Zr-Trastuzumab is internalized to BT474 cells only in 6 h. The biodistribution study of the labeled compound in normal mice demonstrated the same pattern of the monoclonal antibodies which is entirely different from the biodistribution of free 89Zr. Biodistribution and imaging studies in tumor-bearing mice showed the significant uptake values of [89Zr]Zr-Trastuzumab in tumor sites. [89Zr]Zr-Trastuzumab PET/CT revealed metastatic lesions documented previously with [18F]FDG PET/CT scan in a woman with breast cancer who was under treatment with Herceptin. Although the [18F]FDG PET/CT scan had better quality images, the valuable and unique advantage of [89Zr]Zr-Trastuzumab PET/CT is delineating HER2+ metastasis, which is essential in diagnosis and HER2-based treatments.

The prepared [89Zr]Zr-Trastuzumab has a high potential radio-pharmaceutical for immune-PET imaging of the patients with HER2+ tumors.

There are few evaluation about the effects of Fennel and Ferula on human polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The goals of this study were to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two medicinal plants of the Apiaceae family (Fennel and Ferula) in management of PCOS. The sample size was 47 participants with PCOS who were randomly divided into 3 groups. The Ferula assa-foetida L group received 100 mg of Ferula (n=14), the Foeniculum vulgare group received 46 mg of Fennel (n=15), and the placebo group received placebo twice daily for 3 months (n=14). Before the intervention, there were no significant differences between groups in terms of clinical parameters, endometrial thickness, or ovarian volume. After the interventions, the number of ovarian follicles was decreased in the Ferula and Fennel groups as compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). The number of ovarian follicles in both ovaries in the Ferula and Fennel group decreased and this decrease was significant in the right side as compared to placebo group. Our findings showed significant changes in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DEHAS) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels after the intervention (p<0.03) between the Ferula and Placebo groups. Since use of Ferula could make significant changes in TSH and DEHAS levels and decrease the number of right and left ovarian follicles compared to Fennel and placebo, it can be concluded that this herbal medicine is more effective than Fennel in managing PCOS.

It is expected that the expression of key enzymes of the glycolysis pathway, specially PFK-1, increases tumor cells and so enhances the function of this pathway. The p53 and HIF-1 proteins are regulators of the expression of PFK-1 and LDH enzymes. This study was performed to investigate changes in the expression of PFK-1, LDH-A, p53, and HIF-1α genes to identify metabolic changes in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) samples. A number of 30 tumors and their adjacent normal tissue samples from surgically approved NSCLC patients were used. Total RNA from each tissue was extracted. The changes in mRNA levels of PFK-1M, LDHA, p53, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) genes were evaluated in tumor and normal tissues of all patients using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Finally, statistical analysis was used to determine significant differences and the relationship between changes in mRNA levels. According to the results, there was no significant difference in the mRNA levels of these genes between tumor and normal tissues. A significant difference in the mRNA level of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) between adenocarcinoma (AdC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) tumor types was observed (P=0.014). Also, the difference between the mRNA level of LDHA and HIF-1α in metastatic and non-metastatic samples was significant (P=0.035 and P=0.046 respectively). Age and male gender were directly associated with an increased risk of NSCLC. The results of the present study revealed that the increase in mRNA level of PFK-1 and p53 may be involved in NSCLC initiation, and an increase in LDH-A and HIF-1a is associated with a metastatic phenotype.

Infectious wounds are one of the most important problems of today's society, which lead to a delay in the stages of wound healing. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common infections in trauma wounds. Ganoderma as an important mushroom with bioactive compounds that has been widely used in traditional medicine on P. aeruginosa. This study aimed to assess effectiveness and antimicrobial properties in this mushroom on P. aeruginosa.   Polysaccharide compound was extracted from the Ganoderma lucidum mushroom by the Soxhlet method and then purified, and the determination of concentration and characterization was done by FTIR method. Then, effect of polysaccharide on P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 was evaluated on MIC and MBC by broth dilution tests. Next, alginate/collagen polysaccharide hydrogel was synthesized by thermal method and the toxicity was evaluated on L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. Fifteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups namely control, positive control, and Al/col/Ps. Histopathological changes were studied. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. MIC and MBC concentration of the polysaccharide compound against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were calculated as 1.56 and 3.13 mg/ml, respectively. In this study, the sample cell viability with an acceptable survival rate of > 70% (toxicity < 30-35%) was the same as the control, indicating non-toxicity compared to the control sample. According to wound histopathology, wound closure (86%), fibroblast 18520, hair follicle 4, angiogenesis, collagen, and epidermis were significantly higher in the Al/col/Ps system group compared to the control group. In addition to antimicrobial activity against the standard P. aeruginosa, the extracted polysaccharide plays a significant role in infectious traumatic wound. Our results demonstrate that the Al/col/Ps hydrogel system can be recommended as a potential treatment for trauma wound infections.

The purpose of this research is human resourse management (HRM) oriented to knowledge exchange impronement. This research use mix exploratory method. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 30 managers, and employees of a chosen organization. Following open and axial coding, the theoretical model was constructed. According to coding results, a questionnaire was designed and was distributed among 235 members of those organizations. After gathering questionnaires, the data of 164 questionnaires were used for analyzing structural equation model (SEM) and validity and stability of model by SMART PLS. Results showed validity and stability of model and also conformity conceptual model and reality confirmed by goodness of fit index. According to results weakness in behavior in HR people in HRM department, policy making violation and weakness in doing duties lead to negative apperiasal of HRM support of participation. Negative internal intension affect on extent of motivation in doing knowledge exchange. Totally, this study determined deterrent condition for knowledge exchange in HRM and effect of them on knowledge exchange. Organizations can improve this factors to increasing contribution in knowledge exchange.

Quinoa, Chenopodiom quinoa Willd., is an annual plant native to South America and the Andes mountains. It is a plant from the spinach and sugar beet family and despite its high nutritional value it can be cultivated well and produces a suitable crop in conditions where lands have low or limited fertility. Due to the high tolerance of quinoa to salinity stress, this plant was selected for cultivation with unconventional water sources. Given the lack of conventional water in Iran, especially in the southern regions, the use of unconventional water and the identification of tolerant plants with the ability to grow in saline conditions are important. Accordingly, due to the limitation of non-saline water, the use of sea water in coastal areas and low-yield lands can lead to agricultural prosperity in these areas.

This investigation was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of different concentration of the diluted sea water on germination traits and some morphological parameters of three quinoa cultivars including Red-Carina, Q26, and Q29 as factorial arrangement in completely randomized design with six replications. The used different concentrations of salinity in this study were 1.5 (control), 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 dsm-1. To evaluate the germination traits, seeds were sown in petri dishes and then 10 ml of different salinity levels were added and petri dishes were placed at 25 °C for one week and the number of germinated seeds was recorded daily. The radicle exit was the criterion for germination. At the end of the period, germination percentage, germination rate, mean daily germination, peak value, and germination value were recorded. To investigate the effect of salinity on the morphological characteristics of quinoa, seeds were sown in the pots containing field soil at a depth of 1.5 to 2 cm. After sowing the seeds in the pots, irrigation with tap water was done until the germination stage according to the plant's water requirement. After ensuring the establishment of the plants (in the 4-leaf stage), salinity treatments were applied. Then the different traits such as the plant height, the number of lateral branches, the number of leaves, the length and width and area of the leaves, the length of inflorescence and seed weight were measured. The obtained data were analyzed using SAS 9.1 software and the means were compared using PLSD at p<0.01.

Based on the results of analysis of variance, there was a significant difference between the studied cultivars (p<0.01) in terms of germination percentage, germination rate, mean daily germination, and germination value, but salinity had no significant effect on germination percentage. The results also showed that no significant interaction between salinity and cultivar was observed in the percentage and germination rate as well as the peak value. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of salinity and cultivar on different morphological properties measured at p<0.01 were statistically significant, but the interaction of cultivar and salinity was significant only on the leaf length, width and area. The results showed that with increasing salinity from 9 to 12 and 15 dsm-1, a non-significant decrease was observed in germination rate compared to the control. With increasing salinity up to 15 dsm-1, the plant height, number of lateral branches, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf area decreased and the highest yield was related to Q26 cultivar. Compared to the other two cultivars, the Q26 cultivar showed less sensitivity to salinity conditions in different traits such as leaf size and number, number of lateral branches, height before and after flowering.

In general, it can be said that salinity did not have an adverse effect on the germination rate of quinoa seeds and in some cases accelerated germination. However, at high salinity level, it affected some vegetative traits such as leaf and branch characteristics and inflorescence length. It seems that by performing a proper management in the field, the establishment and growth of this plant at levels of salinity can be guaranteed.

Piperine is a natural compound obtained from the Piper nigrum that exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-cancer activity in cancer cell lines. We analyzed the cytotoxic effect of piperine combined with cisplatin compound in the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and the underlying mechanism.

The present in vitro study was performed on MCF-7 cell line in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences between, Jahrom, Iran from 2016 to 2017. Cultured MCF-7 cells were seeded into four groups: a control group (untreated group), a group treated with cisplatin, a group treated with piperine and a group treated with cisplatin and piperine. Cell viability was analyzed using the MTT assay method. Flow c-ytometric analysis was investigated for apoptosis. The mRNA and protein expression of the apoptotic regulators p53, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9 were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis.

Piperine (20 and 30 µM) in combination with cisplatin (5, 10 and 15 µM) for 24 h synergistically inhibited cell viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells more than piperine and cisplatin used alone. Synergistic anti-breast cancer activities cisplatin (5 µM) and piperine (20 µM) were via inducing apoptosis. Piperine (20 µM) and cisplatin (5 µM) for 24 h induce apoptosis strongly through reduction of Bcl-2 and increase of caspase 3, p53, caspase 9, and Bax.

Piperine in combination with cisplatin could trigger p53-mediated apoptosis more effective than cisplatin alone in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, reducing the toxic dose of cisplatin used in cancer chemotherapy.

Considering the growth of antibiotic resistance and the study of new ways in Nanobiotechnology, this study examines the therapeutic effect of silver nanoparticles on E.coli bacteria to control and find new treatments against ESBL isolates of Escherichia coli.

For 100 samples of Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance was determined by disc method for 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics and then for DDT confirmatory isolates. The effect of silver nanoparticles on ESBL isolates by well diffusion method and further on MIC and MBC was also done. SPSS software was used to analyze and evaluate the results and in all cases p <0.05 was considered significant

The rate of resistance to 3 antibiotics of the third generation cephalosporin in this study was 45%, 20%, and 44%, respectively. A confirmation test in the presence of Clavulanic acid showed that 85.5% of the samples were an ESBL and the most inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles was obtained by diffusion method at concentrations of 4000 ppm, 2000, 1000. The highest MIC values belonged to the concentration of 15.62 ppm and the lowest MIC concentration was 7.8 ppm. In determining MBC in isolates, the highest and lowest concentrations with a fatal effect were 62.5 ppm and 7.8 ppm, respectively.

The minimum concentration of nanosilver is 7.8 ppm and MBC obtained to eliminate E.coli 7.8 ppm.  Therefore, the colloid silver nanoparticle solution exhibits an excellent antibacterial activity at low concentrations.

Dental anomaly in number, size, and shape might occur during dental bud morphodifferentiation stage. Gemination and fusion are the most common anomalies. Gemination exhibits two joined crowns and usually a single root. This case report presents a geminated maxillary lateral incisor in a 15-year-old female admitted with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis and normal apical tissues. Clinical examination revealed deep palatal caries and the patient had no swelling and fistula. Responses to both percussion and palpation were normal. After root canal treatment, the patient did not present any signs and symptoms.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces pro-inflammatory cytokines expression including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and these cytokines are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Curcumin has anti-atherogenic effects and anti-inflammatory properties in the vascular wall, but the relative mechanisms are almost unknown. In the present study, we investigate the effect of curcumin on modulating the pro-inflammatory action of TGF-β in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and its molecular mechanisms. Cultured VSMCs were seeded into several groups: a control group (untreated group), a group treated with TGF-β, and several groups treated with TGF-β plus inhibitors. The cells were pre-treated with diphenyleneiodonium chloride, DPI, (20 μM), curcumin (5, 10 and 20 μM) and N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine, NAC, (10 mM) and then TGF-β (5 ng/mL) was added to the culture medium. The mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. For monitoring the Smad2 linker region phosphorylation (pSmad2L), the western-blotting technique was applied and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by utilizing 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate-based assay. TGF-β increased the mRNA expression of IL-6 (p=0.02 and p=0.001) and TNF-α (p =0.014 and p = 0.001) in a time-dependent manner, ROS production (p=0.03) and Smad2L phosphorylation (p=0.015). Pre-treatment with curcumin, DPI and NAC inhibited TGF-β–induced IL-6 (p=0.04) and TNF-α (p=0.001) mRNA expression, Smad2L phosphorylation (p=0.02) and ROS production (0.03). Pharmacological inhibition by Curcumin blocks TGF-β–induced ROS production, Smad2L phosphorylation, and IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression in human VSMCs.

Periapical diseases are the result of untreated pulpitis or inadequate treatment of root canals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of different periapical lesions according to demographic variables in patients attending the departments of oral pathology in Mazandaran province, Iran 2012 to 2017.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 233 biopsy samples were studied. The age and sex of the patients and the location and type of periapical lesions were investigated. Data analysis was done in SPSS V24 applying Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA, and Tukey test.

Biopsies belonged to both males, n=118 (50.6%) and females, n=115 (49.4%). The mean age of the patients was 37.8 years (12 to 84 years old). In this study, 152 (65.2%) lesions were radicular cysts, 50 (21.5%) were dental granulomas, 7 (3%) were osteomyelitis, 22 (9.4%) were residual cysts, and 2 (0.9%) were lateral cysts. The most common sites of involvement were the posterior region of the mandible (48.8%) and the anterior region of the maxilla (24.2%). 

Periapical lesions in teeth are highly prevalent, so it is important to increase people awareness on oral hygiene and prevent these lesions.

Widespread usage of contraceptive pills and Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) as an injectable contraceptive can affect various biochemical and physiological factors, such as lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the use of oral contraceptives, medroxyprogesterone acetate and natural birth control methods with biochemical and physiological markers.

In this study, the serum samples of all subjects (200 women taking depo-Provera, 200 taking contraceptive pills and 200 women who had natural birth control) were collected. Then fast blood sugar, lipid profiles, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and BMI were measured and recorded.

There was no significant difference between the mean and standard deviation of FBS and HDL between the three examined groups, but there were significant differences in lipid profiles biomarkers, blood pressure and BMI among three groups. Indeed, mean TG, LDL, cholesterol, BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed significant higher levels in contraceptive pills users compared to other groups. Also, in the users of depotmedroxyprogesterone acetate, the mean of TG, LDL, cholesterol, BMI and systolic blood pressure was significantly higher than the natural birth control users. There was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of the duration of the contraceptive method usage, which indicated that the depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate was utilized for a long period of time in compared to other methods. In addition, contraceptive pills users were more likely to suffer from headache and nausea, and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate users experienced changes in their menstrual cycle, such as spotting.

It seems that oral contraceptive has no significant relationship with serum HDL level, and cholesterol is more affected by contraceptive drugs. 

Goal:

 This study aimed to investigate the meditative role of early maladaptive schemas in relationship between attachment styles and coping styles among patients who referred to addiction abortion centers in Abhar.

Using multistage cluster sampling method, 234 addicts were selected as sample. The Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Hazen & Shaver, 1987), Folkman and Lazarus’s Coping Styles Questionnaire (1985), and Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (Yang, 1998) were used as research tools.

The findings showed that the mean of safe, avoidance, and ambivalent attachment styles was 2.90, 2.73, and 2.94, respectively. The mean of emotion-oriented and problem-oriented coping styles was 2.33 and 2.36, respectively. The mean of exclusion, self-regulation and impaired performance, other-orientation, inhibition, and inappropriate restrictions schemas was 3.09, 2.85, 3.28, 3.38, and 3.25, respectively. The findings also showed that there was positive and significant correlation (0.24) between early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles. The correlation coefficient of attachment styles and coping styles was calculated to be 0.18; this was significant. Also, there was a significant correlation between early maladaptive schemas and coping styles whith correlation coefficient of 0.3.

The results of the analysis of the coefficients indicated that the identification of attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas and the use of coping styles can prevent the occurrence of narcotics.

Public health issues and spread of diseases are directly related to the regional geography. The present study was designed and conducted to investigate geographical distribution of Malaria in southern Fars province in Jahrom city using the Geographical Information System (GIS).
In the present Descriptive study, the geographical coordinates of each patient were determined for spatial analysis of malaria. For spatial analysis, Moran’s index autocorrelation and kriging interpolation method were used in GIS-10.3 software.
A total of 136 cases of Malaria had occurred during the study years. The highest annual parasite incidence related to 2006, 2007, and 2008 with incidence rate of 0.15, 0.108, and 0.116 in every 1000 people respectively, and since 2008, with a slight fluctuation the incidence of Malaria had had a descending trend, with Moran index of 0.04 and Z-score of 0.33, indicating random distribution. The results obtained from Kriging method and Jeefoo et al. classification showed that the risk of incidence is very high(0.275 per 1,000 people) on the margins of Jahrom city (P=0.73)(Moran index=0.04)(Z-score=0.33)
This study indicated that the prevalence of malaria in the margin of the city of jahrom is more than central areas. Spatial Analysis of the disease also can be a useful tool in malaria prevention and control program by showing hisk risk areas for malaria and it can help to assess environmental factors.

The Accident is an event that causes damage to be detected. Increasing in traffic accidents threaten the community health promotion. Physical, financial and psychological disadvantages of accident are essential to invest a public health priority. This study evaluated the epidemiology of accidents and injuries of motorcycles and bicycles riders in Jahrom city. In this cross-sectional study, 14111 accidents accidents motorcycles and bicycles Jahrom emergency census registration statistics were extracted from 89-93 years. The data gathered by a check lists of 115 emergency care. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression by software version 14. 62.7 % were facing urban accidents. 57.9 % and 61.4 % of injury of accidents on the day in children under 30 years old. 1.3% of fatal accident and others were injury. Most accidents occurred in the 12 to 2pm and 18 to 20pm. Most prevalent trauma, a blow to the organs (41.2%) and head trauma (28.9 %). Car-motorcycles (50.3%) and motor reversal (32.9%) were the most vehicle accidents involved. Occupants died at the crash area (OR= 2.77), season (OR= 1.15), age (OR= 0.624) and sex (OR= 2.065) were associated. Fatal accident motorcycle riders, are mostly outside the city and daylight, those occurred in early age and men and most commonly injuries are a blow to the organs and head trauma. Therefore, educational planning necessary to inform people about accident risks and use of helmets. On the other hand, emergency activities focus in suburban accidents and timely on scene presence.

The purpose of this research is tracking the intrapersonal factors that have affect onindividual employee’s engagement in knowledge sharing. The method of this research is mixed method and for qualitative analysis, the data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 30 top and middle managers and employees of a public organization and some its affiliated private companies from the Yazd Power Industry. Following open and axial coding, the theoretical model was constructed. According to coding results, a questionnaire was designed and for quantitative analysis was distributed among 248 members of these organizations. After gathering questionnaires, the data of 164 questionnaires were used for analyzing structural equation model(SEM) and determining validity and reliabilityof model by SMART PLS. Results showed validity and reliability of model and also conformity conceptual model with reality was confirmed by goodness of fit index. According to results, the person’s positive attitude to knowledge sharing and one’s overall beliefs, interests, ethos, personality, behavior and also genetic, family and educational specificities influence in creating good feelings about knowledge sharing and leads to willingness to engage in knowledge sharing. By regression analysis, the intervening role of organization department, place, type of work and time of knowledge sharing was confirmed. Totally, this study determined effect of intrapersonal factors in willingness to engage in knowledge sharing by a mixed exploratory approach. So, organizations can improve these factors to increasing contribution in knowledge sharing .

One of the most important goals of blood transfusion organizations throughout the world is to provide healthy blood and prevent the transmission of various infectious diseases with blood. Viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV)ccc and HIV are the most important and dangerous threats to the blood transfusion system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C, hepatitis B and AIDS in healthy blood donors in Ilam province, west of Iran.

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV was evaluated in 145273 blood donors from 2007 to 2017 who referred to the blood transfusion center of Ilam province. Screening for HIV, HBV and HCV was done with ELISA.

From 145,273 donors, 249 cases were HBV positive, 66 were HCV positive and 6 were HIV positive. Among the total number of people infected with these viruses, 202 were married and 119 were single. The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in men was significantly higher than in women (P <0.01). Meanwhile, the rate of disease was higher in individuals over the age of 40 compared to those aged 20 to 40 years old (P <0.01).

The results of this study revealed that blood-borne infections in blood donors in Ilam province have a lower prevalence regarding the results of other studies carried out in other regions of Iran as well as other countries. The exact screening of the blood of male donors over the age of 40 is essential. Therefore, the accurate selection of blood donors is recommended with a view to ensuring the safety of blood recipients, with the emphasis on the sensitivity and specificity of screening methods.

The aim of this paper is to design and study the manufacturing feasibility of a Bremsstrahlung spectrometer for measuring hard X-ray emission spectrum of Damavand Tokamak. For this purpose, a set of lead filters with increasing cut-off energies and GR-200 thermoluminescence dosimeters were used. The matrix equation which describes the relation between energy spectrum of hard X-ray emission and absorbed dose in thermoluminescence dosimeters was extracted by applying superposition principle and the values of coefficient matrix are obtained by performing a simulation procedure using Monte Carlo N Particle (MCNP) code. Irradiation was performed using Damavand tokamak and the hard X-ray emission spectrum was measured by unfolding method. The results show that the proposed diagnostic tool can be used as a photon spectrometer for unfolding energy spectrum of hard X-ray radiation of Damavand tokamak at 100keV-2MeV energy range.

Hydrogels based on natural ingredients, such as alginate, are considered promising wound dressings. Alginic acid, a polysaccharide polymer, is a structural component of the cell walls of brown algae. The important features of alginates used in biological dressings include non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and excellent swelling behavior.

In this study, the effects of alginate hydrogels and commercial alginate dressings were studied with regard to wound recovery in a rat model.

Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups of five. One wound measuring 1 × 1 cm square was made on each rat using a template. One rat in each group was euthanized on the 4th, 7th, 14th, and 21st days, and skin samples were taken for histopathological analysis.

The findings showed that the average total time of wound healing in the synthetic alginate dressing group was similar to that of the commercial dressing group. In this study, we found that synthetic alginate hydrogels were much more convenient for wound dressings and for the treatment of surface wounds.

The treatment outcomes showed that our synthetic alginate hydrogel dressing was highly promising as an alternative wound-healing system, opening a new path toward future research and development.

The effectiveness of topical phenytoin on wound healing has been cited in several research papers. However, methodological flaws and inappropriate controls, as well as the absence of randomization and double blinding devalue most of them.

We attempted a more stringent assessment of topical phenytoin powder and its role in the enhancement of wound healing.

76 rats were assigned and divided into two groups: phenytoin-treated and normal saline-treated. Phenytoin and saline were applied on incised open wounds in both groups. The efficacy of phenytoin and normal saline applications was assessed via morphological and histological evaluation over a 4-week period.

The results showed considerable reeducation in epithelization in the phenytoin-treated group vs. the control group over the study period. Neovascularization and tensile strength were significantly higher in phenytoin-treated rats as well. There was an insignificant difference regarding wound contraction time.

Phenytoin application promoted wound healing. The healing properties of topical phenytoin powder were better in wounds.