hossein heidari

From the beginning of time to the present, man's most significant concern has been to solve the mystery of death in a way that makes it possible to distinguish humans from animals by predicting death and the afterlife; as a result, this can also be seen in the earliest myths of humanity. The construction of the majestic Pyramids of Egypt and other opulent monuments further supports this assertion.The attitudes and beliefs of four Middle Eastern mythological categories—Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Hebrew Bible, and Zoroastrian—about and after death are reported, examined, and contrasted in this article. This article aims to address issues like whether death is a natural part of human existence or if it has become accidental. Who is the one who created death? God, man, or the evil power of the cosmos? Does dying have to be a pleasant or unpleasant experience? What qualities do heaven and hell have in these myths? Who was the first victim of murder or death? In the other world, are all people or only a few judged? How is the resurrection judgment carried out, and who are the judges? While the myths of Egypt and Aryan Zoroastrianism, despite the geographical coexistence of their adherents, don't have many similarities, a comparative analysis reveals that the myths of Mesopotamia and the Hebrew Bible (also known as the so-called Christian Old Testament) do.

The world have witnessed the increase in natural disasters. Which requires the active participation of people in their management. The participation of neighborhood emergency response groups is one of the ways to strengthen participatory crisis management at the neighborhood level. This research aims to investigate the factors affecting the performance of neighborhood emergency response volunteers (DAVAM groups) in Tehran, Iran. 

This is a descriptive-correlational quantitative survey. The study population consists of the members of DAVAM groups from all 22 districts of Tehran. A convenience sampling method was used for recruiting 395 participants. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire measuring different performance dimensions in DAVAM groups. After excluding incomplete questionnaires, the data of 380 volunteers were used for analysis. The data analysis was done using path analysis.

Group stability and perpetuation (β=0.326), satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.226), and commitment to the group (β=0.214) had a significant direct effect on group loyalty. Also, group stability and perpetuation (β=0.623) and satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.137) had a significant direct effect on commitment to the group. Group stability and perpetuation (β=0.630) had a significant direct effect on satisfaction with membership in the group. Moreover, group stability and perpetuation (β=0.295) and satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.029) had a significant indirect effect on group loyalty. Also, group stability and perpetuation (β=0.087) had a significant indirect effect on commitment to the group. Etiology of dropout from the group (β=0.220), satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.312) and commitment to the group (β=0.334) had a significant direct effect on group loyalty. Also, etiology of dropout from the group (β=0.176) and satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.485) had a significant effect on commitment to the group. Etiology of dropout from the group (β= 0.256) had a significant direct effect on satisfaction with membership in the group. Moreover, etiology of dropout from the group (β= 0.180) and satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.162) had a significant indirect effect on group loyalty. Also, etiology of dropout from the group (β=0.124) had a significant indirect effect on commitment to the group.

Active participation in DAVAM groups is affected by psychological, interpersonal, and organizational factors. When volunteers perceive a strong sense of in-group identity in these groups, they may show higher levels of commitment, satisfaction, and loyalty. On the other hand, effective leadership that strengthens the out-group identity can minimize the volunteers' internal conflicts and positively affect their commitment and satisfaction.

Nowadays, the media have been developed. Influence of social media has led to the defeat of the governments' monopoly. Along with raising public awareness, helping to understand social relations and discrimination, the media has increased the level of users' expectations. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of the media, including traditional and new media, on the political ethnocentrism of Talesh ethnic. The method is survey and the statistical population are people over 15 years. The sample size is 430 that determined by Cochran's formula. The data collection tools is a questionnaire. The validity has been confirmed with face validity and confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha. The findings showed that satellite channels and online social networks have a positive effect on political ethnocentrism; but there isn’t relationship between political ethnocentrism and traditional media, religion, education, age and gender. The results showed that political ethnocentrism is increasing under the influence of satellite channels and social networks. Unlike in the past, when the traditional media moderated and controlled political ethnocentrism, neglect of this media has caused to have no effect on the Talesh ethnic. Even the religious differences hasnot been able to moderate this variable.

One of the main goals of rural development programs is to empower rural communities and solve the problems of these communities through the facilities and capacities of the local community. In this article, an attempt has been made to identify and prioritize the needs of the villages of Malekshahi City from the point of view of the local community. The field of study includes all 27 villages in Malekshahi. Qualitative research methods and participatory needs assessment and techniques are used in focus group meetings. It has been tried to identify and prioritize their basic needs from the point of view of the local community by holding focus group meetings of at least five people and involving different groups and strata of the residents of the villages. The findings showed that the four needs of mobile phone coverage and mobile internet, work and employment, provision of quality drinking water and water piping, and the creation of educational infrastructure for children's education are the most important needs of the villages of Malekshahi city from the point of view of the local community. The results showed that the needs of the local communities are more infrastructural and directed to the government institutions. The root of this issue can be traced to the centralization of the country's political administration, the weakening of the traditional social hierarchy, and the small contribution of local stakeholders in local management.

Sustainable development is often raised as a social issue that companies should pay attention to; because it presents both opportunities and challenges. In this regard, national oil companies should adapt their strategies to help their economy be more flexible in the global energy transition. Several leading Middle East and North African (MENA) national oil companies control large, undeveloped reserves with low production costs. This article by using case study methodology tries to identify the strategies of national oil companies in the MENA region in the age of energy transition. The argument of the article is that with the increase of uncertainties and the prospect of lower prices in the long term, the national oil companies of the Middle East and North Africa are considering different strategies to adapt their business models to these changes. The transition from extractive companies to the development of energy value, the transition from volume-oriented to value-oriented, more attention to natural gas and diversification in the downstream industry are the most important strategies of these companies in the age of energy transition. Meanwhile, countries in the region are also trying to pay more attention to corporate governance and transparent public communication to increase efficiency.

Society's advancements, including the recent emergence of online social networks, have led to shifts in how people engage in leisure activities. This article seeks to provide an image of the ways in which common leisure activities are performed within the family and analyze the impact of virtual social networks on these practices. The research method utilized was a survey, and the statistical population comprised individuals over 15 years of age residing in Tehran. The sample size was determined through Cochran's formula and amounted to 600 participants. The sampling method employed was a multi-stage cluster sampling technique, and participants were randomly selected through the appropriate sampling method. The study's results revealed that the family remains the primary focus for engaging in joint leisure activities. The role of relatives was found to be negligible, while the position of friends was elevated. The duration of time spent on virtual social networks, as well as the amount of usage, was found to diminish the frequency of family trips and recreational activities, whereas maintaining a real identity and actively participating in these networks strengthens joint leisure pursuits among family members. The findings suggested that virtual social networks have a two-fold impact on joint leisure activities. The observed changes indicated a fracture in kinship bonds within society, accompanied by novel developments in interpersonal relationships, where non-selective social connections are transitioning towards selective ties based on shared interests rather than blood relations.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the influence of Clergymen on religious groups, we endeavored to gather information about their attitudes towards the Corona phenomenon from the quarantine to the vaccination periods, in order to gain a deeper understanding of how this group impacts religious-social life in Iranian society. To do present study, the researchers used a qualitative method to capture the attitudes of Clergymen in Qom, which is the central hub of their various spectra. Questioning was carried out in two stages: first, from the December 2020 to the February 2021 and the second stage, in January 2022. This research was conducted by the use of questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. According to the contextual method, only the responses of 51 clergymen with fewer errors have been considered as the main true data. The research findings of the first stage indicate a conservative attitude among them. In the second stage, the results reflect a shift towards a more open-minded attitude based on the clergyman's experiential encounters with the challenges of the corona-virus. However, in both stages, the predominant attitudes of respondents are conservatism in response to contradictions, dogmatism in response to religious orders, and fundamentalism in response to religious emotions. Based on the research methodology, the data cannot be generalized to other Clergymen.

In this study, the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in Hormozgan province was investigated in the form of economic development programs. For this purpose, to investigate inequality and poverty at the level of the country and Hormozgan province, the detailed data of the income-expenditure plan of Iran Statistics Center, the non-parametric Gini coefficient index and the poverty gap rate were used. Also, in order to compare inequality and poverty between urban and rural areas of Hormozgan province and urban and rural areas of the whole country with Hormozgan province, 6 variance analysis models were used. The results showed that there is a significant difference between inequality and poverty in urban areas and rural areas of Hormozgan province, and inequality and poverty in urban areas of Hormozgan province are 0.014 and 0.037 units lower than rural areas, respectively. Also, there is a significant difference between inequality and poverty in the urban areas of Hormozgan province and urban areas of the country, and inequality and poverty in the urban areas of Hormozgan province are 0.049 units less and 0.045 units more than the urban areas of the country, respectively. In addition, there is a significant difference between inequality and poverty in rural areas of Hormozgan province and urban areas of the country, and inequality and poverty in rural areas of Hormozgan province are 0.031 less and 0.068 units higher than rural areas of the country, respectively.

"Christianity" is one of the religions closest to Islam historically. In the Qur'an, the followers of Christ are mentioned or addressed both in specific words and also under general titles along with followers of other religions. Due to the abundance of mentions of Christians in the Qur'an, gaining accurate knowledge of this people from the perspective of the Qur'an is necessary for Islamic society. The Quran takes a realistic and friendly approach to portray the followers and disciples of Jesus, which can serve as a model for communication with them in the present time. Gathering affirmative verses about the followers of Jesus helps to reconsider the pattern of communication with them, and from this perspective, it becomes a window to understanding the unity of religions and achieving world peace. This descriptive-analytical study aims to collect and systematize the Qur'anic verses about Christians in the first place, and then, with the help of Quran commentators, it points out the reasons for naming, interpretations, and addressing of "Christians" in the Qur'an as Nasārā, to state that although the followers of Christ have been criticized and rebuked in some verses, in many cases, they have been praised according to the verses of the Qur'an. Also, based on the findings of this study, it was found that in those verses that refer to the distortion of the word of God, there was no criticism of Christians.

God has names that no one knows about, but God has chosen them for Himself, these names are called "chosen names", which are also interpreted as "hidden" and "reservoir". God also has a name that everyone who reaches it and prays to God with it, his prayers will be answered, this is called the "Great Name".In this article, the data are collected by library method. Then, by content analysis method, the truth of the affected name, its external appearance and its relationship with the great name, with emphasis on mystical verses, narrations, interpretations and texts were examined. And other Avest names, this name has been considered and appealed along with other divine names, so it has a manifestation outside, and since it flows in all truths, its manifestation is also specific and hidden. These names are from the unseen ranks of the great name. The perfect man can attain the great name, but knowledge of some of the chosen names is only for the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH).

Phenomena, trends and situations that are created in a society in some cases have the ability to become a security crisis and if these phenomena and situations are estimated in a logical process and by mentioning all the dimensions, details, levels and... are carefully analyzed, that this action (continuous assessment of phenomena) is also one of the main and undeniable missions of intelligence institutions, the governing body will be able to estimate security crises and prevent them from occurring. Considering the high importance of information estimation in the prevention of security crises, in this research, an attempt has been made to analyze the role of information estimation in the prevention of security crises in the Islamic Republic of Iran by using library studies. It was found that information estimation is not just based on speculation, but a serious, rational process, containing impartial research, accurate information activity and a clear and clear statement of the latest state of phenomena that can be converted based on evidence and evidence. to the crisis, and in the Islamic Republic of Iran, information assessment should play its real role as an important factor in preventing security crises.

Betting on various sports competitions, gambling and crimes related to this field, due to the popularity of youth in team sports, especially football, has established its position as a facilitator channel in providing a windfall income. The high importance of sports in different countries, the wide range of sports and the attention of different groups to sports events have led to increased awareness of the sports betting industry to sports competitions. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of economic strains on the involvement of individuals in illegal sports gambling. For this purpose, using 447 sample of male citizens of Bandar Anzali, Rasht, Lahijan, Rudsar and Langrud cities, which were selected by convenient sampling method, the research hypotheses were examined. The study found that objective economic strains have a significant effect on online illegal sport gambling with mediation of subjective strain, negative emotions, and deviant motivations. The socio-economic status (SES) of Respondents moderates the relationships between general strain model and illegal gambling.

The concern of rural development and the empowerment of rural communities is one of the most important issues of underdeveloped communities in the world today. Before this, it was believed that these communities can be saved from poverty and backwardness with some interventions and by preparing comprehensive plans and in an orderly manner and provide a sustainable livelihood for the rural residents; But today, it is clear that the inner power and capacity of rural communities is involved more than anything else in the possibility of realizing development and creating a sustainable livelihood. This article tries to classify the capacity and development potential of the villages of Malekshahi city based on socio-economic indicators. The research method is the survey and statistical population of households in the villages of Malekshahi city. The sample size is 580 samples determined by Cochran's formula. The sampling method is matched sampling and random selection of samples. The findings showed that the villages of Malekshahi have a much better situation in terms of social indicators such as cohesion, participation, trust, skill and education compared to economic indicators such as employment, access to credits, income and institutional structures. The results showed that in order to implement the empowerment program and provide sustainable livelihood, in addition to benefiting from the local social and human capital, it is necessary to take advantage of removing obstacles to access to financial credits and putting small and surplus funds into the cycle of rural communities.

Among the manifestations of the Holy Spirit in the holy Quran is the immaculate spirit endowed to the prophet through prophethood which brings about their infallibility. Such an endowed immunity renders it difficult to take the prophets as a model for ordinary people. The current research is an attempt to find the relationship between the two variables of “the holy spirit” and “infallibility” and their hidden dimensions in guiding human beings while emphasizing the sublime rank of Man, parallel to the leadership of the prophets as the messengers of divine revelation. Also, the role of the Holy Spirit in the immunity of the prophets and non-prophets against committing sin is explained. Thus, these two variables were expounded through content analysis while considering the hierarchy of the spiritual ranks, the position of Man in relation to these ranks, the high or low position of Man in resistance against committing sin as well as distinctions between man and the prophets.

The desire for immortality is rooted in human nature. For a long time, people never liked to be enclosed in parentheses between birth and death. Undoubtedly, having children has been one of the ways to cure this pain and satisfy the feeling of not dying and being limited. The ancient Iranians also covered this need with metaphysical clothing. According to them, a person who has no children has a limited life before the Chinvat Bridge and cannot cross the bridge and become immortal. For this reason, survivors' inheritance laws have become very important with the aim of accepting children and adoption. This article examines the laws of childbearing, laws of Foster child and adopted child, and also the share of inheritance of survivors in the Zoroastrian tradition, and searches ancient Zoroastrian texts, as well as compares them with the personal status of Zoroastrians in contemporary Iranian civil law. This comparison shows many changes and examines the factors of these changes.

 In the age of globalization, innovation in education is obvious. Innovation in education means solving a real problem in a new and simple way to promote equitable learning. In this study, by implementing and evaluating the risks arising from the implementation of the strategy of transformation and innovation packages in medical education, the implementation of a national strategy was supported.

 This study is from the perspective of applied orientation, from the perspective of descriptive purpose and qualitative in terms of approach. This research was conducted using grounded theory method and Charms approach. The Statistical population included all educational assistants and heads of transformation and innovation packages in the land use planning. Data were collected (document review, participatory observation and interview) and coded in several stages (initial, centralized, central and theoretical coding). The risk model for qualitative study was also qualitatively assessed in light of the teachings of risk management (Rita Mulcahy).

 The model on demand from the stages of risk identification and evaluation was presented in a model consisting of 5 categories (structural, attitudinal, economic, managerial and operational risks) and 16 sub-categories and 39 concepts. Structural risks had the highest coefficient and operational risks had the lowest risk coefficient at the risk assessment stage. The total risk factor of the package strategy is 54 out of 80 units; this means that the risk of packages in execution is moderate.

 Implementing the strategy of transformation and innovation packages has many inherent risks that have been taken from the stage of strategy development to the stage of strategy implementation. Therefore, rewriting the strategy of packages as the accessible lever for risk control and management is recommended.

AbstractIntroduction and

the purpose of the current study was to examine the comparison of the effect of sports vision training with and without inline hockey specific context on the speed and whole body reaction time of inline hockey players.

In this semi experimental study, which was performed with a pre-test-post-test design with a one- and four-week follow-up period, 60 novice male hockey players with an age range of 15 to For 20 years, they were accessibility selected and randomly divided into three groups: sports vision training with hockey specific context, sports vision training without hockey specific context and hockey specific context training. In the pre-test phase, the participants performed the desired tests (speed and whole body reaction time). The intervention phase lasted for nine weeks and 2 sessions per week and each session lasted 90 minutes, in which the groups did the relevant exercises. In the post-test phase, which was performed exactly after the last training session, and in the follow-up phase, which was performed after one and four weeks of non-training, the participants performed the desired tests as in the pre-test phase. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that sports vision exercises with and without hockey specific context and hockey specific context exercises have a significant effect on improving speed and whole body reaction time of inline hockey players. Other results indicated that superiority (greater effect size) of sports vision exercises with hockey specific context compared to other exercises.

The purpose of this study is to identify the problems and issues of Gachi villages from the perspective of villagers, their awareness of the roots and causes of their problems and also the possible consequences of these problems in the social life of the study area. To achieve this goal, a qualitative method, particularly focus group, semi-structured interviews, and observations has been used. The research field includes the villages of Gachi in Ilam’s Malekshahi county. The collected data have been analysed with the Qualitative content analysis method. The results showed that lack of pasture, grassland destruction, absence of fodder, the severe shortage of drinking water and livestock water, unemployment, low expertise and skills, inadequate roads between villages and the city centre, inadequate roads between farms, deficiency of facilities services and low coverage of mobile phones and the Internet, lack of health services are the main problems identified in the villages of Gachi rural area. The root of many of these problems is the lack of educational, welfare and service infrastructure, lack of health infrastructure, lack of skilled medical personnel to provide health services, drought and drying of springs, negligence of officials, remoteness and lack of access to villages. Poverty, soil erosion and declining quality of agricultural land, aggravation of illiteracy, migration to the city, the spread of theft, interpersonal strife and sectarian strife, weakening family ties, stress, aggression and increased violence, etc. are the most important consequences of the existing problems that have intensified social, economic, natural and psychological damage in Gachi village

Domestic violence is one of the most important causes of family instability and has destructive effects on the emotional atmosphere of the family, children and society. The continuation of violent patterns and behaviors in the family can spread violence to social relations. Meanwhile, the emergence of virtual social networks has had a dual effect on this social phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to investigate domestic violence and the impact of virtual social networks on it. The research method is survey and the statistical population includes married people in Tehran. The sample size is equal to 340 couples in Tehran, which is determined by Cochran's formula. The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster sampling method and the samples of each cluster are systematically selected randomly. Finding shows that 93.5% of Tehranian couples have experienced some level of domestic violence in the past year. Although the intensity of violence experienced was higher among women than men and among middle-aged couples than young people and adults. There was a statistically significant difference between the violence experienced by men and women (p = 0.28). There wasn’t significant difference between among age groups (p = 0.974). According to the research findings, there is a significant relationship between marital violence and duration of use (r = -0.145), presence with real identity (r = -0.219) and the degree of dependence on virtual social networks (r = 0.128). Regression analysis showed that the use of virtual social networks explains 6.8% of the changes in violence between couples. Among the dimensions of virtual social networks, the variables of usage time (β = -0.171) and presence with real identity in virtual social networks (β = -0.189) have a negative impact on marital violence and reduce marital violence.

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important metabolic disorders that affect lifestyle. Accordingly, studies have shown that lifestyle changes, especially increasing daily physical activity, can prevent diabetes and help people with the disease through various mechanisms. On the other hand, the use of medicinal plants due to having various phytochemical compounds, each of which has healing properties, can be considered a helpful method in preventing and treating diabetes complications. One of the phytochemical compounds used as an effective substance in the treatment of diabetes is an alkaloid called Berberine. Berberine has been used in traditional medicine to lower blood glucose, and new studies in both in vivo and in vitro conditions have confirmed the diabetic effect of Berberine. Receiving increased energy metabolism, increased glucose and fatty acid uptake by peripheral tissues, improving lipid profile, reducing inflammatorymediators, increasing antioxidant capacity are commonmechanisms that aerobic exercise and Berberine exert their beneficial effects in diabetes. In the present study, the effect of aerobic exercise, Berberine, and its combination on diabetes markers have been investigated considering the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise and Berberine in diabetes.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality all around the world. Patients with Ischemic heart disease (IHD) are at an increased risk of ischemic events; therefore, secondary prevention measures should continue for these patients. Although Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is one of the secondary prevention measures for IHD patients which has favorable clinical outcomes, only 50% of patients are referred and among them, a small percentage attends CR. Therefore, other strategies should be considered, one of which is home‑based cardiac rehabilitation.

A multicenter, parallel‑group randomized controlled trial has been conducting in three hospitals in Isfahan and patients have been assigned into a 1:1 ratio for the evaluation of the effectiveness of home‑based cardiac rehabilitation versus usual care. Psycho‑educational consultation based on the Health Action Process Approach including heart‑healthy diet, stress management, lifestyle changes, smoking cessation, and physical activity has been performed. Primary outcomes, including the quality of life, psychological and smoking status, body mass index, blood pressure, blood cholesterol level, and physical activity level have been measured at 6 months after the randomization and intervention. One year after the intervention, primary and secondary outcomes, including cardiovascular events, the frequency of hospital admissions, and the death rates due to cardiovascular reasons will be assessed.

HBCR program can increase patient accessibility to CR services its implantation can be reduce burden IHD.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of online social networks on personal and group relative deprivation. In this study, Relative deprivation has been measured and analyzed by two dimensions: personal relative deprivation and group relative deprivation (in three dimensions: cultural, economic and political relative deprivation). The research method is survey and the statistical population includes 444 citizens in Tabriz who have been determined by Cochran formula. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster sampling and the samples of each cluster have been selected systematically randomly. The findings showed that the group relative deprivation rate is more than personal deprivation. Among the dimensions of group relative deprivation, the cultural dimension of group deprivation is far higher than the economic and political dimensions. The study of the effect of online social networks on relative deprivation showed that the "duration of using social networks" increases the personal relative deprivation and "presence with real identity" in these networks reduces the personal relative deprivation and "resentment of deprivation". "The amount of time use online social networks" and "presence with real identity in online social networks" increase the group relative deprivation and "the amount of users'' activity" in these networks increases the resentment of group deprivation and "the hope for improving the deprivation". The results showed that the impact of online social networks on relative deprivation does not depend on the extent of time use, but it depends on the quality of users'' use of online social networks. The type of exposure and using these networks have different effects on relative deprivation.

 Depression is common in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) is a program that alleviates depression. This study aimed to determine and compare HBCR programs and usual care (UC) effects on depression control in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).

 This clinical trial study was performed on 259 patients with IHD that were randomly allocated to the HBCR and UC groups for stress management. Data were collected using the "Beck Depression Inventory" (BDI) at baseline and 6 and 12 months. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were applied to examine the associations between times of the groups and changes in outcomes over the study times. Data analysis was done in SPSS softwareat the significance level of 0.05.

 A total of 247 participants with a mean age of 55.22 ± 7.40 years participated in this study, and 209 (84.6%) of the study participants were men. Among patients, 128 patients in the UC program and 119 patients in the HBCR program attended at least one of the pre-determined visits (months 6 and 12). The patterns of change of the depression parameter were similar through the course of the study between the two groups (P = 0.04). In the HBCR group, the depression reduced continuously from baseline to 6 months, baseline to 12 months, and 6 to 12 months (P < 0.05). In the UC group, depression was significantly reduced from baseline to 6 months and from baseline to 12 months.

 HBCR was effective in continuous reducing of depression scores in long-term follow-up of patients with IHD. These findings suggest that HBCR can alleviate depression in patients who do not participate in hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Recently, several infectious agents including Epstein-Barr virus and Escherichia coli have been suggested as possible contributing factors to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was designed to compare serum and synovial fluid markers of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Helicobacter pylori of RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients.This comparative study was conducted on two hundred OA and RA patients who referred to the Rheumatic Diseases Research Center (RDRC) affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, from March 2015 to 2016. Synovial fluid was obtained from all individuals. Two years later, participants attended a follow-up session to collect blood samples for serum markers of these two infectious agents.Twenty-five patients (96.15%) in the RA group and 23 individuals (92%) in the OA group had positive serum IgG antibodies for HSV. As for Helicobacter pylori, 13 individuals (50%) in RA and 12 individuals (48%) had positive serum IgG antibodies (p value = 0.66). In addition, 9 (34.6%) and 8 (30.8%) in the RA group and 10 (40%) and 3 (12%) in the OA group had positive serum IgA and IgM antibodies for Helicobacter pylori, respectively (p value = 0.89 and p value = 0.13, respectively). Collected fluid samples were negative for both Helicobacter pylori and HSV1 and 2 DNA particles in all individuals.Based on the results of the current study, there is no difference between RA and OA patients in terms of Herpes simplex virus and Helicobacter pylori infection.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of online social networking on couplechr('39')s relationships. Relationships between couples in this study measured and examined in five dimensions: sexual satisfaction, intimacy, couple conflict resolution, domestic violence, couplechr('39')s financial agreement, and couples consent in child rearing. The research method is survey and the statistical population includes married people of Tehran. The sample size is 340 couples in Tehran which is calculated by Cochran formula. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster sampling and the samples of each cluster has been selected systematical randomly. The results showed that sexual satisfaction has the highest mean among the variables of couplechr('39')s relationships. Regression analysis shows that online social networks have the greatest impact respectively on reduce of violence between couples, agreement on child rearing, intimacy between couples, conflict between couples, financial relationships between couples and satisfaction of coupleschr('39') sexual relationship. According to the results of this study, mere use and membership of online social networking does not have a positive or negative effect on couplechr('39')s relationship, but rather the quality of using online social networking that determines its positive or negative impacts and consequences.