hossein safari

The temperature of the solar atmosphere steeply increases in the transition region from the chromosphere to the corona. In the coronal temperatures, the coronal hole, quiet sun, and active regions are visible in the solar corona. The magnetic field controls the solar corona. Different physical processes (e.g. magnetic reconnection, waves) play a role in the coronal dynamics, which cause plasma heating to millions of degrees. Then, it is essential to understand the role of these processes. A more exact analysis of the emission line profiles to investigate the dynamics and thermal behavior of the coronal and transition region plasma is spectroscopy. The spectral line profiles are proof of the structural evolution of the magnetic field and plasma temperature in the coronal holes and quiet sun. So far, the study of coronal spectral lines indicates that most line profiles are well-fitted based on a single Gaussian profile. However, some spectral lines avoid from a single Gaussian model because they have least one excess component. Observations display that 5 % to 10 % of line profiles have the blueward asymmetry in the quiet sun and coronal holes. Considering the mentioned advantages of spectroscopy, we use the formed Si IV 1394 Å spectral line in the transition region from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) raster in a central-equatorial region of Sun on 14 October 2015. Also, we make co-spatiotemporal raster images from Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 193 Å, IRIS/SJI 1330 Å and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) magnetograms. Our data includes quiet sun, coronal hole and bright points features. The Si IV 1394 Å spectral line profiles are fitted with the single and then with double Gaussian function. We apply three essential conditions to certify any spectral profiles as asymmetric profile by double Gaussian model, that is, (1) the asymmetric profile must have a goodness-of-fit greater ( ) than one for the single Gaussian fits, (2) the minimum intensity of the first and second component to be 20 DN and (3) the distance between the centers of the two components to be more significant than 20 km/s. 1598 asymmetric profiles that are found out of a total of 103,000 profiles. The four types of profiles are dominated as only blue wing, only red wing, two clear peaks and none of the three types (it has two wings). The most significant number of asymmetric profiles corresponds to a profile with a component on its blue side. The lowest number is possessed by profiles inconsistent with single and double Gaussian fitting models (two wings). The asymmetries are concentrated on positions with high magnetic flux density. Also, asymmetric profiles arise in the large-scale bright lane-like areas in the SJI 1330 Å raster map. Corresponding to these areas, the magnetic flux concentration in the HMI raster map shows most probably, the network lanes. This correspondence can indicate the magnetic source. The asymmetric profiles may be owing to the reconnection of the open magnetic field of coronal hole with the bright points’ loops for bright points inside and the boundary of coronal hole. Also, we may contemplate a similar plan for asymmetric profiles at the coronal hole boundary, where the open magnetic fields of coronal hole may be reconnected with the quiet sun's close loops. However, the asymmetry of profiles at quiet sun may be owing to the reconnection of closed loops at this region. It is clear that the blueward and redward asymmetry are signatures of downflow, and upflow that may be caused by magnetic reconnection. However, the bidirectional jets derived from magnetic reconnection at the forming height of Si IV 1394 Å may be a reason for the asymmetric profiles with two clear peaks and two wings. Magnetic reconnections below the formation height of Si IV 1394 Å in the transition region may be a reason for upflows. Also, the profiles with blue wing may be relevant to the upflow spread of jets. These profiles are mainly sited away from the jet footpoints and on the network jets. The reconnection events above the formation height of Si IV 1394 Å or coronal return flows may be a reason for downflows. The red wing of the spectral line profiles is probably relevant to the downflow arising from reconnections that mainly placed around the footpoints of grid jets.

Recently, the consumption of non-ferrous alloys has increased significantly in the automotive industry due to their desirable properties, but according to the working conditions of car engine, it is necessary to apply coating to protect the surfaces and extend the lifetime of the car engine compartments. In this study, firstly, electrolytic plasma oxidation (PEO) is coated on the surface of the aluminium hydraulic tappet which is always in contact with the camshaft lobes, and then the metallurgical properties of the coating formed on the substrate in silicate and aluminate electrolytes are investigated. The results of the phase studies indicate that during the coating process, phases such as α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 are created on the surface, moreover the plasma electrolytic oxidation coating resists against corrosion and wear strongly because of its favourable properties and quality. Compared to an uncoated sample, the corrosion rate and wear rate of coatings created in silicate and aluminate electrolytes decrease by 19 and 22 times, respectively, and by 6 and 9 times, respectively. Finally, the microscopic analysis reveals that the average diameter of the porosities in PEO coating formed in the silicate electrolyte is larger than that of coating generated aluminate electrolyte.

Today, the dynamic and competitive business environment has made human resource development (HRD) a part of the strategic human resource management programs, and managers try to improve the competitiveness of the organization by developing employees. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of formulating and prioritizing HRD strategies. This study is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive survey in nature, and mixed in terms of research method. In its qualitative phase, HRD strategies were formulated based on the SWOT matrix through in-depth interviews, and the indicators effective in prioritizing these strategies were determined. In the quantitative phase, the intensity of the effect and weight of the indicators were determined using the Fuzzy DANP technique, and the strategies were ranked using the Fuzzy GTMA technique. The statistical population of the study was managers and experts in the field of human resources of an insurance company, and sampling was carried out in a purposeful manner. The results of the research showed that the most important indicators affecting the selection of HRD strategies are: "the level of willingness, cooperation, and participation of employees in implementation", and "the amount of budget required". Also, based on the results of the fuzzy GTMA technique, the strategies of "generalizing in-service training to all levels of the organization", "strengthening the connection between HRD programs and the performance evaluation and promotion system of employees" and "strengthening creative and innovative thinking in employees and reducing their resistance to change" have a higher priority in this organization.

Considering the necessity of flexibility in the supply chain to manage uncertainties, this research aims to design and explain a flexibility process model for the financial supply chain in Iran's car leasing industry. 

The research method is a mixed-methods exploratory approach. First, 21 qualitative interviews were conducted. Using grounded theory, a financial supply chain flexibility model for Iran's automotive leasing industry was developed, comprising 24 sub-categories within six main categories. Next, 260 questionnaires were distributed and completed in automotive leasing companies in Iran. Structural equation modeling was then employed to conduct a path analysis of the hypotheses concerning the relationships among the model dimensions, and the validation of the model was assessed in the study.

Based on the data analysis, the causal conditions of flexibility include "expectations related to customers," "factors related to suppliers," and "motivations related to financing." The contextual factors contain "legal-regulatory factors," "financial-economic factors," "environmental factors," and "cultural-social factors." The intervening factors of financial supply chain flexibility include "ownership and shareholders of leasing companies," "communication and IT-related factors," "industry systems and infrastructure," and "transportation and logistics." The phenomenon of financial flexibility in the supply chain was defined as "financing solutions," "effective communication of supply chain elements," "factors related to the ability to credit," and "proper risk management." Additionally, the strategies for the flexibility of the financial supply chain cover "innovation and development of new products," "development of sales network and after-sales services," "development of training and service skills," and "development of cooperation between supply chains." The consequences of financial flexibility in the supply chain of leasing companies encompass "increasing the production of automotive products," "increasing the level of access to services," "easier access to financial resources," "improving the circulation of financial information," and "increasing the efficiency of the supply chain." In the quantitative part of the research, based on the results of structural equation modeling and path analysis, it was found that intervening factors affect the antecedents and strategies of flexibility. The antecedents of flexibility have an impact on attention to flexibility. Besides, dimensions such as contextual factors, attention to flexibility, and intervening factors significantly affect strategies for financial flexibility in the supply chain, which ultimately affect the consequences of financial flexibility.

To enhance the flexibility of the financial supply chain, it is advisable for companies to draw insights from successful product development experiences. Additionally, efficient management of after-sales services, building trust and establishing effective communication with customers, and upgrading employees' knowledge, experience, and skills to align with industry developments are essential factors for fostering financial flexibility in the leasing industry.

The method of evaluating and selecting the best works in the judging process of architecture competitions is of great importance and sensitivity, and judges are the main decision makers of architecture competitions. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the role of judging the components of architectural competitions in the promotion of contemporary architecture in Iran, and it is practical in terms of the type of research. Its research method is exploratory and quantitative-qualitative in nature. Based on the research approach, real data was collected through in-depth interviews with 30 experts and professionals in the field of architecture. And when the topic reached theoretical saturation, the qualitative data collection process ended. These specialists and experts were selected from among the university professors and judges of the country's architectural competitions who played a role in the process of holding national architectural competitions and also had specialized work experience in the field of architecture. The quantitative part of the research was conducted in the form of a survey according to the obtained indicators, and then a preliminary questionnaire was designed. Face validity was used for the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability of the questionnaire. Finally, the questionnaire created by the researcher was provided to 100 specialists, participants and judges of architectural competitions and related experts. The data analysis method is based on coding, descriptive (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential methods (Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Friedman test and regression). After examining the interviews and statements of the national architectural competitions during the years 2011-2018, the present research has introduced 4 main components and 33 sub-components as the influencing factors of the judging of the national architectural competitions on the promotion of contemporary architecture in Iran in the 2010s. It is worth mentioning that, in this regard, more than 180 invitations from Iran's architectural competitions have been reviewed in the "Architect News", "Archline" and "Iranian Architecture and Urban Planning Competitions" databases. Based on the results obtained, the individual characteristics of the judges, the display of the selected works of the national architectural competitions. And the distribution of the judging points, the jury and the judging are the four main components in the judging process of the Iranian architecture competitions. Since, in most cases, architectural competitions are the competition field of architectural teams, Showing the selected works at the end of the competition, as well as examining the opinions of the judges in the final statement, is an opportunity for architects to gain experience. The judges' mastery of theoretical topics and their experience at the professional levels of design and implementation can gradually lead the flow of architectural competitions and bring fruitful and increasing results in the development of Iranian architectural models and the identification of contemporary architecture in the country. Also, the results of the research, while confirming the role of judging architectural competitions in improving the quality of contemporary architecture, show the importance of the performance of the judges of architectural competitions in considering the social benefit, increasing public participation and creating a belonging sense.

Historical alleys and passages are the interface between the architectural building and urban spaces, which are called in-between space. This article examines the spatial structure of the passage of the historical neighborhood of Sharbafan in Lahijan in three periods. For this purpose, Sharbafan neighborhood was first simulated based on an old photo belonging to the 1320s by Cinema 4D software. next , the simulated range plan was drawn in Autocad software. For further investigation, the status of the passage in the drawing maps based on aerial maps of the city in 1335 and the comprehensive plan in 1392 was also studied and analyzed. Graph analysis and software analysis of the spatial structure of the samples showed that the level of visual Intelligibility of space in the contemporary period has increased compared to previous periods. The results of axial analysis indicate that the passages of the historical fabric of Sharbafan in the past have been less Intelligibility than the current period. Also, the Correlation between local and global Intelligibility of the map of 1392 shows the synergy of the passages significantly more than in 1335, while the synergy in the 1320s was favorable. It is worth mentioning that the Intelligibility at the local scale has a high correlation in all periods and shows the ease of perceiving space at the local scale.

Among the accidents that threaten human life, burn accidents are one of the worst. Burns are the fourth most common trauma worldwide and cause death, disability, pain, and many other problems. Faster healing of burn wounds is one of the health priorities of countries and it's important as a principle in the science of treatment. This research aims to determine and compare the effectiveness of hydrogel dressings containing allantoin and silver nanoparticles in the treatment of second-degree burn wounds.

This study was designed as a randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 86 patients were selected in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups: A=43 and B=43, using a block method of 4. Group A patients received hydrogel containing silver nanoparticles and allantoin with a thickness of 2 millimeters and then sterile gauze and bandage on top of it, and group B patients received the usual treatment (Vaseline gauze, 0.5% acetic acid and 1% betadine). Local treatment was performed every 48 hours, and dressing was applied after each treatment. The condition of the wounds, including the presence or absence of granulation tissue, bleeding, pain, infection, and other wound complications or healing factors, was recorded and evaluated by visiting and observing every 48 hours.

The average age in the intervention group was 10.2 years and in the control group was 9.9 years, and the difference was not statistically significant, P=0.456. 48% of the patients in the intervention group were male 52% were female, and in the control group, 44% were male and 56% were female, and the difference was not statistically significant, P=0.665. The average percentage of burns in the intervention group was 9.04% and in the control group was 9.58%, which was not statistically significant P=0.289. The type of burn in the intervention group was liquid 69% and flame 31%, and in the control group, liquid 65% and flame 34%, which was not statistically significant P=0.645.The intervention group had 55% of limbs and 45% of trunk and the control group had 63% of limbs and 37% of trunk, which difference was not statistically significant, P=0.510. In other words, the two groups were homogenous in age, sex, average burn percentage, burn mechanism, and location, and there were no significant differences. The average onset of epithelialization in the intervention group was 4.5 days (74% of patients on day 4 and 23% on day 6) and 6.4 days in the control group (60% of patients on day 6 and 30% on day 8), which was statistically significant P<0.001. The average intensity of pain in the intervention group was 5 out of 10 and in the control group was 7 out of 10, and this difference was statistically significant P<0.001.

The results of this study show that patients treated with a hydrogel dressing containing silver nanoparticles and allantoin had a statistically significant difference in the onset of wound epithelialization and pain intensity, compared to the usual dressing. This dressing can be used as a suitable alternative in the treatment of second-degree burn wounds compared to routine dressings. Therefore, offering it to the medical team, who play an essential role in the treatment of patients with burns, will reduce the length of hospitalization and the costs.

Due to the massive increase in astronomical images (such as James Web, Solar Dynamic Observatory, and Solar Orbiter), automatic image description is essential for solar and astronomical. Zernike moments (ZMs) are unique due to the orthogonality and completeness of Zernike polynomials (ZPs); hence, ZMs are valuable for converting a two-dimensional image to a one-dimensional series of complex numbers. The magnitude of ZMs is rotation invariant, and by applying image normalization, scale and translation invariants can be made, which are helpful properties for describing solar and astronomical images. The lower-order ZMs express the overall shape of the objects of an image, and the higher-order ZMs provide more details of the objects and delicate structures within an image. In this Python package, available at GitHub and PyPI, we describe the characteristics of ZMs via several examples of solar (large and small scale) features, astronomical, and human face images. These independent and unique properties of ZMs can describe the structure and morphology of objects in an image. Hence, ZMs are helpful in machine learning to identify and track the features of several.

The research purpose is responding to the human resources compensation risk in Iran's insurance industry. By systematically studying the literature and interviewing 15 experts based on the snowball sampling , risks were identified and after screening based on the fuzzy Delphi, Fuzzy cognitive mapping has been used to respond to risk. the inflexibility of compensation was identified as the most central element of the cognitive risk mapping. In the next , the effect of different risk control policies on map elements was investigated in three scenarios. After controlling one factor and its lack of influence on the whole map, finally with the policy of controlling the key elements , seven key elements with the highest degree of centrality include inflexibility of compensation, lack of employee satisfaction, lack of transparency, internal and external inequality, and non-alignment of payment. And performance, the imbalance between short and long-term incentives and the non-compensation of extra-role behaviors of employees selected and with the aim of fully controlling these elements, values corresponding to these elements were considered equal to zero in the initial state vector. results show that by controlling key elements of mapping, whole mapping undergoes changes and risk of human resources compensation is reduced.

This research was carried out in a situation where attention to the concept of quality and returning to one's identity is the focus of attention of the country's officials. Examining the process of holding Iran's national architectural competitions as a platform for expressing intellectual tendencies and comparing the language of contemporary architectural elites can play a significant role in identifying the cities and contemporary architecture of the country.
The current research has been carried out with the aim of identifying the effective components of Iran's national architecture competitions in promoting the country's contemporary architecture in the 1390s, and it is in the applied quantitative-qualitative research group, which uses a mixed method to first collect qualitative data and then quantitative data with the help of a It compiles an exploratory plan.
Its data was obtained through in-depth interviews with 30 experts and experts, and after reaching theoretical saturation, the qualitative data collection process was completed. The quantitative part of the current research was conducted in the form of a survey according to the obtained indicators, and then a preliminary questionnaire was designed. After collecting the questionnaires, the answers were analyzed in two parts, descriptive and inferential. Structural equation modeling was done using Amos Graphic software for the inferential analysis of the research, and the most important factors were obtained from second-order confirmatory factor analysis. In this research, the components involved in holding Iran's national architecture competitions, which can be effective in the growth and promotion of the country's contemporary architecture, were identified and explained.

The main purpose of the research is to achieve a smart supply chain management model for FMCG industry in Iran. Since this research is of an exploratory mixture type, in qualitative section after reviewing the existing literature and collecting the relevant literature of the researchs, related articles identified and the obtained results analyzed by Multi-Grounded theory. After performing the meta-synthesis method, the selected articles extracted. Then after interviewing with 15 experts, the categories were coded. The result led to the extraction of the model. In the quantitative part, in order to refine the attributes, the DCSM used. Next in qualitative part, for model configuration, FsQCA method implemented. Quantitative data collected from 20 supply chain managers and experts in companies active in FMCG industry in Tehran. Based on the results obtained, the model has 6 main categories, 21 sub-categories and 113 attributes. Also, based on the results of the quantitative section, 92 attributes determined as the most appropriate attributes and then the most suitable combination of the attributes related to the paradigm model determined. The results of the research presented a conceptual model for smart supply chain management in FMCG industry in Iran, which can be used by industrialists and researchers.

Considering the wide range of influencing factors and the complexity of relationships in the food industry, the trends do not follow linear behaviors and their analysis with nondynamic tools is challenging. In such a situation, if organizational strategies cannot be adjusted in line with the needs of the market and its environmental conditions, the resulting losses can be significant and sometimes irreparable. The purpose of this research is to identify the key effective factors in the strategic performance of production in the supply chain using a systemic approach. Due to the existence of multiple factors and the complexity of relationships between influencing variables, a systemic approach has been used to investigate behavioral dynamics in the form of cause and effect loops. Finally, in order to identify the key influencing factors, the intensity of the relationship between the variables has been ranked by experts' opinions in the form of a pairwise comparison matrix, and five key influencing factors in the field of production strategies have been introduced with the DEMATEL technique. Based on the results obtained, according to experts' opinion, having the production capacity for a fee, along with the development of factory production lines, plays a very important role in adapting manufacturing companies to demand fluctuations and managing the uncertainty of the market.

The Sun is an external object that significantly impacts the earth's atmosphere and space weather conditions. Flares and coronal mass ejections are large-scale solar atmospheric features that mainly emerge at active regions above the sunspots and have influenced the earth. The sunspots, considered signatures of solar activity, are fascinating features related to the internal dynamics and activity of the Sun. The appearance of the sunspots in the photosphere shows the complexity of the magnetic field on the Sun. The frequency and size of sunspots change over time which show periods (e.g., eleven years periodicity) that may be a sign of the complex Sun. The time series of the sunspot numbers have been recorded for several centuries, and this time series is significantly changed over time. The complex network approach is a way to investigate the inherent property of complex time series, such as the sunspots time series.In this study, the growing complex network with the visibility condition is constructed using the time series of the sunspots (time and numbers) for 1922 to 2016 collected by SILSO. We compute the complex network parameters such degree of nodes, shortest path length, and clustering coefficients. We examine the sunspot complex network's scale-free, small-world, and assortative properties.We show that the degree distribution of the complex network for the time series of the sunspots obeys a power-law distribution function. We applied a method via maximum likelihood estimation in the Bayesian framework to obtain the power indicated. Therefore, the degree exponent is obtained larger than three, so the complex network for the time series of the sunspots is small-world and scale-free. The power-low behavior is an essential characteristic of self-organized or self-organized criticality systems. Limited productivity is a crucial property for these complex systems. The small word behavior indicates that the large sunspot numbers in the time series are clustered with several small values neighbors and linked with distinct large values in the time series.The small-world network represents a small characteristic path length with a high clustering coefficient. The scale-free and small-word behavior for the network of the sunspots time series may imply that the sunspots and sunspot groups forming via complex non-linear dynamics. Changing the magnetic polarity of the sunspots during the solar cycle can be a characteristic of such complex systems. The limited predictability in sunspots' time series, e.g., the intensity of activity within a solar cycle, may also be another sign of the complex Sun.The behavior of the degree of node distribution, clustering coefficient, and shortest path length indicates that the time series of sunspots is a non-random system. We showed that the degree of correlation is a function of the network size and can be considered as an assortative, dis-assortative, or neutral network.

Managing the process of attracting and transforming the status of faculty members of universities and higher education institutions is one of the important categories This article emphasizes that attracting expert and committed professors has a significant impact on university performance.. The purpose of the research is to analyze the performance of faculty members based on the inputs of the process of attracting and transforming the situation with the fuzzy data mining approach. Among the methods of performance analysis is data collection and analysis with data mining. The research method was using neural fuzzy data mining to analyze the performance of faculty members. This research deals with the design of neural fuzzy system to analyze the personality and performance of the faculty members recruited and converted. For this purpose, 16 personality data and 2 functional data of 1000 faculty members were recruited and transformed, firstly, they were collected, cleaned and reduced, and finally, the fuzzy neural network model was designed with machine learning methods, genetic algorithm and Ril algorithm. The implementation tool is MATLAB software. The research findings of designing a model with fuzzy neural network and Ril algorithm with the validity of high correlation coefficient and low MSE in evaluating the scientific and general competence of faculty members. From the results of the research, it is predicted that the faculty members have stable, influential, honest personality traits in general competence and extrovert, stable, influential, truthful in scientific competence to attract and transform the situation.

Despite the increase in competition and the need for a better understanding of the relative efficiency of an airline compared to other companies, so far, only a handful of studies have addressed the issue of airline efficiency in Iran along with taking into account the different phases of the work process and the existing uncertainties. In other words, existing researches have mostly used data envelopment analysis models in deterministic mode, despite the fact that in reality we are faced with different kinds of ambiguity and uncertainty in many issues. The purpose of this research is to evaluate Iranian Airlines by using fuzzy logic and two-stage data envelopment analysis approach in the form of presenting a new method of two-stage fuzzy data envelopment analysis (fuzzy additive analysis approach). Hence, the real data of 14 Iranian airlines have been used. The case study in question shows that Pouya, Taban, and Airtour airlines have better overall efficiency compared to other airlines with 0.1, 0.97, and 0.96 respectively, Although the only efficient airline with an efficiency of 1 is Pouya.

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (TSCI) is one of the catastrophic events, the rate of which has been growing compared to the past decades. Complications caused by TSCI have a wide spectrum and can range from complete paralysis to numbness of the limbs. Additional to the injury severity and disability of the patient, the recovery rate depends on the treatment strategies. Despite extensive efforts and research in this field, there are still few treatment options for TSCI patients. Controversial results have been reported, however, spinal cord decompression is the only certainty for the treatment of these patients. In the present study, patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures were undergone decompression, less and more than 24 hours, and the recovery rate (RR) was compared after 6 months.

In this study, patients with lumbar and thoracic fractures who were referred to the neurosurgery department of Ahvaz Golestan Hospital during May 2019 to December 2021 were included. Decompression was performed at the fracture level as a total and at the upper and lower levels of the fracture as a partial decompression. To evaluate fine motor movements, picking up a small object with toes and following a rectangular path were used. Also, the gross motor movements, upper and lower proximal and distal muscle forces were measured.

160 patients including 133 men (83.1%) and 16.9% women (27) with 36±12 years mean age were included. The most fracture location was lumbar (53.1%), followed by the thoracic (43.1%) and fractures in both regions (3.8%). The most injured  vertebras were L1 (27.5%) and T12 (18.8%). Six months later, 61.9% of patients had a good score for removing a small object with toe, of which 67.5% belonged to patients with<24 hours surgery (P=0.01). Also, RR for ability to follow a rectangle (P=0.017) and lower limit gross motor were significantly better in patients with<24 surgery (P=0.02). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups for improved sensations (P<0.05).

This study showed that decompression<24 hours in TSCI is associated with a significant improvement in lower fine movements.

One of the biggest environmental challenges of the 21st century is the phenomenon of climate change and global warming, which can cause numerous health problems. One significant health issue associated with climate change is the increase in the prevalence of heat stress, particularly in occupational encounters in hot outdoor environments. So this study aimed to predict and model temperature and humidity indices in the coming decades in a dry climate.

Methods & Materials: 

This study obtained daily atmospheric parameters, including minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and relative humidity of Kerman station, representing a dry climate, for a period of 30 years (1965 to 2005) from the meteorological organization. Modeling of these parameters and calculation of the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) were performed using the atmospheric general circulation model HadGEM2-ES and the CORDEX dynamic microscaler model. Three different radiative forcing scenarios, including optimistic (RCP 2.6), intermediate (RCP 4.5), and pessimistic (RCP 8.5), were considered for the coming decades (three 30-year periods from 2011 to 2099).
Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committe of Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) approved the present study (Code: IR.IUMS.REC.1400.020).

The results of the study showed an increasing trend for minimum and maximum temperature parameters in all three time periods using the three scenarios considered. Moreover, the increase in temperature in the decades of 2099-2071 was more pronounced compared to the previous decades. The results also demonstrated an increasing trend in the THI index based on all three scenarios. The average results obtained using these scenarios showed an increase of 2.11, 2.53, and 3.3 degrees Celsius, respectively, in this index until the end of the last century compared to the base decades.

Overall, the increase in temperature and the investigated THI index in the studied station, based on all three scenarios, will lead to changes in thermal comfort. Higher levels of thermal discomfort will not only occur in hot months and seasons but also in other seasons. Therefore, proper planning should be implemented to address the adverse effects of climate change on people's health.

One problem in rehabilitation is ignoring mental needs of the able-bodied, which plays an important role in participation in rehabilitation. Physical abilities determine the place, motivation and desire of people to participate in activities. Creating the experience of desirable emotions in the rehabilitation environment encourages people to participate in activities. This study is investigating the relationship between the components that create a sense of place in rehabilitation environments and the participation in rehabilitation, by creating a sense of self-esteem in them.

The research is applied and descriptive type which done by survey and analyzed using correlation and structural equation method. The statistical population of the study is people with physical disabilities who refer to occupational therapy centers in region 1 of Rasht. 46 available physical therapists were selected as the sample by available sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Cronbach's alpha of the research variables was higher than 0.7. In data analysis, SPSS22 and AMOS22 software were used.

The path coefficient of place sense components to self-esteem was 0.74, the path coefficient of self-esteem to the participation of the able-bodied was 0.69 and the indirect effect was 0.51, so it can be said that dignity The soul mediates the relationship between the components of the sense of place and the participation of the able-bodied.

Findings show that the components of creating a sense of place by providing a sense of self-esteem, affect the participation of able-bodied people in rehabilitation.

A comprehensive understanding of the current state of geriatric care in Iran is necessary in order to strengthen and align it for responding to the current and future needs of the elderly in the country. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges and barriers in the elderly care system in Iran.

This was a qualitative study. Forty semi-structured interviews were carried out with various participants involved in providing care to the elderly across the country in 2019. Participants were selected using maximum variation sampling. Using MAXQDA10 software, data were analyzed by the qualitative content analysis method based on six building blocks of health systems developed by the world health organization.

Challenges and barriers in the elderly care system were categorized into six groups: service delivery, health workforce, health information system, access to essential medicine, financing, and governance/leadership. Also, some of the most important challenges of the elderly care system included: absence of a single organization with sufficient power as the steward for providing the elderly services, lack of integration of services for the elderly from primary care to specialized care; shortage or inadequate distribution of skilled manpower; lack of insurance coverage for home care services for the elderly; lack of registry system or database for the elderly; lack of or weakness in elderly-friendly activities in the service centers.

The current elderly care system in Iran faces many challenges in all six building blocks of the World Health Organization. Reforming and redesigning the elderly care system based on the findings of this study is necessary and urgent in order to meet the needs of the elderly in the country.

Food and beverage industries have decisive rule due to amount of employment and significant income generation. At micro perspective, due to the wide range of influencing factors, trends do not follow linear behavior and their analysis with non-dynamic tools is challenging. In general, the food and beverage industries in Iran, in addition to the global challenges, are facing many problems that make the prevailing environment more complicated. Among these problems, we can mention the old equipment, difficult access to quality raw materials due to sanctions and the instability of economic indicators. Therefore, if strategies performance cannot be adjusted in line with the market, the resulting losses can be significant and irreparable. In this paper, we developed a system dynamics model (simulation in Vensim) to investigating the production strategies and market in a complex space. For this purpose, we run the simulation 12 times with respect to 4 policies and 3 scenarios. The results show that due to profitability, the strategy of deleting loss products achieve the highest score of performance. Meanwhile, strategy of hybrid production (outsource and factory production) selected due to market penetration.

In today's competitive business landscape, the efficient management of supply chains has become a cornerstone of success for economic enterprises. Supplier selection, as the initial link in the supply chain, holds significant sway over various critical factors, such as product quality, return rates, and production costs. However, the real world is rife with uncertainties, making the application of a fuzzy approach highly advisable. This study's primary objective is to develop a model for supplier selection and order quantity determination for perishable protein products in a retail setting under uncertain conditions. Initially, a comprehensive fuzzy multi-objective model is designed for Kourosh Protein, a company in the closed-loop supply chain, aiming to minimize costs, waste, and maximize profit, customer satisfaction, quality, and profit margin in the face of uncertainty. Subsequently, this full-fledged fuzzy multi-objective model is transformed into a deterministic single-objective model using the Sharma and Agarwal method (2018), yielding optimal order quantities from each supplier. The model's practical implementation in an Iranian retail store for protein products, such as sausages, bologna, hamburgers, etc., demonstrates its potential to reduce costs and boost profits.IntroductionThe global population's rapid expansion and shifts in lifestyle have significantly elevated the food sector's importance in the global economy, specifically in Sustainable Food Supply Chain Management (SFSCM). SFSCM plays a pivotal role in balancing economic, social, and environmental criteria to optimize supply chain performance. Within the complex food supply chain, suppliers wield considerable influence due to their impact on product attributes, safety, quality, and perishability. Supplier selection, a critical facet of SFSCM, substantially affects a company's strategic and operational performance, product pricing, and quality. In this context, this research introduces a fully fuzzy multi-objective model (FFMOP) to enhance the sustainable supply chain performance of a retail company's protein products. Given the inherent uncertainties associated with supplier selection, the proposed model incorporates an extensive array of variables to simulate real-world scenarios. This innovative approach aims to address identified gaps in existing literature, providing a more robust and realistic tool for bolstering supply chain sustainability.Materials and MethodsThis study constructs a full fuzzy multi-objective model with the objective of determining optimal order quantities within the food supply chain while integrating sustainability criteria. The analyzed supply chain network encompasses multiple suppliers, a single retailer, and end consumers, characterized by multi-product and multi-level interactions. The model seeks to optimize profit, customer satisfaction, brand acceptance, quality, profit margin, and minimize waste production while determining the optimal order volume for each product from each supplier. Reviewing the existing literature reveals various approaches to tackle Full Fuzzy Multi-Objective Problems. This research employs the methodology proposed by Sharma & Aggarwal in 2018 to solve the FFMOP model. After defuzzification, the final model is solved using GAMS software to determine the optimal values of decision variables.ResultsThis research utilizes a case study of an Iranian retail company with eight main suppliers providing 15 protein food products. However, the focus is primarily on four key products: sausages, bologna, hamburgers, and pizza cheese, which are examined. Data for the study was collected from historical company records and interviews with experts from June 2021 to 2022. Model parameters are defined using trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. A comparison of optimal order quantities with the company's actual orders and sales reveals that the proposed model for order allocation leads to reduced ordering, maintenance, and procurement costs for the company. Additionally, the model mitigates waste resulting from unsold products.ConclusionSupplier selection stands as a pivotal process in an effective supply chain, exerting substantial influence on a company's strategic outcomes and performance metrics. This study employs a full fuzzy multi-objective model to identify the most suitable supplier and determine optimal orders within a sustainable food supply chain context. To better mimic real-world conditions, variables and parameters are treated as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. A comparison of the model's outputs with actual sales data indicates that this methodology aligns more accurately with sales figures. Consequently, applying this model has the potential to reduce waste production and economic consequences. The study's achievement lies in selecting a supplier through a methodology that simultaneously considers sustainability criteria within a fully fuzzy environment while determining optimal order quantities from various suppliers. Moreover, the model's flexibility allows for its application across diverse industries, including dairy and dried fruit, for procuring and selling an array of products from potential suppliers.

Today, productivity is one of the most important factors in economic growth. At the organizational level, a high level of productivity indicates optimal performance to gain a competitive advantage. Despite the important role of productivity of service organizations in economic growth, few studies have been conducted in this context. The purpose of this study is to evaluate service productivity by a combined fuzzy best-worst method and data envelopment analysis.
In the first stage, carrying out a comprehensive review of the research literature, indicators of service productivity evaluation were identified. Then, the evaluation indicators were weighed using the fuzzy best-worst method. After weighing the indicators and determining the importance of each of them, using the data envelopment analysis approach, the efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity of Mazandaran Electricity Distribution Company were evaluated for five consecutive years from 2016 to 2020.
In this study, efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity were simultaneously evaluated using quantitative and qualitative indicators affecting the evaluation of the productivity of electricity distribution companies.
The obtained results would help to assess service productivity by emphasizing both quantitative and qualitative aspects of services and paying attention to the dimensions of efficiency and effectiveness simultaneously. Productivity improvement strategies were also suggested based on the achieved results of the current study.

Smart product-service systems (SPSS) as a new paradigm was presented recently, which created considerable changes in the industry and production, especially in the production of smart home appliances. Despite many achievements in implementing SPSS, this system faces many challenges in the development and implementation processes. This study aims to identify and analyze the challenges of implementing an SPSS and evaluate and prioritize them as one of the most basic initial steps in implementing the system.
In this paper, first, the challenges of implementing SPSS are identified through literature review, document review, interviews with experts, and the fuzzy Delphi method. Then the best-worst rough-fuzzy method is used to prioritize the identified challenges.
Twenty challenges of implementing SPSS were classified into seven main groups consisting of staff, information security, technology, finance and process, design, infrastructure, and government/market, and evaluated by the best-worst rough-fuzzy method. The main challenges are financial and process, technology, employees, design, market and government, infrastructure and information security, respectively. In the same way, the weight and rank of all twenty challenges classified in these groups were determined. Since evaluating and prioritizing the challenges of implementing the SPSS is a multi-criteria decision-making process and includes uncertainties that may lead to incorrect evaluation results, in this research, the concepts of rough set theory and fuzzy logic, which are efficient in such conditions, are used as the prioritization method. Since the best-worst rough-fuzzy method simultaneously integrates both intra-individual and interpersonal uncertainty and takes advantage of the features of the fuzzy set in managing individual verbal ambiguities and the benefits of the rough set theory in examining the diversity of group preferences, the model has a good performance for finding optimal and fuzzy rough weights of challenges and makes the obtained evaluation more accurate and objective than the best-worst method based on fuzzy logic or rough theory.
Since SPSS is rapidly expanding as a new field in manufacturing and industry, and the development of smart home appliances is one of the waves of technology in the future and will provide new and exciting opportunities for businesses, home appliance manufacturing companies are bound to compete to get their share of these opportunities. Industrial enterprises, especially in the home appliance industry, can be more profitable, and improve their market share in this industry by turning to the integration of products and smart services based on information and communication technology and joining the production companies that use SPSS. Using the results of this study, manufacturing and service companies can more accurately assess the challenges ahead in implementing SPSS and appropriately allocate organizational resources to manage the challenges.

We studied the behavior of the earthquake network using the HEALPix spherical pixelization and square cells methods. In the first method, the geographical region is divided into isolatitude rhombic-spherical cells of the same areas using the HEALPix method. In the second method, we divided the geographical region into isolatitude equal areas of the square cells. To construct a network, if an earthquake happens in a cell, that cell will become a node, and two nodes will be connected with an edge for two successive events. The earthquake network is built from Iran’s seismic data from 1900 June 12 to 2015 December 12. We determined the Hurst exponent (H = 0.6) due to the rescaled range (R/S) analysis. This value reveals a long temporal correlation in earthquake time-series; therefore, the earthquake system is suggested to be self-organized. We showed that among the five major seismotectonic provinces of Iran (Alborz-Azarbayejan, Kope Dagh, Central-East Iran, Zagros, and Makran), the earthquake network hubs are located in the Zagros region, which is a seismically very active region. According to this result, the Zagros earthquakes affect the surrounding earthquakes. The probability distribution function’s power-law behavior with a network built in the pixelization rhombic-spherical cells shows scale free behavior’s properties than a network constructed based on the square cells. The mean clustering coefficient’s power-law nature with networks built using two methods shows that the earthquake network is scale-free and non-random. We concluded that the rhombic-spherical cell pixelization is a more reliable method for building the large geographical region’s earthquake network.

Architectural and urban features of the past explain the identity of cities. The study of the historical contexts of cities, the spatial structure and configuration of historical spaces, and specifically residential buildings, reveals the extent to which the structure of space affects the behavioral patterns of residents. It should be noted that the yard and open space of residential buildings are the center and core for organizing home spaces. This article was examined the yard configuration of residential buildings in the historical context of Lahijan in Sharbafan neighborhood in the twentieth decade. The research method in the present study was associated with descriptive-inferential analysis, which was done quantitatively and qualitatively. In the qualitative section, library documents were examined. In the quantitative part, first, the spatial structure of Sharbafan neighborhood was simulated based on an old photo belonging to the 1320s by Cinema 4D software. In the next step, the simulated range plan was drawn in Autocad software and dxf output was taken from it. To analyze and study the spatial organization and space syntax, and to obtain a variety of indicators of combined analysis using the axial map, among the software in this regard, by studying and reviewing, UCL Depth Map software has been used for this research. Comparing the visual and axial Intelligibility of the samples shows the superiority of the two-sided type in axial and visual Intelligibility over the one-sided and middle-sided types. The highest correlation was observed in the visual Intelligibility of the two-sided type and the lowest correlation was observed in visual Intelligibility of the one-sided type. Access to physical information and spatial structure of historical contexts through photographs allows the study and comparison of the current situation with the previous era. Analysis of spatial and physical structure of the simulated model with space syntax software makes it possible to study architecture and spaces of historical contexts.