javad eynypour

Driving violations are the cause of many fatal, financial, and psychological accidents. So, Effective punishment can be effective in reducing violations. This study aimed to identify punitive measures taken by drivers to deter driving violations.
The approach of this qualitative research was exploratory in terms of type and content analysis in terms of method, which was analyzed using the three-stage Colaizzi coding method using MAXQDA-2020 software. The participating community included all elites, experienced traffic commanders, selected psychology professors, selected law professors, lawyers, sociologists, and education experts in Iran, from whom 19 people were identified and interviewed in writing until theoretical saturation was reached. In this study, a semi-structured written interview form was used in the form of 82 multiple-choice questions and 10 open-ended questions.
The analysis revealed that deterrent punishments for violations encompassed comprehensive and organizing themes, including: educational-explanatory measures: obligation to correct (3 basic themes) and referral (4 basic themes), financial-economic measures: payment (2 basic themes), probation (2 basic themes) and increasing the cost (4 basic themes), media-advertising measures: limited (2 basic themes) and general (4 basic themes), reactive-feedback measures: monitoring (5 basic themes), negative-punitive (4 basic themes) and limiting (5 basic themes).
Intelligent Automation and urgency of feedback were the most central inferences extracted from the themes of punitive measures to deter driving violations.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate of the effectiveness of the educational package of happiness skills based on the Islamic approach for happiness, life satisfaction and anger control in mothers and compared the results with Fordyce package. The research study had two sections, the first section was a package designed according to an Islamic approach and the second step was quantitative with a semi-experimental method with a pre-test, post-test with a comparison group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included married mothers aged 20 to 40 in the whole city of Tehran and the sample were chosen using purposing sampling based on the entry criteria. They were 30 women who were randomly put into two experimental groups and a comparison group. The participants in the experimental group were trained in happiness skills using the Islamic approach in 9 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group had 8 sessions of 90 minutes. To collect the data, the Fordyce-Isfahan Happiness Questionnaires, Life Satisfaction and Anger Questionnaire were used. Variance analysis with repeated measurements were used for analyzing the data. The findings showed that the happiness skills training package based via the Islamic approach was effective in promoting happiness, life satisfaction and anger control of mothers.

The performance of the police is always subject to the judgment of public opinion, that appropriate methods of persuasion can play a role in the psychological safety and positive attitude of the people towards the police. This research was done in order to identify the ways of psychological persuading public opinion about police performance.

This research was qualitative in nature and of the type of expert meeting. The community of research participants included professors, experts and elites of the police force, 12 of them were selected purposefully and participated in the expert meeting to discuss and comment on the topic of the research. Comments and discussions were coded in three steps using MAXQDA-20 software.

The coding showed that the methods of psychological persuading public opinion about police performance consist of 9 dimensions: policies (2 components), interaction (2 components), sociability (4 components), audience awareness (2 components) and capacities (4 components), competent police (3 components), implementation (3 components), challenges (2 components) and weaknesses (2 components).

Psychological persuasion of public opinion about police performance is the product of a structured network of the role of the police, society elites, partner institutions and members of the society, which are interactively related to each other, and attention and building capacity for its application can facilitate and strengthen the persuasion process.

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders in children, and caring for children with epilepsy is very challenging and stressful. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on resilience and meaning of life among mothers with children with epilepsy.

This semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up period was conducted with the participation of 32 mothers of children with epilepsy who referred to the Porsina, a teaching hospital, in Rasht city in 2022. Sampling was done by available sampling method. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups of cognitive behavioral therapy and control group (16 mother in each group). For the intervention group, Beck cognitive behavioral therapy was implemented for 10 sessions. The data were collected using the Conner & Davidson Resilience, and the Steger Meaning in Life Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using repeated covariance analysis test and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

In the intervention group, the mean (SD) of resilience increased from 42.8 (8.3) in the pre-test to 64.3 (5.1) in the post-test and 63.9 (3.6) in the follow-up. (P<0.001). Also the meaning of life increased from 32.3 (2.3) in the pre-test to 54.3 (1.8) in the post-test, and 55.5 (1.8) in the follow-up (P<0.001). No significant change was observed in the control group.

This study showed that cognitive behavioral therapy has been effective in increasing resilience and meaning in life of mothers of children with epilepsy.

In addition to socio-economic factors, psychological factors are also involved in women's crimes, which indicate the complex nature of crimes. Therefore, it is important to identify the psychological antecedents that affect crime tendency and action. The aim of this study was to Investigating the relationship between dark triad of personality and impulsivity with criminogenic cognitions among female prisoners in Bushehr. The present study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all female prisoners in Bushehr. The sample consisted of 89 people who were selected by availability sampling. To collect data, Dark Triad of Personality Scale (Jonason & Webster, 2010), Barat Impulsiveness Scale (Barratt, 2004), and Revised Scale of Criminogenic Cognitions (Tangney, 2012) were used. SPSS-22 software was used for data analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between dark triad of personality, impulsivity and criminogenic cognitions (P<0.001). The results also showed that criminogenic cognitions can be predicted based on impulsivity and dark triad of personality. Dark triad of personality explained 54% of the variance and impulsivity explained 42% of the variance in criminogenic cognitions. Dark triad of personality and impulsivity components have the power to predict criminogenic cognitions and play a significant role in determining the variance of criminogenic cognitions among female prisoners.

Sense of cohesion can affect nurses' personal and professional performance and it is important to identify the factors involved in it. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of ambiguity tolerance in the relationship between emotion management and sense of cohesion in nurses in Tehran.

The present study was a descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of the present study includes nurses in Tehran, from which 189 people were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools included a sense of cohesion questionnaire, an ambiguity tolerance questionnaire and an emotion regulation questionnaire.

The results showed that the correlation coefficient between emotion management and ambiguity tolerance (0.67), ambiguity tolerance and sense of cohesion (0.76) and emotion management and sense of cohesion (0.68) was significant at the level of 0.01. Also, tolerance of ambiguity in the relationship between emotion management and sense of cohesion in nurses had a mediating role (P <0.05).

Accordingly, in the relationship between emotion management and sense of cohesion in nurses, ambiguity tolerance had a mediating role. Therefore, emotion management can help strengthen their sense of cohesion by increasing the level of ambiguity tolerance in nurses.

One of the important tools in the process of detecting and identifying murderers is to identify their psychological characteristics based on how they occur and how organized the murder is. This issue has a great impact on the development of the scientific approach of the police. The purpose of this study is to compare the attachment and impulsivity styles of vengeful killers with confrontational killers.

The method of the present study is a cross-sectional causal-comparative type. The sampling method was purposeful and this was done through screening interviews with 150 murderers in Rajai Shahr prison in Karaj. Finally, two groups of 30 people were selected separately from the revenge and confrontation murderers. The research instruments were Bart (2004) Impulsivity Questionnaire and Collins and Reed (1980) Adult Attachment Questionnaire and the data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and chi-square test.

Exposed killers had a secure attachment style and revenge killers had an avoidant attachment style and their level of impulsivity was significantly different from confrontational killers in both motor and cognitive components.

The degree of impulsivity and the type of avoidance attachment style of revenge killers indicated the existence of serious psychological trauma in comparison with confrontational killers.

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing negative mood regulation and self-review in drug dependent and normal people.

The current research method is causal-comparative of a descriptive type. A sample of 30 drug addicts and 30 normal people was selected by multi-stage cluster method in Mallard city in 2018. The research tool was the negative mood regulation questionnaire of Salvatore and Mearns and the self-review questionnaire of Snyder and Ganjesteed.

The research findings showed that there is a significant difference between the research groups in the regulation of negative mood and self-review.

According to the results of this research, drug addicts suffer from negative mood regulation and self-review. This shows that metacognitive factors should be taken into account in the prevention of drug addiction and in its treatment.

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders in children, characterized by frequent seizures caused by abnormal brain secretions. Children with epilepsy cannot manage themselves independently and need more intensive care from their caregivers than adult patients, and this problem puts a heavy burden on parents, especially mothers. Caring for children with epilepsy is very challenging and stressful. Also, symptoms and disabilities associated with neurological conditions majorly impact on individuals, families and caregivers. Studies have shown that, among different treatment approaches, dialectical behavior therapy plays a significant role in achieving behavioral and emotional stability, as well as the functioning of the mother and the family with a child suffering from neurodevelopmental and chronic disorders. So, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the emotional control and resilience of mothers of children with epilepsy.

The present research was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a two–month follow–up design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all mothers of children with epilepsy who were referred to Poursina Medical and Educational Center in Rasht City, Iran, in 2021. Of whom 32 mothers were voluntarily selected by the convenience sampling method considering the inclusion criteria. After acquiring their informed consent, they were assigned to a dialectical behavior therapy and a control group (16 people in each group) by random method (lottery). The study data were gathered via Emotion Control Questionnaire (Roger and Najarian, 1989) and Conner–Davidson Resilience Scale (Conner & Davidson, 2003). To perform the therapeutic intervention, Marsha Linehan's dialectical behavior therapy (1970) was implemented for the experimental group in 10 sessions (one session per week for 120 minutes) and at the same time, the control group did not undergo any type of psychotherapy intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 software. In descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation were used. At the level of inferential statistics, the Chi–square test, variance analysis test with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. The significance level of the tests was 0.05.

Results showed that the group effect (p<0.001), time effect (p<0.001), and group and time interaction effect (p<0.001) on emotional control variable and its components (emotional inhibition, aggression control, non–rumination, benign control) and resilience variable were significant. The posttest and follow–up scores of the emotion control variable and its components (emotional inhibition, aggression control, non–rumination, benign control) and the resilience variable in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the pretest scores (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the scores of the control group at different times in mentioned variables (p>0.05). Also, regarding the emotion control variable and its components (emotional inhibition, aggression control, non–rumination, benign control) and the resilience variable, no significant differences were observed between the posttest and follow–up scores of the mentioned variables, which indicated the lasting effect of the intervention in the follow–up phase (p>0.05).

According to the findings, dialectical behavior therapy effectively increases the emotional control and resilience of mothers of children with epilepsy. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use dialectical behavior therapy to improve and increase emotional control and resilience of mothers of children with epilepsy or similar diseases.

Resilience is considered one of the greatest capabilities of the present age. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of resilience training on cognitive flexibility of female taekwondo athletes in Karaj.

This research was a quasi-experimental research and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study included all female taekwondo athletes in Karaj. At first, clusters of several clubs were randomly selected and then, with the implementation of Dennis and Venarval's cognitive flexibility questionnaire (2010), individuals with low cognitive flexibility were identified. Then , among them, 32 people were selected and replaced as a sample in two experimental and control groups (16 people in each group) by simple random sampling. After implementing the resilience training protocol for 12 sessions of 45 minutes, the questionnaire was administered again as a post-test for both groups. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the findings.

The test results showed that the effect of intervention on the dependent variable of cognitive flexibility was significant.

Resilience training increases people's flexibility due to the development of real experiences, empirical study of thoughts and helping to correct thoughts.

Internet addiction means excessive and unnecessary use of the Internet. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of brain-behavioral systems in Internet addiction among university students.

This was a descriptive and correlational research. The statistical population was all the students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch in the academic year 1397-98. A sample of 162 students were selected, based on the Tabachnick & Fidell formula, using the multi-phase cluster sampling technic. The tools used to collect data were the harmful Internet use and the brain and behavioral system questionnaires.

Based on the multivariate regression analysis, 66.7% of Internet addiction among the students could be explained by brain-behavioral systems.  Active avoidance and approach, as components of the behavioral activation system, could predict Internet addiction negatively, while passive avoidance and extinction, as components of the behavioral inhibition system, and fight and flight from the components of the fight/flight system, could predict Internet addiction positively.

Purposeful communication and information search (pleasant unconditional stimuli), tedium and constant logic dominating the internet environment (unpleasant unconditional stimuli) have their own conditional cues on the Internet that indicate the degree of susceptibility of brain-behavioral systems to internet addiction.

The aim of this study was to construct and validate the students' multiple contextual intelligence test based on Cheng (2000) model of multidimensional intelligence theory. In this model, the most central type of intelligence, namely learning intelligence, which means the ability to learn and think creatively and critically and optimize the use of bio-physiological abilities, is located in the center and heart of the communication model and five other types of intelligence, namely social and cultural, Economic, political and technical are in interaction with it. The research method is survey and the statistical population of this study includes undergraduate students of public and private universities in Iran in the academic year of 1397-98, from which 200 people were randomly selected in clusters, which after excluding incomplete questionnaires reduced to 161 people. This test was organized into 6 components of learning, social, cultural, economic, political and technical intelligence and in the form of 32 questions. After obtaining the appropriate validity and reliability of this test, the data were analyzed using Amos software. After determining the suitability of the model using the fit indices, the results indicated a weak factor load of 5 questions that were removed from the test and the final form of the test was approved. Other results showed that except for the significant and positive two-way relationship between technical intelligence and political intelligence, the relationship between the other paths was not significant; therefore, different types of intelligence components are contextual and have relative independence from each other.