m. maleki

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common disease in the general society. Like many other chronic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis is related to lifestyle. The result of this study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between food habits and physical activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Zahedan.

In this case-control study, 170 healthy individuals referring to health centers in the city and 170 rheumatoid arthritis patients referred to AliIbnAbiTaleb Zahedan Hospital in 1401 were randomly selected. Validity and reliability questionnaires including eating habits and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software and using t-test and chi-square.

The results showed that salty foods (14.7% vs. 7.6%) and high-fat foods more than 3 times a month (52.4% vs. 35.9%) were more common in these patients than in the group. It is healthy. The number of overweight people in arthritis patients is more than the control group, and most of these people sleep less than 7 hours a day, have a low level of education and low income. There was also a significant relationship between physical activity between the two groups (p=0.001).

We found that the level of activity in these areas is lower compared to the general population. Rheumatoid arthritis patients have bad food habits. Therefore, a healthy lifestyle should be followed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

HIV/AIDS is a major health concern globally. Promoting HIV AIDS literacy for everyone is one of the appropriate and required measures in this regard. The present research aimed to improve HIV/AIDS literacy among male teachers in high schools of Ahvaz.

The present field-trial study was conducted on 200 male teachers of the first and second high schools of Ahvaz. The study population was randomly divided into intervention (n=100) and control (n=100) groups. The Iranian HIV/AIDS Literacy Questionnaire was used to collect data. According to easy-to-read texts and alternative communication tools strategies, HIV/AIDS Literacy intervention was developed. The intervention included developing an educational pamphlet and sending SMS to the intervention group. One month after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed again and analyzed by SPSS software using logistic regression and t-test.

The age mean and standard deviation of the participants was 41.60 ± 7.80. At the baseline, the mean and standard deviation of HIV/AIDS literacy was 11.1 ± 3.46 in the intervention group and 9.63 ± 2.54 in the comparison group. After the intervention, the score of HIV/AIDS literacy significantly improved in the intervention group (P<0.001). Only marital status was the significant predictor for HIV/AIDS literacy. Analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficients showed that understanding and search skills have the strongest correlation with HIV/AIDS literacy.

Based on the study findings, it was concluded that promoting HIV/AIDS literacy through the use of easily understandable texts and alternative communication tools can prove to be effective. Considering the role of teachers in transferring knowledge and skills to prevent HIV and its transmission, it is suggested to hold regular and continuous training courses for all teachers.

Nowadays, due to the increase in the cases of kidney diseases, the demand for kidney transplant and dialysis is increasing, but unfortunately, no promising results with such methods were achieved, and most importantly, some kidney diseases are not found to be curable, yet. Because of this, new approach of tissue engineering became the starting point for diversifying the types of kidney treatments. In this way, researchers are trying to use scaffolds, especially natural or synthetic hydrogels, which act as extracellular matrices and carriers for mesenchymal stem cells or other therapeutic factors, to cure kidney disease in a quick and permanent way. In this article, new methods and procedures concerning the use of hydrogels in treating kidney diseases were reviewed. Clinical trials conducted in chronic kidney diseases have shown the safety and efficiency of using hydrogels containing one's own epithelial cells, and hopefully, could be used as a new method in the treatment of acute and chronic kidney diseases in the near future.

Congenital hearing loss causes disturbances in the development of language and speech. The P300 test is an auditory electrophysiological test that examines auditory attention and discrimination abilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate P300 waves and its relationship with speech and language skills in children with moderate to severe hearing loss and compare it children with normal hearing.

This is a cross-sectional study performed in 2022. The results of the P300 test, language and speech tests (SIR, TOLD and Wepman scale) in 21 children with sensorineural hearing loss compared with the results of 21 matched children with normal hearing. All children in two groups were right-handed. Comparison between two groups was performed with t-test. Pearson's test was used to investigate the significant relationship between the results of P300 tests and speech tests.

There was a significant difference between the P300 wave latency results in the two patient and normal groups, but no difference was observed in the amplitude of P300 waves (p> 0.05). Also, all of speech and language tests had statistically significant differences between the two groups. A significant relationship was also observed between P300 latency and speech and language tests (p= 0.01).

The obtained results showed the difference of central auditory processing in hearing impaired and normal hearing children and P300 waves can be helpful in identifying attention and central processing problems.

Plane strain upsetting of round cross-section billets between the flat and V-shaped dies has been studied in this paper. A deformation model has been proposed and the geometry of the deformed billet cross-section is determined for a given displacement of the top flat die. To analyze the process, the slab method of analysis has been applied and for a given process conditions, the required forming load has been estimated. The process under consideration has been performed also with the finite-element method to predict the forming load and the material flow. The calculated forming load and the deformed billet cross-section geometry compare well with the FE simulations data. The effects of friction factor and the angle of the V-shaped bottom die on the forming load have been investigated. The theoretical results have been indicated that as the bottom die angle decreases the forming load decreases and the forming load is not influenced by friction in case of small bottom die angles.

Boeoticum specie is a valuable drought-tolerance gene source to breed wheat yield under stress. This study was done to identify the most important traits affecting grain yield of 10 boeoticum ecotypes under drought stress conditions for two years. Water use efficiency, fertile spikes number per plant and seed number per plant showed the highest positive and significant (p≤0.01) correlation with grain yield per plant. Water use efficiency, fertile spikes number per plant, seed number per the main spike, biological yield per plant, and water use (with a negative regression coefficient), as the most important traits, were entered into the regression model, respectively. The most direct effect on increasing grain yield was water use efficiency. Seed number per plant and fertile spikes number per plant, due to increased water use efficiency, showed the most indirect effect on grain yield.  Ecotype 5, as a drought-tolerant ecotype, showed a high water use efficiency by allocating more assimilates to yield components. It had a high grain yield. On the other hand, ecotype 6 was introduced as the most drought-susceptible ecotype with low-economical yield. In this study, high water use efficiency increased the traits related to seed number per plant. The ratio of assimilating allocation to aboveground or under-ground parts was the main mechanism for the adaptation of ecotypes. Therefore, selection based on these mechanisms will lead to the identification of drought-tolerant ecotypes for future wheat breeding programs.

Conflict in natural resources arises from the disagreement over the availability, control, and use of the natural resources. This study aimed to identify the effective causes of conflict between stakeholders in natural resources management. In this study, legal, managerial, exploitation, and social components were examined from the perspectives of both experts and stakeholders in the forest watersheds downstream of Sefidrood and Polrud in Guilan province. The research was conducted basd on quantitative and survey methods. The natural resource experts and exploiters completed 173 questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaire for all categories of items was more than 0.9. T-test was applied to compare the views of the two groups. The results showed a significant difference between the views of exploiters and government experts in terms of the factors affecting the conflict. The most important components for increasing the conflict in this region from stakeholders' perspective are the law-breaking, cutting-down trees, council ownership of pastures, the low presence of women in this field, and low cooperation. According to the experts, lack of laws, lack of rangeland union, non-compliance of watershed management plans with the ecological conditions, and low collaboration between people have been introduced. Both groups confirmed the low awareness of the exploiters, but issues such as early grazing, accumulated livestock, understory agriculture, plowing of national land were not recognized by the exploiters as the causes of rangeland destruction and conflict. Experts also did not confirm the important factors such as land-use conversion and assignments that led to the aggression in the region. In fact, both groups did not acknowledge the factors that could have contributed to the increase in the conflict. From the managerial point of view, both groups have declared that the most effective way to reduce the conflict is the confinement of forests and pastures and cooperative management.

Citrus greening (HLB) is one of the most damaging citrus diseases worldwide. As well, the three most important causal agents of this disease in the world include "Candidatus (Ca.) Liberibacter asiaticus ("CLas"), Ca. Liberibacter africanus ("CLaf"), and Ca. Liberibacter americanus ("CLam"). Accordingly, these were reported from Asian-American, African, and American countries, respectively. Of note, "CLas" species is found as the most important causal agent of this disease in all countries in the world, including Iran. It seems that the most effective way to reduce HLB is finding those cultivars that are resistant or tolerant to HLB. Accordingly, in the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the reaction of a number of common citrus cultivars to this bacterium.

In the present research, ten commercial rootstocks and cultivars of the common citrus in the south of Iran, including Mexican lime, sour orange, mandarin orange, Kinnow mandarin, Orlando tangelo mandarin, local orange, Valencia orange ,sweet lemon, grapefruit, and Lisbon lemons were prepared as seedlings. After checking their health, they were inoculated with the citrus greening agent and then kept in an insect-free greenhouse at night at 25°C and during the day at 30°C.By passing two months from the inoculation, the pathogen was detected by performing specialized tests in inoculated seedlings. Thereafter, three two-year-old seedlings from each one of the above-mentioned rootstocks and cultivars were grafted with two infected buds. Two months after the inoculation, normal and nested PCR tests were performed on the vein tissue extract of the infected seedlings, once every two months, for a 12-month duration. Finally, both sensitivity and relative resistance of cultivars were evaluated based on the average number of days until the detection of the first Ca. L. asiaticus by PCR and also the incubation period of the disease, in each seedling.

The causal agent of this disease ("CLas") was detected at the earliest time(in Valencia oranges and Orlando tangelo mandarin after 180 and 200 days, respectively) after the inoculation with infected graft, compared to other cultivars and rootstocks. Among the studied species, the "CLas" was detected in both Mexican lime and Lisbon lemon with the longest delay (by passing 330 and 300 days from the inoculation, respectively). According to the results, "CLas" was detected in sour orange and sweet lemon 290 and 280 days after the inoculation with infected graft, respectively. Based on the average number of days until the detection of the first Ca. L. asiaticus by PCR and also the incubation period of the disease, in each seedling, Mexican lime and Lisbon lemon were found as the most tolerant species and Valencia oranges and Orlando tangelo mandarin were found as the most susceptible ones to HLB. Moreover, sour orange and sweet lemon seedlings were moderately susceptible ones; and grapefruit, local orange, local, and Kinnow mandarin were moderately tolerant to HLB.

Due to the reason that this bacterium does not grow in conventional medium, in this study, it was not possible to multiply it in artificial medium and then contaminate the plant with it. Therefore, performing the inoculation through grafting the seedlings with HLB infected buds was considered as the most appropriate method for seedlings inoculation with the pathogen. The faster the pathogen can settle and multiply and the symptoms appear in the host, the greater the susceptibility of the host to the disease. Early pathogen’s detection and symptoms’ observation in some hosts such as Valencia oranges and Orlando tangelo mandarin, indicate better bacterial proliferation in both cultivars. Notably, no symptoms of the disease were observed in Mexican lime and Lisbon lemons after 15 months, and one year after the inoculation in sour orange and sweet lemon plants. There is evidence that all known citrus cultivars are affected to this pathogen with different degrees of susceptibility. Based on the results of this study and the results of previous researchers in the world, it seems that researchers should look for the sources of resistance factors to HLB in more species and cultivars. Correspondingly, these sources can be used in the following two ways: used as a rootstock or scion, and used in the efforts of breeders to produce a resistant cultivar.

Nowadays, surface roughness measurement has been considered in many civil and industrial applications. One of the important indicators in measuring the roughness of the surface, is determining the fractal dimension. To determine the fractal dimension, the profile meters are usually used by contact method, which in the case of surfaces with low roughness may cause distortion of the surface texture and as a result, the roughness is measured with low accuracy. In this study, a fast and reliable method based on close range photogrammetry, which is a non-contact method, for measuring fractal dimension and roughness is presented. The case study in this research is the sand surface.. Digital elevation model was created by taking several overlapped photographs. For accurate measurements on the surface 6 control points were created, then scaling and definition of the coordinate system was performed. The accuracy in x-y plane is 1.33 mm and the height accuracy is 0.32 mm. In order to measure the surface roughness parameters including correlation length and root mean square height (rms-height), several profiles were extracted from the three-dimensional surface. The slope of the surface spectrum was calculated using Welch method for each of these profiles then the fractal dimensions were calculated. Finally, using the fractal dimension, the correlation length and rms-height were calculated for each of the profiles. In this study, surface roughness was evaluated using four indices of fractal dimension, correlation length, rms-height and ZS parameter (ratio of rms-height to correlation length). ‌ The results showed that for all profiles, ZS with 81% correlation coefficient with fractal dimension, is a sufficient indicator for calculating the surface roughness, because of the the independence of this indicator from the length of the profile. This study showed that the close-range photogrammetry is a very suitable and reliable method for measuring roughness parameters. One of the important advantages of this method, unlike other methods such as needle or laser profile meters, is having multiple profiles in any desired direction and preserve of texture (especially on very low roughness surfaces) due to direct contact of the profile meter with the surface.

Health workers are the most fundamental elements of the health system whose mission is to improve the health of the rural community. Assessing and measuring the level of health is one of the important health issues. Health is a broad concept with multiple dimensions including physical, mental, and social health. Social health is a concept that has become increasingly important in scientific, policy, and executive circles. Social health emphasizes aspects of health related to a personchr('39')s relationship with other people or the communities in which he lives. One of the factors affecting social health is quality of life. Quality of life is a multidimensional concept affected by many important factors such as physical and mental conditions. Assessing the quality of life is important in order to determine physical, mental, and social performance. These dimensions can be discussed independently, but there is a correlation between them. Certainly, the development of health promotion programs in the community, regardless of the social and cultural context of the community in question leads to inefficient solutions. Despite the importance of health workerschr('39') work, their high volume of work, and pathological consequences, few studies are conducted on the qualitative and social fields of health workers. As a result, it is necessary to pay attention to their physical, mental, and social health and quality of life. Achieving goals in the field of health requires preventing death, reducing disability, improving the quality of life, and efficient workforce. Since health workers are at the forefront of health care centers, it is necessary to have good social health and quality of life to provide services to villagers. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the social health and quality of life in health workers in Qorveh and Dehgolan in 2019.

This study was conducted to evaluate the social health and quality of life of health workers in Qorveh and Dehgolan cities affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study and included 198 health workers working in health centers in Qorveh and Dehgolan cities. Among them, 87 were working in 42 health centers of Dehgolan and 111 in 58 health centers of Qorveh. Samples were selected by census sampling method. After obtaining approval from the Research Ethics Committee and receiving a letter of introduction from Iran University of Medical Sciences and submitting it to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, the researcher obtained permission to participate in the research. In order to observe ethical considerations, the researcher first explained the objectives and method of the study to the officials of Qorveh and Dehgolan health centers, and in collaboration with them attended the workshops where the researcher attended as a lecturer and after obtaining informed consent, the researched distributed demographic information form, Social Health Questionnaire, and SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire among health workers to complete in 10 days and deliver to Qorveh health workers, and then to Dehgolan Welfare Training Center, and subsequently to Dehgolan Health Center. The researcher thanked the health workers and collected the information of the health workers who were absent during the workshops hold in the health centers. After collecting information which lasted for 3 months, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.

The findings of the present study showed that most of the health workers participating in this study were women, their average age was 37 years, the majority were married, and officially employed, and had a diploma degree. Most of them assessed their economic situation as moderate, owned a house, and had no underlying diseases. The total score of social health was 69.28 ± 7.6 which indicates the average social health in health workers. The highest and lowest mean scores obtained among the dimensions of social health were social cohesion with an average of 4.09 ± 20.67 and social acceptance with an average of 2.96 ± 0.64, respectively. The total score of quality of life of health workers was 63.30 ± 20.87, which indicates their average quality of life. Quality of life was the highest in the dimension of physical function with an average of 73.35 ± 29.74, and was the lowest in the dimension of general health with an average of 57.82 ± 21.74. Also, the physical health dimension with an average of 63.85 ± 24.58 was higher than the mental health dimension with an average of 62.75 ± 21.29. The only variable that had a statistically significant relationship with the social health of health workers was housing status (p = 0.005). Tukeychr('39')s multiple comparison showed that the average score of social health obtained for health workers with a private home was significantly higher than those with a rental house (p = 0.005), and the difference was not significant in other cases. But all demographic variables of health workers had a statistically significant relationship with quality of life. The results showed that the quality of life in male health workers compared to the females (p = 0.012), health workers with diploma degree compared to health workers with secondary education (p <0.001), single health workers compared to married ones (p <0.001), and health workers who had no history of disease was higher (p <0.001). Age was another variable that had a statistically significant relationship with quality of life (p <0.001). Quality of life in health workers with formal employment was significantly lower than corporate health workers (p <0.001) and also contracted ones (p = 0.007), and this difference was not significant at other levels. Quality of life in health workers with more than 20 years of experience was significantly lower than health workers with 10 - 19 years of experience (p <0.001) and also less than 10 years of experience (p <0.001). The quality of life in health workers with poor economic status was significantly lower than those with average economic status (p = 0.04) and this difference was not significant at other levels. Housing status was another variable that had a statistically significant relationship with quality of life (p = 0.009). Also, the mean score of quality of life obtained for health workers with a private home was significantly higher than those with a rental house (p = 0.018) and in other cases this difference was not significant.

The present study showed that the social health of health workers was average and higher than the mean score of 60. The highest and lowest scores obtained in the dimensions of social health were social cohesion and social acceptance, respectively. Also, the quality of life of health workers was moderate. Health workers obtained the highest score in the physical function dimension and the lowest score in the general health dimension. The mean score in the physical dimension was higher than the mental health dimension. The study on the effect of demographic variables showed that the only variable with a statistically significant relationship with social health was housing status and the difference was not significant for the other cases. All demographic variables of health workers had a statistically significant relationship with quality of life. Variables of quality of life and social health are dynamic concepts that change over time. Examining and measuring this concept depicts the status of human development in society, so continuous monitoring of quality of life and social health is essential. The health system will have the desired efficiency when the problems and needs of its employees are taken into account in its design and management. The results of this study highlight the importance of implementing health education and health promotion interventions in the field of social health and quality of life among employees.

The purpose of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the branding of the Iranian Football League. The statistical population in the qualitative part is experts who had scientific and managerial expertise in the field of sports management and in the quantitative part includes managers and employees of the league organization - managers, supervisors, coaches, players and referees working in the national league organization. Twelve people in the qualitative section and 300 people in the quantitative section formed the statistical sample by the available method. 12subjects in the qualitative section and 300 subjects in the quantitative section formed the statistical sample by the accessible method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured that the results of this interview were used in the form of a questionnaire with 10 main factors in the quantitative part. In this study, for content validity from the point of view of experts and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) and for prioritization, Freidman test was used. The results of the Friedman test showed that the factors of hardware, international relations, planning, financial and marketing resources, rules and regulations, human resources, brand value, technology, technology and information, safety and security had the highest priority. Therefore, these factors can be used as a rational basis for branding the Iranian Football League.

The residency or specialization course in post-graduate medical education in Iran includes 3-5 years depends on different specialization. To be promoted to a higher year, assistants must earn the minimum score specified for their interdepartmental exams and annual national examinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of these exams in academic promotion of assistants and 90.7% of passed assistants and 16% of failed assistants were correctly classified.

This cross-sectional analytical study was done in medical schools of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 1397-1398. The study population included all assistants who had started their residency course in 1394. 120 participants were randomly selected. Data collection tools included checklist, system for recording the educational activities of assistants (logbook), the results of OSCE and MCQ (multiple choice questionnaire) exams. Participants' different exams results were evaluated longitudinally over 4 years. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 11.5 and logistic regression model was used.

The applied model (prediction of academic promotion of assistants based on predictive variables including professional ethics, log books, new evaluation methods, OSCE and MCQ exams) was a complete and a significantly reliable model (p≤ 0.01, df=6 ، Chi-square=46.43). This model was able to predict 11-22% of the variance of the educational promotion of assistants. The results of the analysis showed that among the predictor variables, only interdepartmental exams and yearly MCQ exams had a significant relationship with the passed or failed status of assistants.

Adequate education, employment of experienced faculty members and design and implement structured exams with acceptable validity and reliability will be an effective step in improving the quality of exams and useful evaluation of clinical and practical skills of assistants.

In this paper, the effect of two-step precipitation hardening on the mechanical properties of Al-3.7Cu-1Mg was investigated. For this meaning, some specimens were subjected to the first step aging at 175, 190 and 205°C for 2 h, once the samples solution treated at 500°C. To have stable precipitates uniformly distributed in the microstructure and to reduce the heat treatment time, the second step was implied at 65°C. The tensile and hardness tests were performed at ambient temperature immediately after aging. The results indicated that depending on the first step temperature, the second aging time affects the alloy mechanical behavior in different aspects. A factor named SNMP introduced to determine the cycle giving the best mechanical properties. The strength and elongation increase 1.5 and 2 times respectively; compared to the values reported in the DIN EN 755-2 standard by performing the two-step aging cycle, consisting of the first-stage at 175°C and the second step at 65°C for 10 hours. Moreover, using the proposed two-step aging, the heat treatment time was reduced considerably compared to the conventional precipitation hardening process.

Nutrition literacy is defined as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain process, understand and use nutritional information to make an appropriate decision about nutritional behaviors. This study aimed to determine the nutrition literacy status of 4000 adults, aged 15 years and older, in Kohgiloye and BoyerAhmad province in 2017.

In this cross-sectional study, 4000 adults were selected based on multi-stage sampling method to evaluate their nutrition literacy. Data were collected using standard nutritional literacy assessment questionnaire adapted for Iran population. Chi-square, T tests, one-way ANOVA and regression analysis were applied for data analysis.

Mean and standard deviation of nutrition literacy scores were 21.61 ± 6.42 (minimum and maximum score: 0-35). 8.4% of subjects had inadequate nutrition literacy, 37.4% had adequate nutrition literacy and 54.2 % had moderate nutrition literacy. Basic knowledge of nutrition, ability to select food groups and understanding skills were stronger predictors of nutrition literacy.

Most of subjects had moderate nutrition literacy. Therefore, the people with adequate nutrition literacy will be increased, if an effective intervention method will properly develop and implement to improve the nutritional literacy. In developing this intervention method, focus on basic knowledge of nutrition, ability to choose food groups and understanding skills are necessary.

The aim of this study was to predict the tendency to marital infidelity in women: with the predictive role of lifestyle and marital intimacy. The present study was descriptive and correlational and the statistical population of the study was women working in Isfahan city offices in 1399. Among the statistical population of 250 women were selected by convenience sampling and studied. To collect data, Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ), marital intimacy of Bagarozi (2001) and tendency to marital infidelity Marami and Khademi (2013) were used. After collecting and extracting data, participants' scores were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between lifestyle and marital intimacy with the tendency to marital infidelity in working women. The results also showed that the dimensions of lifestyle and the dimensions of marital intimacy are able to significantly predict the tendency to marital infidelity in working women. The findings of this study show that marital intimacy and lifestyles of married women have a significant role in predicting attitudes toward marital infidelity.

Starvation periods of fish in during the developmental stages on growth indices and blood factors can be affected. The effects of compensatory growth on growth indices and physiological responses (glucose, total protein and cholesterol), study for 8 week investigated in Juveniles of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish were divided in 4 experimental groups with initial weight (13/88±0/88 gr) in triplicate that included: 0 (T1) 2 days (T2), 4 days (T3) and a week (T4) starvation and refeeding periods each with 3 replicates were suffered. At the end of testing blood samples for biochemical analysis of each of the treatments used and metabolites were measured by spectrophotometry methode. Results showed growth indices including the final weight, growth rate, specific growth rate and body weight gain in the control and treatment 2 days a week of starvation were significantly different (p<0.05) but between treatments 1 day starvation and control there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The condition factor and feed conversion ratio in all treatments no significant difference (p>0.05). glucose levels between treatment starvation and control groups showed significant differences (p<0.05) but the total protein and cholesterol were not significantly different between control and starved treatments (p>0.05). The results suggest that commomcarp has the physiologic adjustment ability to short-term starvation and re-feeding period.

Today, vocational education is a part of the school curriculum that is more about preparing students for life and employment in the society. This training can be the main part of the curriculum with a part of as the requirements for graduation or the fulfilment of other courses. This type of training should be an integral part of all phases of education and should be provided through an organized and graded program. In this regard, the main categories of work that are specifically emphasized are: work related to individual needs, work at home, work in the classroom, school and extracurricular activities, and integrated school loss, work as a learning experience, work in society by focusing on altruistic and selfless services, and work related to professional growth, production, social utility, and the discovery of opportunities and ways of caring. In addition to business skills, in today's modern world, access to information and knowledge and gain insight and attitude in this field, is considered important, so the skill of acquiring credible knowledge and information can be a factor in the growth and development of societies. And any plan, initiative, tool and device that focus on the interaction between the instructor and the learner in order to gain competencies is an example of educational technology. The purpose of the present study was to identify the basic skills of work and technology curriculum designed for junior high school students.

This research has been carried out qualitatively using phenomenological method. The research community consisted of sample Iranian instructors of work and technology curriculum. Sampling was carried out by utilizing target method and standard type sampling.  Professional interviews with 13 participants to the extent of saturation were used. For data analysis, the three-step coding method (open, axial and selective) was used.

The findings showed that the basic skills included in work and technology curriculum at the junior high school consists of a series of categories as follows: perceptual (11 subcategories), communication (5 subcategories), ethics (5 subcategories), technical (6 subcategories) and technological (3 subcategories).

Today, it is clear that the teaching and learning of students in the field of work and technology is not limited to school and high school, but it is necessary that students throughout life, from formal to informal education, have a desire for lifelong learning. In the meantime, one of the important tools of lifelong learning that leads to the growth and development of students is the acquisition of information and technology literacy skills, so that information literacy for students increases their ability to recognize information needs, recognize incomplete information, ability to access and discover information, the ability to evaluate information and select information. Technological literacy also increases students' innovation in practice, as well as their ability to use, manage, evaluate, and understand technology, followed by lifelong learning. In general, whether a student is successfully completing high school or not, learning basic skills can prepare him or her for the future. Learning the basics of work and technology should be such that the student is equipped with the abilities, skills, experiences, ambitions that lead to success in life after high school. The results show that it is necessary to revise work and technology curriculum at the junior high school education, and take into account the basic skills mentioned in this study.

In order to evaluate the effect of switching the furrow to drip irrigation methods on stem length, water used efficiency (WUE) and depth of root zone of Sultana grapevines, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replicates in 2015-2016 growing season in Malayer, Iran. Treatments were: furrow irrigation (I1), combination of drip and furrow irrigation system (drip-furrow) (I2), bubbler irrigation (I3), drip 1: three dripper/plant (I4), surface-subsurface drip irrigation (I5), drip 2: five dripper/plant (I6) and drip 3: -eight dripper/plant (I7). The results showed that the drip irrigation caused significant decrease in the shoot length, leaf area and water consumption compared to the furrow irrigation. In the same order, the average of the mentioned parameters for furrow irrigation were 133 cm, 11.1 m2/vine and 5337m3/ha respectively, and for the drip irrigation, 121 cm, 6.5 m2/vine and 3625 m3/ha. These results indicated that there was positive correlations (R2) between the mentioned parameters. The treatments I6 and I7 had a yield of 31 and 29 ton/ha respectively, exceeding the furrow irrigation with yield 24 ton/ha. However, the other drip irrigation treatments showed less yield than furrow irrigation. The maximum WUE was evidenced by I6 treatment (10.3 kg/m3) and the minimum by furrow irrigation (4.9 kg/m3). The results showed that I6 with five dripper/plant, was the most efficient treatment, so it was considered an appropriate irrigation method to change from furrow to drip irrigation. At the end of the experiment, samples were taken from the vine roots revealing that the drip irrigation systems caused shallow roots.

The Random Deposition model is the simplest model for surface growth, where there is no correlation between the neighbor sites of the lattice. In the Ballistic deposition model, the particles stick to the first neighbor particle; thus it is used to describe the deposition of the sticky particles. However, in many true-life phenomena involving surface growth, there is no adhesion. Instead, the friction between the particles leads to interlocking particles and the formation of porosity inside the growing bulk. Presenting a discrete 1+1 dimensional model, we study this case. In this model, if a particle is trapped between two other particles from right and left, it will stay in that position, as an equivalent for friction. The growth and roughness exponents are calculated, close to the Ballistic model, although there is no lateral growth.

A combined hydraulic engine mount and buffer is proposed in this study for use in the mid-priced vehicle. In some vehicle design projects, an engine is selected to use in a new car design. To achieve the desired vibration conditions, the mount can be redesigned with exorbitant costs and long-term research. The idea of using a buffer in the combination of the conventional engine mount is to suggest a solution with affordable price which can improve mount vibration specifications. As a case study, the engine of Renault L90 (Dacia Logan), which name is K4M engine, is selected to use in the national B class automotive platform design. This automotive platform is designed at Automotive Engineering Research Center of Iran University of Science and Technology. The hydraulic engine mount is modeled in CATIA. Some tests are done to validate the simulation results. The conventional and buffer-equipped mount characteristics, which are determined by CATIA, is imported to Adams/Vibration software to evaluate the vibration behavior of the engine mounts. The results show that the use of buffer reduces the stiffness of mount, which should be 2 to 3 times lower than engine's frequency excitation. In some directions, the buffer-equipped mount has a better modal energy and isolation characteristics.

Sediment transport from continents to oceans and seas via rivers is one of the most important processes regulating river-bank stabilization, soil formation, biogeochemical cycling of elements, crustal evolution and many other earth-related processes. Shahroud catchment is a part of Caspian Sea great drainage basin, located in North of Qazvin Province; its main tributaries are Alamoutrud and Taleghanrud rivers. As a structural point of view, the study area is part of Southern-Central Alborz structural zone which is mostly composed of Eocene volcanic units and Miocene terrigenous sedimentary rocks. In this research, water and sediment discharges (2013-2014 water year), grain size and mineralogical analysis of the sediment load were studied. Cyclic variation of discharge indicate a flood-dominated river; both water discharge and sediment load are controlled by the river tributaries and lithology of the catchment. This research shows (for the first time) that suspended load constitutes (mainly silt-size grains, composed of quartz, calcite, feldspar, muscovite/kaolinite) more than 99% of the sediment load. Bed-load materials are mainly volcanic- and carbonate-rock fragments. Erosion is the main process in upstream and transport/sedimentation is dominant in the river mid and downstream.

Introduction and purpose:

The efficiency of the processes involved in maintaining balance and gait, especially the nervous system, decreases due to changes in various systems of the body such as the sensory system of visual, vestibular and proprioceptive systems. The current study was conducted to analyze the effect of the combination and Pilates exercise programs on static and dynamic balance in elderly women in Shiraz.

Among the 50 of elderly women, 30 of them, who were suitable for the aforementioned programs, were chosen. After conducting pre-test, based on combination and Pilates exercise, participants were divided into two 15-person groups. Tools that were utilized throughout the test were Romberg test to measure static balance and Y dynamic balance test to measure dynamic balance. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA method.

Results was demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.05) between combination and Pilates exercise in both groups.

According to the current study, one can conclude that combined and Pilate’s exercises are effective on static and dynamic balance in elderly women. Hence, it is highly recommended for the health programs of the elderly.

This paper develops an MILP model, named Satisfactory-Green Vehicle Routing Problem. It consists of routing a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles in order to serve a set of customers within predefined time windows. In this model in addition to the traditional objective of the VRP, both the pollution and customers’ satisfaction have been taken into account. Meanwhile, the introduced model prepares an effective dashboard for decision-makers that determines appropriate routes, the best mixed fleet, speed and idle time of vehicles. Additionally, some new factors evaluate the greening of each decision based on three criteria. This model applies piecewise linear functions (PLFs) to linearize a nonlinear fuzzy interval for incorporating customers’ satisfaction into other linear objectives. We have presented a mixed integer linear programming formulation for the S-GVRP. This model enriches managerial insights by providing trade-offs between customers’ satisfaction, total costs and emission levels. Finally, we have provided a numerical study for showing the applicability of the model.

In recent years, yellowing symptoms and high population of whiteflies have been observed in many cucumber grown greenhouses in Iran. During 2011- 2012, surveys were performed in the major cucumber growing greenhouses of Tehran, Semnan, Isfahan, and Yazd provinces of Iran and a total of 287 leaf samples showing yellowing and thickening symptoms were collected. The samples were tested for the presence of whitefly-transmitted viruses (WTVs) such as Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), using double/triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS/TAS-ELISA) and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The majority of the collected samples were infected by CCYV and CVYV (52 and 42%, respectively), and detected in all surveyed provinces. The least infection of samples was related to CYSDV (18%) which not detected in Isfahan province. Mixed infections were also found in 62% of the symptomatic samples. Double infection was the most mixed infection: CCYV+CVYV (49%). A 460 bp fragment of heat shock protein gene (hsp70) of three Iranian CYSDV isolates was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nucleotide sequence of amplified fragment showed that Iranian isolates of CYSDV clustered into a separate clade than other isolates of this virus. The results of this study showed the presence of high level of WTVs infection in greenhouses associated with yellowing symptom induction.

In this paper, we introduce the new notion of strongly J-clean rings associated with polynomial identity g(x) = 0, as a generalization of strongly J-clean rings. We denote strongly J-clean rings associated with polynomial identity g(x) = 0 by strongly g(x)-J-clean rings. Next, we investigate some properties of strongly g(x)-J-clean.