فهرست مطالب mahdi mahmodi

The aim of this study was to identify, analyze and rank the special qualifications of exceptional school teachers in order to provide a basis for its improvement. The research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study is all teachers of exceptional education in Tehran in the academic year 1400-1399 who are teaching. The size of the statistical population, accordin The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (exploratory factor analysis) were used for analysis. Using exploratory factor analysis, the professional competencies of exceptional education teachers were identified and analyzed. Based on the results of the qualitative part, the elements of competencies of teachers of exceptional schools in four components of educational-behavioral, planning and preparation, management and organization, and professional-general competencies were identified. Strategies for improving the qualifications of exceptional school teachers were also identified in this section and presented as a model for evaluation and promotion. The findings of the quantitative section also showed the value of the elements of professional competence of teachers in exceptional schools from the teachers' point of view. The results also showed that there is a significant difference between teachers in terms of demographic variables of gender and level of education.

In the current era, not only in Islamic societies, but also in many human societies, the ground has been provided for the revival of Islamic thought and the revival of Islamic educational lines and system. Based on this, the aim of the present research is to represent Islamic education in the analysis of the content of Sahifa Sajjadiyeh.

The research is in the form of qualitative research in humanities. Therefore, in order to represent the Islamic education from the book of Sajjadiyeh, a qualitative method with "text analysis" has been used. According to the nature of the research, the statistical population includes the entire book of Sahifah Sajjadieh, which was analyzed using the total number method. To collect information and data in this research, a suitable checklist was designed. In order to check the validity, the findings of the research were presented to the participants and the text of the theory was studied by them and their points of view were applied. To calculate the reliability, the percentage of intra-subject agreement was calculated, and the agreement coefficient was estimated at 0.82. Finally, the data was analyzed by the Strauss-Corbin method and through three stages of open, central and selective coding.

From the integrated and final form of the basic themes extracted from the analysis, the number of 54 sub-categories in the form of 5 components of the paradigm model (main component) was determined. Based on this, the 5 main components include; The meaning component of education has 8 indicators, the factors influencing Islamic education have 7 indicators, the underlying factors of Islamic education have 16 indicators, the dimensions of Islamic education have 9 indicators, and the factors inhibiting Islamic education have 14 indicators.

In order to represent Islamic education, by examining and analyzing the statements of Imam Sajjad (a. s.) in the book of Sajjadiyah, an attempt was made to discover and select the content categories and the characteristics of the elements of a model to represent Islamic education, so that a suitable model for Islamic education can be developed.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the difficulties of the virtual education system based on the happy educational system for students with special needs.

This research is qualitative in terms of research approach, in terms of purpose, applied; In terms of data collection method, descriptive-survey and in terms of time, cross-sectional. The statistical population of the present study includes experts and experts in the field of distance education and officials and experts of exceptional education as well as managers and teachers of exceptional education schools in the country in the academic year of 1401-1400. 30 qualified people were selected by purposive sampling method and 530 people answered the semi-structured questionnaire in writing. Summarizing and analyzing the text of the interviews was done according to thematic analysis method.

The analysis of the data obtained from the interview with the research participants shows that the appropriate dimensions and components for virtual education policies for students with special needs follow a special conceptual model that is similar to the Crick pathology model. Patrick includes four levels of adaptation: reaction, learning, behavior and results. Also, the difficulties of virtual education based on Shaad separately for teachers as one group and for school administrators and experts of special education departments as another group And also the difficulties of virtual education based on Shaad for students according to the spectrum of students' disabilities, including multiple disabilities, autism spectrum, vision impairment, hearing impairment, mental retardation, physical motor impairment, and learning disorders along with the frequency of participation responses. It is presented in statistics and research.

The review of the findings indicates that the Shad educational system needs many changes in order to provide suitable virtual education for students with special needs.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the promotion of curriculum planning culture in Iranian higher education.

The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study was the formal and informal faculty members of the universities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in the fields of planning, management, educational sciences, psychology and social sciences, whose number was over 78, and among them, using Cochran's formula, 65 Subjects were selected as a sample and selected by stratified random sampling method. The instrument used in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire that was developed based on interviews with relevant experts and a review of theoretical foundations. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained using the Delphi method and the reliability coefficient was estimated to be 0.949 using the Cronbach's alpha formula. For data analysis, SPSS.v16 software was used for descriptive and inferential analysis.

Research findings showed. Findings showed that the factors affecting the promotion of curriculum culture in higher education can be summarized in five factors, the most important of which are the political factor with an impact of 34.93% and the economic factor with an impact of 11.062%. In total, the five factors explain 63.6% of the promotion of curriculum planning culture in higher education.

Paying attention to these factors can make it possible to better identify strengths and weaknesses, as well as threats and opportunities in realizing the culture of curriculum planning in higher education.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the electronic learning of schools based on the SHAD program and based on the ADDIE model. The method of descriptive-survey research and the statistical population of the research were all elementary school teachers of Folad city, Isfahan city, whose number was more than 430 people. Using Cochran's formula, 220 people were determined as a sample and selected by stratified random method. The tool used was the researcher's questionnaire based on the ADDIE education design model. After confirming the validity of the questionnaire, the reliability coefficient was estimated to be 0.813 using Cronbach's alpha formula for the elements of analysis, design, compilation, implementation and evaluation. Descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, independent t-test, analysis of variance and Tukey's test) were used to analyze the data.The findings of the research have shown that the degree of usefulness of e-learning using the happy program based on the ADDIE model was lower than the average (2.66 out of 5). Regarding Shad program's attention to the elements of educational design: the attention to the element of analysis is below the average (2.59 out of 5), the attention to the element of design is below the average (2.55 out of 5), the attention to the element of editing is above average Average (2.97 out of 5), the amount of attention to the implementation element was below the average (2.61 out of 5) and the amount of attention to the evaluation element was average (2.99 out of 5). However, no significant difference has been observed between the level of attention to educational design elements according to the level of familiarity with information technology.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of learning through arotating station on problem solving and memorization skills in mathematics and compare it with the traditionalmethod in seventh grade students with autism spectrum disorders.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method is quasi-experimental in which a pre-test-post-testdesign with a control group is used. The statistical population included all seventh grade students withautism spectrum disorders in two districts of Tehran in the academic year 1398-99 and numbered 30people. Selected from the available sampling method for seventh grade students and randomly divided intotwo groups; Were tested and witnessed. Data collection tool in this study was a test to measure the learningof mathematics, the validity of which was provided using the Delphi technique and its reliability was obtainedusing Cronbach's alpha test equal to 0.83.

Findings showed that learning through a rotating station has an effect on students' problem solvingskills (t = 2.69, P <0.05) and memorization (t = 5.80, P <0.001) in mathematics and improves it.

Based on this, it can be concluded that the use of new methods such as the rotating stationmethod for students who have disorders such as autism and are facing problems in learning can improvetheir academic performance and learn more.

IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to identify and rank the key factors affecting educational justice and present an appropriate model in Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences. The statistical population of this study includes experts, professors, students and administrators of Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 1399-1400, which according to the latest statistics is 6580 people. The Cochran's formula is used to determine the sample size, which is distributed and collected by stratified random sampling. According to the Cochran's formula, at an error level of 0.05, the number of sample members was determined to be 362. The research method was descriptive and survey type.MethodTo collect information, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, the validity of which was calculated by Delphi technique and its reliability was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha of 0.87.ResultsAfter performing factor analysis on the test, 40 items of educational justice were identified in 6 main components of policy-making, planning, manpower, facilities, service distribution and organizational culture and atmosphere. Among the dimensions of educational justice, after policy, the first rank was followed by planning, manpower, facilities, and distribution of services, second to fifth. Organizational culture and atmosphere is also in the sixth place. The result of Friedman test also shows a significant difference in dimensional ranking.DiscussionEquality of opportunity in the macro dimension carries with it a kind of humanistic and justice-seeking perspective that is often seen as an indicator of a developed society. But in the micro dimension, equality of opportunity and educational justice are tools and mechanisms that lead to the flourishing of creative ideas and the possibility of cultivating capability for all equally.The findings of the present study show that it is not possible to establish full educational justice and only inequalities in the educational system can be reduced. Therefore, as long as there is deprivation, there is no justice. The common denominator of all these views is that educational justice means equal opportunity for access to education and equitable distribution of facilities.

The main aim of this study is to identify the dimensions and components of knowledge commercialization in the Iranian higher education system using thematic analysis and DEMATEL technique. The method of present study was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the study included experts who have scientific and practical experiences on the subject. They were identified by the snowball method. In the first and qualitative step, in addition to documentary study, after 16 interviews, theoretical saturation was obtained. Also, thematic analysis technique and MAXQDA12 software were used to identify the dimensions, components and indicators. To assess the validity of the interviews, the opinions of 2 colleagues were used. Finally, basic, organizing and comprehensive themes were extracted. In the quantitative section, DEMATEL technique was used to determine the impact and effectiveness of the dimensions of knowledge commercialization in the Iranian higher education system. According to semi-structured interviews, 6 dimensions (environmental factors, organizational structure, mental characteristics of knowledge creators, characteristics of created knowledge, characteristics of knowledge consumers and type of knowledge) and 25 components (organizing themes) and 87 indicators (basic themes) were extracted for the knowledge commercialization in the Iranian higher education system. Then, according to the pairwise comparison questionnaire to identify effective and influential dimensions, it was found that the characteristics of knowledge consumers, organizational structure, environmental factors, characteristics of created knowledge, type of knowledge and mental characteristics of knowledge creators, respectively, have higher importance.

Preparing the required contexts for the commercialization of knowledge, while harmonizing domestic universities with international missions, can play a momentous role in creating economic and social values. The present research aimed to offer a model of knowledge commercialization in the country's higher education system. The current study was applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive in terms of its method. The statistical population comprised 10,153 faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran. 371 people had been selected as samples using the relative stratified sampling method, based on Cochran's formula. A researcher-made questionnaire with 121 questions was used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.802 and validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts. Regarding the normality of the data distribution, parametric tests and structural equations, and SPSS and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. While confirming the importance and desirability of all dimensions, the findings of the current research were prioritized as follows: In the dimensions section: the mental characteristics of knowledge creators with a coefficient of 0.939, the characteristics of created knowledge with a coefficient of 0.918, the characteristics of knowledge consumers with a coefficient of 0.917, knowledge type with a coefficient of 0.911, environmental factors with a coefficient of 0.891 and organizational structure with a coefficient of 0.884 were ranked from the first to the sixth priority, respectively. Likewise, regarding the results of the research, the dimensions of the mental characteristics of the knowledge creators, the component of specialized knowledge, and the indicator of belief in the goodness of knowledge had been placed as the first priority of each level, which should be considered in plans related to commercialization. The validity of model was also analyzed with the method of structural equations and 4 dimensions (understanding, adaptation, generalization, and control), which was confirmed by good fit and high average.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group logo therapy on spiritual health and self-esteem of female students with physical disabilities in Tehran in 2020-2021. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental based on a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consists of all female students with physical disabilities in Tehran in 2020-21 that 40 of them were selected as a sample and assigned to experimental and control groups of 20 people. Participants answered the questionnaires of spiritual health (1982) and Rajabi self-esteem (2007). Findings from covariance test showed that group meaning therapy was effective in increasing self-esteem and spiritual health and f values ​​were significant at the level of 0.01. The results in general showed that the use of meaning therapy can be effective in increasing the spiritual health and mental health of students with physical and motor disabilities.

The discussion about the issue of will and its role in human life has a long history. In the field of Islamic civilization, the roots of this debate go back to the first half of the first century and the conflict between Ash'ari and Mu'tazila. This article, which has dealt with the comparative conceptualization of the issue of will and autonomy in the field of education with a qualitative method and a descriptive analytical approach, tries to make a new conclusion about anthropology and the issue of will by relying on the " equivocal human" model. In this comparative model, which is deduced from the text of the Qur'an, mystical texts and Sadra's philosophy, human while being a "univocal concept", is an "equivocal being" that includes infinite levels of existence. From one point of view, the levels of human existence can be classified into four levels: material, ideal, rational and divine. In order that in Sadra's wisdom, existence is concomitance to knowledge and will, so human will is also equivocal. Each level of equivocal human existence has a stronger will than the previous level and a weaker will compared to the next level. If man is an equivocal being and, accordingly, the levels of his awareness and autonomy are also equivocal and hierarchically, naturally, it is impossible to talk about a single education system and method of education in all these levels. Each level of human consciousness and each level of his will requires its own educational method and system.

The purpose of this article is to present the model of Islamic education in the flow of love. Addressing this issue can contribute to the richness of the discourse and model of Islamic education. The obvious purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions and components of Islamic education in re-reading the Ashura event. Using re-research, on the one hand, is used as a fundamental goal, and on the other hand, calmly "uses the results of research in education and helps to adopt regulations related to the education system." The latest type of application is used. The context theory method has been used to answer the researcher's questions. The statistical population of the present study is all the opponents who have narrated the incident of Ashura.In this regard, with the method of typical case sampling, the source of data collection was the murder of Lohoff Sayyid bin Tawus. Of course, in order to achieve the final saturation of the data, the books of Nafs al-Mahmum, Muhan al-Abrar, Abi Makhnaf, Qomqam Zakhar and Samsam Batar, and the assassination of Hussein (as) were also examined and analyzed. The findings are based on the fact that "inheritance", "environment", "cognition and awareness", "time and time" and "choice and freedom" as the underlying factors of education and the factors of "guidance", "needs assessment", "monotheism" "" Interaction of appearance and interior "," nutrition "," sub-religions "," pragmatism "," family strength "were recognized as effective factors in education.An important factor was also counted as a deterrent to education, which was "moral vices." The consequences and results of training in the Ashura event were based on "moral virtue", "rationality" and "martyrdom".

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of conversational style education through multimedia on increasing communication skills of female students. The research method was quasi-experimental and the statistical population included female students in sixth grade of District 2 of school system in Tehran(Iran), of whom 60 were selected by cluster sampling and placed in two groups of control and experiment. Data collection tools included Attar's standard communication skills questionnaire (2007) whose face validity was confirmed by eleven teachers using Delphi technique and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient for subscales, emotion management, others perception and assertiveness. It was equal to 0.92, 0.89 and 0.88, respectively. Research data were analyzed using SPSS.22 software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the control and experimental groups regarding students' communication skills at the level of 95%. Students' communication skills in conversational style through multimedia were better than students trained in the traditional way. The results of this study indicate the positive role of interactive teaching through multimedia in increasing the communication skills of primary school students, and this emphasizes that schools and educational institutions need more multimedia tools to deepen Learn and enhance learners' communication skills.

Development and security for the border areas of Iran is one of the main and important issues that should be seriously considered by officials. This has made security concerns in the east one of Iran's main problems. Because Iran's eastern borders, which are very long, deal with issues such as drugs, water geopolitics, ethnic and religious issues, and the presence of foreign countries in neighboring countries. Iran is bordered by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east; Countries that, due to long periods of tension and instability, play a major role in creating insecurity in their neighboring regions, including Iran. The present paper tries to analyze the roots of insecurity and threats to development and security in the border region of South Khorasan in a descriptive-analytical manner. The main question is what are the foreign threats to the development and security of South Khorasan province as a border region in the east of the country? Findings of the study show that drugs, evils and insecurity, terrorism, the presence of foreign forces in Afghanistan, ethnic and religious issues and political instability in Afghanistan are the most important threats to development and security in the border areas of Iran and Afghanistan, especially in South Khorasan province to be. Inevitably, land management in South Khorasan province faces many issues and challenges, and development and security in this province require special attention and attention of the government and local officials.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group logo therapy on Loneliness and social adjustment of female students with physical disabilities in Tehran in 2020-2021. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental based on a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consists of all female students with physical disabilities in Tehran in 2020-21 that 40 of them were selected by using of available samlpling as a sample and assigned to experimental and control groups of 20 people. Participants answered the questionnaires of Loneliness (1980) and social adjustment (1993). Findings from covariance test showed that group meaning therapy was effective in increasing social adjustment and decreasing Loneliness and f values ​​were significant at the level of 0.01. The results in general showed that the use of meaning therapy can be effective in Loneliness and social adjustment of students with physical and motor disabilities.

Paraphilia as a complicated, multidimensional obscure phenomenon is spreading in the Iranian society, and has attracted much attention in recent years.

Social and cultural organizations and institutions are forced to take measures in order to control such phenomenon. Their efforts will be influential only if there is a deep and correct cognition about this social harm. This study was an attempt in the etiology of the different types of paraphilia in women and the identification of strategies to prevent them using mixed research method (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative phase, interviews were carried out with paraphilic hairdresser women using phenomenology, and in the coding part, using Colaizzi strategy, the main categories and the subcategories of the factors influencing paraphilia in women were extracted.For the analysis of the quantitative data, the confirmatory factor analysis method, and the SPSS 22 software were used.

The results of the qualitative and the quantitative parts of the study showed that the main factors causing paraphilia in hairdresser women could be put under five categories including “family factors”, “individual factors”, “financial (economic) factors”, “cultural factors”, and “social factors”.

English instructors have faced numerous challenges following the COVID-19 outbreak and the sudden shift from inperson to online instruction. This vogue of alternative teaching practices is presently open to rigorous scrutiny. The current study attempted to shed light on the challenges facing the instructors of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) at medical universities, and their strategies in handling emergency remote teaching during the pandemic.

A qualitative content analysis was conducted to gather data from self-reflections and semi-structured interviews with 52 EAP instructors working at different Iranian medical universities in the spring and summer of 2020. The contents of the reflections and interviews were coded by the researchers based on the procedures of sequential explanatory strategy, and the major themes were extracted and categorized.

The findings point to the lack of required facilities and infrastructure, inadequate technological literacy, and poor internet quality as the major challenges facing the instructors. It was also revealed that the teachers viewed the enhancement of technological literacy and provision of required facilities as the main priorities in addressing the challenges.

It was found that the EAP instructors had different perceptions of emergency remote teaching and potential solutions to the associated challenges. The findings offer practical recommendations for enhancing English proficiency among medical students. The results also highlight the necessity of offering EAP teacher training courses focused on developing the technological literacy of the instructors. To continue this line of research, a more in-depth study of students’ perceptions and experiences of online EAP classes is recommended.

The aim of this study is to evaluate e-learning systems at Payam Noor University (PNU) based on learning usability criteria.

This was an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive survey in terms of data analysis. The statistical population included 2600 undergraduate and graduate students at the Shahriar branch of PNU using e-learning methods in 2019-2020 academic year. The sample size was estimated using Morgan table. A total of 335 participants were selected through stratified sampling. The validity of questionnaire was verified by consulting 25 experts in distance education using Delphi method, and the reliability of the total questionnaire, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was found to be (α=0.73). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.

In the e-learning courses offered by PNU, the components of “visibility”, “flexibility”, “course management”, “accessibility”, “consistency and functionality”, “memorability”, “completeness” and “aesthetics” are in a favorable situation (P<0.001). However, the components of “error prevention”, “interactivity, feedback and help”, “assessment strategy” and “reducing redundancy” are not in a favorable situation (P>0.05).

Educational institutions should not merely focus on content in their design of e-learning courses. They should also incorporate interactive and group exercises so that students can understand educational materials, and actively and creatively engage in the learning process based on their personal experiences.

Permanent access to virtual social networks enables individuals to use them as a platform for continuous learning. This study aimed to identify and analyze the factors affecting the use of social networks for virtual learning purposes. This was an applied research using descriptive-analytic design and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLSSEM) for data analysis. The statistical population consisted of 110 students (including 98 freshmen) studying sociology at Payam Noor University, Tehran Center, Iran. The participants were active users of at least one of the social networks under study. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed using elements from similar research tools such as Mnkandla and Minnaar (2017). To analyze the content validity of the questionnaire, the research variables were reviewed and modified based on existing standard scales and consensus opinions of 5 academic experts (using Delphi technique). Stratified sampling was applied, and the questionnaires were administered to a sample of 90 students. Finally, 72 questionnaires were completed by the participants, and statistical analysis was conducted using Smart PLS software. The reliability of the instrument, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was above 0.7 for all variables. The findings showed that perceived complementary features and perceived ease of use indirectly influence students’ intention to use virtual social networks. Also, perceived usefulness (t=1.02, P>0.05) and attitude toward use (t=1.93, P>0.05) have no effect on their intention to use and ‘trustworthiness’ (t=4.13, P<0.01), and ‘flow’ has a direct effect on the intention to use the networks (t=2.05, P<0.05). The results of this research would further support the academics’ push for the use of social networks as a platform for virtual instruction and innovation in teaching-learning process.

This study was conducted to identify the sources of soft power in the Islamic Republic of Iran in higher education based on a comprehensive scientific map and to present a paradigm model. The above study was an applied objective in terms of approach and data collection, exploratory agnostic and qualitative method (semi-structured interview) was used and then quantitative method (researcher-made questionnaire) was used. The sample consisted of 384 students in quantitative section and 936,491 students of Tehran universities were selected through random cluster sampling. Sampling was a qualitative part based on purposeful method based on theoretical saturation rule. Data collection tools were interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. Their content validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was 943 using Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of 8 dimensions and 19 components for soft power resources of higher education are determined. Qualitative data analysis was performed based on foundation data theory in humanities studies using strauss and corbin three-stage encoding method (1990), 88 concept code, 19 categories and 5 paradigm dimensions were obtained. Quantitative data analysis was performed using factor analysis, mean and one-sample t-test. The findings indicate that based on the identified dimensions and markers and by providing the necessary basis for full implementation of the comprehensive scientific map of the country and application of the model developed in this study, higher education can be become one of the most important sources of soft power in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main suggestion of this study is to use soft power resources of higher education, pay special attention to each identified dimensions and components in order to remove barriers to using higher education capacities in promoting soft power of the country and trying to operationally document the comprehensive scientific map of the country.

For a long time, “attitude” was considered an effective factor in student-teacher interaction and students’ progress in traditional education. Recently, it is studied as a motivational factor in learners’ engagement in distance and e-learning education.

This study tried to find out the correlation between “attitude” and “persistence” in e-learning education.

To explore the probable correlation between students’ attitudes and their persistence in e-learning systems a survey was conducted to seek students’ attitudes toward online course, online interaction, and some of e-communication tools, namely online chat, discussion forum, and e-mail. A sample of 744 students was obtained from 5,285 e-learning undergraduate students who were formally accepted to study in online courses at three Iranian universities from 2014 to 2017. The instruments were two researcher-made questionnaires for persistent and non-persistent students in e-learning systems.

Findings showed a positive, direct, and significant relationship between students’ persistence and their attitudes toward online course (r = 0.744; P = 0.014) and online interaction (r = 0.863; P = 0.001) in e-learning. Also, there was a relationship between students’ attitudes toward online interaction with the frequency of student-professor interaction (r = 0.943, P < 0.001) and the frequency of student-student interaction (r = 0.793, P = 0.006).

The observed positive and significant relationship between students’ attitudes toward online interaction and persistence showed that students’ persistence can be increased through enhancing student-professor and student-student interactions in e-learning systems.

Border regions have long been considered by governments for a number of specific features, including eccentricity, lack of development, habitation instability, border interactions, and so on. But the planning of these areas has not yet arrived at its true position in the country's planning system. South Khorasan province having the largest border with Afghanistan is still one of the less developed provinces and has used fewer border opportunities and capabilities. This is a quantitative research with a descriptive-analytic nature and provides a suitable model for planning the border regions using field method, questionnaire and analysis via the SWOT and ANP model. The results show that an aggressive strategy is the appropriate pattern for border regions and based on prioritization, the aggressive strategy (SO)-the simultaneous empowerment of development and security infrastructures to achieve a sustainable development- is set in the top rank. Moreover, the results of weighing the criteria indicate that the existence of border markets, customs and special economic zone (S2) are the most important strength

Implication of blended learning could compensate both the limitations of time and geographic distance presented in traditional classroom methods and deficiencies of class interaction and learners support that are peculiar to e-learning methods. To this aim, the present study was designed to examine and analyze the requirements for blended learning implications in higher education from faculty members’ point of view.
The study was conducted during spring of 2016 at the Semnan province Payam Noor branches. Participants in this study were 70 academic members of Semnan Payam Noor University, who were randomly selected by the Krejcie and Morgan formula from 85 faculty members. The data collection instrument was a newly developed questionnaire, the validity of which was determined by seeking views of 15 specialists in e-learning using the Delphi method. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated through calculating internal consistency of items (α = 0.95). To analyze factors underlying specified requirements by the questionnaire, a factor analysis was conducted by the SPSS V.18 software.
Factor analysis of academic members’ views resulted in 5 factors constituting “infrastructure, political, professional, organizational, and instructional” requirements. From academic members’ point of view, infrastructure requirements with nine loaded items were the most preliminary considerations for blended learning implication and accounted for 49.24% of the total variance. The second factor, political requirements, with six loaded items accounted for 7.75% of total variance. The third factor, professional requirements, with five loaded items, accounted for 6.29 of the total variance. The fourth factor, organizational requirements, with three loaded items and the fifth factor, instructional requirements, with two loaded items accounted for 4.61% and 4.34% of the total variance, respectively.
The findings showed that successful implementation of blended learning would result from considerations, such as “allocation of sufficient funds” and “provision of necessary software/hardware facilities” for blended learning in policies of universities and higher education institutions.

As the main step to implement and develop electronic learning (e-learning), it is very important to understand how learners accept it. The current study aimed at examining the main factors of e-learning acceptance by the students of Garmsar branch of Payam Noor University, Garmsar, Iran.
The descriptive methodology was used in the current study. The statistical population included 184 postgraduate e-students in Garmsar Payam Noor University in the academic year of 2014 - 15, out of which 124 persons participated in the study. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire developed by the relevant research tools; the judgmental method was applied to reach the validity and Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.73. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0 to conduct a basic analysis of the means and standard deviations and regression.
The findings of the current study indicated that behavioral intention was under the influence of 3 factors including perceived ease of use (β = 0.62, Sig = 0.000), perceived usefulness (β = 0.63, Sig = 0.017), and attitude (β = 0.85, Sig = 0.000).
According to the findings, by increasing the students’ awareness about e-learning systems, their tendency toward using such systems increases.

The recent study has been conducted for recognizing, analyzing, and giving priority to the practical indexes of studying of electronic education in universities of Iran, which has been conducted in the virtual University of Sciences and Knowledge of Holy Qur’an. The method of study is a descriptive-analytic survey and the statistical population consist of 1200 students of the University of Sciences and Knowledge of Holy Qur’an, in the city of Ray, which were studying in that university virtually. To take the sample, the implemented method is stratified- random one, and 291 persons have been selected as sample. The information gathering tool was questionnaire which designed by experts in this field. In order to provide validity, judgment method was used through which instrument itself will be judged or refereed. We also applied Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to estimate the internal consistency of the measurement tool and eventually determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The SPSS v.22 software was applied to measure the internal consistency of the tool, and the results equaled 0.86. For identification of practical indexes of studying of electronic education, the applied method is Exploratory Factor Analysis. The outcome revealed that the students of this university give 5 dimensions to the practical indexes of studying of electronic education (The institution, the student, the environment, education management system, and the content). It is suggested that to improve the electronic education in higher education institutions the following elements needed to be taken in consideration; proportionality between institutional strategy with the education environment, expansion of infrastructure quality wise (band width) and quality wise (security of the network), development and tooling of the digital libraries as well as the virtual laboratories.