mohammadjavad najafi

Saqanefars are structures from the Qajar period that are derived from the indigenous and ritual architecture of Mazandaran. In contrast to comparable structures, Saqanfar Kijatekiyeh in Babol is characterized by a plethora of pictorial themes that are specifically focused on women. This research aims to explore the themes and significance of women's roles in these murals. The research questions are as follows: -What is the reason for the increased prevalence of women's motifs in Saqanfar Kijatekiyeh Babol in comparison to other Saqanefars? -What are the reasons for the prominence of women in these murals? - Which themes are illustrated in the murals of Saqanfar Kijatekiyeh, Babol? The research employs a descriptive-analytical method, which involves the non-random selection of specific images from epic, otherworldly, symbolic, and quotidian activity motifs and their description using an iconological approach. Significant developments and changes in women's status were reflected in the Qajar era, which saw a zenith in the redefining of women's roles in society, family, and art. The northern regions of Iran underwent a change in gender concepts as a result of their geographical and livelihood conditions. The development of women's roles is significantly influenced by historical, social, political, and cultural factors. The Tekiyeh building's simultaneity with the Qajar period, the fundamental changes in social relations, clothing styles, political positions, and aesthetic concepts of women, as well as the abundance of women's images, suggest a direct connection between these motifs and the political and social developments of the era. This is indicative of the impact of indigenous artists on the representation of political and social conditions within a particular historical context.

The Prophet of Islam elevated the status of women during his governance. Although, with his passing and the rise of the three caliphs, this status declined and deviated from the prophetic path. With the beginning of Imam Ali’s ruling, the situation of women transformed, and they were granted an active role in society. From the outset, Imam Ali sought to revive women’s true status by reforming past innovations. Women welcomed the policies of the Alawi government and supported his efforts, although in some cases, certain women’s actions inflicted serious harm on the state. This study, using library sources and a descriptive-analytical method, aims to investigate the interaction between women and the Alawi government from a historical and political point of view, addressing the question: How did governance and women interact during the caliphate of Imam Ali? The findings revealed that from the beginning of Imam Ali’s rule, women played an influential role in crises, particularly in the imposed wars. The Alawi government supported women and was committed to justice for them, just as it was for men. The Caliph was as accessible to women as he was to men, and they regarded him and the Alawi government as a safe refuge for restoring and enhancing their status. This supportive and dignifying approach fostered positive interaction between women and the Alawi government.

Today, when some people are investing in online financial markets, analyzing and predicting stock prices for buying and selling with more profit is very important. Therefore, this article aims to prepare and adjust a program that can predict stock prices and give us information on when is the best time to buy or sell. This work is done with the help of indicators and according to what happened to a share in the past, and with the help of machine learning, a formula is obtained that predicts the price of shares in the future and informs users that they should buy a share now. , sell or do nothing. But in this research, this work is done in a much more advanced way, that is, by combining several indicators, and then it is tested with machine learning algorithms. According to the results obtained in some shares, users can predict the price very accurately and get high profit from their transactions in online financial markets.

Social Development is the most important indicators of the government's valuation to give the society a role to be effective in the society, especially for the women of the society This issue has been considered as the main issue with the case study of the Prophet's government. At the time when Islam appeared, almost women of all societies did not have a proper status and were deprived of even the most basic human rights. But Islam and the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) paid great attention to restoring their true credibility. The attention that the social and cultural atmosphere of that day did not receive. The purpose of the research is to investigate the actions and policies of the Prophet of Islam in his government for the social development of women.Therefore, the main question of the article is, what were the policies of the Prophet (peace be upon him) to develop the social position of women in the Prophetic government? which has been answered by descriptive-historical analysis method and taking samples from library sources. On this basis, the noble Prophet of Islam, by fighting against the dominant way of thinking and the theory of male gender superiority over women, rejecting the culture of behavioral violence against women and paying attention to honoring their personality, Attention and encouragement to learning science and paying attention to the intellectual ability of women, Supporting women against social harm And the establishment of the effective presence of women in social and economic affairs will lead to their social development in their government. This process requires a conceptual revolution and fundamental change based on which development is defined as excellence and the woman's position is promoted from a peripheral position to a central position.This process is also completed in the light of understanding the concept of prophetic justice on the one hand and the concept of responsibility of believers towards others. In this context, the development starts from the individual and the primary social unit in which the individual is placed, and is established in the society on this basis. Al-Bit is formed in this process, in the space of cooperation. Therefore, the woman is placed in a structure based on cooperation and in the field of prophetic policymaking, the equal weight of men is defined in the path of social development. From the results of this new definition and reinterpretation, the presence and activity of women in various social and political events of the Muslim community, such as: emigration, pledge of allegiance, Hajj, the order of the famous and the prohibition of discrediting and criticizing the rulers of the government, participation in wars, consultation and consultation in government affairs, etc... is.

The rule of the Zaydi government in Yemen is the longest religious government in the Islamic world. Long rule over Yemen. In the meantime, the position of Imam Hadi Rossi has different dimensions and he has always been mentioned as a model for the leaders of this civilization in Yemen. The main purpose of this study is to answer the main question: what was the personality and performance of Imam Hadi Rossi as the founder of the Zaidi civilization in Yemen?The achievement of this research, which has been obtained by library and documentary methods and descriptive-analytical method using Persian and Arabic sources, especially Zaidi texts in the history of Yemen, states that the political thought and theological and jurisprudential principles of Imam Hadi Rasi He is the exaltation of Islamic civilization and he has a spirit of oppression and jihad with the enemies, religiosity and meritocracy, democracy and concern for the development of the country, while he is a skilled politician and a thinker in political, military, economic and cultural performance. His time has also fulfilled its mission of civilization for future generations of Zaydis in Yemen.

In the verse 125 of Surah Nahl, Almighty God has explained the types of calling to truth. Wisdom, good preaching and good argument are three types of calling to the truth. The main question of this article is: How the types of calling to truth are used in the verses of the Holy Qur'an? After analyzing verse 125 of Surah Nahl, this article has analyzed these ways in Surah Al-Baqarah as an example based on the survey and descriptive method and has recounted some examples of verses containing wisdom, good preaching, and good argument. The present study shows that the types of calling to the truth can be applied not only in Surah Baqarah, but in all the verses of the Holy Quran. It seems that these methods are used in all the surahs and verses of the Holy Quran. It is very effective to pay attention to the methods of calling to the right and their application in religious communication and propaganda.

In the framework of the knowledge of "international studies" all political phenomena are variable. In other words, the world of international politics is a mixture of variables. In this process, the study of China's all-encompassing rise in the international system as an emerging power is a strategic issue. The political architecture and views of current Chinese officials on international relations are very different from those of previous Chinese leaders. The leaders of the new China are trying to bring their hegemony to the forefront of hegemony on the international stage and away from confrontation with the United States, away from the hustle and bustle of showcasing power. Undoubtedly, China will play an active and decisive role in redesigning and guiding the future world order.

China's superiority in the future world system based on components of power; The hegemony of the US-led monopoly system will face strategic bottlenecks.

To study the context of China's role-playing in the future world system and its consequences on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

US strategic constraints and threats to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran will be severe or ineffective, and will also allow the Islamic Republic of Iran to develop its power and influence in the region and the world. Data collection: documentary-library, information analysis method qualitative.

Recognizing and examining the historical contexts of the Yemeni people's awakening and presenting examples of the Yemeni nation's resistance, in addition to being innovative and new in terms of research, has been considered as the main issue of the article here. The resistance of the Yemeni nation has been socio-political throughout history. In this regard, the research question is designed as follows; What effect have the historical examples of the Yemeni Awakening and Resistance had on the current developments in Yemen? (Method) The method of collection is to take notes from library resources. (Data collection tool) The findings of the article indicate that the Yemeni nation has experienced resistance and awakening in its political life since the beginning of Islam. In this article, we examined the historical examples of the awakening and resistance of the Yemeni people. In short, in the beginning of Islam, by leading the way in accepting Islam, participating in repelling sedition against the Prophet, declaring opposition to Saqifa Bani Sa'deh, being present in the geographical area of ​​the Islamic world, the closeness of Zaydi Shiites to the Twelver Shiites, defending Imam Hassan and Imam Hussein Attending the Tawabin uprising, not accepting the Abbasid caliphate, the uprising of Yahya bin Hussein and the formation of the Zaidi government in 288 AH, the uprising of the Ismaili righteous(Findings).

 COVID-19 was first seen in Wuhan-China in December 2019, and became a widely- spreadepidemic and caused a terrifying life-threatening problem in most societies of the world. In Iran, a declaration was made on  January 20, 2020, and all health systems were alerted of the disease threats.

 We collected all chest CT scans of 200 cases diagnosed as COVID-19 who died in 22 hospitals of Golestan Province, Iran. All data were collected in a designed checklist, then statistical evaluation  was made using descriptive analysis and Chi-Square test.

 The most frequent complaints in patients were dyspnea (38.5%), fever(15%), and dry cough (13%) . Hypertension (22.5%), Heart disease (18.5%), and diabetes (15%) were present as underlying diseases. CT scan findings showed Ground Glass Opacity (96%), consolidation (44%), pleural effusion (26.5%), crazy paving (15%), and cardiomegaly (15.5%).

 Based on this study, hypertension as an underlying disease was significantly related to Highly Suggestive CT scans. No relation was found between cardiomegaly and death under 48 hours. Our findings Showed Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) in 192 (96%), consolidation  in 88 (44%), crazy paving in 30 (15%), cardiomegaly in 30 (15%), and pleural effusion in 53 (26.5%) cases.

The issue of maintaining and expanding security in border areas, especially in countries that have long common borders with their neighbors, has always been the concern and sensitivity of those in the charge . Therefore, developmental differences between geographical locations are not the interest of human and damage the environment for development will create many problems for the future. Consequently, this study was conducted to investigate the opportunities and obstacles facing sustainable security in Bushehr province. In this research, the researcher has collected the required data in the form of libraries and documents. Based on the research findings, it is clear that in Bushehr province, opportunities for sustainable security development are favorable geographical location, favorable hydrocarbon resources, marine resources, the ability to produce new energy and also the province's bottlenecks in the field of sustainable security, military centers, economic resources, unemployment, Smuggling and problems of water resources can be mentioned. Improper use of resources has also led to environmental damage and deprivation of residents of services commensurate with the potential of the region

Numerous Israʼiliyyat which had entered the field of Islamic culture found their way to commentaries by the beginning of compiling commentaries era and Shiite commentaries were not immune to this phenomenon, The first question in this article is what was the method of Shiite commentators’ confrontation and its roots. It can be said that the approach of Shiite commentators to Israeli narrations has not been the same. The origins of the interpretive approach to accepting such narrations can be: one, avoiding examining the authenticity of narrations and the other avoiding semantic analysis and presenting them for definite narrative and rational reasons. The present study is a library method that has studied the mentioned issue based on Quran and hadiths with a qualitative approach and applying documentary and textual analysis methods. The Shiite commentary "Monhaj al-Sadeqin fi ilzam al-Makhlefin" was written by Mullah Fathullah Kashani and followed by commentary of Abu al-Futuh Razi, it is the best and most comprehensive Persian commentary ever written according to some scholars. In the above interpretation, the Israeli narrations are seen to be studied.

After the Islamic Revolution, a new model of defense called people-based defense was created, which left a profound effect on the contemporary history of the world and changed all the rules and principles of territorial defense. A specific feature of this model is a type of responding to the threats by making use of the presence and participation of a wide range of people to defend the material and spiritual values, national identity and social identity of a nation to increase internal strength, readiness and comprehensive efforts for achieving strategic goals, and a mosaic type defense. This applied research follows a descriptive-survey method along with causal process. Purposive sampling method is employed to explore the components and identify the factors. This research is primarily intended to design a people-based defense model to be used in comprehensive defense against the aggressor enemy or terrorist groups in future wars. With relation to this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with senior commanders of the Basij, local and foreign experts in the field of popular resistance, and the thematic analysis approach was employed to analyze the data. The results revealed that the people-based defense model is one of the best, most effective and efficient defense models in the contemporary history of the world, and the essential principles of the people-based defense model on the basis of environmental monitoring, observation, and scanning can increase comprehensive power.

One of the prominent and practical questions in the guiding teachings of the Qurchr('39')an is the methods of confrontation and interaction of the Qurchr('39')an with the audience. This article has been written with the aim of examining the methods of enlightenment of the Qurchr('39')an in connection with the culture of the time of revelation. In this research, by analyzing historical reports and interpretive sources and by collecting reports from aspects of the culture of the time, the most prominent methods of the Qurchr('39')an have been adopted from the verses and have been analyzed. The Holy Quran with a corrective attitude in any field, methods such as: measurement and evaluation with common logic, synthetic method of subsistence wisdom and spiritual attitude, belief in the resurrection, the use of humility, gradual observance, etc. have been reminded by modeling and using from these methods, the needs of culture improvement at various levels are met.

The issue of Palestine is one of the most challenging issues in Saudi's foreign policy, which has undergone major changes in the last decade, especially during the time of bin Salman. In general, the foreign policy behavior of each actor is shaped by the role of various factors, and because Saudi Arabia's approach as an influential actor in the Islamic world has always been influential in the course of this case; In order to properly analyze and manage this change of approach, it is necessary to identify and enumerate the effective factors and factors.(Introduction) The influential factors in Saudi's foreign policy are clearly after the coming to power of bin Salman.(Method) Accepting that the two variables of the individual and the international system have the greatest impact in this period (Hypothesis), the results of this study indicate that; On the one hand, developments in Saudi Arabia's internal environment, especially the role of the new leader and his personality traits, and on the other hand, external factors such as strategic cooperation with the United States, regional tensions, including competition with the Islamic Republic of Iran, failure to The Yemeni crisis and the establishment of a balance of power have been identified as the most effective factors in changing Saudi Arabia's foreign policy towards the Palestinian cause. (Results)

Clarifying semantic coherence in a Qur’anic Surah, as a fundamental and challenging task, requires the identification of its key concepts. Most commentators use qualitative methods for this purpose, which may be influenced by their theoretical tendencies and individual mentality. Corpus-based analysis with quantitative and statistical methods can provide objective evidences that are relatively unbiased and provide a firm base for qualitative analysis. In this research, the keywords of a Surah are identified through corpus analysis and a coherent model is developed by analyzing their denotations and key concepts. In a case study of Surah al-Shawrā, it is proved that, in addition to the concepts of “revelation and prophecy” which have attracted the attention of commentators, this Surah implies to the concepts of “absolute power and authority” and “guardianship” of God in higher layers. Also, in fact, the concepts of “revelation and prophecy” are instances of the realization of the former concepts.

The subject of justice of God always focused by religious thinkers. We can seek examples of legislative justice in “behaving reasonably in the marital relationship” mentioned in Surah An-Nisa 4: 19, related to the family phenomenon, especially the marital phenomenon. The necessity of it can be proved through proportion of words and meaning in verse, reasonableness on marital bond, symphonious narrations, famous word of the Prophet (إنی بعثت لاتمم مکارم الاخلاق) I am only appointed to complete moral virtues, imperative verb(عاشروا) consort, determination of criminal reaction to misconduct in civil law and inseparability of ethics from spouses’ rights. Justice shows “behaving reasonably in the marital relationship” in the approaches such as reciprocity of this order, choosing the man as the addressee of the verse, apply the verb (عاشروهن) consort with them, coordination of reasonableness with the norm, expansion of reasonableness in different fields of life, lack of consideration of the individual features of the woman, special approaches towards the woman’s attributes, approaches towards all of the woman’s rights, compatibility with the man’s abilities, coordination with God’s wisdom in marital relationship, order to behave reasonably in the marital relationship even in case of man’s inadvertence which results in exiting from reasonableness.

This article analyzes and critiques the contemporary Muslim intellectuals' views on the issue that the Quran has been influenced by the Arab culture of the time of revelation in describing the blessings of Paradise, and ultimately concludes that, in introducing a small part of the infinite blessings of Paradise desired and wished by all  human beings in all ages, God has optimally utilized the words, perceptions and conventions of the people of the time of revelation without losing touch with reality or being influenced by the culture of the age relying on rational principles and being consistent with the  initial addressees of the Quran. However, in introducing this limited portion of the blessings of Paradise, He also points out their inherent differences with their worldly counterparts, and at the same time, announces the existence of numerous spiritual blessings and countless other blessings which are beyond human imagination.

AbstractThe rational-social approach to the interpretation of the Quran, in the last two decades, has emerged in the wake of the emerging challenges of the Muslim community in the era of recession with modern Western civilization. Social commentary is an interpretive interpretation of the functionalist approach and with the ideal of processing the mighty face of Islam to advance society everywhere and everywhere. The confrontation with the modern-day Western civilization from the prominent features of the emergence of social interpretation is a worthy place in the attitude of the social commentator to make an effective and effective face of Islamic consciousness. This approach has reflected in the interpretation of al-Marwārba a feature of the social interpretation of Valmizan as one of the most significant of these interpretive tendencies.Al-Manar's commentator, in order to represent the wise and profane face of Islam in coordinating the Qur'anic teachings with Western civilization, tries hardly to rely on his own wisdom and the material conceptions of supernatural truths, and to adapt certain Islamic laws to the norms of the western world of advancement from his compatriots. Take it. But al-Mizan, having benefited from pure wisdom, has transcended religious knowledge from the realm of its own wisdom. In his social approach, he also considers the origins of the present-day Western civilization to be incomprehensible with the monotheistic foundation of Islam; he also addresses the challenges of Islamic rulings against the defensive and reactionary base of Al-Manar as the fundamental achievements of the thinking of Western civilization. Ultimately, al-Mizan is more successful in treating the great, efficient, and dynamic face of Islam against the modern Western civilization in measuring Al-Mana

The holy Quran is for human guidance and morality; when introducing outstanding figures, it does not stop at the level of the prophets, but it has explained other dominant figures leading people to happiness. Mo`men-e Al-e Yasin, called Habib Najjar in the Fariqain`s commentators, is one of these figures. He believed in the messengers when they arrived at his city and, when heard that people oppose the messengers, he advised the people kindly to believe in them. As mentioned in the holy Quran, he believed in God and the Judgment truly, avoid worshiping idols and being completely attracted to the prophet` message, supported them and finally martyred in the way. His valuable speeches are mentioned in the verses 20 to 27 of Yasin. The paper has studied his character, manner of life and the way in which he helped Jesus as understood by the holy Quran and Fariqain`s commentators.

“Criticism” as a major manifestation of freedom of speech is a good criterion for the evaluation of the degree of democracy of political systems. In Islamic system which requires public consent at two stages of creation and continuation, “criticism of the rulers” or “criticism of their behaviours or opinions” is considered as the right or, somehow, the responsibility of the citizens. Such a right and responsibility which are understood from religious teachings may be exercised by the people independently or in the form of NGOs, civil society organizations, political parties or political organizations and the Islamic system is obliged to ensure the enjoyment and the fulfilment of the right by the citizens. In addition to examining the religious foundations of this right, this article focuses on comparing this right in international law and the Iranian law, then by considering the shortcomings of international documents in this area, it has answered the question that whether any limitation has been specified for criticism or not; and If the law has drawn a line for criticism, in case one exceeds the limits of criticism; according to Islam, international law and domestic law what is the related legal action in this matter?

This survey is done to demonstrate the definition of distortion of Torah as dealt with in Quran. Distortion literally means to get away from the origin, not to go through changes or conversion in mere utterances. Scientists of Quranic sciences, according to the literally definition of distortion and its uses in Quran, define distortion as any changes in the utterance or meaning that does not match to Quran’s text. But the definition of distortion in Quran concerning Torah is about concealing the truth and disobeying divine rules and has nothing to do with changing in words and utterances. By examining the verses of Quran, the chosen view in this survey is that the Quranic term ‘Distortion’ concerning Torah, has the concept of ‘concealment based on meta-context’.

Great religions are known of social applications and effects. Islam has greatly insisted on social relations. On the Quranic teachings, main purpose for prophecy may be regarded as establishing justice in all aspects with overall participation of people; as is understood, on the one hand, the holy Quran drawing general purpose of prophecy puts social aims in a public vision and on the other hand, in various laws, even in those of worshipping, has emphasized on empowering social spirit rather than that of individual interests. The holy Quran has been of wonderful effect on social relations of Muslims of different races and such an attention has been paid to followers of other great religions. Peace, therefore, may be regarded as main message of the book. Peaceful coexistence with all people, regardless of any other consideration, and establishing a safe society may be counted of most important in Quranic teachings. The paper has studied the Quran`s importance given to social relations with regard to commentators` views.

“Criticism” as a major manifestation of freedom of speech is a good criterion for the evaluation of the degree of democracy of political systems. In Islamic system which requires public consent at two stages of creation and continuation, “criticism of the rulers” or “criticism of their behaviors” is considered as the right or, somehow, the responsibility of the citizens. Such a right and responsibility which are understood from religious teachings may be applied by the people independently or in the form of NGOs and political parties or political organization and the Islamic system is obliged to ensure the application and the fulfillment of the right by the citizens. Studying the meaning and the concept of criticism and its difference with the concepts like blaming, freedom of speech, and objection, the present article takes use of the verses of the Holy Quran and the words and practices of the Infallible Imams to explains the position and the principles of this right and makes the hypothesis that the critic has immunity in the Islamic system and even if he exceeds the limits of criticism, the government should waive its right in favor of public right.

Contemporary Shiite and Sunni commentators have studied the verse of mubahala with regard to different fields of history, literature, theology and law. Each has studied it and concluded affirmatively and negatively various ends. In the paper, commentators opinions in different aspect, particularly theological aspect, have been gathered and their manner of thought and analysis have been evaluated. As is understood, commentators have presented a group of different views, some of which may turn into one another and some other have been ordered one being established upon the other and theological disagreements have failed to omit their being interconnection in some grounds. Further, one may find agreeable social and legal approaches, measured critically by the standards of history, literature and theology.

The human being sometimes inclines toward the goodness and beauty، and sometimes toward the obscenity. So، Allah in the Quran has reminded man of dangers and wicked thoughts of the soul، and has described “al-Nafsul Ammāra” (commanding soul) as a source of the souls` inclination toward the obscenity which is quite deceptive. It has also been mentioned that self-scrutiny would act as cause for attaining the way of life recommended by Quran. One of the duties of the psychology is to elaborate on the sources of the souls` inclination toward obscenity and the factors that deviating the human life. One of the psychological schools that especially studies this issue is the School of analytical psychology. Among psychologists of this school، viewpoints of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung need to be compared with the Islamic-Quranic viewpoint. This article firstly tries to clarify the concept of the soul and its characteristics، and then explains the process through which “al-Nafsul Ammāra”، influences. It also describes the origin of the soul''s tendency toward obscenity from Freuds` viewpoint and satanic influences from viewpoint of Carl Jung comparing them with the Quranic attitude. The origin of inclination of the soul toward the obscenity is called “al-Nafsul Ammāra” based in the Quranic text while according to the Frauds` theory it is called ID. From the Quranic viewpoint، “al-Nafsul Ammāra” that is affected by the internal negative tendencies of the soul (Haway-e Nafs) and external invisible stimuli (Satan) commands the human and leads him to the obscenity. So the Quran introduces the Satan as the enemy of the human being that brings about his decadence. The Quran presents the human being a practical plan for struggling against the Satan. Analytical psychology of Jung also emphasizes the role of the satanic influences on the human tendency toward the obscenity and considers struggling with the Satan as a way for freedom and sublimation of the human.