interaction

Foreign policy should be considered as an area of government policies that is in line with the domestic policy of the country. The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran has also been based on this principle in the period after the victory of the Islamic Revolution and has experienced various discourses in accordance with the preferred political discourse inside the country. In this article, Hassan Rouhani's foreign policy as the president of the 11th and 12th governments has been examined. The main question is: What are the characteristics of Hassan Rouhani's foreign policy and what results has it achieved? As a hypothesis, it can be answered as follows that Rouhani's foreign policy is based on “constructive interaction with the world”, “a stronger region instead of the strongest region” and “a world free of violence and extremism” and has been formed with the aim of solving the obstacles to the country's economic growth and development – such as nuclear sanctions. But due to internal and external factors, he could not go beyond the agenda of solving the nuclear issue and pursue other goals. The present article used the descriptive-analytical method and collected its data using a library method.

Today, a major part of the needs related to the armed forces is provided through the defense industry sector. In the current research, the challenges and harms of the interaction between the armed forces and defense industries have been investigated with the approach of joint creation. In the first stage of the research, 32 cases of common injuries were counted and entered into the Max QDA software in the form of code, and then a group of 15 defense department managers were interviewed. Since the content obtained from the interviews are also of a qualitative nature, therefore, in order to examine these interviews, the qualitative content analysis method was used to obtain the damages with the approach of interactions between the armed forces and defense industries. According to the findings, lack of resources and motivations and unclear common vision with 77.7%, poor understanding of customer needs and motivational factors with 58.8% and weak organizational ability with 57.9% are the most important factors and with the most opinions of the interviewees. Berber results of the lack of alignment between the proposed values of operational resources and workable solutions with 5.6%, lack of customer participation and lack of reward and recognition system with 3.8% and poor corrective skills and lack of customer competence with 11.3% as the most important. There are factors in the interactions between the armed forces and the defense industry that need to be reformed

To deal with terrorism, the interaction between the responsible institutions is an important principle, and inconsistency in this area and acting in isolation will result in irreparable damages. Based on this, the current research was conducted with the aim of presenting an interactive model of the police and the responsible agencies.The current research method is mixed with the exploratory approach in terms of data type. In the qualitative part, the content analysis method and the survey method (questionnaire) were used in the quantitative part. The statistical population of the qualitative part included experts related to the subject, which was conducted by purposeful sampling and based on the principle of theoretical saturation using semi-structured interviews.The findings show that the aforementioned interactive model includes four structural, content, environmental and directional elements; There are thirteen components and ninety eight indicators. Also, the environmental dimension is the first priority, and the dimensions of directional, content, and structural elements are in the next priorities, respectively.The results of the present research show that the extracted model is innovative and suitable for the interaction and inter-organizational communication between the police and the responsible agencies in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and considering the use of elites' views to improve the situation of the interactions between the police and the organization. responsible persons; Therefore, this model can be used in the process of dealing with terrorism.

The principle of the prohibition of resorting to force in international relations has been effective in determining the level of international judicial efficiency in resolving disputes and establishing the position of the law,because principle of non-recourse to force is one the absolute principles of the Charter and is completely rejected except in exceptional cases and is considered one of the mandatory rules.This article written in a library method with the aim of communicating and interacting the prohibition of resorting to force with other fundamental principles of international law.findings indicate that;Therefore,resorting to force,which includes the threat of force or the use of force without the official authorization of the Security Council,is considered a clear violation the UN Charter. Article 51 of the United Nations Charter,which allows resorting to coercive forces and unilateral coercive action in the exercise of the self-defense,either individually or collectively,against armed attack.Therefore, the principle of resorting to force in international relations in case violation of sovereignty or human rights by a member of the United Nations should be used with special sensitivity by the United Nations so that it is not considered a violation of sovereignty and the unilateral resort to the use of power by stronger countries.

Various theories have been proposed to analyze behaviors in the international arena. Some theories, such as mainstream theories, are influenced by the linear approach of classical science, considering the international system as mechanical, closed, and far from interaction. Others, such as complex systems theory, considered the concept of nonlinear relationships and interaction used in the analysis of biological systems to explain the behavior of the international system and tried to explain human behavior as a biological system. Interaction is the main concept in explaining the behavior of natural and living systems that causes chaotic behaviors. Because the concept of interaction in human systems, as the highest example of biological systems due to the power of thinking, is a different concept. The purpose of this article is to introduce the interaction in the international system with features; Flow-creation and interpretation of information, purposefulness, sensitivity to the initial condition and impact and effectiveness. Studies show that due to the differences between human interaction and the interaction of other living organisms, Chaotic behaviors in the international system have characteristics; Simplicity in complexity, certainty in uncertainty, and order in disorder.

The present article has been compiled with the aim of identifying effective Intelligence and Security factors as one of the dimensions of government organizations' interaction in security crisis management and tries to identify Intelligence and Security components and indicators in this type of interaction using the theories of experts and scientists. This research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of method. The statistical population of this research is academic experts, experts, commanders and managers in the field of security, Police who have scientific and practical backgrounds. In the qualitative section, data were collected and analyzed through thematic analysis through interviews with 38 people. In the quantitative section, 46 people with a researcher-made questionnaire whose CVI, CVR and combined reliability were confirmed. Data were collected and analyzed in a three-level factor validation model in Smart PLS software. After thematic analysis of the transcripts of the interviews, 4 indicators were calculated for each of the components of the Supreme National Security Council, national security, security of the province and the city. In the analysis of quantitative data showed that the most important indicators in the components are: Use facilities to deal with threats, dealing with threats, anomalies and problems, Members' interaction with council decisions and Consult the council with elites and scientists. So Intelligence and Security components with counted indicators are effective on Security Crisis Management Interaction.

The Mongol invasion and its subsequences on Iranians” lives, property and lifes, is not a one-dimensional issue that can be explained only baced on the Mongols” primitive and non-civilian character. It can be said that this invasion and inhabitate in Iran by the Mongols and their descendants, the Ilkhanate, were the result of various factors, maybe they identified themselves to Iranians. In addition, the conflicts between the Iran”s mystic Shiites and the government are among the important factors that brought out them closer to the Mongols and provoked the invasion. The Ilkhanate, like their ancestors, found some similarities between themselves and defeated Iranians, and even in some parts of their political life were fascinated by some internal currents of Iran, including Sofia; it coused they as a diciple obeyed from spiritual guides who were from defeated Iranians; It was a kind of charismacy that led the Ilkhanate to fully support the Sufi spatial identity, the monastery; although the numerical expansion of monasteries in the Ilkhanate era, indicates the widespread support of the government for them; the study of the architecture of the monasteries shows the appearence and illustration of the concepts of Sufism, including the dominance of the Qur'anic meanings, the purification of the soul and the strengthening of the soul in the architecture of monasteries in this era.

The subject of the current research is to investigate the factors affecting the policy of the Russian government towards Islamic trends in Russia as a group of important minorities in this country between 1991 and 2011. One of the basic issues in multi-ethnic and multicultural societies such as Russia is the method of government policy and its management in dealing with ethnic groups and the culture of minorities. Political management in multicultural countries requires its own abilities, often each country uses its own unique policies and it may be challenging to write a single version for all countries. On the other hand, various political, social, historical, economic, etc. causes lead them to the political methods that govern them. The multicultural social structure among Western liberal democracies has somehow led to policies that increase the government's capacity to deal effectively and efficiently with ethnic and cultural pluralism within its sovereign borders. However, it is essential to note that policy-making in non-democratic systems such as Russia, which have a multicultural social structure and authoritarian political structure, has been different from the policies of democratic societies. 

Why has the Russian government's policy towards the Islamic currents in this country fluctuated between control, confrontation, and interaction?Research Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that the central government of Russia's policy toward Islamic currents due to some internal factors such as the nature of the hybrid authoritarian political system as well as some external factors such as the developments in the Islamic world and the emergence of groups including Taliban, al-Qaeda and ISIS and its security effects on countries such as Russia, which have significant Muslim populations, have fluctuated mainly in the form of control, confrontation, and interaction.

The method of this research is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach, and as test theory research, the description in this research is done using models and theories. The analysis uses the model called "Instrumental multiculturalism in hybrid authoritarian regimes." In this model, multiculturalism in a state that possesses both authoritarian and democratic elements is often instrumental and does not necessarily inherent in the acceptance of this concept and is used as a tool in the hands of the government to maintain cohesion and survival. In hybrid authoritarian regimes that are multicultural, they use multiculturalism as a tool to achieve their various goals. This means that, on the one hand, accepting the multicultural nature of society recognizes the rights of minorities and allows them to operate in the political and social spheres.On the other hand, relying on its authoritarian nature, it demands the complete loyalty of these groups. In this model, governments do not always adhere to the main features of multiculturalism, such as equality, social justice, self-government and minority rights and other liberal aspects of this theory. They remain within the core components of the concept of multiculturalism only as long as the interests, security, and survival of states are not threatened. Suppose that minorities deviate from the circuit of loyalty to the state. In that case, the authoritarian nature of the state is manifested and some policies of confrontation, exclusion and marginalization or strict control and supervision of the granted democracy emerge. In explaining this model, it should be said that the concept of multiculturalism with ethnic and cultural diversity in a single political society has been accepted as a reality both in terms of positive effects and despite some security threats.The process of this research was such that the theories of multiculturalism and authoritarianism were studied with a comparative approach, and their main and most prominent features were identified. Then, the components and assumptions of multiculturalism and authoritarianism in Russia were examined and the data obtained from this study led to the formation of the model "instrumental multiculturalism in hybrid authoritarian regimes". Based on this, the article was analyzed about the fluctuations of the government's policy towards Islamic movements.

Russia's hybrid authoritarian political system is a context that intentionally or unintentionally creates an atmosphere of control or instrumentalism of authoritarian or democratic elements in domestic and foreign politics. In other words, the government does not follow a single policy toward different Islamic currents. Instead, various policies based on interaction and tolerance are proposed in line with the interactive policies of the government and what is referred to as the right of self-government and the policies of control or confrontation. In addition, by adopting three parallel policies, the Russian government has pursued the policy of recognizing Islamic currents as the dominant intellectual current of a significant group of Muslims in this country.

The findings of the research show that firstly, the government's policies towards Islamic currents have both internal and external dimensions. Secondly, the government does not follow a single policy towards the Tatar and North Caucasus Islamic currents. Based on what the model of "instrumental multiculturalism in hybrid authoritarian regimes" showed, the government's policy towards the Tatar movement is based on interaction and tolerance, and in this regard, it follows the model of recognizing cultural differences. On the other hand, although the North Caucasus movement was able to gain independent power in the administration of internal and especially military affairs compared to the Tatar movement, it is witnessing more controlling or confrontational policies of the central government. By conducting a study based on the mentioned model, it was concluded that the first policy of the Russian government is interaction and tolerance with Islamic currents. Parallel to that, the policy of confrontation and strong control over radical and independence-seeking currents and the third policy is political participation and instrumental use of Islamic currents.

Although the systems of responsibility each have their own specific functions and goals, but in some cases these systems are not efficient and the island activity of each of the systems of responsibility has not led to the desired result, so given the dynamics and The fluidity of society in the shadow of maintaining the boundaries of systems of responsibility, the interaction of these systems in order to evolve as much as possible, is considered important. According to the findings of this study, in cases where civil liability is not effective and deterrent, criminal liability can be sought. Accordingly, in choosing the type of dealing with legal phenomena, but also in choosing the intensity of action, one should pay attention to the conditions and developments in society. It should be noted that criminalizing acts that were previously civil does not mean denying or denying restorative justice. Rather, in order to complete the theory of restorative justice and attention to society and its impact on the occurrence of crime, in cases where the conditions of society, it is necessary to deal with some civil violations by some guarantee of criminal enforcement, such an action is allowed.

Political tolerance and interaction in the Qur'an and Hadith can be considered as one of the important tasks of governments and politicians to achieve national unity and the growth of various social ideas. Relying on the manners of the infallibles and the institutionalization of the elements of Sadrism, Muslim political rulers consider tolerance in social interactions as one of the main factors in reducing and controlling the level of confrontation and conflict among groups, guilds and individuals in society. This research seeks the role and effects of political tolerance from the perspective of the Qur'an and the tradition and manners of the Imams. And how and based on what strategies the interactions between the government and the nation as well as formal and informal individuals, parties, groups and organizations can be optimally managed and violent clashes can be prevented. This article provides a detailed picture of the position and role of this element in socio-political engineering by descriptive-analytical method and by analyzing the perspective of Quran and Hadith. Different areas and relations of governments and interaction of cultures, how to deal with religious minorities in Islamic countries has become doubly important. Therefore, identifying Islamic commands and rules in the field of interaction and tolerance with others and other countries in the contemporary world is very helpful and effective.

What and how the relationship between science and religion is one of the most important challenges in the field of science and knowledge in the Islamic world and especially in our country. According to the famous classification that is agreed upon by many thinkers in this field, this relationship can be divided into four categories: conflict, differentiation, interaction and unity. This research seeks to answer the question by using the library study method and by adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, what are the criticisms of some Muslim thinkers under the four relations between science and religion? Based on this, under the relationship of the conflict between Ahmad Kasravi and Mehdi Bazargan, under the relationship between the differences between the views of Abdul Karim Soroush and Mustafa Melikan, under the title of the interaction between the opinions of Hossein Al-Attas and Ali Paya, and finally under the relationship of the unity of Hossein Nasr's opinions, a brief review is carried out. has taken. The results obtained from this research indicate that under the relations of conflict, differentiation, interaction and unity, the views of some critics can be seriously criticized, and as a result, there is a logical and maximum connection between science and religion and the production of religious science. Only possible is desirable.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and identify the effect of interactions (continuous interaction, discrete interaction) on cultural capital and symbolic capital in the citizens of Isfahan.

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study was people living in 15 districts of Isfahan, which according to the last census conducted in 2016, was 1961260 people. In this study, the sample size was calculated using G * Power software. The sample size with ρ = 0.17 was 384 and based on the percentage of population in the 15 regions of Isfahan, the number of samples in each region was determined. Sampling was done by quota. In this study, Boholst (2002) Life Scale Questionnaire was used to collect information about life situation; Researcher-made questionnaires were also used for cultural and symbolic capital.

The results in the descriptive statistics section were analyzed using SPSS-21 software and in the relationships between variables section by structural equation modeling method using Amos software. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the types of interaction and cultural capital and symbolic capital.

It can be concluded that the more positive and continuous the interaction, the more cultural capital and symbolic capital. In addition, the results of the study showed that there is a relationship between cultural and symbolic capital and interactions.

Relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia have always been fraught with conflict due to differences in economic, ideological, military and security dimensions, but these conflicts have been accompanied by ups and downs in their 90-year regional relationship. So that at every stage of the relationship, after a period of tension and disconnection, and even limited wars and conflicts under the influence of charm and a major turning point in the relationship between the two countries, they are moving closer together and peaceful relations and interactions in one They have had a temporary period. The purpose of this article is to answer the question whether the geopolitical analysis and relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia at different times lead to conflict or interaction due to developments in the area of relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia? The results of this study show that the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia, due to their fundamental and structural differences, influenced by internal and external factors, cannot easily eliminate this conflict and tensions between the two countries. Taking into account the historical relations between the two countries at different times and the complexity of events over the last year and a half shows that both countries are reducing tensions and moving towards engagement in the relationship.

So far, many researches have been conducted on the topic of interaction and inter-organizational communication and various solutions have been presented. The police command is also recognized as one of the important organizations in charge of security in the country due to its diverse missions and the description of assigned duties, and accordingly, the statistical categories in the mentioned researches are also aimed at the police; Therefore, the main goal in this research is to identify and calculate the variables and indicators in the interaction and inter-organizational communication between the police and the responsible agencies in past researches.

The current research has evaluated the previous articles in different dimensions by using the meta-analysis method and emphasizing on inter-organizational interactions and communications. The statistical community includes all the researches conducted from 2011 to the end of 2021 in the field of the subject under study. Through targeted sampling, the number of 15 researches (research articles, promotional articles, and dissertations) related to the subject were selected through the scientific database and examined based on different criteria.

the highest ranking of research results and findings with a quantity of 18.8% related to cooperation, interaction and inter-organizational communication and its effect on providing public security and crime prevention; The second rank with a quantity of 14.2% is assigned to culture building and organizational culture and its effect on inter-organizational interactions, and the third rank with a quantity of 14.2% is assigned to the role of managers and management style in inter-organizational interactions. Also, "Strategies and policies in inter-organizational interactions", "Laws and regulations in inter-organizational interactions" and "Effect of structural factors on inter-organizational interactions" are in the next ranks with the quantity of 11.9% respectively.

In any migration, factors such as acclimatization and environment should be considered so that the person or persons who want to start a new life in a new and unpredictable environment do not get confused. The purpose of this study was supportive and interactive factors affecting the cultural adaptation of Iranian students abroad.

The method of this research is development-applied, exploratory mix and cross-sectional and applied survey nature. The statistical population in the qualitative stage were experts in the field of cultural adaptation of students who were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method. .

The results of the research in the qualitative section showed that the cultural adaptation of Iranian students included 3 indicators of interactive factors and 4 indicators of supportive factors. The results obtained in the structural model also showed that interactive factors (r = 0.096) and supportive factors (r = 0.109) had a positive and significant effect on the cultural adaptation of Iranian students studying in Russian universities.

Cultural adaptation is one of the most important components and as a result of the realization of cultural development at the university level and educational and cultural institutions such as universities always play a role in cultural adaptation.

Sunnis in the Islamic Republic are one of the cultural groups which have influences in social relations. Cultural groups have many different capabilities, if we have good interactions whit them, we can benefit these capabilities, but if the interactions with them was not based on principles, it results in divergence. So, if we want to design appropriate strategies the first step is Understanding the general policies of the Islamic Republic in related with them.
In the present study, we seek to discover and explain the general policies of the Islamic Republic from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei as the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic in interaction with Sunnis. This study has been done with the grounded theory method and the data has been collected from his lectures, messages, commands and his political behaviors a bout Sunnis.
In general, it can be said that the main axis of his thought is unity, which includes various dimensions.

The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons for the adoption of two conflicting approaches of the Iraqi people (interaction-confrontation) in the face of ISIS through an objective and field study.

  In this qualitative study, the researcher, using the method of Grounded theory, and by attending places in Iraq where ISIS was active, while communicating and interviewing people, sought to answer this question: What are the causes of interactions and conflicts between Iraqi Sunni Arabs and ISIS?

According to the findings of this study, Sunni Arabs' attachment to power and past privileges and unwillingness to adopt new government conditions and maintain national cohesion based on parliamentary elections, as well as improper Shiite rule over the failed government during the occupation of Iraq, are among the factors of disintegration and growing hatred in Iraq. These factors led to interaction with ISIS. In practice, the ISIL government increased the pressure and restrictions on the people of the occupied territories, and the invasion of family privacy and the threat and injustice against the people provided the ground for confrontation with ISIL. In addition, the intervention of regional and supra-regional countries was influential in the intensity and weakness of this conflicting action.

The existence of the conflicting archetype of "Shiites against Sunnis" is involved in intensifying the internal crises of Islamic and Arab countries. Iraq is no exception. In the critical situation in Iraq, the existence of this conflicting archetype turned the central factors of interaction with ISIS in Iraq into a stimulus for causal factors such as hopelessness for the future, hatred of Shiism among some Sunni Arabs, loss of past rule, and so on. The conditions for the intervention of regional and supra-regional powers to gain benefits by influencing the events in Iraq and ethnic, religious and racial rivalries have also potentially delayed the process of nation-building and political stability in Iraq.

One of the basic pillars of maintaining stability and internal security of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the police force. Obviously, this important and valuable group, especially law enforcement personnel, is always exposed to enemy threats; Therefore, the role of participation and cooperation of NAJA commanders and managers with information protection is to protect employees and their security authority.

This research is an applied goal in terms of the type of descriptive-analytical method and in order to investigate the factors affecting the interaction of commanders with information protection in the protection of Fateb employees in 2016. The statistical population of this research is Fateb managers and commanders. The sample size in this study is 110 people and to collect information, a 43-item design questionnaire whose validity and reliability was confirmed was distributed and after collection using SPSS software to clarify the differences and priorities of the items in the questionnaire from Regression factor analysis and Friedman rank tests were used.

In order to develop the interaction of commanders with information protection in the protection of employees, it is necessary to pay more attention to strengthening (organizational interaction, empowerment, motivation system, good communication, attention to self-preservation culture, development of collective participation culture). The results show that structural, behavioral and contextual factors in the interaction of commanders with information protection have been very effective in protecting employees and there is a significant relationship between these factors and the interaction so that the attention to behavioral factors is more than structural factors. And it is grounded.

The interaction of the party system and the electoral system can be one of the strategic requirements in the realization of democracy. Despite the 100-year-old formation of parties in Iran, it still faces challenges and divergences in the face of the electoral system. (History) The investigation revealed that there was no research in this regard. (Background) Therefore, obtaining a strategic model of interaction between the party system and the electoral system needs to be examined. (Problem) Nevertheless, the main question is what is the strategic pattern of interaction between the party system and the electoral system in the Islamic Republic of Iran? (Question) This research is exploratory and there is no hypothesis in this regard. (Hypothesis) So the goal; Drawing a pattern of interaction between the party system and the electoral system in the Islamic Republic of Iran. (Objective) This research uses the data-driven method; and develops a strategic model for the interaction of parties and the electoral system in the Islamic Republic of Iran. (Method) After extracting the views of the interviewees and summarizing their opinions, an open code was extracted; and from their combination, the central code, and finally from the combination of the central codes, the selected codes were counted in a way that all the central codes are classified into 6 categories: causal, axial, contextual, interventional, strategic and consequential; and the relationships between the dimensions of the components and indicators of the strategic model of interaction between the party system and the electoral system in the Islamic Republic of Iran have been developed. (Finding).